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Opensiracusa. OPENSIRACUSA. UNA PIATTAFORMA WEBGIS INTEROPERABILE PER LA TUTELA, LA VALORIZZAZIONE E LA FRUIZIONE DEI BENI CULTURALI Information and Communication Technologies Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell’Informazione e Modelli Matematici (DEIM) L-ANT/07 – ING-INF/01 OPENSIRACUSA. Una piattaforma WebGIS interoperabile per la tutela, la valorizzazione e la fruizione dei Beni Culturali IL DOTTORE IL COORDINATORE Dott.ssa Maria Luisa Scrofani Prof.ssa Ilenia Tinnirello IL TUTOR IL CO TUTOR Prof. Daniele Malftana Prof.ssa Patrizia Livreri XXX CICLO 2018 Progetto: TECLA – “Ricercatori ed Esperti Di Alta Tecnologia e Innovazione Tecnologica Applicata al Settore dei Beni Culturali” a valere sull’Avviso n. 713/Ric. del 29 ottobre 2010 TITOLO III “CREAZIONE DI NUOVI DISTRETTI E/O NUOVE AGGREGAZIONI PUBBLICO – PRIVATE” Codice identifcativo progetto: PON03PE_00214_1/F7 A Gianna, madre, amica, modello «Di quest’onda che rifluisce dai ricordi la città s’imbeve come una spugna e si dilata. Una descri- zione di Zaira quale è oggi dovrebbe contenere tutto il passato di Zaira. Ma la città non dice il suo passato, lo contiene come le linee d’una mano, scritto negli spigoli delle vie, nelle griglie delle finestre, negli scorrimano delle scale, nelle antenne dei parafulmini, nelle aste delle bandiere, ogni segmento rigato a sua volta di graffi, seghettature, intagli, svirgole.» Italo Calvino, Le città invisibili Racchiudere nello spazio di poche righe il senso di gratitudine verso coloro che nel corso di tre anni hanno incentivato, stimolato e sostenuto il tuo lavoro non è mai semplice. Mi preme innanzitutto ringraziare coloro che hanno consentito e mi hanno accompagnato durante il percorso dotto- rale: il Professore Alessandro Busacca, Coordinatore del Corso di Dottorato quando è iniziata questa avventura, la Professoressa Ilenia Tinnirello, attuale Coordinatrice, e la Professoressa Patrizia Livreri, che hanno seguito con interesse, cortesia e disponibilità gli sviluppi di questo lavoro. Un ringraziamento particolare va al Professore Daniele Malfitana che mi ha accompagnato, in qualità di relatore, direttore dell’IBAM CNR e guida in questi anni di formazione, non solo quelli dottorali, al mondo della ricerca, sempre disposto a condividere il suo sapere e la sua grande esperienza. A lui mi lega un immenso senso di gratitudine per aver compreso, forse anche prima di me, la mia naturale predisposizione alle “cose tecnologiche” e per avermi esortato a intraprendere questa strada. Un forte senso di gratitudine e di affetto mi lega ai colleghi e amici dell’IBAM CNR con i quali ho avuto la fortuna di condividere questi anni: Loriana Arena, Samuele Barone, Giuseppe Cacciaguerra, Licia Cutroni, Silvia Iachel- lo, Giovanni Fragalà, Mario Indelicato, Antonino Mazzaglia, Giusi Meli, Claudia Pantellaro, Danilo Pavone, Salvatore Russo. Tra essi, un ringraziamento speciale va alla mia cara amica Loriana Arena e ad Antonino Maz- zaglia, la mente archeologica e informatica che sta dietro alla nascita e allo sviluppo del progetto OpenCiTy, da cui è nata anche questa esperienza, e che mi ha reso partecipe, con grande generosità ed entusiasmo, dei processi teorici