A Revised Classification of Santalales
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Interação Entre Aves Frugivoria E Espécies De Erva-De-Passarinho Em De Puxinanã E Campina Grande, Paraíba
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DA PARAÍBA CAMPUS I – CAMPINA GRANDE CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS LAILSON DA SILVA ALVES INTERAÇÃO ENTRE AVES FRUGIVORIA E ESPÉCIES DE ERVA-DE-PASSARINHO EM DE PUXINANÃ E CAMPINA GRANDE, PARAÍBA CAMPINA GRANDE – PB 2011 F ICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA CENTRAL – UEPB A474i Alves, Lailson da Silva. Interação entre aves frugívora e espécies de erva-de-passarinho em Puxinanã e Campina Grande, Paraíba [manuscrito] / Lailson da Silva Alves. – 2011. 20 f. : il. Digitado. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Biologia) – Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 2011. “Orientação: Prof. Dr. Humberto Silva, Departamento de Biologia”. 1. Aves frugívoras. 2. Erva-de-passarinho. 3. Dispersão de sementes. I. Título. CDD 21. ed. 636.6 INTERAÇÃO ENTRE AVES FRUGIVORIA E ESPÉCIES DE ERVA-DE-PASSARINHO EM DE PUXINANÃ E CAMPINA GRANDE, PARAÍBA ALVES, Lailson da silva RESUMO A dispersão é um processo em que a regeneração natural das populações de plantas zoocóricas é fortemente dependente da avifauna. Uma das principais interações entre plantas e aves é a frugivoria, em que animais frugívoros colaboram na dispersão dos propágulos de diversas espécies de plantas. As ervas-de-passarinho, nome genérico dado a algumas plantas que apesar de terem ampla distribuição nos trópicos também se encontram associadas ao ambiente de caatinga, são assim chamadas devido à dispersão de suas sementes, nas quais seus frutos servem de alimentos para diversas aves e estas ao defecarem levam suas sementes a longas distâncias. São plantas hemiparasitas e devido a isto têm sua importância econômica associada aos prejuízos que causam a plantações. -
Arachnid Ecology in New Zealand, Exploring
1 Arachnid ecology in New Zealand, exploring 2 unknown and poorly understood factors. 3 James Crofts-Bennett. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 “A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science [1] in Botany [2] at the 21 University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand” 22 2020 23 1 24 Index 25 26 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………5. 27 Chapter 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………...7. 28 1.1 The importance of spiders………………………………………………………...7. 29 1.2 The influence of habitat structural complexity on spider distribution and 30 abundance…………………………………………………………………………......8. 31 1.3 Invasive rodents in the context of New Zealand Araneae………………………...9. 32 1.4 Thesis structure and aims………………………………………………………..14. 33 Chapter 2. The effect of habitat structural complexity on spider abundance and diversity..15. 34 2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………..15. 35 Figure 2.1: Seasonal deciduous vegetation cover…………………………...16. 36 Figure 2.2: Seasonal deciduous vegetation cover with mistletoe parasites…16. 37 2.2 Methods…………………………………………………………………………17. 38 Figure 2.3: Examples of foliage samples……………………………………18. 39 Table 2.1: Sampling locations, dates and host data…………………………19. 40 2.2.1 Statistical Analyses……………………………………………………………20. 41 2.3 Results…………………………………………………………………………...20. 42 Figure 2.4: Total invertebrates sampled in summer, plotted………………..22. 43 Figure 2.5: Total invertebrates sampled in winter, plotted………………….23. 44 Table 2.2: Paired t-tests of host plant invertebrate populations……………..25. 45 2.4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………….26. 46 Chapter 3. A novel non-kill Araneae trap: test with regards to vegetation type versus 47 location 48 effects………………………………………………………………………………………..28. 49 3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………...28. -
1999 New Zealand Botanical Society
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 57 SEPTEMBER 1999 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Jessica Beever Secretary/Treasurer: Anthony Wright Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8001 NEW ZEALAND Subscriptions The I999 ordinary and institutional subs are $18 (reduced to $15 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 1999 student sub, available to full-time students, is $9 (reduced to $7 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 46 (December 1996), $3.00 each from Number 47 (March 1997) to Number 50 (December 1997), and $3.75 each from Number 51 (March 1998) onwards. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28 February of each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next year's subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the December 1999 issue (Number 58) is 26 November 1999. Please forward contributions to: Dr Carol J. West, c/- Department of Conservation PO Box 743 Invercargill Contributions may be provided on an IBM compatible floppy disc (Word) or by e-mail to [email protected] Cover Illustration Plagiochila ramosissima with antheridial branches. -
