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Mistletoes on

Introduced Trees of the World

Agriculture Handbook No. 469 Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

Mistletoes on

Introduced Trees of the World

by

Frank G. Hawksworth Pathologist

Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station

Agriculture Handbook No. 469

Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture December 1974 CONTENTS

Page Introduction ^ Mistletoes and Hosts 3 Host Index of Mistletoes 27 Literature Cited ^^ Library of Congress Catalog No. 74-600182

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington B.C. 20402 Price 75 cents Stock Number 0100-03303 MISTLETOES ON INTRODUCED TREES OF THE WORLD

INTRODUCTION

Spaulding (1961) published the first attempt at a worldwide inven- tory of the diseases of foreign (introduced) trees of the world. With the widespread introduction of trees to many parts of the world, it is becoming of increasing importance to know the susceptibility of trees introduced to new disease situations. Spaulding's comprehensive lists included forest tree diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, but not the mistletoes. Therefore this publication on the mistletoes was prepared to supplement his work. Spaulding considered only forest trees, but the coverage here is expanded to include mistletoes parasitic on introduced forest, crop, orchard, and ornamental trees. In some instances, mistletoes are reported on trees cultivated within different parts of a country where the tree is native. Such records are included if it is indicated in the publication that the in question is on planted trees. "Mistletoe" as used in this paper refers to any member of the fam- ilies or . Mistletoes on hosts outside the known natural range of the mistletoe are included even though the native range may be in a different part of the same country. For example, the mistletoe tomentosum subsp. macrophyllum of the western United States is listed on Robinia pseudoacacia, a tree native to eastern . This list includes only introduced-host situations, where a tree is grown outside its natural range and within that of a particular mistle- toe. It does not include such introduced-parasite situations as in California (McCartney 1968), where the introduced mistletoe album parasitizes many native and introduced trees. Although this is the first attempt to compile a world list of mistle- toes on introduced hosts, many general works mention some of these host-parasite combinations (Greenham and Hawksworth 1966, Gill and Hawksworth 1961, Kuijt 1969, Lanier 1969, and Srinivasan and Subramanian 1960). In addition, several publications of the mistle- toe floras of various countries contain many such records. Some that were particularly useful are: Abbiatti 1946 (Argentina), Balle 1948 (Congo=Zaire), Balle 1958 (West ), Balle 1960 and 1964 (Madagascar= Malagasy Republic), Balle and Halle 1961 (Ivory Coast), Blakely 1922 a-c (), Fischer 1926 (Southern ), Sands 1924 (Malaya) and Weeraratna 1960 (Ceylon=Sri Lanka). Also several monographs contain host records of introduced trees such as: Bojarczuk 1971 (Viscum album in ), Florance 1914 {Viscum album in ), Hawksworth and Wiens 1972 (Arceutho- bium), Singh 1962 ( falcata), and Tubeuf 1923 ( Viscum album). 1 The mistletoes parasitize mainly trees, but the records here include both trees and . The Australian Nutsyia floribunda, (a parasite) parasitizes introduced trees, shrubs, and even annuals; such records are included here. In many parts of the world, mistletoes have readily adapted to new ecological niches presented by introduced trees (Kuijt 1964c, Room 1973). Hybrids in the mistletoes are generally very rare, but it is perhaps significant that in Australia apparent hybrids between two species of occur mostly on introduced trees (Barlow 1966). As Barlow suggests, the two mistletoes are ecologically isolated by their differential host preferences; thus hybrids may be more likely to survive on hosts to which the parent species are not adapted. I originally hoped to indicate the severity of attack by various mistletoes on each introduced tree species. However, such information is generally not available. Some instances in which by native mistletoes on introduced or cultivated trees is particularly damaging include: 1. Viscum album on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) in . 2. bangwensis on cacao ( cacao) in Africa. 3. Dendrophthoe pentandra on kapok (Ceiba pentandra) in Java. 4. Phthirusa on teak (Tectona grandis) in Trinidad. 5. ''Loranthus" on rubbertree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Malaya. 6. Oryctanthus spp. and Phoradendron piperoides on cacao ( Theo- broma cacao) in Costa Rica. One of the most bizarre occurrences of a mistletoe on an introduced tree is Macrosolen albicaulis Wiens on Ficus religiosa L., a sacred tree brought into Sri Lanka (Ceylon) from over 2,000 years ago (Wiens 1971 ). M. albicaulis is common on F. religiosa in Sri Lanka, where it is the only known host. The mistletoe apparently does not occur in Nepal, so it is not known whether the species has evolved in Sri Lanka since the introduction of the host there, or whether it was inadvertently brought in with the host. Because of the question- able origin of this mistletoe, it is not included here. This paper was prepared as a project of the Mistletoe Working Party of the F.A.O./International Union of Forest Research Organi- zations. Although such a work can never be complete, I have at- tempted to make the lists as complete and up-to-date as possible. Over 6,000 publications from all parts of the world were searched for references to occurrence of mistletoes on introduced trees. About 150 contained such information and are cited here. I would appreciate having any additions or errors brought to my attention. The format of Spaulding's (1961) publication is followed here. The first section lists the mistletoes alphabetically with the introduced hosts reported for each. The second section, starting on page 27, is a host index. MISTLETOES AND HOSTS

In this section, the scientific name for the mistletoe is given first. Next the scientific names of introduced hosts of the mistletoe are listed. On the same line, the area of origin of the tree, if known, is listed in brackets. The next line gives the country where the record is from and the literature reference. Hosts of a particular mistletoe known only from artificial inoculation experiments are indicated by an asterisk (*). Where possible, the latest scientific names were used for each mistletoe. The situation is particularly confusing in ''Loranthus/' however. Hundreds of 'Xoranthus'' species have been described, but essentially all of them have now been assigned to other genera. For names of the species of ''Loranthus/' the work of Danser (1933) has been followed. References that use ''Loranthus" without a specific name are retained as such. A similar situation exists for Phrygilan- thus; all species once in this have now been assigned to other genera ( Barlow and Wiens 1973). Several reports do not give the scien- tific names of mistletoes involved, but record them only as a "mistle- toes'—and this is the way they are listed here. In some cases it has not been possible to determine the area of origin of some tree species, particularly for widely domesticated orchard species such as , Pyrus, , etc. Authors for the host tree names have been verified by Elbert L. Little, Jr., Dendrologist, USD A Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Synonyms for tree names are not listed separately; the latest gener- ally accepted name is used.

