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Market Potential for the Use of LNG & L-CNG in Road Transport

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Market Potential for the Use of LNG & L-CNG in Road Transport Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport UN ECE Round Table of Use of Gas in Transport 21st Annual Session Geneva, 18-19 January, 2011 Manuel Lage, Dr. Eng. General Manager Rotterdam, December 2010 1 Advantages of bio natural gas • Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly methane (CH4) • Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the biomass, it is then a renewable fuel. • Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight As a comparison, • Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C • Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C • LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and CO2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas. Rotterdam, December 2010 2 CNG. Other Emissions Comparison Emissions IVECO CURSOR 8 CNG engine vs present and future Euro limits (Source: IVECO) 6,00 5,45 5,00 EURO 3 (2001) 5,00 EURO 4 (2006) EURO 5 (2009) 4,00 4,00 E.E.V. 4,00 IVECO 3,50 3,00 3,00 2,00 Emission (Gr), g/kWh (Gr), Emission 2,00 2,00 1,55 1,60 1,10 1,10 1,00 0,78 0,65 0,500,50 0,53 0,40 0,16 0,03 0,01 0,008 0,03 0,02 0,0022 0,00 CO NMHC CH4 NOX PT Exhaust pollutants Rotterdam, December 2010 3 Noise emitted by the truck 1 Vehicle #1: IVECO 240E25 6x2 RSU Vehicle #2: IVECO 240E26 6x2 RSU CNG (EEV) Refuse collection chassis cab with body Vehicles laden and compacting Vehicles stationary 6 2 Vehicle #1 Vehicle #2 dB(A) 76 74 72 Ave 7.0 m 70 5 3 71 dB(A) 68 66 Ave 66 dB(A) 64 Microphone height = 1.5 m 62 60 4 123456(position) Rotterdam, December 2010 4 Madrid CNG refuse collection fleet Total fleet in 2006: 445 Iveco CNG trucks Yearly gas consumption: 10.500.000 Nm3 Reduction of yearly emissions, referred to a Diesel Euro 3: NOx 132.391 kg CO + HC + PM 703.000 kg CO2 2.069.440 kg 5 CNG urban buses Mercedes Citaro CNG 250 HP. Lean mix engine turbocharged. EEV certified Tedom 12 m. CNG bus Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 & 18 m 300 HP. Turbocharged. EEV certified 280 CV. Stoichiometric turbo engine. EEV certified Rotterdam, December 2010 6 CNG urban trucks and buses in Europe CNG Garbage trucks in Europe •France approx. 600 Euro 2 - EEV •Switzerland approx. 20 Euro 3 - EEV •Italy approx. 600 Euro 3 - EEV •Spain approx. 1000 Euro 3-4-5 - EEV CNG Urban buses in Europe (+Turkey, Russia) In Europe, most of the heavy 9000 8000 vehicles running on NG are 8000 urban, using CNG/biomethane. 7000 6000 5000 Volume and weight of the CNG 4000 tanks limit their use in road 3000 20002334 1333 2000 847 11401300 transport. 1000 135 315 418 0 e y y n n ke nce sia tugal a Italy s rlands Spain ma e Greec er Tur Fr Ru Por SwedeG eth N Rotterdam, December 2010 7 Wide offer of European NGVs Citroen Citroën C3 1.4 Citroën Berlingo Style bivalent Multispace Plus Bivalent Fiat Fiat Doblò Cargo Fiat Doblò 1.6 16V Fiat Panda Panda 1.2 8V Fiat Grande Fiat Doblò Cargo SX SX 1.6. 16V Natural Power Natural Power Punto 1.4 8V Maxi 1.6 16V Natural Natural Power Natural Power Power Ford Mercedes Mercedes Benz Mercedes Benz Mercedes Sprinter Ford C-Max Ford Focus Ford Transit 2.3 CNG B170 NGT E200 NGT 316 NGT + 516 NGT 2.0 CNG 2.0 CNG Opel Opel Zafira 1.6 Opel Zafira 1.6 Opel Combo Tour Opel Combo 1.6 CNG ecoFLEX ecoFLEX Turbo 1.6 ecoFLEX ecoFlex Kastenwagen Volkswagen Volkswagen Caddy Volkswagen Touran Volkswagen Caddy Maxi Life Volkswagen Passat Volkswagen Caddy Life 2.0 Ecofuel 1.4 TSI EcoFue 2.0 EcoFuel 1.4 TSI EcoFuel 1.6 CNG Van Rotterdam, December 2010 8 NGVs World Market growth. 1991 to 2020 80.000 70.000 60.000 10 years 50.000 15% annual growth 40.000 30.000 20.000 Worldwide NGVs (.000) 10.000 6 years 26% annual growth 0 2001 1,7 M NGVs Rotterdam, December 2010 1.991 1.993 13 years, assuming 2007 18% annual growth 1.995 7 M NGVs 2020 1.997 65 M NGVs 1.999 (9% market share) 2.001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 9 The bright future of NGV’s • The DG MOVE (EU) is preparing a white paper with the title: Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Fuels in which there is a significant support to the NG, following the contributions given by NGVA Europe, the only NGV expert invited to the group. • The development of NGV’s in the medium and long term future, other than the existing and well established technologies, will be wide and following five additional main lines: – CNG Hybrid Vehicles – Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties – Biogas – LNG for trucks and buses – Methane-Hydrogen mixtures Rotterdam, December 2010 10 CNG Hybrid Urban buses