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Natural Gas for Vehicles (Ngv) IGU – International Gas Union UN ECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES (NGV) June 2012 IGU WORKING COMMITTEE 5 – UTILISATION of GAS STUDY GROUP 5.3 – NATURAL GAS VEHICLES (NGV) and UN ECE WORKING PARTY ON GAS JOINT REPORT NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES – IGU & UN ECE JOINT REPORT Table of Contents and Principals 1. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 3. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 9 4. Market Profile: World, Countinents, Countries ............................................................. 12 Europe ........................................................................................................................... 13 Africa ............................................................................................................................. 35 Australia & New Zealand ............................................................................................... 37 North America ............................................................................................................... 39 South America ............................................................................................................... 54 Central America and the Caribbean .............................................................................. 59 Asia ............................................................................................................................... 61 5. Minimum Infrastructure Needs For Methane Refuelling Across Europe .................... 83 6. Environment and Emissions ........................................................................................... 87 6.1 EU emissions policies and its impact on the European NGV market ...................... 87 6.2 Carbon Footprint Matrix & Potential Supply Scenarios of Alternative Fuels for Transports ..................................................................................................................... 93 7. Fuelling and Operation Technologies .......................................................................... 100 7.1 Fuelling of LNG/L-CNG vehicles ........................................................................... 100 7.2 Best practices: NGV fuelling stations .................................................................... 104 7.3 LNG as a bunkering fuel ........................................................................................ 128 7.4 LNG is the sustainable fuel also for aviation ......................................................... 133 7.5 Fuelling technologies. Natural gas Blends Technology Gas – Hydro ................... 136 7.6 Promising NGV related technologies to enhance efficiency and safety ................ 149 7.6.1 Hybridization .................................................................................................. 150 7.6.2 Higher loads .................................................................................................. 151 7.6.3 Dual Fuel Technology ................................................................................... 154 7.6.4 Supercharging / Turbochargingg ................................................................... 154 7.7 Synergy of biomethane and natural gas ............................................................... 157 7.7.1 Production of biomethane (incl. various origins & various processes) .......... 157 7.7.2 Biogas valorisations & their environmental benefits ...................................... 165 7.7.3 Renewable natural gas (RNG) / biomethane in the USA .............................. 177 7.8 Rfid Safety System ............................................................................................... 180 7.9 Case Studies ......................................................................................................... 185 7.9.1 Lille and the French case .............................................................................. 185 7.9.2 First public LCMG filling station in Sweden ................................................... 193 - 2 - NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES – IGU & UN ECE JOINT REPORT 8. Natural Gas Vehicle Market In 2010 – 2020: Development Trends ............................ 200 Appendices: Appendix I: GasHighWay Project ............................................................................ 211 Austria .................................................................................................................... 213 Check Republic ...................................................................................................... 224 Estonia ................................................................................................................... 233 Finland ................................................................................................................... 238 Germany ................................................................................................................ 247 Itlaly ........................................................................................................................ 262 Poland .................................................................................................................... 278 Appendix II: Blue Corridors On Our Planet ............................................................ 293 Appendix III: Worldwide NGV statistics .................................................................. 307 Appendix IV: Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 316 Appendix V: References ........................................................................................... 321 Appendix VI: S.G. 5.3 Study Group Members and Partners .................................. 325 - 3 - NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES – IGU & UN ECE JOINT REPORT 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The acknowledgements are extended to all members of 5.3 Study Group and Partners who have contributed by their materials, knowledge, advice, comments, and personal attendance at the meetings for preparation of this Report, and especially: Special thanks to Eugene Pronin (Gazprom / NGVRUS) for Chapter 3: Executive Summary; Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries, Chapter 8: Gas Vehicle Market In 2010 – 2020: Development Trends and Appendix I: Country data base. Special thanks to Davor Matic (OMV Gas Adria) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries, Chapter 8: Gas Vehicle Market In 2010 – 2020: Development Trends and for Appendix I: Country data base. Special thanks to Manuel Lage (General Manager of NGVA Europe) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries; Chapter 6: EU emission policies and its impact on the European NGV market; Chapter 7.1: Fuelling of LNG/L-CNG vehicles; Chapter 7.7.4: Supercharging / Turbochargingg; 7.7: Promising NGV related technologies to enhance efficiency and safety; Chapter 7.10.2: First public LCMG filling station in Sweden and Chapter 8: Gas Vehicle Market In 2010 – 2020: Development Trends. Special thanks to Jeffrey Seisler (Clean Fuels Consulting, Belgium) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries, Chapter 7.2 Best practices: NGV fuelling stations, Chapter 7.7: Promising NGV related technologies to enhance efficiency and safety and Chapter 7.7.3: Dual fuel technology. Special thanks to Peter Seidinger (OMV Gas&Power GmbH) for Chapter 7.2: Best practices: NGV fuelling stations. Special thanks to Trevor Fletcher (Hardstaff Group, UK, Westport Innovations Inc) for chapter 7.7.3: Dual fuel technology. Special thanks to Lee Giok Seng (Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association) for Appendix III: Blue corridors on our planet. Special thanks to Andrey Andreevsky (Gazprom, Russia) for Chapter 3: Executive Summary; Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries; Appendix I: Country data base and Appendix II: Blue corridors on our planet. Special thanks to Rich Kolodziej (NGV America / IANGV) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries. Special thanks to Nuno Moreira (Dourogas, Portuga)l and Jorge F. G. de Figueiredo (APVGN - Associação Portuguesa do Veículo a Gás Natural, Portugal) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries. Special thanks to Ilmars Bode (LatviasGaze, Latvia) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries. Special thanks to Gitautas Tevialis (Lietuvos duyos, Litva) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries. - 4 - NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES – IGU & UN ECE JOINT REPORT Special thanks to Mrs. Barbara La Licata, Fabio Sagnelli and Mrs. Paola Zitella (ENVIRONMENT PARK S.p.A.) for Chapter 4: Market profile: world, continents, countries and Appendix I: Country data base. Special thanks to Matthias Maedge (EU Affairs Manager of NGVA Europe) for Chapter 6.1: EU emission policies and its impact on the European NGV market. Special thanks to Dr. Antonio Nicotra (Managing Director Air-LNG GmbH (Bonn), General Manager Gasfin Investment SA (Luxembourg)) for Chapter 7.4: LNG is the sustainable fuel also for aviation for Chapter 7.5: Fuelling technologies. Natural gas blends technology gas – hydro and for Appendix III: Carbon Footprint Matrix & Potential Supply Scenarios of Alternative Fuels
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