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TOSA – Concept a Full Electric Large Capacity Urban Bus System Abstract

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TOSA – Concept a Full Electric Large Capacity Urban Bus System Abstract Swiss mobility days, Martigny, 07.04.2016, Olivier Augé/Global Product Manager & Innovation Agent ,ABB Sécheron TOSA – Concept A full electric large capacity urban bus system Abstract 15 seconds is the time needed at bus stops to disembark and embark passengers. That’s also the time we need to put some energy into the full electric TOSA large capacity bus. Like a trolleybus, the TOSA bus collects the required energy during its journey, but without overhead lines. Like an overnight charging battery bus, TOSA has autonomy to ensure the service, but with a small and long-life battery - no oversizing and limited recycling. At first glance, it looks like a paradox, but by selecting the appropriate technology and ensuring management of energy within the most optimal operating range means that a small battery has a much longer life time than the one used in an overnight charging battery bus. The technical architecture of this opportunity-charging principle, that we call Flash charging, will be presented along with its operational, economical and energy efficiency requirements. To achieve the energy transfer in such a short time, this bus has a laser controlled moving arm that connects to an overhead receptacle at some bus stops, e.g. every forth in Line 23. The docking procedure is fast, achieved in less than a second. The first TOSA articulated bus has been running in Geneva since May 2013. Concept and experience from the field will be shared, as well as the configuration for deployment on the full line 23 in Geneva by 2017. © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 2 A global leader in power and automation technologies Leading market positions in main businesses 40 $ billion ~140,000 In revenue employees (2014) Present Formed in in ~100 1988 countries merger of Swiss (BBC, 1891) and Swedish (ASEA, 1883) engineering companies Our E-Bus offering overview Products and solutions for onboard and infrastructure Prefabricated E-Bus substations TOSA complete packaged solution Fast DC chargers Onboard components (traction motor, etc.) Onboard components Drivetrain solution (traction motor, etc.) (traction converter and battery pack) Agenda . The meaning of the project . The concept and the technology . Operational experience and next step © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 5 Sustainable mobility challenges Public transportation . An increase in urbanization and high mobility demands . Traffic congestion . The need for a transport system with high capacity (BRT) . Public health: reduction in CO2 and noise emission . Evaporation of carcinogenic substances (OMS) coming from diesel motors Group 1 (since 2012) . Imagine vehicles with high energy efficiency . Flexible system to be deployed rapidly © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 6 TOSA demonstrator project The Partners The four partners of the pilot project “TOSA 2013”: TPG: Operator OPI: Project coordinator SIG: Energy supplier ABB: Technology provider © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 7 © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 10 Electro mobility For public transportation 1. Autonomy challenge Private usage – unpredictable Public usage - planned effective: 34 km per day* effective = requested requested: 150-300km Consequences on technology and investment: No over-dimensioning 2. Level of usage Private usage – low Public usage – high 1h per day 9 -16h per day 12’500 km per year* 50’000km km/year (urban bus) Economical consequences of a transition from diesel to electric: High rate of usage of public transportation economical trigger on the energy costs positive return on investments * Mobility and transport – Statistics 2013 - OFS © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 12 High capacity and start of operation May 2013 TOSA is a world premier in sustainable mobility Doris Leuthard, Member of the Swiss Federal Council, Head of the Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 13 The «Flash» Concept . Intelligent energy management . Feeding stations . Technology on the roof © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 14 Principle - Intelligent energy management 100% electric Goal: Reduce the energy storage on board High energy efficiency and cost efficiency 510 34 490 32 470 30 450 Altitude Battery energy level 28 430 Altitude [m] Altitude 26 410 24 390 [kWh] level energy Battery 370 22 350 20 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Distance [m] © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 15 Why opportunity charging ? A principle for electrical sustainable mobility Avantages Features • Driving hours (incl. waiting time at Layover time at terminus identical to terminus and dead mileage) operation with a fleet of diesel buses. • Fleet size to respect the timetable (charging in hidden time at terminus and bus • Infrastructure at terminal: footprint and grid stops) connection One (1) parking place at terminus • High passenger capacity Small footprint and weight of batteries. • Low energy comsumption Roof mounted technology • BRT and single/double articulated bus • Battery lifetime Operating cycle in favor of battery lifetime: • Recyclying (battery) • Low DoD (depth of discharge) • Partial discharge Infrastructure at depot: Buses