Agelanthus brunneus ( Engl. ) Illicium religiosum [Japan] Tiegh. Australia—Blakely 1922c Morus alba [China] Malus sylvestris [Europe, Tropical W. Africa- Balle 1958 W. ] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Australia— Blakely 1922c 1961 oleander [Mediterra- Nerium oleander [Mediterran- nean. Orient] ean. Orient] Australia—Blakely 1922c Tropical W. Africa—Balle Olea europaea [SE. Europe] 1958 Australia—Hamilton and congener Tiegh. Barlow 1963 Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] [SE. Europe, Australia—Blakely 1922c W. Asia] Citrus limon [SE. Asia] Australia—Blakely 1922c Australia— Blakely 1922c domestica [W. Asia, Crataegus spathulata [SE.U.S.] Europe] Australia—Blakely 1922c Australia—Blakely 1922c Gleditsia sinensis [China] Prunus pérsica [China] Australia—Blakely 1922c Australia—Blakely 1922c [Europe, Asia] Pinus mugo [Europe] Australia—Blakely 1922c United States*—Wier 1918 Quercus bicolor [E. North Pinus pinaster [Europe] America] California—Kuijt 1960 Australia-Blakely 1922c Pinus pinea [S. Europe] Salix babylonica [China] United States* —Hedgcock Australia-Blakely 1922c and Hunt 1917 Pinus resinosa [NE. N. America] Amyema péndula (Spreng.) Tiegh. United States*-Wier 1918 [Canary [Europe, Asia] Islands] United States*-Wier 1918 Australia—Blakely 1922c United States, Idaho— Pinus radiata [California] Hawksworth and Wiens 1972 S. Australia—Newhook 1966 Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Arceuthobium cyanocarpum A. Australia-Blakely 1922c Neis. Amyema preissii (Miq.) Tiegh. Pinus strobus [E. North Cytisus proliferus [Canary America] Islands] United States, Colorado* — Victoria, Australia—Zimmer, Hawksworth and Wiens 1972 W.J. 1959 Arceuthobium laricis (Piper) Amylotheca cumingii Tiegh. St. John Citrus grandis [] Larix decidua [Europe] Philippines—Anonymous 1911 United States*-Wier 1918 Amylotheca dictyophleba (F. Larix leptolepis [Japan] IVIuell.) Tiegh. United States*-Wier 1918 [Tropi- Picea abies [Europe] cal Asia to Japan] United States, Washington— Australia—Hamilton and U.S. Department of Agri- Barlow 1963 culture 1963 Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. Pinus banksiana [N. North ex Engelm. America] Pinus mugo [Europe] United States, Idaho- United States*-Wier 1918 Graham 1959 Pinus sylvestris [Europe, Asia] Pinus resinosa [E. North Washington—Graham and America] Leaphart 1961 United States, Idaho-U.S. Alberta, Canada—Powell Department of Agriculture 1968 1962 Arceuthobium campylopodum Pinus sylvestris [Europe, Engelm. Asia] Larix decidua [Europe] United States, Washington- United States*-Wier 1918 Graham and Leaphart 1961 Picea abies [Europe] Arceuthobium occidentale United States*-Wier 1918 Engelm. Pinus elliottii [SE. United Pinus banksiana [N. North States] America] Washington D.C.* —Hedgcock United States* —Hedgcock and Hunt 1917 and Hunt 1917 Pinus bungeana [China] America] United States* —Hedgcock United States*-Wier 1918 and Hunt 1917 Bakerella clavata (Dans.) Balle Pinus palustris [SE. United Citrus aurantium [SE. Asia] States] Malagasy Republic—Balle United States*—Hedgcock 1964 and Hunt 1917 Mangifera indica [Asia] Pinus virginiana [E. United Malagasy Republic—Balle States] 1964 United States* —Hedgcock Bakerella gonoclada (Bak.) and Hunt 1917 Balle Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) Citrus medica [SW. Asia] IVI. Bieb. Malagasy Republic—Balle Chamaecyparis thyoides [E. 1964 United States] Dendropemon bicolor Krug & * —Heinricher 1930 Urban Cupressus macrocarpa Citrus sp. [S. Asia] [California] Puerto Rico—Stevenson 1917 Russia—Zefirov 1955 Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & Arceuthobium pusillum Peck Urban Picea pungens [W. United Citrus sp. [S. Asia] States] Puerto Rico—Stevenson 1917 United States, Maine—U.S. Citrus aurantifolia [SE. Asia] Department of Agriculture Dominica—Nowell 1923 1960 (L.f.) Ettingsh. Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosen- famesiana [Tropical dahl) G.N. Jones America] Larix decidua [Europe] India-Singh 1962 Canada, British Columbia— [Australia] Kuijt 1964a Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Picea abies [Europe]* Annona cherimolia [S. America] Canada, British Columbia- India—Singh 1962 Smith, 1965 Annona reticulata [Tropical Picea glauca [N. North America] America] India—Singh 1962 Canada, British Columbia* — [Tropical Smith 1965 America] Picea pungens [W. U.S.] India-Singh 1962 United States, California— Bougainuillea spectabilis [S. Hawksworth and Wiens America] 1972 India—Sampathkumar 1970 Pinus radiata [California] Casuarina cunninghamiana Canada, British Columbia* — [Australia] Smith and Craig 1968 India-Singh 1962 Pinus sylvestris [Europe, Cas ua rina equis et if o lia Asia] [Australia] Canada, British Columbia* — India-Fischer 1926, Singh Smith and Craig 1968 1962 canadensis [E. N. Citrus jambhiri India—Sharma 1952 cal America] Diospyros kaki [Japan, China] India—Singh 1962 India-Singh 1956, 1962 juliflora [SW. U.S., Duranta repens [Tropical Tropical America] America] India-Singh 1954, 1962 India-Singh 1962 Prunus pérsica [China] Eriobotrya japónica [Japan, India—Singh 1962 China] [Tropical India-Singh 1962 America] camaldulensis India—Singh 1962 [Australia] Púnica granatum [S. Asia] India—Patvardhan 1924 India—Fischer 1926 Eucalyptus citriodora Salix babylonica [China] [Australia] India—Singh 1962 India-Singh 1959, 1962 Swietenia macrophylla [Central Eucalyptus robusta [Australia] America] India-Singh 1954, 1962 India—Ghosh 1968 [Australia] Swietenia mahagoni [Fla., West India-Singh 1959, 1962 Indies] Gleditsia ferox [China] India—Sampathkumar and India—Singh 1962 Kunchitpatham 1968 Gossypium barbadense [Tropi- Taxodium distichum [SE. U.S.] cal America] India-Singh 1954 India—Singh 1962 Theuetia peruviana [Tropical Grevillea robusta [Australia] America] India—Sampathkumar 1970 India—Singh 1962 Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Dendrophthoe grandifrons (King) Guazuma ulmifolia [Tropical Dans. America] Ceiba pentandra [Tropical India—Singh 1962 America] Hevea brasiliensis [Brazil] IVlalaya-Sands 1924 Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Citrus grandis [Malaysia] Jacaranda mimosifolia [S. JVIalaya—Sands 1924 America] Citrus medica [SW. Asia] India—Singh 1962 IVlalaya-Sands 1924 Jatropha curcas [Tropical Dendrophthoe ligulata ( Thw. ) America] Tiegh. India-Singh 1962 Kigelia pinnata [S. Africa] Tamarix gallica [S. Europe, India—Singh 1962 W. Asia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 [SE. U.S.] India-Singh 1956, 1962 Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis genestifolia (W. & A.)Tiegh. [Australia] Anacardium occidentale [Tropi- India—Singh 1962 cal America] Mimosa púdica [Brazil] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 India—Singh 1962 Eucalyptus globulus [Australia] Morus alba [China] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 India—Singh 1962 India—Fischer 1926 Pithecellobium dulce [Tropi- Grevillea robusta [Australia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Elytranthe parasítica (L.) Dans. Nephelium sp. [Orient] Acacia melanoxylon [Australia] Sri Lanka—Narayana^ Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) C/irus sp. [S.Asia] Miq. China and Siam—Reinking Anacardium occidentale [Tropi- 1921 cal America] Englerina gabonensis ( Engl. ) Malaya—Sands 1924 Balle Ceiba pentandra [Tropical Theobroma cacao [S. America] America] Spanish Guinea— Room 1973 Malaya—Sands 1924 E rianthemum dregei ( E. & Z. ) Citrus aurantium [SE. Asia] Tiegh. Malaya—Sands 1924 Ailanthus malabarica [India] Citrus grandis [Malaysia] —Van der Bijl Malaya—Sands 1924 1920 Citrus medica [SW. Asia] Aleurites moluccana [SE. Asia] Malaya—Sands 1924 South Africa—Van der Bijl Hevea brasiliensis [Brazil] 1920 Malaya—Sands 1924 Aralia leptophylla [Melanesia] Psidium guajava [Tropical South Africa—Van der Bijl America] 1920 Malaya—Sands 1924 Barringtonia acutangula [Indo- Dendrophthoe suborbicularis nesia] (Thw.) Daws. South Africa—Van der Bijl Rhododendron arboreum 1920 [Himalayas] siamea [S. Asia] Sri Lanka—Weeraranta 1960 South Africa—Van der Bijl Widdringtonia why tel [SE. 1920 Casuarina equisetifolia Africa] JAustralia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 South Africa—Van der Bijl (F. Muell.) 1920 Tiegh. Cedrela odorata [Tropical Diospyros virginiana [E. U.S.] America] Australia— Hamilton and South Africa—Van der Bijl Barlow 1963 1920 Dendrophthora marmelandensis Citrus sp, [S.Asia] Urban Tanzania— Brenan 1949 Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Citrus aurantium [SE. Asia] Hispaniola—Kuijt 1961 South Africa—Van der Bijl Dendrophthora mesembryan- 1920 themifolia Grieb. & Urban East Africa—Sprague 1911 Prunus serótina var. salicifolia Diospyros digyna [Mexico, [Mexico, Guatemala] Central America] Peru—Kuijt 1961 South Africa—Van der Bijl 1920 Erythroxylum coca [S. America] 1 Personal communication, 1974. R. South Africa—Van der Bijl Narayana, University of Agricultural 1920 Sciences, Bangalore, India. Eugenia jambos [SE. Asia] South Africa—Van der Bijl Ziziphus jujuba [SE. Europe, 1920 Asia] Ficus cannonii [Pacific Islands] South Africa—Van der Bijl South Africa—Van der Bijl 1920 1920 schelei (Engl.) Garcinia cochinchinensis Tiegh. South Africa—Van der Bijl Citrus sp. [S. Asia] 1920 Tanzania—Brenan 1949 Grevillea forsten glaziovii [S. America] South Africa—Van der Bijl Tanzania—Brenan 1949 1920 Tec tona grandis [S. Asia] Hymenospermum flavum Tanzania—Brenan 1949 [Australia] Globimetula braunii (Engl.) South Africa—Van der Bijl Dans. 1920 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Jacaranda mimos i folia [S. Ghana—Irvine 1961 America] Tropical W. Africa—Balle South Africa—Van der Bijl 1958 1920 Zaire-Balle 1948 Magnolia grandifolia [SE. U.S.] Citrus limon [SE. Asia] South Africa—Van der Bijl Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle 1920 1961 [S. Asia] Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] South Africa—Van der Bijl Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle 1920 1961 Mimusops elengi [E. Indies] Citrus sinensis [S. China] South Africa—Van der Bijl Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle 1920 1961 Morus sp. Coffea sp. South Africa—Van der Bijl Zaire-Balle 1948 1920 Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Phyllanthus emblica [Asia] Uganda-Small 1923 South Africa—Van der Bijl Ghana—Irvine 1961 1920 Tropical W. Africa—Balle Polyalthia suberosa [Asia] 1958 South Africa—Van der Bijl Hevea sp. [S. America] 1920 Zaire-Balle 1948 Prunus pérsica [China] Ghana—Irvine 1961 South Africa—Van der Bijl Tropical W. Africa—Balle 1920 1958 Pterospermum semisagittatum deltoides [N. America] [S. Asia] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle South Africa—Van der Bijl 1961 1920 Prunus serótina [N. America] [S. America] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle South Africa—Van der Bijl 1961 1920 Prunus pérsica [China] Sterculia discolor [Australia] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle South Africa—Van der Bijl 1961 1920 Theobroma cacao [S. America] Ghana—Irvine 1961 Crataegus sp. Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle New Zealand—Allan 1961 1961 New Zealand—Cockayne Tropical W. Africa—Balle 1928 1958 Laburnum sp. [S. Europe, W. Zaire-Balle 1948 Asia] Globimetula dinklagei (Engl.) New Zealand—Cockayne Tiegh. 1928 Theohroma cacao [S. America] Malus sy lues tris [Europe, Tropical W. Africa—Balle W. Asia] 1958 New Zealand—Cockayne Camarouns—Room 1973 1928 Helicanthes elástica (Desr.) Pinus sp. Dans. New Zealand—Allan 1961 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Pinus muricata [California, India—Fischer 1926 Baja California] Manihot glaziovii [S. America] New Zealand—Rawlings 1950 India—Fischer 1926 Platanus sp. Púnica granatum [S. Asia] New Zealand—Allan 1961 India—Fischer 1926 Populus sp. Helixanthera nannii (Oliver) New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 Dans. [W. Asia, Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Europe] Tropical W. Africa—Balle New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 1958 Pyrus communis [Europe, Asia] Coffea sp. New Zealand—Allan 1961 Tropical W. Africa—Balle New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 1958 Rhododendron sp. Helixanthera wallichiana ( Schult. ) New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 Dans. Rosa sp. Acacia sp. [Australia] New Zealand—Allan 1961 India—Fischer 1926 Salix sp. Hyphear grewinkii (Buhse) New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 Dans. Ulmus, sp. Prunus amygdalus [W. Asia] New Zealand—Cockayne 1928 Iran—Hooper and Field 1937 Korthalsella breviarticulata Pakistan—Rahman, Khan (Tiegh.) Dans. and Khan 1973 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] [W. Asia] Australia—Danser 1940 Iran—Hooper and Field Dio spy ros sp. 1937 Australia—Danser 1940 Pakistan—Rahman, Khan Loranthus sp. and Khan 1973 Acacia melanoxylon [Australia] Pyrus communis [Europe, Asia] India—Bidie 1874 Iran—Hooper and Field Citrus sp. [S. Asia] 1937 N. Rhodesia—Riley 1956 Pakistan—Rahman, Khan Kwangsi, China—Teng and and Khan 1973 Ou 1938 Ileostylus micranthus (Hook, Rhodesia—Fawcett 1936 f.) Tiegh. Java and Sri Lanka—Fawcett 1936 Australia—Barlow 1963 Citrus poonensis [India] linearifolia Tiegh. Fukien, China-Lin 1947 Nerium oleander [Mediter- Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] ranean, Orient] Fukien, Cliina—Lin 1947 Australia—Barlow 1963 Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Lysiana spathulata (Blakely) Tanzania—Riley 1960 Barlow Dalbergia sissoo [India] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Nigeria—Waters 1947 ranean, Orient] Hevea brasiliensis [Brazil] Australia—Barlow 1963 Malaya—Bateson 1911 Macrosolen cochinchinensis Liriodendron tulipifera [E. U.S.] (Lour.) Tiegh. New South Wales, Austra- Anacardium occidentale [Tropi- lia—Turner 1895 cal America] Manihot glaziouii [S. America] Malaya—Sands 1924 Ivory Coast—Viennot- Casuarina equisetifolia Bourgin 1958 [Australia] Michelia fuscata [China] Malaya-Sands 1924 New South Wales, Austra- Ceiba pentandra [Tropical lia-Turner 1895 America] Prunus pérsica [China] Malaya-Sands 1924 Australia—Coleman 1949 Citrus limon [SE. Asia] Loranthus europaeus Jacq. India-Sharma 1952 Quercus macrocarpa [N. Hevea brasiliensis [Brazil] America] Malaya-Sands 1924 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Psidium guajava [Tropical Quercus nigra [E. U.S.] America] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Malaya-Sands 1924 Quercus prinus [E. U.S.] Salix babylonica [China] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 SE. Asia—Solms-Laubach Quercus rubra [E. N. America] 1875 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Macrosolen formosus (Blume) Miq. Quercus stellata [E. U.S.] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Java—Entwistle 1972 Quercus velutina [E. U.S.] Muellerina celastroides (Seib. Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 ex Schult. & Schult.) Tiegh. (Behr.) Tiegh. Crataegus oxyacantha [Europe] Citrus limon [SE. Asia] Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Zimmer 1959 Magnolia grandiflora [SE. U.S.] Cytisus proliferus [Canary Australia—Blakely 1922b Islands] Nerium oleander [Mediterran- Australia—Zimmer 1959 ean, Orient] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Australia—Blakely 1922b ranean, Orient] Pinus radiata [California] Australia—Barlow 1963 Australia—Blakely 1922b Nicotiania glauca [S. America] Platanus orientalis [SE. Europe New South Wales, Austra- W. Asia] lia—Morris 1922 Australia—Blakely 1922^ Olea europaea [SE. Europe] Prunus pérsica [China]