35. ORCHIDACEAE/SCAPHYGLOTTIS 301 PSYGMORCHIS Dods
35. ORCHIDACEAE/SCAPHYGLOTTIS 301 PSYGMORCHIS Dods. & Dressl. each segment, usually only the uppermost persisting, linear, 5-25 cm long, 1.5-4.5 mm broad, obscurely emar- Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Dods. & Dressl., Phytologia ginate at apex. Inflorescences single flowers or more com- 24:288. 1972 monly few-flowered fascicles or abbreviated, few-flowered Oncidium pusillum (L.) Reichb.f. racemes, borne at apex of stems; flowers white, 3.5-4.5 Dwarf epiphyte, to 8 cm tall; pseudobulbs lacking. Leaves mm long; sepals 3-4.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; petals as ± dense, spreading like a fan, equitant, ± linear, 2-6 cm long as sepals, 0.5-1 mm wide; lip 3.5-5 mm long, 2-3.5 long, to 1 cm wide. Inflorescences 1-6 from base of mm wide, entire or obscurely trilobate; column narrowly leaves, about equaling leaves, consisting of long scapes, winged. Fruits oblong-elliptic, ca 1 cm long (including the apices with several acute, strongly compressed, im- the long narrowly tapered base), ca 2 mm wide. Croat bricating sheaths; flowers produced in succession from 8079. axils of sheaths; flowers 2-2.5 cm long; sepals free, Common in the forest, usually high in trees. Flowers spreading, bright yellow, keeled and apiculate, the dorsal in the early dry season (December to March), especially sepal ca 5 mm long, nearly as wide, the lateral sepals in January and February. The fruits mature in the middle 4-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, hidden by lateral lobes to late dry season. of lip; petals to 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, bright yellow Confused with S. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
Mistletoes on Mmahgh J) Introduced Trees of the World Agriculture
mmAHGH J) Mistletoes on Introduced Trees of the World Agriculture Handbook No. 469 Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Mistletoes on Introduced Trees of the World by Frank G. Hawksworth Plant Pathologist Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Agriculture Handbook No. 469 Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture December 1974 CONTENTS Page Introduction ^ Mistletoes and Hosts 3 Host Index of Mistletoes 27 Literature Cited ^^ Library of Congress Catalog No. 74-600182 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington B.C. 20402 Price 75 cents Stock Number 0100-03303 MISTLETOES ON INTRODUCED TREES OF THE WORLD INTRODUCTION Spaulding (1961) published the first attempt at a worldwide inven- tory of the diseases of foreign (introduced) trees of the world. With the widespread introduction of trees to many parts of the world, it is becoming of increasing importance to know the susceptibility of trees introduced to new disease situations. Spaulding's comprehensive lists included forest tree diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, but not the mistletoes. Therefore this publication on the mistletoes was prepared to supplement his work. Spaulding considered only forest trees, but the coverage here is expanded to include mistletoes parasitic on introduced forest, crop, orchard, and ornamental trees. In some instances, mistletoes are reported on trees cultivated within different parts of a country where the tree is native. Such records are included if it is indicated in the publication that the mistletoe in question is on planted trees. "Mistletoe" as used in this paper refers to any member of the fam- ilies Loranthaceae or Viscaceae. -
Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecological Consequences for Tree
Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecological Consequences for Tree Populations and Bird Communities Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften - Fachbereich 1 - der Rheinisch - Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Bärbel Bleher aus Urach, jetzt Bad Urach Berichter: Universitätsprofessor Dr. rer. nat. Ingolf Schuphan Universitätsprofessor Dr. rer. nat. Hermann Wagner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13. September 2000 If I know a song of Africa, of the giraffe and the African new moon lying on her back, of the plows in the fields and the sweaty faces of the coffee pickers, does Africa know a song of me? Will the air over the plain quiver with a color that I have had on, or the children invent a game in which my name is, or the full moon throw a shadow over the gravel of the drive that was like me, or will the eagles of the Ngong Hills look out for me? T. Blixen dedicated to my parents CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 SEED DISPERSAL BY ANIMALS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR PLANTS 1 1.2 FRUIT AVAILABILITY AND CONSEQUENCES FOR FRUGIVOROUS ANIMALS 2 1.3 RELEVANCE FOR CONSERVATION 3 1.4 AIMS OF THESIS 4 2. SEED DISPERSAL BY BIRDS IN A SOUTH AFRICAN AND A MALAGASY COMMIPHORA SPECIES 7 2.1 INTRODUCTION 7 2.2 THE TREES 8 2.3 STUDY SITES 9 2.4 METHODS 10 2.4.1 FRUGIVORE DIVERSITY 10 2.4.2 TREE OBSERVATIONS 10 2.4.3 FRUIT TRAPS 10 2.5 RESULTS 11 2.6 DISCUSSION 16 2.7 SUMMARY 19 3. -
