LIEBIG TREE #4 c Dr. John Andraos, 2002 Joseph Redtenbacher Liebig condenser (Vienna, MD 1834; Giessen) Otto Meyerhof benzilic acid Concept of energy rich pyrophosphate bonds (1931); rearrangement (1838) Carl Schmidt discovery of relationship between oxygen (Giessen, 1844) consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscle Physiology & Medicine Nobel 1922 Ostwald dilution law (1888), concept of catalysis (1894) rates of chemical reactions; chemical equilibrium Chemistry Nobel 1909

Karl Lohmann Georg Bredig Concept of energy rich pyrophosphate bonds (1931) (Leipzig, 1894) Lineweaver-Burk Discovery of ADP (1934), ATP (1929) plot (1934) Severo Ochoa Discovery of mechanisms Fajans rules on bonding for biosynthesis of Hermann Braune Evans-Polanyi relationship (1938) James W. McBain (1915); Discovery of Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle (1936/8) ribonucleic and deoxy- (Heidelberg, 1911) element 91 protactinium (1917) (Heidelberg, 1906) ribonucleic acids group displacement law (1913) Physiology & Medicine Nobel 1959 Fritz Strassmann concept of nuclear Odd Hassel Jerome R. Vinograd fission(1934 - 45) Conformational analysis Ernest Warhurst (Stanford, 1940) Fritz Lipmann George Wald Cyclohexane structures (Manchester, 1936) Discovery of coenzyme A Discovery of primary Chemistry Nobel 1969 John E. Hearst Physiology & physiological and chemical Eugene Wigner (Cal Tech, 1961) Medicine Nobel 1953 visual processes in eye Discovery and application of fundamental John Charles Polanyi Physiology & Medicine symmetry principles to atomic nuclei and Infrared chemilumiscence; Thomas R. Cech Nobel 1967 elementary particles, Wigner spin rules (1926/7) chemical lasers Discovery of catalytic Daniel Nathans Physics Nobel 1963 Chemistry Nobel 1986 properties of RNA Discovery of restriction Chemistry Nobel 1989 enzymes Francois Jacob Andre Lwoff Meredith G. Evans Physiology & Medicine John Bardeen Be-Ma-Ha-Po-Th-Le Nobel 1978 Discoveries concerning Shannon-Jaynes genetic control of enzymes maximum entropy function BCS theory (1957), semiconductors principle (1938) More O'Ferrall-Jencks and virus synthesis (1948/1957) discovery of transistor effect (1948) Evans principle (1939) diagram (1977); Jencks Physiology & Medicine Hillard B. Huntington Physics Nobel 1956, clock (1977 - 1984) Nobel 1965 Physics Nobel 1972 (Princeton, 1941) Marcus-Hush relationship Ivar Giaever (1964 - 7) Discoveries regarding John Robert Schrieffer Klaus von Klitzing tunnelling phenomena in Anthony J. Leggett Gottfried Landwehr BCS theory of superconductivity (Oxford, 1964; Illinois) Discovery of quantized semi and superconductors (1957) Physics Nobel 1972 (TH Braunschweig, 1956; Hall effect Physics Nobel 1973 Developed theories for Illinois) superconductivity Physics Nobel 2003 Physics Nobel 1985