10 Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Blakely 1922b Pyrus communis [Europe, Asia] [Europe, N. Australia—Blakely 1922b Africa, W. Asia] Quercus robur [Europe, N. Australia—Blakely 1922b Africa, W. Asia] Salix babylonica [China] Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Blakely 1922b Quercus virginiana [SE. U.S.] Viburnum odoratissimum [S. Australia—Blakely 1922b Asia, Japan] Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Blakely 1922b Nuytsia floribunda (Labill.) Salix babylonica [China] R. Br. Australia—Blakely 1922b Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Schinus molle [S. America] Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Blakely 1922b Cytisus proliferus [Canary IVluellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Islands] Barlow Australia—Blakely 1922b Betula papyrifera [N. America] Daucus carota [Europe] Australia—Hamilton and Australia—Blakely 1922b Barlow 1963 Geranium sp. Carya illinoensis [E. North Australia—Blakely 1922b America] Rosa sp. [Europe, Asia] Australia—Blakely 1922b Australia—Blakely 1922b Crataegus oxyacantha [Europe] Rumex acetosella [Europe, Australia—Blakely 1922b Asia] Cytisus proliferus [Canary Australia—Blakely 1922b Islands] [N. Africa, SW. Australia—Blakely 1922b Asia] Juglans cinérea [E. North Oryctanthus sp. America] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Australia—Blakely 1922b Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Magnolia grandiflora [SE. U.S.] Oryctanthus cordifolius (Presl) Australia—Blakely 1922b Urban Pinus radiata [California] Citrus sp. [S. Asia] New South Wales, Austra- Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b lia—New South Wales 1964 Platanus orientalis [SE. Europe, Oryctanthus occidentalis (L.) Eichl. W. Asia] Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Australia—Blakely 1922b Quercus alba [E. North Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b America] Coffea sp. Australia—Blakely 1922b Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Quercus bicolor [N.E. North Peraxilla colensoi (Hook.) Tiegh. Crataegus sp. America] Australia—Blakely 1922b New Zealand—Thompson Quercus lusitanica [, 1922 ] Pyrus communis [Europe, Asia] New Zealand—Allan 1961 2 Hamilton and Barlow (1963) suggest Robinia pseudoacacia [E. that the mistletoe on this host is United States] probably not Muellerina celastroides. New Zealand—Allan 1961

11 Rosa sp. United States, Florida— New Zealand-Alian 1961 Rhoads 1943 Phoradendron sp. Ginkgo biloba [China] Euphorbia neriifolia [E. Indies] United States—Yamaguchi Dominican Republic— 1948 Etheridge^ Malus sylvestris [Europe, Persea americana [Mexico, W. Asia] Cent. America] United States—Hedgcock Mexico—Zen tmeyer 1952 1915 Prunus amygdalus [W. Asia] Melia azedarach [S. Asia] Puerto Rico—Quintance and United States—Hedgcock Baker 1913 1915 Tectona grandis [S. Asia] Prunus cerasus [W. Asia, SE. Trinidad-Trinidad & Europe] Tobago 1954 United States—Hedgcock Phoradendron californicum Nutt. 1915 Tamarix sp. Prunus domestica [Eurasia] United States, California— United States—Florida^ Munz 1935 Prunus hortulana [Cent. East- Phoradendron crassifolium Eichl. ern United States] Coffea sp. United States, Florida— Guadalupe—Stehle 1954 Rhoads 1944 Phoradendron heironymi Trel. Púnica granatum [S. Asia] Melia azedarach [S. Asia] United States—Trelease 1916 Pyrus communis {Europe, Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Asia] Púnica granatüm [S. Asia] United States, North Carolina Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 — Baldwin and Speese 1957 Phoradendron piperoides (H.B.K.) United States, Florida- Trel. Weber 1938 Theobroma cacao [S. America] Ulmus pumila [Asia] Costa Rica-Kuijt 1964b United States, Florida— Phoradendron pruinosum Urban Rhoads 1944 Melia azedarach [S. Asia] Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Engelm. subsp. macro- Phoradendron quadrangulare phyllum (Engehn.) Wiens Krug & Urban Cinnamomum camphora [Tropi- Prunus pérsica [China] Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 cal Asia to Japan] Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) United States, California^ M.C. Johnst. Diospyros kaki [Japan, China] Cinnamomum camphora [Tropi- United States, California— cal Asia to Japan] Condit 1940 United States, Florida— Rhoads 1943 Elaeagnus umbellata [China, ^ Collection in U.S. Forest Service Japan] Mistletoe Herbarium, Fort Collins, Colorado. ^ Personal communication, 1972. D.E. Etheridge, Pacific Forest Re- ^ Collection in herbarium at Rancho search Center, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Santa Ana, Claremont, California.

12 Dio spy ros lotus [Asia] Sapindus marginatus [SE. United States, California— United States] Condit 1940 W. United States-Hedg- Diospyros virginiana [E. United cock 1915 States] Ulmus americana [E. N. United States, California— America] Condit 1940 W. United States—Yamagu- Fraxinus americana [E. N. chi 1948 America] Ulmus pumila [Asia] W. United States—Hedgcock United States, Arizona- 1915 Streets 1969 Gleditsia triacanthos [E. U.S.] Phoradendron tomentosum United States, New Mexico^ subsp. tomentosum (DC.) Juglans nigra [E. United States] Engelm. United States, California— Broussonetia papyrifera [E. Gräser 1952 Asia] Juglans regia [SE. Europe, United States, Texas—U.S. Asia] Department of Agriculture United States, California— 1960 Gräser 1952 United States, Texas—Bray Madura pomífera [S. U.S.] 1910 W. United States—Trelease Melia azedarach [S. Asia] 1916 United States, Texas—Bray Malus sylvestris [SE. Europe, 1910 W. Asia] Prunus domestica [Europe, United States—Hedgcock Asia] 1915 United States, Texas—U.S. Prunus amygdalus [W. Asia] Department of Agriculture United States, California— 1960 Bodine 1945 Pyrus communis [Europe, Prunus domestica [W. Asia, Asia] Europe] United States, Texas-U.S. United States, Arizona- Department of Agriculture Streets 1969 1960 Prunus simonii [China] Malus sylvestris [Europe, United States, California— S. Asia] O'Gara 1910 Sapindus marginatus [SE. Púnica granatum [S. Asia] U.S.] United States, Arizona- United States, Texas—Bray Harris 1934 1910 Pyrus communis [S. Europe, Phoradendron trinervium (Lam.) Asia] Grieb. W. United States—Hedgcock Citrus sp. [S. Asia] 1915 Antilles-Stehle 1954 Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) W. United States—Hedgcock Nutt. subsp. villosum 1915 Prunus pérsica [China] Salix hahylonica [China] ^ Unpublished observations at Las W. United States, New Cruces, New Mexico—F.G. Hawks- Mexico^ worth.

13 United States—Trelease 1916 British Guiana—Harrison Robinia pseudoacacia [E. et al. 1916 United States] British Guiana—Bancroft California—Cannon 1901 1918 Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Psittacanthus sp. Balle Hevea sp. Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] Guatemala—Wellman 1964 Tropical Africa-Balle 1958 Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) Coffea sp. G. Don Tropical Africa—Balle 1958 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Hevea brasiliensis [S. America] Mexico—Standley 1922 Tropical Africa-Baile 1958 Cent. America—Uphof 1937 Manihot glaziovii [S. America] Citrus sinensis [S. China] Tropical Africa-Baile 1958 Yucatan, Mexico—Gándara Melia azedarach [S. Asia] 1920 Tropical Africa-Baile 1958 Coffea arabica [Africa] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Cent. America—Wellman Tropical Africa—Baile 1958 1961 Ghana—Room 1973 Nerium oleander [Mediter- Phragmanthera leonensis ranean, Orient] (Sprague) Baile Mexico—Standley 1922 Psidium guajava [Tropical Olea europaea [SE. Europe] America] Mexico—Standley 1922 Tropical Africa-Baile 1958 Prunus pérsica [China] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Mexico—Standley 1922 Ghana—Room 1973 Psittacanthus cuneifolius (R. Phthirusa sp. & Pav.) G. Don Tectona grandis [S, Asia] Gleditsia triacanthos [E. U.S.] Trinidad—Ross 1959 S. America—Guzman 1971 Malus sylvestris [Europe, Phthirusa caribaea (Krug & W. Asia] Urban) Engl. Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Prunus pérsica [China] U.S. Virgin Islands—D'Arcy Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 1967 Púnica granatum [S. Asia] Phthirusa pyrifolia (H.B.K.) Eichl. Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Pyrus communis [Europe, Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Asia] Coffea sp. Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 ranean, Orient] Chile—Tain ter and French Costa Rica—Kuijt 1966 1971 Scurrula atropurpúrea (Bl.) Púnica granatum [S. Asia] Dans. Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Phthirusa theobromae Eichl. Java—Doctors Van Leevwen Citrus sp. [S. Asia] 1954 Trinidad—Thoday 1961 Scurrula ferruginea (Jacks) Citrus aurantifolia [S. Asia] Dans.