Myrtle Rust Reviewed the Impacts of the Invasive Plant Pathogen Austropuccinia Psidii on the Australian Environment R
Myrtle Rust reviewed The impacts of the invasive plant pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment R. O. Makinson 2018 DRAFT CRCPLANTbiosecurity CRCPLANTbiosecurity © Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, 2018 ‘Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment’ is licenced by the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This Review provides background for the public consultation document ‘Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan’ available at www.apbsf.org.au Author contact details R.O. Makinson1,2 [email protected] 1Bob Makinson Consulting ABN 67 656 298 911 2The Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc. Cite this publication as: Makinson RO (2018) Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra. Front cover: Top: Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata) infected with Myrtle Rust in glasshouse screening program, Geoff Pegg. Bottom: Melaleuca quinquenervia infected with Myrtle Rust, north-east NSW, Peter Entwistle This project was jointly funded through the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre and the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. The Plant Biosecurity CRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Program. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review of the environmental impacts of Myrtle Rust in Australia is accompanied by an adjunct document, Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan. The Action Plan was developed in 2018 in consultation with experts, stakeholders and the public. The intent of the draft Action Plan is to provide a guiding framework for a specifically environmental dimension to Australia’s response to Myrtle Rust – that is, the conservation of native biodiversity at risk. -
A Preliminary Survey of Foliar Sclerenchyma in Neotropical Loranthaceae
BLUMEA 50: 323–355 Published on 14 July 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X623012 A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF FOLIAR SCLERENCHYMA IN NEOTROPICAL LORANTHACEAE J. KUIJT & D. LYE Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada SUMMARY The foliar sclerenchyma of all genera of neotropical Loranthaceae is surveyed by means of cleared leaves, using selected species. Three general categories of sclerenchyma are recognized. Fibers may form discontinuous or continuous bundles associated with veins or, more rarely, occur as individual cells. Sclereids, often of the astrosclereid type, are present in varying concentrations, or may be absent. Cristarque cells are very common, and occasionally extremely abundant, but are lacking in several genera. The survey includes information on terminal tracheids which are almost invariably present. Attention is drawn to the systematic significance of sclerenchyma where warranted. Key words: Neotropical Loranthaceae, cristarque cells, fibers, sclereids, terminal tracheids. INTRODUCTION The Loranthaceae of the New World form an assemblage distinct from those of the Old World, none of the genera of either region occurring in both. In fact, even the re- lationships of genera from one hemisphere to the other have remained enigmatic. The solitary exception to this pattern is the trio of monotypic, undoubtedly primitive genera Atkinsonia, Nuytsia, and Gaiadendron, the first two of which are narrow endemics in eastern and western Australia, respectively, while the last genus ranges from Bolivia mostly through the Andes north to Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Within the neotropical assemblage of genera, relationships are frequently also uncer- tain. There is general agreement on some generic affinities: for example, Dendropemon and Phthirusa, and Aetanthus and Psittacanthus, form two such closely related pairs of genera. -
Kunkeliella, a New Genus of Santalaceae in the Canary Islands
