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José Antonio Lisbona MÁS ALLÁ DEL DEBER La respuesta humanitaria del Servicio Exterior frente al Holocausto José Antonio Lisbona gentilezagentileza eSefarad.comeSefarad.com José Antonio Lisbona Martín (Barcelona, 1961) es licenciado en Ciencias Políti- cas por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y Máster en Relaciones Interna- cionales por la Universidad de la Sorbona de París. Politólogo y periodista con más de veinticinco años de ejercicio profesional. Como especialista e investigador en la historia de los judíos en la España con- temporánea durante los siglos XX y XXI, las relaciones de España con Israel y el Mundo Árabe así como en la política exterior española hacia Oriente Medio, ha escrito tres libros de investigación: Retorno a Sefarad. La política de Es- paña hacia sus judíos en el siglo XX (1993), Samuel Hadas. Embajador de Israel al Servicio de la Paz (2011) y España-Israel. Historia de unas Relaciones Secretas (2002), obra por la que se le concede en Jerusalén el Premio Samuel Toledano en 2001. Así mismo, también ha participado en obras colectivas: La Libertad Religio- sa en España y las Comunidades Judías (2010), Israel Siglo XXI (2011), Palabras para un reencuentrogentileza (2006), España e Israel. Veinte años des- pués (2007), Los judíos engentileza la España Contemporánea (2000), La especi- ficidad de las migraciones judías de Marruecos a España (1956-1970) (1996). En enero del año 2012 recibe el Premio Samuel Hadas, a la Amistad España-Israel. Es miembro del Consejo Asesor del Centro Sefarad-Israel, de la Society for Se- fardic Studies, integrado en The MandeleSefarad.com Institute of Jewish Studies de la Universi- dad Hebrea de Jerusalén. Además, colabora en docencia e investigación con la Universidad Juan Carlos I de Madrid. MÁS ALLÁ DEL DEBER La respuesta humanitaria del Servicio Exterior frente al Holocausto gentilezagentileza eSefarad.comeSefarad.com gentilezagentileza eSefarad.comeSefarad.com MÁS ALLÁ DEL DEBER La respuesta humanitaria del Servicio Exterior frente al Holocausto José Antonio Lisbona gentilezagentileza eSefarad.comeSefarad.com GOBIERNO MINISTERIO DE OFICINA DE DE ESPAÑA ASUNTOS EXTERIORES INFORMACIÓN Y DE COOPERACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA Noviembre 2015 © José Antonio Lisbona, 2015 © Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación Unidad editora: Ministerio degentileza Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación. Secretaría Ge- neral Técnica. gentileza Diseño interiores y cubiertas: Javier Hernández (www.nolsom.com) / Oficina de In- formación Diplomática. Tratamiento fotomecánico: Javier Hernández e Ignacio Gómez (www.nolsom.com) / Oficina de Información Diplomática. NIPO: 501-15-046-1 Depósito legal: M-36377-2015 eSefarad.com A tenor de lo dispuesto en la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, no está permitida la re- producción total o parcial de esta publicación, ni su tratamiento informático, ni la transmisión de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, por foto- copia, por registro u otros métodos, ni su préstamo, alquiler o cualquier otra forma de cesión de su uso, sin el permiso previo y por escrito del autor, salvo aquellas co- pias que se realicen para su uso exclusivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación. gentilezagentilezaEn memoria de Pilar Martín Muniesa (1928-2015), eSefarad.comeSefarad.com una bella persona. mi madre, Por todo. gentilezagentileza eSefarad.comeSefarad.com ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO ...................................................................................... 13 José Manuel García Margallo, ministro de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación PREFACIO ........................................................................................17 Haim Avni, profesor emérito del Instituto de Judaísmo Contemporáneo de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................ 23 SIGLAS Y ABREVIATURAS ................................................................ 29 INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................. 33 Capítulo 1. POLÍTICA OFICIAL DE PROTECCIÓN DURANTE EL HOLOCAUSTO ... 37 Se pudo hacer gentilezamás Antecedentes: el filosefardismo y el Decreto de 1924: “Españoles sin patria” .................................................................................... 37 España ante la cuestión judía durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ..40 Mistificación y mitificación ....................................................... 47 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................ 51 HUNGRÍA ....................................................................................... 65 Capítulo 2. MIGUEL ÁNGELeSefarad.com DE MUGUIRO Y MUGUIRO MINISTRO (BUDAPEST, 1938-1944) ............................................... 