14 Casuarina equisetifolia Citrus sp. [S. Asia] [Australia] Mexico—Standley 1922 Malaya-Sands 1924 Struthanthus dichotrianthus Ceiba pentrandra [Tropical Eichl. America] Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] Malaya-Sands 1924 Trinidad-Nowell 1923 Citrus grandis [Malaysia] Struthanthus haenkeanus (Presl) Malaya-Sands 1924 Standl. Citrus medica [SW. Asia] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Malaya-Sands 1924 ranean, Orient] Manihot esculenta [S. America] Mexico-Standley 1922 Malaya—Sands 1924 Struthanthus marginatus (Desr.) Persea americana [Mexico, Blume Bambusa vulgaris [Tropical Central America] Malaya—Sands 1924 Asia] Brazil—Rizzini 1951 Psidium guajava [Tropical Brazil-Heil 1927 America] Malaya-Sands 1924 Casuarina sp. [Australia, S. Pacific] Púnica granatum [S. Asia] Costa Rica-Kuijt 1964b Malaya—Sands 1924 Guatemala'^ Scurrula parasitica L. Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Citrus grandis [Malaysia] Costa Rica-Kuijt 1964b India—Fischer 1926 Cupressus sempervirens [S. Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] Europe] India—Sharma 1952 Brazil—Rizzini 1952 Eucalyptus globulus [Austra- Pandanus utilis [Madagascar] lia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Brazil—Rizzini 1951 Struthanthus microphyllus Scurrula philippesnis (Cham. & (H.B.K.) G. Don Schlecht.) G. Don Thevetia peruviana [Tropical Citrus sp. [S. Asia] America] Philippines—Fawcett 1936 Mexico—Lea ven worth 1946 Struthanthus sp. Hevea sp. [S. America] Struthanthus oerstedii (Oliv.) Guatemala—Wellman 1964 Standl. & Cald. Struthanthus concinnus Mart. Prunus pérsica [China] Bambusa vulgaris [Tropical Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Asia] Struthanthus orbicularis Brazil-Usteri 1906 (H.B.K.) Blume Cupressus sempervirens [S. Casuarina sp. [Australia, S. Europe] Pacific] Brazil —Rizzini 1952 Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Struthanthus costaricensis Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Standl. Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Cupressus lusitanica var. Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b benthamii [Mexico] Coffea sp. Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b ^ Collection in U.S. Forest Service Struthanthus densiflorus (Benth.) Mistletoe Herbarium, Fort Collins, Standl. Colorado. 15 Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Carica papaya [Tropical Grevillea robusta [Australia] America] Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Struthanthus polystachyus 1961 (Ruiz& Pav.) Blume Ceiba pentandra [Tropical Eucalyptus sp. [Australia] America] Costa Rica—Kuijt 1964b Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Struthanthus uraguayensis 1961 Hauman Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 1961 Struthanthus vulgaris Mart. Prunus amygdalus [W. Asia] Pandanus utilis [Madagascar] Ivory Coast—Balle and Brazil—Rizzini 1951 Halle 1961 Tapinanthus sp. Psidium guajava [Tropical [S. Asia] America] Nigeria—Gibson 1967 Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Tapinanthus albizziae (de Wild.) 1961 Dans. Theobroma cacao [S. America] Coffea sp. Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Zaire-Balle 1948 1961 Hevea sp. [S. America] Tapinanthus brunneus (Engl.) Zaire-Balle 1948 Dans. Manihot sp. [S. America] Morus alba [China] Zaire-Balle 1948 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. Tapinanthus buntingii (Sprague) & Krause) Dans. Dans. Casuarina sp. [Australia] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Ghana—Room 1973 1961 Tapinanthus buvumae (Rendle) Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Dans. Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Coffea sp. 1961 Zaire-Balle 1948 Coffea liherica [W. Africa] Tapinanthus capitatus (Spreng.) Dans. Tropical W. Africa—Balle 1958 Aleurites moluccana [SE. Manihot glaziovii [S. America] Asia] Tropical W. Africa—Balle Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle 1958 1961 Persea americana [S. America] Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Ghana—Irvine 1961 1961 Coffra sp. Theobroma cacao [S. America] Zaire-Balle 1948 Coast—Entwistle 1972 Crotón tiglium [SE. Asia] Ghana—Room 1973 Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle 1961 Tropical W. Africa—Balle 1958 Zaire-Balle 1948 Mangifera sp. Tapinanthus belvisii (DC.) Ghana—Irvine 1961 Dans. Manihot glaziovii [S. America]

16 Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Tapinanthus farmari (Sprague) 1961 Dans. Zaire-Balle 1948 Theobroma cacao [S. America] Persea americana [Mexico, Ghana—Room 1973 Central America] Tapinanthus globifer (A. Rich.) Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Tiegh. 1961 Gardenia thunbergii [S. Africa] Tectona sp. [S. Asia] Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Ghana—Irvine 1961 1961 Theobroma cacao [S. America] Melia azedarach [S. Asia] Zaire-Balle 1948 Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Tapinanthus chungwensis (R.E. 1961 Fries) Dans. Tapinanthus glomeratus (Engl.) Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Dans. Zaire-Balle 1948 Morus alba [China] Citrus limon [SE. Asia] Zaire—Balle 1948 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus holstii (Engl.) Tapinanthus discolor (Schinz) Dans. Dans. Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Coffea sp. Tanzania—Brenan 1949 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus irebuensis (de Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Wild.) Dans. (DC.) Dans. Melia azedarach [S. Asia] Ceiba sp. [Tropical America] Zaire-Balle 1948 Tropical W. Africa—Balle Tapinanthus kanguensis (Balle) 1958 Balle Ceiba pentandra [Tropical Theobroma cacao [S. America] America] Zaire—Balle 1948 Ivory Coast—Balle and Tapinanthus kisantuensis (de Halle 1961 Wild. & Dur.) Dans. Tamarindus indica [S. Asia] Theobroma cacao [S. America] Tropical W. Africa—Balle Zaire—Balle 1948 1958 Tapinanthus kivuensis (Balle) Tapinanthus eminii (Engl.) Balle Dans. Mimosa sp. Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Zaire—Balle 1948 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus lacinatus (Engl.) Morus indica [S. Asia] Dans. Zaire-Balle 1948 Citrus medica [SW. Asia] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Tanzania—Brenan 1949 ranean, Orient] Tapinanthus mangheensis (de Zaire-Balle 1948 Wild.) Dans. Populus deltoides [N. America] Manihot glaziovii [S. America] Zaire-Balle 1948 Tropical Africa—Sprague Tapinanthus erianthus (Sprague) 1913 Dans. Tapinanthus marginatus (de Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Wild.) Dans. Zaire-Balle 1948 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Eucalyptus sp. [Australia] Zaire-Balle 1948 Zaire—Balle 1948 Theobroma cacao [S. America]

17 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus sansibarensis Tapinanthus ogowensis (Engl.) (Engl.) Dans. Dans. Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Tanzania—Brenan 1949 Zaire-Balle 1948 Mozambique—Sprague 1913 Citrus limon [SE. Asia] Citrus medica [SW. Asia] Zaire-Balle 1948 Ethiopia—Cufodontis 1953 Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] Mozambique—Sprague 1913 Zaire-Balle 1948 Tapinanthus sereti (de Wild.) Coffea sp. Dans. Zaire-Balle 1948 Citrus sp. [S. Asia] Hevea sp. [Brazil] Zaire-Balle 1948 Zaire-Balle 1948 Hevea brasiliensis [Brazil] Persea americana [Mexico, Cen- Zaire-Balle 1948 tral America] Peresa americana [Mexico, Cen- Zaire-Balle 1948 tral America] Psidium- guajava [Tropical Zaire-Balle 1948 America] Tapinanthus sigensis (Engl.) Zaire-Balle 1948 Dans. Theobroma cacao [S. America] Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Zaire-Balle 1948 Tanzania—Brenan 1949 Tapinanthus pentagonia (DC.) Tapinanthus usiensis (Oliv.) Tiegh. Dans. Ceiba sp. [Tropical America] Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Tropical W. Africa—Balle Uganda-Small 1923 1958 Tapinanthus warneckei (Engl.) Ceiba pentandra [Tropical Dans. America] Nerium oleander [Mediter- Ghana-Irvine 1961 ranean, Orient] Nerium oleander [Mediter- W. Africa-Balle 1958 ranean, Orient] Taxillus cuneatus (Roth) Dans. Sudan—Berhaut 1967 Acacia sp. [Australia] Tapinanthus quinquenervis India-Fischer 1926 (Höchst.) Dans. Coffea arabica [N. Africa] Barringtonia acutangula [Indo- India-Fischer 1926 nesia] Prunus pérsica [China] South Africa—Van der Bijl India-Fischer 1926 1920 Taxillus recurvus (DC.) Brunfelsia macrophylla [Brazil] Tiegh. South Africa—Van der Bijl Acacia sp. [Australia] 1920 India-Fischer 1926 Elaeodendron glaucum [Asia] Taxillus sclerophyllus (Thw.) South Africa—Van der Bijl Dans. 1920 Cinnamomum sp. Ilex paraguariensis [S. America] Sri Lanka—Narayanan South Africa—Van der Bijl Citrus sp. [S. Asia] 1920 Polyalthia suberosa [Asia] ^ Personal communication, 1974. South Africa—Van der Bijl R. Narayana, University of Agricul- 1920 tural Sciences, Bangalore, India.

