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Classic Poetry of Arab and Persian

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Classic Poetry of Arab and Persian European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol. 139 No 3 May, 2016, pp.257-262 http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com Comparative Study on Bahariye in Neo –Classic Poetry of Arab and Persian Mohammad Shaygan Mehr Department of Arabic Language and Literature Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad university, Kashmar, Iran Ali asghar Mansouri .Department of Arabic Language and Literature Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad university, Kashmar, Iran Nabialehrajani Department of Arabic Language and Literature Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad university, Kashmar, Iran Hassan Ghamari Department of Arabic Language and Literature Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran Abstract As we can see the subject of the study has been not studied and researched in the previous works, this study tries to provide regular collection of scattered material to overcome the shortcomings of the issue. The aim of this paper is to review and correct lexical definitions in both Arabic and Persian words of Bahariyeh, and also studies the similarities and differences of Bahariyeh in Persian and Arabic classical new poetry. Bahariyeh is one of the common themes in Persian literature. Also in the literature of Arab it has been composed some poems on the theme of spring as Robyyat. In both contemporary periods, because of familiarity of poets with European literature in one hand and social issues, philanthropy and patriotism remember the other hand, the themes and contents of Bahariyeh, had found significant differences compared to the previous periods. In this study the similarities and differences of Bahariye, in these two languages, will be examined in the term of structure and content. Keywords: spring, literature, Bahariyeh, literature of Bahariye, Arabic, Farsi. Introduction Spring has numerous effects in Persian and Arabic literature and it has been one of the frequent themes of poetry in literature of Arab and Persian. Bahariyeh at the first has been unique to the elegy, gradually over time has been turned to other files format such as lyrics and couplet. It has been known as Rabiyeh and Zohriyeh in Arabic literature that has undergone significant changes during the course of the history of Arabic literature in terms of content and structure and accordingly is influenced by various social and political issues of his time to various forms. Description of nature and spring has always been one of the favorite themes of the poets of Persian and Arabic poets. And poets have described the nature of the spring variously with the conditions of time and place. Comparative Study on Bahariye in Neo –Classic Poetry of Arab and Persian 258 Despite the literary Arabic and Persian have wide geographic differences, But clearly, we can see that poem in both languages had relatively similar evolutions and has been influenced by a common history. Since Comparative Literature is one of the major branches of modern literature, comparative study of Persian and Arabic literature has a special place in the field of Bahariyeh and poets of new classism. Spring and Bahariyeh Speaking of long seasons has wide repercussion in Arabic and Persian poetry and among the four seasons, spring has a special place and poets give special attention to it. A poem which is about spring, its descriptions and imagery and spring flowers has been known to Rabiyeh and Zohriyeh in Arabic literature. In Arabic word it has been defined to rain which is the causing the growth of plants and the plant itself, which means "Rabi." Spring is the most frequent topics in Persian literature and poetry. May be the short age of this season in Iran (Jamalzadeh, 1346, 290-289) and the rebirth of the world and the blossoming spring nature is one of the reasons which is made it the most popular topics in Persian literature. " critics "due to the arrival of spring, in spite of its beauty and majesty of nature and attractive landscapes in this chapter, called these elegies Bahariyeh." (AnuShe, 1381, vol. 2, 266). Bahariyeh, as its name suggests, its theme is spring and its description and its manifestations. Poets are generally considered the beauty of spring in Bahariyeh. Also what grows in the spring as flowers, grass lands, pastures, fruit, spring birds, all of them have been considered by the famous poets of Bahariyeh. In some of the poems of Bahariye, poets have interested in, nature, spring, clouds, rain, spring and summer weather, they are also of interest and Loving nature, friendship and human feeling has remarkable position in the poetry of these poets. Spring and New Year has always been a part of the contents of Persian classical and contemporary poetry. Iranian poets point out the nature and resurrection in their poetry since past till