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Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation

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Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Media Coverage.............................................................................................................. 9 2. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA ................................................................................... 10 2.1 Geography and Geology ............................................................................................... 10 2.2 Climate ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Aerial Photos ................................................................................................................ 13 3. HISTORY AND EARLY COLLECTING .......................................................................... 13 3.1 Early History ................................................................................................................ 14 3.2 Recent History .............................................................................................................. 16 4. VEGETATION .. ................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Previous Studies ........................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Vegetation Mapping ..................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Vegetation Types .......................................................................................................... 22 4.3.1 Plantations ............................................................................................................. 22 4.3.2 Woodland .............................................................................................................. 22 4.3.3 Moist Forest .......................................................................................................... 23 4.3.4 Montane shrubland ............................................................................................... 27 4.3.5 Vegetation of the Drier Western and Northern Slopes ......................................... 29 4.4 Forest Plots ................................................................................................................... 29 4.5 Observations on Tree Fruiting ...................................................................................... 29 5. PLANTS .............................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Previous Studies ........................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Plant Collections ........................................................................................................... 33 5.3 Species of Particular Interest ........................................................................................ 34 6. BIRDS ................................................................................................................................. 37 6.1 Previous Studies ........................................................................................................... 37 6.2 Bird Survey ................................................................................................................... 37 6.3 Biogeographical Significance ....................................................................................... 37 6.4 Bird Species of Conservation Importance .................................................................... 39 6.5 Bird Breeding Records ................................................................................................. 41 7. OTHER VERTEBRATES & INVERTEBRATES ............................................................. 43 7.1 Previous Studies ........................................................................................................... 43 7.2 Larger Mammals .......................................................................................................... 43 7.3 Bats ............................................................................................................................... 43 7.4 Other Small Mammals .................................................................................................. 44 7.5 Herpetofauna ................................................................................................................ 45 7.6 Lepidoptera ................................................................................................................... 47 7.7 Molluscs ....................................................................................................................... 49 7.8 Freshwater Crustacea.................................................................................................... 49 7.9 Biogeography ............................................................................................................... 50 Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 4 8. CONSERVATION .............................................................................................................. 51 8.1 Conservation Threats .................................................................................................... 51 8.2 Protection and Conservation......................................................................................... 54 9. MAIN FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 56 10. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 57 11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 59 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES ............................................................................... 60 Annex 1. Participants on main Mt Mabu, October 2008 ......................................................... 66 Annex 2. Media Coverage of Mt Mabu ................................................................................... 67 Annex 3. Plant checklist for Mt Mabu above 800 m ............................................................... 71 Annex 4. Annotated list of bird species on Mt Mabu recorded above 400 m .......................... 77 Annex 5. Birds ringed near main forest camp on Mt Mabu, 16‒17 Oct 2008 ......................... 84 Annex 6. List of larger mammal species recorded from the Mabu massif .............................. 85 Annex 7. List of small mammal species collected or recorded from the Mabu massif ........... 87 Annex 8. List of reptile and amphibian species collected or recorded from the Mabu massif 88 Annex 9. Butterfly species collected on Mt Mabu from 2006 to 2010 .................................... 89 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Main visits to Mt Mabu, 2005‒2010 ............................................................................ 9 Table 2. Extent of area above 1000 m by altitudinal class for the Mt Mabu massif ................ 10 Table 3. Tea enterprises in the Mt Mabu area, with 1960 production figures ......................... 16 Table 4. Extent of forest area by altitudinal class for the Mt Mabu massif ............................. 20 Table 5. Summary of forest plot data, Mt Mabu .....................................................................
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