18 Sri Lanka—Narayana® & Pav.) Barlow & Wiens Rhododendron arboreum Malus sylvestris [Europe, W. [Himalayas] Asia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Taxillus tomentosus (Roth) Prunus pérsica [China] Tiegh. Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Acacia sp. [Australia] Tupeía antárctica Cham. & India—Fischer 1926 Schlecht. Taxillus yadorki (Maxim.) Cytisus proliferus [Canary Dans. Islands] Psidium guajava [Cent. New Zealand—Allan 1961 America] Viscum album L. China-Chiu 1941 Abies amabilis [NW. North Tolypanthus involucratus (Roxb.) America] Tiegh. Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] Abies balsamea [N. America] India—Sharma 1952 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Tripodanthus acutifolius ( Ruiz Abies concolor [W. U.S.] &Pav.) Tiegh. Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Citrus reticulata [SE. Asia] Abies firma [Japan] Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Pyrus communis [Europe, Asia] Abies fraseri [E. U.S.] Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Tristerix tetrandrus (Ruiz & Pav.) Abies grandis [W. N. America] Mart. Germany*—Tubeuf 1923 Olea europaea [SE. Europe] Abies homolepis [Japan] Chile-Urban 1934 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Platanus sp. Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica Chile-Urban 1934 [W. U.S.] Populus sp. Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Argentina—Abbiatti 1946 Acer heldreichii [SE. Europe] Chile—Tainter and French Germany—Boemer 1955-56 1971 Acer lobelii [Italy] Populus nigra var. itálica Germany—Boerner 1955-56 [Europe] Acer miyabei [Japan] S. America—Kummerow and Germany—Boemer 1955-56 Matte 1960 Acer monspessulanum [S. Prunus domestica [W. Asia, Europe, W. Asia] Europe] -Tubeuf 1923 Argentina—Diem 1950 Acer negundo [N. America] Chile-Urban 1934 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Prunus pérsica [China] Acer nigrum [E. N. America] Chile-Urban 1934 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Czechoslovakia—Tubeuf Chile-Urban 1934 1923 Salix sp. Acer rubrum [E. North Argentina—Diem 1950 America] Salix babylonica [China] England-Tubeuf 1923 Chile-Urban 1934 France—Florance 1914 Tristerix verticillatus ( Ruiz Germany—Tubeuf 1923 19 Hungary—Tubeuf 1923 Aronia prunifolia [E. N. Poland-Blonski 1904 America] Acer rufinerve [Japan] Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Poland-Blonski 1904 Acer saccharinum [E. North Azalea mollis [E. Asia] America] England—Nicholson 1932 Czechoslovakia— Tubeuf Betula alleghaniensis [E. N. 1923 America] France—Florance 1914 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Hungary—Roth 1926 Betula caerulea-grandis [NE. Poland-Blonski 1904 N. America] Acer saccharum [E. N. America] Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Betula lenta [E. U.S.] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Acer spicatum [E. N. America] Betula maximowicziana Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 [Japan] Acer tataricum [SE. Europe, Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 W. Asia] Betula nigra [E. U.S.] Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Aesculus californica (Calif.) Betula papyrifera [N. America] France—Florance 1914 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Aesculus glabra [E. U.S.] France-Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Holland-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Boj arczuk 1971 France-Tubeuf 1923 Betula péndula [Europe, Asia Aesculus hippocastanum Minor] [SE. Europe] Poland—Boj arczuk 1971 England-Tubeuf 1923 Betula populifolia [E. N. France—Florance 1914 America] Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 France—Florance 1914 Aesculus octandra [E. U.S.] Caragana arborescens Lam. France-Tubeuf 1923 [NE. Asia] Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Carpinus caroliniana [E. North Aesculus pavia [SE. U.S.] America] England—Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Holland—Tubeuf 1923 Carpinus orientalis [SE. Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Europe, Asia Minor] Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 France-Bedel 1933-34 Carya Cordiformis [E. N. Poland-Blonski 1904 America] Ailanthus altissima [China] Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Amelanchier arbórea [E. U.S.] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Carya glabra [E. U.S.] Amelanchier Y^spicata France—Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 France—Florance 1914 angustifolia [Brazil] Carya ovata [E. N. America] Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Boerner 1955-56

20 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 England-Tubeuf 1923 Carya tomentosa [E. U.S.] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Cotoneaster simonsii Catalpa bignonioides [E. N. [Himalayas] America] Holland*-Tubeuf 1923 England—Nicholson 1932 Crataegus azarólas [S. Europe, Cedrus atlántica [N. Africa] N. Africa, W. Asia] Germany-Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Cedrus libanensis [Asia Minor] France—Florance 1914 Greece-Tubeuf 1923 Crataegus celsiana [SE. Celtis australis [Mediterranean, Europe] Asia Minor] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Crataegus chrysocarpa [N. Celtis occidentalis [N. America] America] Czechoslovakia—Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Crataegus crus-galli [E. N. France—Gentry 1932 America] France-Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 France—Florance 1914 Poland—Blonski 1904 Celtis tournefortii [SE. Europe, Crataegus flava [SE. U.S.] Asia Minor] Germany—Boerner 1955-56 France—Florance 1914 Crataegus mollis [E. U.S.] France-Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 [E. N. Ceratonia siliqua [E. Medi- America] terranean] England—Nicholson 1932 Italy-Tubeuf 1923 Cecocarpus breviflorus [SW. Crataegus orientalis [SE. U.S., Mexico] Europe, W. Asia] Germany—Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Chaenomeles lagenaria [China] Crataegus pedicellata [E. N. France—Florance 1914 America] France—Gentry 1932 France—Florance 1914 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 France—Gentry 1932 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Ciadas tris lútea [E. U.S.] Crataegus phaenopyrum England-Tubeuf 1923 [E. U.S.] Cornus florida [E. N. America] Germany* - Tubeuf 1923 Crataegus pune tata [E. N. France—Florance 1914 America] Corylus cornuta [N. America] Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Crataegus sanguínea [Siberia] Cotoneaster horizontalis Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 [China] Crataegus succulenta [E. N. Switzerland—Schenk 1951 America] Cotoneaster multiflora [Spain Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 to China] Crataegus tanacetifolia [Asia Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Minor] Cotoneaster racemiflora England-Tubeuf 1923 [S. Europe, N. Africa, Crataegus uniflora [E. U.S.] W. Asia] America] 21 Poland-Blonski 1904 Juglans nigra [E. U.S.] Crataegus virdis [E. U.S.] Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Czechoslovakia—Tubeuf 1923 Cydonia oblonga [Central England-Tubeuf 1923 Asia] France-Tubeuf 1923 Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Davidia vilmoriniana [W. China] Hungary—Tubeuf 1923 England—Nicholson 1932 Luxenborg—Tubeuf 1923 Diospyros virginiana [E. U.S.] Switzerland—Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Eucalyptus globulus Juglans regia [SE. Europe, [Australia] Asia] Belgium* —Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Ficus carica [Asia Minor] Switzerland—Hess 1920 Belgium*-Tubeuf 1923 Juniperus virginiana [E. N. Fraxinus americana [E. North America] America] Germany—Spaulding 1956 Czechoslovakia—Tubeuf 1923 Laburnum alpinum [S. Europe] France—Florance 1914 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Larix leptolepis [Japan] Holland-Tubeuf 1923 Austria—Tubeuf 1923 Hungary—Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Blonski 1904 Ligustrum quihoui [China] Fraxinus chinensis [NE. Asia] France-Bedel 1933-34 Poland—Bo jarczak 1971 Liriodendron tulipifera [E. U.S.] Fraxinus ornus [S. Europe, Germany—Kreh 1958 W. Asia] France—Florance 1914 England-Tubeuf 1923 Madura pomífera [S. U.S.] France—Florance 1914 France—Gentry 1932 Fraxinus pennsylvanica [N. Magnolia tripétala [E. U.S.] America] France* — Florance 1914 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Magnolia virginiana [E. U.S.] Poland—Bo jarczak 1971 England—Nicholson 1932 Ginkgo biloba [China] Malus angustifolia [E. U.S.] Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Gleditsia triacanthos [E. U.S.] Malus baccata [NE. Asia] Germany—Tubeuf 1923 France—Gentry 1932 Poland—Blonski 1904 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Juglans ailantifolia [Japan] England-Tubeuf 1923 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Juglans cinérea [E. N. America] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 France-Tubeuf 1923 Malus coronaria [E. N. Germany—Tubeuf 1923 America] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Juglans mandshurica [E. Asia] Malus diversifolia [W. N. Germany—Boerner 1955-56 America] Juglans microcarpa [SW. Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 U.S., NE. Mexico] Malus floribunda [Japan] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923

22 Malus niedzwetzkyana [Asia] England—Nicholson 1932 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Platanus occidentalis [E. N. Malus prunifolia [NE. Asia] America] England-Tubeuf 1923 England—Nicholson 1932 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Populus angulata [N. America] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 France-Tubeuf 1923 Malus sieboldii [Japan] France—Florance 1914 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Switzerland-Tubeuf 1923 Malus spectabilis [China] Poland-Blonski 1904 Belgium*-Tubeuf 1923 Populus balsamifera [N. France-Gentry 1932 America] Malus sylvestris [SE. Europe, Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Cent. Asia] Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Poland-Blonski 1904 Morus alba [China] Populus nigra [Europe] France—Florance 1914 Poland-Blonski 1904 Morus nigra [W. Asia] Populus y^canadensis [E. N. France—Florance 1914 America] Nerium oleander [Mediter- France—Florance 1914 ranean, Orient] Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 Holland-Tubeuf 1923 France-Tubeuf 1923 Poland-Blonski 1904 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Switzerland-Tubeuf 1923 Olea europaea [SE. Europe] Populus deltoides [N. America] Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Photinia serrulata [China] Germany-Tubeuf 1923 England—Nicholson 1932 France—Florance 1914 Picea mariana [N. N. America] Poland-Blonski 1904 England—Nicholson 1932 Populus laurifolia [Siberia] Picea pungens [W. U.S.] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Populus maximowiczii [Siberia, Picea sitchensis [W. N. Japan] America] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany—Spaulding 1956 Populus nigra var. itálica Pinus banksiana [N. N. [Europe] America] France—Florance 1914 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Populus simonii [China] Pinus contorta [W. N. America] Germany-Tubeuf 1923 Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Pinus resinosa [NE. N. Populus tremuloides [N. America] America] Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Pinus strobus [N. America] Populus trichocarpa [W. N. Germany-Tubeuf 1923 America] Poland-Blonski 1904 Poland-Olaczek 1960 Pinus thunbergiana [Japan] Populus wilsonii Schneid. Germany*-Tubeuf 1923 [China] Pistacia terebinthus [Mediter- Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 ranean] Prunus amygdalus [W. Asia]

23 Tyrol-Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Prunus cerasus [W. Asia, Germany—Tubeuf 1923 SE. Europe] Poland-Blonski 1904 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Robinia pseudoacacia [E. France—Florance 1914 U.S.] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Austria—Tubeuf 1923 Prunus cocomilia [Italy] Belgium-Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Czechslovakia—Tubeuf 1923 Prunus domestica [W. Asia, England-Tubeuf 1923 Europe] France—Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Holland—Tubeuf 1923 Prunus maackii [Manchuria] Hungary—Roth 1926 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Italy-Tubeuf 1923 Prunus mahaleb [SE. Europe, Luxenborg—Tubeuf 1923 Caucasus] Poland—Blonski 1904 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Switzerland—Tubeuf 1923 France—Florance 1914 Rosa Setigera [E. U.S.] Prunus pérsica [China] Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 Salix alba var. vitellina France—Florance 1914 [Europe, N. Africa, Cen- Prunus serrulata [Japan, tral Asia] China] France—Florance 1914 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Salix babylonica [China] Prunus ussuriensis [Japan] France—Gentry 1932 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 England—Tubeuf 1923 Prunus virginiana [N. America] France—Florance 1914 France—Florance 1914 Hungary—Roth 1926 Pseudotsuga menziesii [W. N. America] Salix lucida [E. N. America] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Italy-Tubeuf 1923 Sophora japónica [China] Pyrus betulaefolia [China] France—Florance 1914 Germany* —Tubeuf 1923 alnifolia [SE. Asia, Pyrus calleryana [China] Japan] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany—Boerner 1955-56 Pyrus pyrifolia [China] Sorbus americana [E. N. Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 America] Quercus coccínea [E. U.S.] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Sorbus aria [Europe] Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 England—Tubeuf 1923 Quercus palustris [E. U.S.] Sorbus decora [E. N. America] France—Tubeuf 1923 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 Germany—Florance 1914 Syringa amurensis [Manchuria, Quercus phellos [E. U.S.] China] France—Florance 1914 Poland—Bojarczuk 1971 France-Tubeuf 1923 Syringa pekinensis [China] Poland—Blonski 1904 Holland*-Tubeuf 1923 Quercus rubra [E. North Syringa pérsica [Asia] America] England—Tubeuf 1923 England-Tubeuf 1923 Syringa vulgaris [SE. Europe,