67 Una denuncia permanente Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de Franco .............................68 Crítica al antisemitismo húngaro ............................................... 70 Atrocidades y crueldad ............................................................. 74 Visado colectivo para 500 niños judíos ........................................ 74 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................ 78 7 Capítulo 3. ÁNGEL SANZ BRIZ ENCARGADO DE NEGOCIOS (BUDAPEST, 1942-1944) ...................... 81 La milagrosa multiplicación de sefardíes El Ángel de Budapest ................................................................ 83 Informar sobre Auschwitz .........................................................86 Casas Protegidas bajo bandera de España ....................................88 Las Listas de Sanz Briz ..............................................................89 Por iniciativa propia ................................................................. 92 Liberar de las marchas de la muerte ............................................94 Silencio y olvido ...................................................................... 95 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ...................................................................... 100 Capítulo 4. “JORGE” (GIORGIO) PERLASCA FALSO CÓNSUL (BUDAPEST, 1944-1945) .......................................107 El gran impostor Voluntario fascita en la Guerra de España .................................. 108 Cuarenta días como falso cónsul ............................................... 115 Regreso, discreción y desamparo ..............................................123 Justo entre las Naciones ...........................................................128 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................... 131 RUMANÍA ......................................................................................139 Capítulo 5. JOSÉ ROJAS Y MORENO MINISTRO (BUCAREST,gentileza 1940-1943) .............................................. 141 Simplemente, españoles En defensa de la colonia sefardita ..............................................146 Confiscación de propiedades ....................................................148 Nación más favorecida .............................................................149 Desde Ankara: facilitar el traslado a Palestina .............................153 Angelo Roncalli ......................................................................156 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................158 Capítulo 6. MANUEL GÓMEZ-BARZANALLANAeSefarad.com Y GARCÍA MINISTRO (BUCAREST, 1943-1945) ..............................................163 Un compromiso personal Apoyo a la repatriación ............................................................164 Solo judíos “católicos o catolizables” .........................................168 Con su “visto bueno”: fórmula Barzanallana ..............................169 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................173 8 GRECIA .........................................................................................175 Capítulo 7. EDUARDO GASSET Y DÍEZ DE ULZURRUN CÓNSUL Y ENCARGADO DE NEGOCIOS (ATENAS Y SOFÍA, 1941-1944) 177 Misión confidencial ......................................................................... Repatriación y entrega de alimentos ......................................... 180 Protección directa ...................................................................182 Mensaje a Madrid ....................................................................184 Traslado a Bulgaria ..................................................................189 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................... 191 Capítulo 8. SEBASTIÁN ROMERO RADIGALES CÓNSUL GENERAL (ATENAS, 1943-1945) ......................................195 Detener las deportaciones De Salónica a Bergen-Belsen. ...................................................199 La deportación llega a los judíos españoles de Atenas ................. 202 “Es justo quien hace más de lo que debe” .................................. 207 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ...................................................................... 209 Capítulo 9. PADRE IRENEO TYPALDOS CANCILLER (ATENAS, 1942-1944) ................................................213 El “papaziko” trabajará por vuestra libertad Intercesión por los judíos de Salónica ........................................214 En favor de los niños de Atenas .................................................218 BIBLIOGRAFÍAgentileza .......................................................................222 BULGARIA .....................................................................................225
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