Castrosua TEMPUS CNG Hybrid. New urban bus presented in FIAA Madrid (November 2010) The municipality of Madrid has already passed orders for 23 CNG-Hybrid buses: • 13 Castrosua • 10 Tata Hispano. Tata Starbus CNG Hybrid, to be produced in Europe by: Tata Hispano, Zaragoza, Spain. Rotterdam, December 2010 11 Dual Fuel technology available • Dual fuel systems have been developed to substitute a major part of diesel for natural gas in heavy duty engines, keeping the Diesel cycle • Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles • Full diesel operation is available, when run out of CNG • The natural gas injection system is electronically controlled with a separate ECU. • Legislation still under development • Dual fuel system is an alternative to dedicated NG engines Members of NGVA Europe offering Dual Fuel technologies: Rotterdam, December 2010 12 Biogas production potential EU is still missing a European legislation for the injection of biomethane in the NG grid. NGVA Europe is working also in the next legislation about the gas quality. Among different options of biofuels, biomethane presents the highest efficiency per hectare of land. A global European estimation shows a potential of 2.750 TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe), made out of 1.500 TWh (5,4 EJ=130Mtoe) coming from crops, plus another 1.250TWh (4,5EJ=1.108Mtoe) coming from other sources: sewage, manure, landfills, etc. If we choose bioethanol instead of biogas we would loose the potential of the waste, sewages, etc (1.250TWh, 4,5EJ=108Mtoe) and we would also reduce the efficiency of the land by 47%. In other words we would obtain 800TWh (2,9EJ=70Mtoe) instead of 2.750TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe). Rotterdam, December 2010 13 LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) NG with a high energy density 200 bar Diesel vs CNG & LNG Autonomy equivalence 200 bar CNG 200 bar 5 litre 200 bar Diesel oil 200 bar 1 litre LNG -162OC 1,8 litre LNG opens the way for the medium and long distance road transport Rotterdam, December 2010 14 First in Europe LBG (Liquid Bio Gas) truck Rolande LNG B.V., a specialist in supplying LNG and LBG for road transport applications, has recently introduced the first truck running on Liquid Bio Gas. Rolande LNG B.V. made this concept to work by converting, in close cooperation with the OEM, an IVECO Stralis CNG into a truck being capable to run on LNG/LBG. Rolande LNG B.V. provided not only the know how but also the special cryogenic tanks and heat exchanger. LBG is made from gas coming out of a landfill. It gives better emission levels than EEV or Euro 5 diesel engines. LBG CO2 emissions (Well to Wheel) are by far the best alternative to any other bio fuel currently available (up to 80% CO2 reduction compared to diesel). The truck is being used to show and promote the many advantages of LBG as fuel: It is cleaner (better than future Euro 6), quieter (5 dba lower noise level than a diesel) and up to 80% CO2 neutral! There is no better and economic alternative today. LBG can save between 2 and 5 €cents per km. The truck can run more than 1.200 km before refuelling. Rotterdam, December 2010 15 Refueling Stations L-CNG Lleida - Spain Rotterdam, December 2010 16 LNG supply to Europe Rotterdam, December 2010 17 The “LNG Blue Corridors” The availability of LNG all around the Iberian Peninsula, plus the French port of Fos (Marseille), and the Italian ones of Panigaglia (near Genova) and Revigo (near Trieste) constitutes a fantastic existing infrastructure to cover all the supply needs for road transport around the Mediterranean arch. Another corridor could also be imagined from Portugal and Spain to the north of France, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, north of Germany and Denmark, once all the LNG terminals, now under construction, will be in service. Rotterdam, December 2010 18 Methane/Hydrogen mixtures Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Hydrometano) offers a number of significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled transport: –It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor engine resetting –The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with some specification changes in materials –The H2 content considered (up to 30%) does not alter the autonomy of the vehicles –There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction (- 11%) –The use of compressed H2 in a “large” basis will push ahead the development of the hydrogen production and logistics Rotterdam, December 2010 19 Conclusions • Natural gas (methane) is an excellent energy vector, with the lowest Carbon to Hydrogen ratio of all the hydrocarbons.
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