24 Asia Minor] Zaire-Balle 1948 France—Florance 1914 Viscum cruciatum Willd. Tamarix sp. Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S.] Great Britain-Thoday 1951 Palestine—Zohary 1966 americana [E. N. America] Viscum farafanganensis Lecomte France—Tubeuf 1923 Prunus pérsica [China] France—Florance 1914 Malagasy Republic—Bouri- Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 quet 1946 Tilia caroliniana [SE. U.S.] Viscum heyneaenum DC. France—Florance 1914 Ouratea angustifolia [Tropical Tilia cordata [Europe] Asia to Philippines] Poland—Olaczek 1960 Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Tilia Xeuchlora [SE. Europe, Viscum orientale Willd. Caucasus] Citrus grandis [Malaysia] France—Florance 1914 India—Fischer 1926 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Viscum ramosissimum Wall. Tilia heterophylla [E. U.S.] Rhododendron arboreum [Him- France—Gentry 1932 alayas] Tilia mandshurica [NE. Asia] Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Germany—Tubeuf 1923 Viscum trachycarpum Baker Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Nerium oleander [Mediter- Tilia mongólica [JVIongolia, ranean, Orient] China] Malagasy Republic—Balle Germany—Boemer 1955-56 1960 Tilia tomentosa [SE. Europe, "Mistletoe" W. Asia] Alnus glutinosa [Europe, N. Belgium -Tubeuf 1923 Africa, Asia] France—Florance 1914 Australia—Turner 1895 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Camellia sinensis [China, India] Ulmus americana [E. N. Malawi—Harler 1949 America] Citrus aurantium [S. Asia] Germany—Tubeuf 1930 Australia—Turner 1895 Poland—Bo jarczuk 1971 Crataegus oxyacantha [Europe] Vitis vinifera [Caucasus, India] Australia—Turner 1895 France—Florance 1914 Cydonia oblonga [Central Zelkova carpinifolia [Caucasus] Asia] France-Tubeuf 1923 Australia—Turner 1885 Viscum articula turn Burm. Gleditsia triacanthos [E. U.S.] Prunus pérsica [China] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Illicium anisatum [China, Viscum ceibarum Balle Japan] Ceiba pentandra [Tropical Australia—Turner 1895 America] Juglans cinérea [E. N. Malagasy Republic—Balle America] 1960 Australia—Turner 1895 Viscum congolense de Wild. Juglans regia [SE. Europe, Hevea hrasiliensis [S. America] Asia] Tropical Africa—Balle 1958 Australia—Turner 1895 Ivory Coast—Balle and Halle Malus sy lues tris [Europe, 1961 W. Asia]

25 Australia—Turner 1895 Quercus lusitanica [Spain, Nerium oleander [Mediter- Portugal] ranean, Orient] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Quercus ro6ur [Europe, N. Olea europaea [SE. Europe] Africa, W. Asia] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Pinus patula [Mexico] Robinia pseudoacacia [E. U.S. Sri Lanka—Weeraratna 1960 Australia—Turner 1895 Platanus orientalis [SE. Europe, India-Bidie 1874 W. Asia] Salix babylonica [China] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Prunus domestica [W. Asia, Sapium sebiferum [China] Europe] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Ulmus glabra [Europe, W. Prunus pérsica [China] Asia] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 Quercus coccinealE. U.S.] Zelkova serrata [Japan] Australia—Turner 1895 Australia—Turner 1895 HOST INDEX OF MISTLETOES This section is an index of the host-parasite combinations Usted in the previous section. The scientific name, author, and common name (if available) of each host are given along with the mistletoes reported on that host. Records of unnamed "mistletoes" are cited if there are no other records.

Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes (Merr.) Lemm. corkbark Pacific silver fir Viscum album Viscum album Acacia sp. [Australia] acacia Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Helixanthera wallichiana balsam fir Taxillus cuneatus Viscum album Taxillus recurvus Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Taxillus tomentosas Lindl. white fir Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Viscum album sweet acacia Abies firma Sieb. & Zuce. Dendrophthoe falcata momi fir Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Viscum album blackwood acacia Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Dendroththoe falcata Fraser fir Elytranthe parasítica Viscum album Loranthus sp. Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. Acer heldreichii Orph. grand fir Balkan Viscum album Viscum album Abies homolepis Sieb. & Zuce. Acer lobelii Ten. Lobel maple Nikko fir Viscum album Viscum album Acer miyabei Maxim. Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica Miyabe maple

26 Viscum album "Mistletoe" Acer monspessulanum L. Amelanchier arbórea (Michx. f.) Montpelier maple Fern. downy serviceberry Viscum album Viscum album Acer negundo L. boxelder Amelanchier Xspicata (Lam.) Viscum album K. Koch Acer nigrum Michx. f. Viscum album black maple Anacardium occidentale L. Viscum album cashew Acer rubrum L. red maple Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis Viscum album Dendrophthoe pentandra Acer rufinerve Sieb. & Zuce. Macrosolen cochinchinensis redvein maple Annona cherimolia Mill. Viscum album cherimoya Acer saccharinum L. silver maple Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Annona reticulata L. Acer saccharum Marsh. custard- sugar maple Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Acer spicatum Lam. Annona squamosa L. sugar apple mountain maple Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Aralia leptophylla Hort, ex Acer tataricum L. Truff. Tatarian maple Erianthemum dregei Viscum album Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. Kuntze Parana- California buckeye Viscum album Viscum album Aronia prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd. Aesculus glabra Willd. chokeberry Ohio buckeye Viscum album Viscum album Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Aesculus hippocastanum L. margosa horsechestnut Tapinanthus sp. Viscum album Azalea mollis Miq. Aesculus octandra Marsh. Japanese azalea yellow buckeye Viscum album Viscum album Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Aesculus pavia L. red buckeye common bamboo Viscum album Struthanthus concinnus Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Struthanthus marginatus Swingle ailanthus Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. Viscum album chee barringtonia Ailanthus malabarica DC. Erianthemum dregei Erianthemum dregei Tapinanthus quinquenervis Aleurites moluccana Willd. Betula alleghaniensis Britten candlenut yellow Erianthemum dregei Viscum album Tapinanthus capitatus Betula caerulea-grandis Blanch. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. blueleaf birch European Viscum album

27 Betula lenta L. sweet birch Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch Viscum album shagbark hickory Betula maximowicziana Reg. Viscum album monarch birch Carya tomentosa Nutt. Viscum album mockemut hickory Betula nigra L. river birch Viscum album Viscum album Cassia siamea Lam. Betula papyrifera Marsh. Siamese cassia paper birch Erianthemum dregei Casuarina sp. casuarina Viscum, album, Struthanthus orbicularis Betula péndula Roth Struthanthus marginatus European white birch Tapinanthus bangwensis Viscum album, Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Betula populifolia Marsh. Dendrophthoe falcata gray birch Casuarina equisetifolia L. Viscum album, horsetail casuarina Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Dendrophthoe falcata Brazil bougainvillea Erianthemum dregei Dendrophthoe falcata Macrosolen cochinchinensis Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Scurrula ferruginea Vent. paper-mulberry Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Phoradendron tomentosum southern catalpa subsp. tomentosum Viscum album Brunfelsia macrophylla Benth. Cedrela odorata L. Tapinanthus quinquenervis cigarbox cedrela Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Erianthemum dregei "Mistletoe" tea Cedrus atlántica Manetti Caragana arborescens Lam. Atlas cedar pea-tree Viscum album Viscum album. Cedrus libanensis Juss. cedar-of- Carica papaya L. papaya Viscum album Tapinanthus belvisii Ceiba sp. kapok Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Tapinanthus dodoneifolius American Tapinanthus pentagonia Viscum album Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Carpinus orientalis Mill. kapok oriental hornbeam Dendrophthoe grandifrons Viscum album Dendrophthoe pentandra Carya cordiformis (Wang.) Macrosolen cochinchinensis K. Koch bitternut hickory Scurrula ferruginea Viscum album Tapinanthus belvisii Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet Tapinanthus dodoneifolius pignut hickory Tapinanthus pentagonia Viscum album Viscum ceibarum Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Celtis australis L. K. Koch pecan European hackberry Muellerina eucalyptoides Viscum album

28 Celtis occîdentalis L. hackberry Tapinanthus beluisii Viscum album Tapinanthus bangwensis Celtis tournefortii Lam. Tapinanthus capitatus oriental hackberry Tapinanthus chungwensis Viscum album Tapinanthus eminii Ceratonia siliqua L. carob Tapinanthus erianthus Viscum album Tapinanthus holstii Cercocarpus breviflorus A. Gray Tapinanthus marginatus hairy cercocarpus Tapinanthus ogowensis Viscum album Tapinanthus sereti Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Taxillus sclerophyllus Koidz. Japan quince Citrus aurantium L. sour orange Viscum album Amyema congener Bakerella calvata Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Dendrophthoe pentandra B. S. P. Atlantic white-cedar Erianthemum dregei Arceuthobium oxycedri Phragmanthera incana Cinnamomum sp. Struthanthus dichotrianthus Taxillus sclerophyllus Struthanthus uraguayensis Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Tapinanthus sansibarensis Sieb. camphor-tree Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Amylotheca dictyophleba Swingle lime Phoradendron serotinum Dendropemon caribaeus Phoradendron tomentosum Phthirusa theobromae subsp. macrophyllum Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Citrus sp. citrus pummelo Dendropemon bicolor Amylotheca cumingii Dendropemon caribaeus Dendrophthoe grandifrons Elytranthe parasítica Dendrophthoe pentandra Erianthemum dregei Scurrula ferruginea Erianthemum schelei Scurrula parasítica Globimetula braunii Viscum orientale Helicanthes elástica Citrus jambhiri Lush. Helixanthera nannii Dendrophthoe falcata Korthalsella breviarticulata Loranthus sp. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. lemon Nuytsia floribunda Amyema congener Oryctanthus cordifolius Globimetula braunii Oryctanthus occidentalis Lysiana exocarpi Phoradendron trineruium Macrosolen cochinchinensis Phthirusa caribaea Tapinanthus chungwensis Phthirusa pyrifolia Tapinanthus ogowensis Phthirusa theobromae Citrus medica L. citron Psittacanthus calyculatus Bakerella gonoclada Scurrula atropurpúrea Dendrophthoe grandifrons Scurrula philippensis Dendrophthoe pentandra Struthanthus costaricensis Scurrula ferruginea Struthanthus densiflorus Tapinanthus lacinatus Struthanthus marginatus Tapinanthus sansibarensis Struthanthus orbicularis Citrus poonensis Hort, ex Tanaka