e metodologici che lo hanno orientato nello sviluppo del progetto. Solo grazie a lui, ai suoi preziosi consigli, ho potuto acquisire e perfezionare le competenze necessarie allo svolgimento di questo lavoro. Le persone più care gioiscono, soffrono, tribolano insieme a te, ti sostengono e ti consentono sempre di andare avanti con rinnovata fiducia. Senza l’appoggio dei miei affetti non avrei potuto portare a compimento questo percorso e a loro, mia madre Gianna, mio zio Franco e il mio compagno di vita Giuseppe, va e andrà sempre tutto il mio amore e la mia profonda riconoscenza. ABSTRACT Siracusa possiede un ingente patrimonio archeologico e culturale, posto oggi a testimonianza di una delle più grandi e potenti città dell’Occidente antico e giunto a noi tramite complessi meccanismi di stratificazione archeologica e architettonica e in seguito a ripetuti processi di espansione e contrazione del centro abitato nel corso dei secoli. Questo immenso patrimonio, variamente conservato all’interno del tessuto urbano moderno, tuttavia, ha dovuto e deve fare ancora oggi i conti con numerose criticità che rischiano di minarne inevitabil- mente la conoscenza, la comprensione e la stessa salvaguardia. In tale quadro nasce OpenSiracusa, un progetto di archeologia pubblica volto alla creazione di una struttura di conoscenza innovativa, in grado di organizzare, gestire e interrogare le informazioni pertinenti al sistema dei Beni Culturali della città. Il fulcro del progetto è costituito da una piattaforma WebGIS integrata e interoperabile che, sfruttando la natura polisemica propria dei GIS e la dinamicità e gli strumenti parteci- pativi del Web, si configura come uno strumento dinamico, interattivo e altamente intuitivo, grazie al quale qualsiasi utente, dal ricercatore all’amministratore, dal funzionario al cittadino, può diventare attore diretto del processo di diffusione della conoscenza. Si è scelto di operare a Siracusa, scenario archeologico e urbano privilegiato per l’applicazione di nuovi stru- menti dalle altissime potenzialità euristiche e di più efficaci forme di comunicazione in campo archeologico, a sostegno non solo di una opportuna attività di ricerca e di più oculate politiche volte all’amministrazione, alla tutela e alla valorizzazione del Patrimonio Culturale, ma anche come presupposto fondamentale per forme di partecipazione più attiva da parte della comunità, condizione necessaria per la realizzazione di una città intelligente. INDICE INTRODUZIONE » XI PARTE PRIMA » 19 TRA ARCHEOLOGIA E PROGRESSO CAPITOLO 1. LA CITTÀ INFORMATA, LA CITTÀ BEN GOVERNATA: » 21 LA CITTÀ INTELLIGENTE CONOSCENZA, INNOVAZIONE, EFFiciENZA, PARTEcipAZIONE. LA NASciTA DI UN NUOVO MO- » 21 DEllO DI ciTTÀ DAllA ciTTÀ STORicA AllA ciTTÀ INTElliGENTE. IL PARADIGMA DEllA SMART CITY NEllO » 29 SCENARIO DEI BENI CULTURAli IN ITAliA E IN SiciliA “HERITAGE IS OUR LEGACY FROM THE PAST, WHAT WE liVE WITH TODAY, AND WHAT WE PASS » 41 ON TO FUTURE GENERATIONS”. ApplicAZIONI ICT PER LA TUTELA E LA VALORIZZAZIONE DEL NOSTRO PATRIMONIO CULTURALE PARTE SECONDA » 49 IL PROGETTO OPENSIRACUSA. UN WEBGIS PER LA CONOSCENZA E LO SVILUPPO SO- STENIBILE CAPITOLO 2. L’ESPERIENZA DEI WEBGIS ARCHEOLOGICI IN ITALIA. VERSO NUOVE » 51 FRONTIERE DELLA RICERCA: IL PROGETTO OPENSIRACUSA INFORMATicA, GEOMATicA, ARchEOLOGIA E WEB: UN CONNUBIO POSSIBilE » 51 L’ARchEOLOGIA A PORTATA DI clicK. UNO SGUARDO AL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE ITAliANO » 54 Sistema Informativo Territoriale Archeologico di Roma (SITAR) » 56 Sistema Informativo Territoriale archeologico della città di Verona (SITAVR) » 57 Ricerca Archivi e Pratiche per la Tutela Operativa Regionale (RAPTOR) » 58 Geodatabase del Patrimonio Culturale dell’Emilia-Romagna » 59 Metodologie Applicate alla Predittività del Potenziale Archeologico (MAPPA) » 61 OpenCiTy Project » 62 LA piATTAFORMA OPENSIRACUSA » 64 L’area di indagine » 65 Lo studio delle fonti testuali e iconografche » 67 Gli ELEMENTI COSTITUTIVI DEllA piATTAFORMA OPENSIRACUSA » 72 CAPITOLO 3. IL GEODATABASE OPENSIRACUSA E LA PIATTAFORMA GIS » 75 IL GEODATABASE OPENSIRACUSA. OBIETTIVI E METODOLOGIA » 75 IL MODEllO LOGicO-CONCETTUALE DEL GEODATABASE OPENSIRACUSA » 77 L’ARchiTETTURA DEL GEODATABASE OPENSIRACUSA » 80 Tabelle principali del geodatabase » 80 Tabelle ausiliarie del geodatabase » 99 L’AMBIENTE GIS » 102 INTERFAccE GRAFichE DI INSERIMENTO DATI » 108 CAPITOLO 4. LA PIATTAFORMA WEBGIS » 115 DEFINIZIONE E ARchiTETTURA DEllE PRINcipAli piATTAFORME WEBGIS » 115 ARchiTETTURA DEL WEBGIS OPENSIRACUSA E GESTIONE DEI CONTENUTI » 119 Livelli Informativi Archeologici » 123 Livelli Informativi Tematici » 133 Livelli Cartografci di Base » 136 Funzioni di ricerca avanzata » 138 ARchEOLOGIA E OPEN DATA » 145 PARTE TERZA » 147 “PATRIMONIO AL FUTURO” CAPITOLO 5. CONSIDERAZIONI CONCLUSIVE » 149 OPENSIRACUSA PER LA RicERCA » 150 OPENSIRACUSA PER LA TUTELA E LA CONSERVAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE » 151 Nuove prospettive di sviluppo sostenibile. L’approccio BIM applicato ai Beni Culturali » 152 OPENSIRACUSA PER LA SOciETÀ » 153 APPENDICI » 155 APPENDICE BIBLIOGRAFICA » 157 ABBREVIAZIONI BIBLIOGRAFICHE » 231 INTRODUZIONE «La città non è disegnata, semplicemente italiane, l’aspetto sicuramente più caratte- si fa da sola. Basta ascoltarla, perché la città rizzante risiede nella risorsa culturale, costi- è il riflesso di tante storie» (R. Piano), non tuita dall’ingente mole di Beni Culturali, sia esistono forse parole più adatte a immorta- materiali che immateriali, ereditati nel corso lare sia la condizione immanente delle no- di secoli di storia; un patrimonio che, se cor- stre città che la fase di transizione che esse rettamente inteso e valorizzato, può divenire stanno sperimentando in questi ultimi de- un potente motore di sviluppo economico e cenni, da luogo passivo alle trasformazioni di coesione sociale. del tempo a spazio dinamico e innovativo, Fu con questo proposito che, nel 2012, forte del capitale umano e di conoscenze furono pubblicati in Italia i primi bandi insiti in esso. PON (Programma Operativo Nazionale Profonde trasformazioni derivanti da del Miur) volti alla realizzazione di buone un modo diverso di concepire la città, un pratiche nel campo della ricerca industria- modo che pone al centro di essa il citta- le e dello sviluppo sperimentale di sistemi dino. È questo il motivo che ha ispirato il intelligenti capaci di ottimizzare le risorse lungo
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