are harvesting energy during service. • Non dedicated parking place Consequently, recharge at depot is reduce to • Charging point and grid connection the minimum (e.g. 5mn charging at arrival) © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 16 Feeding stations Flash / Terminus / Depot Network Bus Flash 2’30’’ Flash 15’’ 50 kVA, 400VAC 400kW, 500VDC Terminus 3-4’ Terminus 3-4’ 200kVA, 400VAC 200kW, 500VDC Depot 30’ Depot 30’ 120’ (4 buses) 50kW,500VDC 50kVA , 400VAC © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 17 Equipment on board – Technology on the roof An answer to high-capacity requirement Water-cooled Entirely automatic batteries pack Water-cooled traction energy transfer system chain I transport passengers and not Two water-cooled motorized axis engine batteries © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 18 © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 19 Equipment on the roof Energy Transfer System Entirely automatic energy transfer system (no action from bus driver) . Connection with high capacity power in 1 sec . Compensation for distance to sidewalk: 0 to 55cm . Receptacle; length 3m to optimize approaching speed . High power and safe: Respecting RNI norms and directives (ICNIRP) . Energy efficiency less than 1% loss © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 20 Terminus - Airport of Geneva 3-4’ charging time for a bus stop of 5’ © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 21 Infrastructure at Terminus 3’ charging 200kW 13 kWh Terminal Transformer-rectifier Feeding and control Station Front side Back side Back LV feeding inside the Energy TFS transfer pole (other side) at Airport © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 22 Palexpo Flash Stop: 15’’ Flash-charging at every 4th bus stop © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 23 Operational experience . Service . Incidents . Measuring energy consumption . Measuring the noise © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 24 Operational experience Demonstrator Service . Since 26 Mai 2013, 3 days per week + event at PALEXPO: 9:00-17:00 (100 days in service after Geneva Motor Show) . More than 5’000 connections with the infrastructure until the end of the last Motor Show (including changing contact pieces) . ~ 11'500 km until today © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 25 Energy consumption The drive Distance of reference: TPG depot Airport TPG depot Network to wheel* 1.59 kWh/km Battery to wheel* 1.46 kWh/km 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.46 1.46 1.31 0.99 drive kWh/km kWh/km kWh/km kWh/km kWh/km kWh/km 0.28 auxiliary Entry of the point of point of Elect. Exit at bus on-board view of the view of the Exit of the bus CC Network stop converter battery battery * Variable consume excluded. Following some estimations: • Air-conditioning / heating : 0.4 - 0.8 kWh/km + 1.6 kWh/km (max.) • Passengers: 0.8 kWh/km for 10t © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 26 Energy consumption The drive: Other routes Network to wheel* Battery to wheel* Route of the demonstrator: Airport Palexpo Airport (3.1 km) 1.76 kWh/km 1.56 kWh/km With slight rise: depot Airport (9.6 km, +25m difference in altitude) 1.77 kWh/km 1.57 kWh/km With slight descent: Airport depot (9.6 km, -25m difference in altitude) 1.48 kWh/km 1.34 kWh/km © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 27 Measuring the noise At night in Geneva Acceleration phase From 20 and 30 km/h, maximum acceleration (difference between 20 and 30 is low) . Diesel bus (EURO5) 78 dB (A) . TOSA: 70 dB (A) Approach at bus stop . Diesel bus (EURO5) 78 dB (A) . TOSA: 69 dB (A) One delta of 10 dB(A) corresponds a doubling of the noise © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 28 Next steps . TOSA pilot-route – Geneva, bus line 23 . Technical progress © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 29 TOSA After the demonstrator… Tribune de Genève,12.3.2014 Agenda 2014-2018 Department of the Environment, Transport and Agriculture (DETA), published 14.4.2014 © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 30 TOSA pilot-route – Geneva, bus line 23 Infrastructure Configuration of the - P+R47 1' infrastructure: 2' . 4 Flash downhill 3' . 8 Flash uphill 4' Aéroport 5' . 3 terminus stops 6' . 4 DFS at depots 8' 9' 10' 11' 14' 15' 17' 20' 22' 23' 26' 32' 33' 34' 36' 38' 39' 40' 42' Line 23: 13.0-14.7km © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 31 TOSA pilot-route – Geneva, bus line 23 Flash Feeding Station: first sketch © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 32 Technical progress vs. Demonstrator project Vehicle Inverted rectifier of the drive used as charger . Disposal of the allocated charger ETS: Recognition of the infrastructure type and automatic equipment of the connection arm . Increase in information amount for the infrastructure type and independence vis-à-vis SAIEV © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 33 Technical progress vs. Demonstrator project Flash / Terminus / Depot Network Bus Flash 4’15’’ Grid AC Flash 20’’ connection 55 kVA, 400VAC DC 600kW, 600VDC Energy Energy MF charger Storage Unit transfer Grid Terminus 3-5’ connection Terminus 3-5’ 436kVA, 400VAC 400kW, 600VDC filtering IGBT Energy rectifier transfer Depot 30’ Grid Depot 30’ connection 120’ (4 buses) 50kW,600VDC 55kVA , 400VAC Galvanic Rectifier Plug insulation © ABB April 15, 2016 | Slide 34 Technical progress vs.
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