29 Loranthus sp. Cotoneaster multiflora Bunge Citrus reticulata Blanco Viscum album mandarin orange, tangarine Cotoneaster racemiflora (Desf.) Globimetula braunii K. Koch redhead cotoneaster Loranthus sp. Viscum album Scurrula parasítica Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Tapinanthus ogowensis Simons cotoneaster Tolypanthus inuolucratus Viscum album Tripodanthus acutifolius Crataegus sp. hawthorn Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Ileostylus micranthus sweet orange Peraxilla colensoi Globimetula braunii Crataegus azarolus L. Psittacanthus calyculatus Azaróle hawthorn Cladastris lutea (Michx.) K. Viscum album Koch yellowwood Crataegus celsiana (Dum.-Cours.) Viscum album Bosc Coffea sp. coffee Viscum album Globimetula braunii Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Helixanthera nannii fireberry hawthorn Oryctanthus occidentalis Viscum album Phoradendron crassifolium Crataegus crus-galli L. Phragmanthera incana cockspur hawthorn Phthirusa pyrifolia Viscum album Struthanthus costaricensis Crataegus flava Ait. Tapinanthus albizziae yellow hawthorn Tapinanthus buvumae Viscum album Tapinanthus capitatus Crataegus mollis Scheele Tapinanthus discolor downy hawthorn Tapinanthus ogowensis Viscum album Coffea arabica L. Arabian coffee Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Dendrophthora marmeladensis one- hawthorn Globimetula braunii Viscum album Loranthus sp. Crataegus orientalis Pall. Psittacanthus calyculatus silver hawthorn Tapinanthus sigensis Viscum album Tapinanthus usiensis Crataegus osyacantha L. Taxillus cuneatus English hawthorn Hiem. Muellerina celas troides Liberian coffee Muellerina eucalyptoides Tapinanthus bangwensis Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. Cornus florida L. scarlet hawthorn flowering dogwood Viscum album Viscum album Corylus cornuta Marsh. Crataegus phaenopyrum (L.f.) beaked hazel Med. Washington hawthorn Viscum album Viscum album Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Crataegus punctata Jacq. rock cotoneaster dotted hawthorn Viscum album Viscum album

30 Crataegus sanguínea Pall. Diospyros digyna Jacq. redhaw hawthorn sapote negro Viscum album Erianthemum dregei Crataegus spathulata Michx. Diospyros kaki L.f. littlehip hawthorn kaki persimmon Amyema congener Dendropththoe falcata Crataegus succulenta Schrad. Phoradendron tomentosum fleshy hawthorn subsp. macrophyllum Viscum album Diospyros lotus L. Crataegus tanacetifolia ( Lam. ) dateplum persimmon Pars. tansyleaf hawthorn Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Crataegus uniflora Muenchh. Diospyros virginiana L. one- hawthorn common persimmon Viscum album Dendrophthoe vitellina Crataegus viridis L. Phoradendron tomentosum green hawthorn subsp. macrophyllum Viscum album Viscum album Crotón tiglium L. Duranta repens L. purging crotón skyflower Tapinanthus capitatus Dendrophthoe falcata Cupressus lusitanica var. bent- Elaeagnus umbellata Thumb. hamii(Endl.)Carr. autumn elaeagnus Bentham Mexican cypress Phoradendron serotinum Struthanthus orbicularis Elaeodendron glaucum Pars. Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. Tapinanthus quinqueneruis Monterey cypress Eriobotrya japónica ( Thunb. ) Arceuthobium oxycedri Lindl. loquat Cupressus sempervirens L. Dendrophthoe falcata Italian cypress Erythroxylum coca Lam. cocaine Struthanthus concinnus Erianthemum dregei Struthanthus marginatus Eucalyptus sp. eucalyptus Cydonia oblonga Mill. quince Struthanthus polystachyus Viscum album Tapinanthus erianthus Cytisus proliferus L. broom Eucalyptus camladulensis Dehnh. Amyema péndula red eucalyptus Amyema preissii Dendrophthoe falcata Lysiana exocarpi Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Muellerina eucalyptoides lemon-gum Nuytsia floribunda Dendrophtoe falcata Tupeia antárctica Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. sissoo Tasmanian blue eucalyptus Loranthus sp. Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis Daucus carota L. carrot Scurrula parasítica Nuytsia floribunda Viscum album Davidia vilmoriniana Dode Viscum album Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Diospyros sp. persimmon beakpod eucalyptus Korthalsella breuiarticulata Dendrophthoe falcata

31 Eucalyptus saligna Sm. Erianthemum dregei Sydney blue eucalyptus Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. Dendrophthoe falcata silk- Eugenia jambos L. rose-apple Dendrophthoe falcata Erianthemum dregei Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis Euphorbia neriifolia L. Struthanthus orbicularis hedge euphorbia Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Phoradendron sp. Dendrophthoe falcata Ficus cannonii N.E.B.R. Hevea sp. Erianthemum dregei rubbertree Ficus carica L. common fig Globimetula braunii Viscum album Psittacanthus sp. Fraxinus americana L. white ash Struthanthus sp. Phoradendron tomentosum Tapinanthus albizziae subsp. macrophyllum Tapinanthus ogowensis Viscum album Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-Arg. Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. Para rubbertree Chinese ash Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Dendrophthoe pentandra Fraxinus ornus L. flowering ash Loranthus sp. Viscum album Macrosolen cochinchinensis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Phragmanthera incana green ash Tapinanthus sereti Viscum album Viscum congolense Garcinia cochinchinensis Choisy Hymenospermum flavum F. Erinthemum dregei Muell. Gardenia thunbergii L.f. gardenia Erianthemum dregei Tapinanthus glob if er Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Geranium sp. geranium Paraguay-tea Nuytsia floribunda Tapinanthus quinquenervis Ginkgo biloba L. ginkgo lUicium anisatum L. Phoradendron serotinum Japanese anise-tree Viscum album "Mistletoe" Gleditsia ferox Desf. Illicium religiosum Sieb. & Zuce. cockspur honeylocust Amyema congener Dendrophthoe falcata Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Jacaranda Chinese honeylocust Dendrophthoe falcata Amyema congener Erianthemum dregei Gleditsia triacanthos L. Jatropha curcas L. physic-nut honeylocust Dendrophthoe falcata Phoradendron tomentosum Juglans ailantifolia Carr. subsp. macrophyllum Siebold walnut Psittacanthus cuneifolius Viscum album Viscum album Juglans cinérea L. butternut Gossypium barbadense L. Muellerina eucalyptoides Sea Island cotton Viscum album Dendrophthoe falcata Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Grevillea forsten Hort. manchu walnut

32 Viscum album Magnolia tripétala L. Juglans microcarpa Berlandier umbrella magnolia little walnut Viscum album Viscum album Magnolia virginiana L. sweetbay Juglans nigra L. black walnut Viscum album Phoradendron tomentosum Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. subsp. macrophyllum southern crab apple Viscum album Viscum album Juglans regia L. Persian walnut Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Phoradendron tomentosum Siberian crab apple subsp. macrophyllum Viscum album Viscum album Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Juniperus virginiana L. sweet crab apple eastern redcedar Viscum album Viscum album Malus diversifolia (Bong.) Roem. Kigelia pinnata DC. sausage-tree Oregon crab apple Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Laburnum sp. laburnum Malus floribunda Van Houette íleostylus micranthus Japanese flowering crab Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) Bercht. Viscum album & Presl Scotch laburnum Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck Viscum album Chinese apple Larix decidua Mill. Viscum album European Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. Arceuthobium campylopodum pearleaf apple Arceuthobium laricis Viscum album Arceuthobium tsugense Malus sieboldii (Reg.) Rehd. Larix leptolepis (Sieb. & Zuce.) toringo crab apple Gerd. Japanese larch Viscum album Arceuthobium laricis Malus spectabilis (Ait.) Borkh. Viscum album Chinese flowering crab Ligustrum quihoui Carr. Viscum album Quihou privet Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill, apple Viscum album Amyema congener Liriodendron tulipifera L. íleos ty lus micranthus yellow-poplar Phoradendron serotinum Loranthus sp. Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Madura pomífera (Raf.) Schneid. Phoradendron tomentosum Osage-orange subsp. tomentosum Phoradendron tomentosum Psittachanthus cuneifolius subsp. macrophyllum Tristerix verticillatus Viscum album Viscum album Magnolia grandiflora L. Mangifera sp. mango southern magnolia Tapinanthus capitatus Dendrophthoe falcata Mangifera indica L. mango Erianthemum dregei Bakerella clavata Muellerina celastroides Manihot sp. Muellerina eucalyptoides Tapinanthus albizziae

33 Manihot esculenta Crantz Agelanthus brunneus bitter cassava Amyema congener Scurrula ferruginea Lysiana exocarpi Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg. Lysiana linearifolia Ceara rubber-tree Lysiana spathulata Erianthemum schelei Muellerina celastroides Loranthus sp. Phthirusa pyrifolia Phragmanthera incana Psittachanthus calyculatus Tapinanthus bangwensis Struthanthus haenkeanus Tapinanthus capitatus Tapinanthus eminii Tapinanthus mangheensis Tapinanthus pentagonia Melaleuca genestifolia Sm. Tapinanthus warneckei Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Melia azedarach L. chinaberry Viscum trachycarpum Erianthemum dregei Nicotania glauca Graham Phoradendron heironymi tree tobacco Phoradendron pruinosum Lysiana exocarpi Phoradendron serotinum Olea europaea L. common olive Phoradendron tomentosum Amyema congener subsp. macrophyllum Lysiana exocarpi Phoradendron tomentosum Psittacanthus calyculatus subsp. tomentosum Tristerix tetrandrus Phragmanthera incana Viscum album Tapinanthus globifer Ouratea angustifolia (Vahl) Tapinanthus irebuensis sp. Baill. Michelia fuscata Blume Viscum heyneaenum Loranthus sp. Pandanus utilis Bory screw-pine Mimosa sp. mimosa Struthanthus marginatus Tapinanthus kivuensis Struthanthus vulgaris Mimosa púdica L. sensitive-plant Persea americana Mill. avocado Dendrophthoe falcata Phoradendron sp. Mimusops elengi L. Scurrula ferruginea Erianthemum dregei Tapinanthus bangwensis Morus sp. mulberry Tapinanthus capitatus Tapinanthus ogowensis Erianthemum dregei Tapinanthus sereti Morus alba L. white mulberry Agelanthus burnneus Photinia serrulata Lindl. Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album * Tapinanthus brunneus Phyllanthus emblica L. emblic Tapinanthus glomeratus Erianthemum dregei Viscum album Picea abies (L.) Karst. Morus indica L. Norway Tapinanthus eminii Arceuthobium campylopodum Morus nigra L. black mulberry A rceuthobium laricis Viscum album Arceuthobium tsugense Nephelium sp. Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Dendrophthoe neelgherrensis white spruce Nerium oleander L. oleander Arceuthobium tsugense