1 Cuad. Bat. Canar. XVP: 11-26; 1972 1 I I Kunkeliella, a New Genus of Santalaceae in the Canary Island; by William T. Stearn * (Recibido en la redaccittn 26-7-1972) Abstract Kunkeliella, a new genus of Santalaceae with two species en- demic io ihe tanary isiands, is distinguished from Thesium by its isopolar pollen and drupaceous fruit, from Osyris by its scale- like leaves and hermaphrodite flowers. In habit it resembles the monotypiic Australian genus Omphacomcria, the S. American genus Ausltxoamericiuna and some African species of Thesiuin. The type- species, K. canariensis Skearn, inhabits Gran Canaria, the other, K. ~silutoclada(Svent ) Steiarn (syn The~iiimp<ilntorlarliirn Sv~nt [1960]), Tenerife. Pollen characters in tihe Santalaceae provide ta- xonomic information meriting further s~tudy.A Latin dialgnosis of the bibe Amphorogyneae Stauffer is inaluded to vallidlate the na- me, together with a bioigraphtcall note on Bans Uhich Stauffer (1929-1965) and a list of his publicatiions on Santalaceae. Kunkeliella, un nuevo género en la familia Santalaceae con 2 especies endémicas en las Islas Canarias, se distingue de The- sium por su polen isopolar y su fruto drupaceo, de Osyris por sus hojas tipo escamoso y sus flores hermafroditas. En su hábito se asemej'a a Omphacomeria, un género australiano y monotípico, a Ausiruarriericiuni, de Sudamérica y a aigunas especies africanas de Thesium. La especlie tipo, M. canariensis Stearn, ,habita en Gran Canarija, la otra, K. psiloto~c~lada(Svent.) Stearn (sin. Thesium psilat<vcladurnSvent. [1960]), en Tenerife. Los caracteres del polen en (hs Santalaceae proveen información taxonómica que requ'iere un esltu~dio<más profundo. -
1965) 278-307 Haustorium, (Loranthaceae
Acta Botanica Neerlandica 14 (1965) 278-307 On the Nature and Action of the Santalalean Haustorium, as exemplified by Phthirusa and Antidaphne (Loranthaceae) Job Kuijt {Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada) (received June 30th, 1965) Abstract The original intent ofthe present study was an inquiry into the architecture of the secondary haustoria of the mistletoes Antidaphne viscoidea and Phthirusa pyrifolia, each representing one of the two subfamilies ofLoranthaceae. In the course of this study it fundamental has become clear that there are similarities uniting the haustoria of the entire order, Santalales. The needfor integration of all knowledge of Santalalean haustoria became the work and more pressing as proceeded has culminatedin this article form. in its present This work, then, represents an integrated review of the structure mechanism of Santalalean and haustoria, introduced by anaccount of the haustoria of Phthirusa and Antidaphne. Phthirusa and Antidaphne the The mistletoe haustorium of temperate zones is a direct out- growth of the radicular apex of the seedling. Even such complex those of absorptive systems as Arceuthobium, Phrygilanthus aphyllus, and some species of Phoradendron can be traced back to their origin from the apical meristem of the primary root. In a large numberof tropical and some subtropical Loranthaceae, however, secondary roots are formed from the base of the plant or from branches. Such roots are known as the the epicortical roots, and follow branches of host, producing secon- dary haustoria at irregular intervals. Secondary haustoria, partly their limited have received little through geographic occurrence, attention from anatomists. The present account of the young secon- dary haustoria of Phthirusa pyrifolia (HBK) Eichl. -
Development and Anatomy of the Attachment Structure of Wood Rose-Producing Mistletoes
416 S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997, 63(6) 416-420 Development and anatomy of the attachment structure of wood rose-producing mistletoes 1 1 C.M. Dzerefos ·2 and E.T.F. Witkowski* 1 Department of Botany, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Republic of South Africa 2Wits Rural Facility, Private Bag X420, Acornhoek, 1360 Republic of South Africa Received 25 Apri//997; revised 20Septeml>er /99"' The formation of woodroses in Scferocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, and Combretum coffinum Fresen. in reaction to the parasitic mistletoes Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh .) Tiegh. and Pedisty/is gafpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) was investigated. Eight wood roses of varying sizes, and by implication age, were sectioned with the freeze microtome and the sledge microtome. As the mistletoe entered th e host tissues it assumed a flask-shape due to mechanical constriction by layers of host cork. There was a clear differentiation between host cells containing tannin and mistletoe cells without tannin throughout the sections. In addition these were separated by a thin wavy black hne of gum. The mistletoe occupied a central position as well as producing finger-like projections into the host tissue. Older sections indicated an increase in tannin and sclereids, while the arrangement of axial xylem elements became increasingly disrupted. There appear to be two strategies to prevent a functional connection with the mistletoe: 1) the production of wound periderm at the host surface and 2) internal necrosis and disruption of internal host tissues. The study species showed signs of both but the mistletoes managed to by-pass these strategies and instead lead to the formation of elaborate and intricate wood roses.