today. They are searching for the new and different circumstances in consistent with the nature. In the opinion of poets who find the metaphysics in their soul, spring is the great messengerswho cannot be explained in any language expect the language of poetry. Bahariyeh in Contemporary Arab Literature In contemporary Arabs poetry sometimes Rabiyeh is expressed in another way regarding to the past. And sometimes poets see spring in new and complete different perspective in following of literary school of Europe. JebrankhalilJeran believes that (dead in 1932) who can understand springs can understand any of the ages. (Jebran, 1997, volume3.22)He compares the spring with his prose to the spirit of an unknown goddess who traveling around the world so fast and then arrives in Syria and then moves slowly and associated with sprit of messenger and kings .And sing the song of Suleiman with rivers. And remember the greatness of the poet with the cypress trees of Lebanon, Hafez Ibrahim (dead in 1932) compare the youth and power to the spring. (Hafez Ibrahim 1987, 1volume, 254,169) Ahmad Shogi (dead in 1311) believes that the age of youth is like the innocence of flowers (Shoghi 1995, volume1, 154-158). In opinion of Jamil SedghiZahavi (dead in 1936) the beauty of spring make mischief in the eyes of human, but the world is traitor and life of blossom is so short like an ahh. (SedhiZahavi, 1924, volume 1,124). The poet consider the time of after war like spring great and fresh. He states in his ode that blossom hide somewhere the earth, indeed spring is under the earth. In comprising between spring and fall, he says that in spring the garden is green and in fall it is bare. Fall is the robber of the flowers and the nightingale leave the garden while there is its house. Mustafa SadeghRafei (dead in 1937) is written a good article about spring nature not in places and castles. (Rafei, Bita, volume 1,248). The poet believes that he cannot explain the garden that spring had described it. This poet of Arab who has used the previous works of poets has described numerous beautiful picture of sun (Rafei 1953, volume 3,334).Elias Abushabake (dead in 1947) one of the 259 Mohammad Shaygan Mehr, Ali asgharMansouri, Nabialehrajani and Hassan ghamari romantic poets believes that spring is forever (Abushabakeh, 1985, volume 1,383), he knows the blossoms like the merciful creature who forgives the winter. Denying the spring is denying the love. Someone see beauty and someone see difficulties of life and someone in every blossom can see death, Abbas Mohammad Eghad (dead in 1964) is one of the contemporary Arabs poet .his poem had pretty metaphor in his long Rabiyeh “Mokabol_Rabiyeh”. (Mohammad 1355, vloume2, 247,244).Also he studied the feature of spring and consider beauty of spring in different perspective in his article with the tittle of Rabiyh. Among the contemporary poets who traveled to America and created new branch of Arab literature “adab_Limahir” we can find new perspective about Rabiyeh. Nader Hadad (dead in 1950) in one of his poem, protest point to eternal of spring and decline of human life.(Najm1982,vloume 1,226).Rashid Ayab (dead in 1941) one of the pioneers of Romanticism in Arabic literature addresses a leaf and says you pass the spring and all of the life is the season of spring. Here is noting to be worry about. The poet is sad with coming of spring because when spring comeback he remembers his country and his childhood and deliver him to the period called insanity time.so the poets solicit from his childhood to enjoy from it .but he believe s that his spring was his childhood that chasing the birds on the grass. This is the spring that poetry wants it and is pleased to lose all of the times. Springs is great return.one of the manifestations of death is “mahjar”means escaping from death which make poets to smooth himself that after death parts of spring return again. The spring which is coming every year (taken from Bahariyhe article in Arabic literature written by Dr.BagherGhorbanizarin). Bahariye in contemporary Persian literature Since constitutional period, new concepts and social subject enters in poetry some of the Bahriye of Bihar, although is place for parsing like odes of fourth and fifth century but this time it has been praised the new thought and revolutionary subject. In 1332 after coup eta of Mordar28 till revolution of Islamic republic of Iran in 1357 we can see 6 different current of poetry: 1. Current of contemporary traditional poetry. 2. Current of romantic and personal poetry. 3. Current of romantic and social poetry 4. Current of social symbolism. 5. Current of new poetry and bulk poetry 6. Current of resistance poetry. Classic Bahariyeh of contemporary Arabic 1. Description of spring in Mohammad Sami Al-Baradis poetry (1322-1255).since Baradi is one of the beginner of contemporary classism school we will start definition of spring with his poem called description of spring time.
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