34 Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. Viscum album black spruce Pinus strobus L. Viscum album eastern white pine Picea pungens Engelm. Arceuthobium cyanocarpum blue spruce Viscum album Arceuthobium pusillum Pinus sylvestris L. Scotch pine Arceuthobium tsugense Arceuthobium americanum Viscum album Arceuthobium campylopodum Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Arceuthobium laricis Sitka spruce Arceuthobium tsugense Viscum album. Pinus thunbergiana Franco Pinus sp. pine Japanese black pine íleostylus micranthus Viscum album Pinus banksiana Lamb, jack pine Pinus virginiana Mill. Arceuthobium laricis Virginia pine Arceuthobium occidentale Arceuthobium occidentale Viscum. album. Pistacia terebinthus L. pistache Pinus bungeana Zuce. Viscum album lacebark pine Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Arceuthobium. occidentale Benth. guamachil Pinus contorta Dougl. Dendrophthoe falcata lodgepole pine Platanus sp. sycamore Viscum album Ileostylus micranthus Pinus elliottii Engelm. slash pine Tristerix tetrandrus Arceuthobium campylopodum Platanus occidentalis L. Pinus mugo Turra Swiss mountain pine American sycamore Viscum album Arceuthobium americanum Arceuthobium campylopodum Platanus orientalis L. oriental planetree Pinus muricata D. Don Amyema congener bishop pine Ileostylus micranthus Muellerina celas troides Muellerina eucalyptoides Pinus palustris Mill, longleaf pine Polyalthia suberosa Benth & Arceuthobium occidentale Hook. f. Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe Erianthemum dregei Mexican weeping pine "Mistletoe" Tapinanthus quinquenervis Pinus pinaster Ait. maritime pine Populus sp. cottonwood, poplar Arceuthobium campylopodum Ileostylus micranthus Pinus pinea L. Italian stone pine Tristerix tetrandrus Arceuthobium campylopodum Populus angulata Ait. Pinus radiata D. Don angletwig poplar Monterey pine Viscum album Amyema péndula Populus balsamifera L. Arceuthobium tsugense balsam poplar Muellerina celas troides Viscum album Muellerind eucalyptoides Populus Xcanadensis Moench Carolina poplar Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine Arceuthobium campylopodum Viscum album Arceuthobium laricis Populus deltoides Bartr. 35 eastern cottonwood íleostylus micranthus Globimetula hraunii Phoradendron serotinum Tapinanthus eminii Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Populus laurifolia Ledeb. Phoradendron tomentosum laurel poplar subsp. tomentosum Viscum album Tristerix tetrandrus Populus máximowiczii Henry Viscum album Japanese poplar Prunus hortulana Bailey Viscum album hortulan Populus nigra L. black poplar Phoradendron serotinum Viscum album Prunus maackii Rupr. Populus nigra var. itálica Viscum album Muenchh. Lombardy poplar Prunus mahaleb L. Tristerix tetrandrus Mahaleb cherry Viscum album Viscum album Populus simonii Carr. Prunus pérsica Batsch Simon poplar Amyema congener Viscum album Dendrophthoe falcata Populus tremuloides Michx. Erianthemum dregei quaking aspen Globimetula braunii Viscum album Loranthus sp. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Muellerina celastroides Gray black cottonwood Phoradendron quadrangulare Viscum album Phoradendron villosum subsp. Populus wilsonii Schneid. villosum Wilson poplar Psittacanthus cuneifolius Viscum album Psittacanthus calyculatus Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Struthanthus oerstedii mesquite Taxillus cuneatus Dendrophthoe falcata Tristerix tetrandrus Tristerix uerticillatus Prunus amygdalus Batsch Viscum album almond Hyphear grewinkii Viscum articulatum Phoradendron sp. Viscum farafanganensis Phoradendron tomentosum Prunus serótina Ehrh. subsp. macrophyllum black cherry Tapinanthus belvisii Globimetula braunii Viscum album Prunus serótina var. salicifolia Prunus armeniaca L. (H.B.K.) Koehne Hyphear grewinkii capulin black cherry Dendrophthora mesembryan- Prunus cerasus L. sour cherry themifolia Phoradendron serotinum Prunus serrulata Lindl. Viscum album Japanese flowering cherry Prunus cocomilia Ten. Viscum album Italian plum Prunus simonii Carr. Simon plum Viscum album Phoradendron tomentosum Prunus domestica L. garden plum subsp. macrophyllum Amyema congener

36 Prunus ussuriensis Kovalev Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai & Kostina sand pear Viscum album Viscum album Prunus virginiana L. Quercus alba L. white oak common chokecherry Muellerina eucalyptoides Viscum album Quercus bicolor Willd. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) swamp white oak Franco Douglas-fir Amyema congener Viscum album Muellerina eucalyptoides Psidium guajava L. guava Quercus coccinea Muenchh. Dendrophthoe falca ta scarlet oak Dendrophthoe pentandra Viscum album Macrosolen cochinchinensis Quercus lusitanica Lam. Phragmanthera leonensis Portugese oak Scurrula ferruginea Muellerina eucalyptoides Tapinanthus belvisii Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Tapinanthus ogowensis bur oak Taxillus yadorki Loranthus europaeus Pterospermum semisagittatum Quercus nigra L. water oak Buch. —Ham. Loranthus europaeus Erianthemum dregei Quercus palustris Muenchh. Púnica granatum L. pin oak Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Helicanthes elástica Quercus phellos L. willow oak Phoradendron hieronymi Viscum album Phoradendron serotinum Quercus prinus L. oak Phoradendron tomento sum Loranthus europaeus subsp. macrophyllum Quercus robur L. English oak Phthirusa pyrifolia Muellerina celas troides Psittacanthus cuneifolius Muellerina eucalyptoides Scurrula ferruginea Quercus rubra L. Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge northern red oak birchleaf pear Loranthus europaeus Viscum album Viscum album Pyrus calleryana Decné. Quercus stellata Wangenh. Callery pear post oak Viscum album Loranthus europaeus Pyrus communis L. pear Quercus velutina Lam. black oak Amyema congener Loranthus europaeus Hyphear grewinkii Quercus Virginia Mill. live oak íleostylus micranthus Muellerina celas troides Muellerina celas troides Rhododenron sp. rhododendron Peraxilla colensoi íleos ty lus micranthus Phoradendron serotinum Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Phoradendron tomentosum Dendrophthoe suborbicularis subsp. macrophyllum Taxillus sclerophyllus Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum ramoisissimum subsp. tomentosum Robinia pseudoacacia L. Psittacanthus cuneifolius black locust Tripodanthus acutifolius Amyema péndula 37 Muellerina celastroides Sophora japónica L. Peraxilla colensoi Chinese scholartree Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Sorbus alniiolia (Sieb. & Zuce.) Phoradendron villosum subsp. K. Koch villosum densehead mountain-ash Psittacanthus cuneifolius Viscum album Tristerix tetrandrus Sorbus americana Marsh. Viscum album American mountain-ash Viscum cruciatum Viscum album Rosa sp. rose Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz Ileostylus micranthus whitebeam mountain-ash Nuytsia floribunda Viscum album Peraxilla colensoi Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. Rosa setigera Michx. prairie rose showy mountain-ash Viscum album Viscum album Sterculia discolor F. Muell. Rumex acetosella L. dock Erianthemum dregei Nuytsia floribunda Swietenia macrophylla King Salix sp. willow Honduras mahogany Ileostylus micranthus Dendrophthoe falcata Tristerix tetrandrus Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Salix alba var. vitellina (L.) West Indies mahogany Stokes yellow willow Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Syringia amurensis Rupr. Salix baby Iónica L. Amur lilac weeping willow Viscum album Amyema congener Syringa pekinensis Rupr. Dendrophthoe falcata Pekin lilac Macrosolen cochinchinensis Viscum album Muellerina celastroides Syringa pérsica L. Muellerina eucalyptoides Persian lilac Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Syringa vulgaris L. Tristerix tetrandrus common lilac Viscum album Viscum album Salix lucida Muhl. shining willow Tamarindus indica L. tamarind Viscum album Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Sapindus marginatus Willd. Tamarix sp. tamarisk Florida soapberry Phoradendron californicum Phoradendron tomentosum Viscum album subsp. macrophyllum Tamarix gallica L. Phoradendron tomentosum French tamarisk subsp. tomentosum Dendrophthoe ligulata Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. tallowtree baldcypress "Mistletoe" Dendrophthoe falcata Schinus molle L. peppertree Tectona grandis L.f. teak Erinthemum dregei Erianthemum schelei Muellerina celastroides Phoradendron sp.

38 Phthirusa sp. Viscum album Tectona sp. teak Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Tapinanthus capitatus eastern hemlock Theobroma cacao L. cacao Arceuthobium tsugense Englerina gabonensis Ulmus sp. elm Globimetula braunii íleostylus micranthus Globimetula dinklagei Ulmus americana L. Macrosolen formosus American elm Oryctanthus sp. Phoradendron tomentosum Phragmanthera incana subsp. macrophyllum Phragmanthera leonensis Viscum album Phoradendron piperoides Ulmus glabra Huds. Scotch elm Tapinanthus bangwensis "Mistletoe" Tapinanthus belvisii Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm Tapinanthus buntingii Phoradendron serotinum Tapinanthus capitatus Tapinanthus farmari Phoradendron tomentosum subsp. macrophyllum Tapinanthus kanguensis Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Tapinanthus kisantuensis sweet viburnum Tapinanthus marginatus Muellerina eucalyptoides Tapinanthus ogowensis Vicia faba L. broad bean Thevetia peruviana (Pars.) Nuytsia floribunda K. Schum. lucky-nut Vitis vinifera L. Dendrophthoe falcata Viscum album Struthanthus microphyllus Widdringtonia whytei Rendle Tilia americana L. Mlanje-cedar American basswood Dendrophthoe suborbicularis Viscum album Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) Tilia caroliniana Mill. K. Koch elm zelkova Carolina basswood Viscum album Viscum album Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Mak. Tilia cordata Mill. Japanese zelkova littleleaf linden "Mistletoe" Viscum album Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Tilia Xeuchlora K. Koch common jujube Crimean linden Erianthemum dregei Viscum album Tilia heterophylla Vent. white basswood Viscum album Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. Manchurian linden Viscum album Tilia mongólica Maxim. Mongolian linden Viscum album Tilia tomentosa Moench silver linden

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