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Epibionti Na Plemenitoj Periski (Pinna Nobilis Linnaeus, 1758; Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Epibionti na plemenitoj periski (Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758; Mollusca: Bivalvia) Plećaš, Doris Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2017 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:742655 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-30 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek Doris Plećaš Epibionti na plemenitoj periski (Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758; Mollusca: Bivalvia) Diplomski rad Zagreb, 2017. Ovaj diplomski rad izrađen je u Zoologijskom zavodu Biološkog odsjeka PMF-a, pod vodstvom izv. prof. dr. sc. Tatjane Bakran-Petricioli, predan je na ocjenu Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu radi stjecanja zvanja magistra struke ekologije i zaštite prirode. Zahvaljujem mojoj mentorici, izv. prof. dr. sc. Tatjani Bakran Petricioli, na ukazanom povjerenju, velikom trudu i vremenu utrošenom pri izradi ovog diplomskog rada. Omogućila mi je detaljan uvid u područje koje me posebno zanima i time mi učinila pisanje ovog rada zanimljivijim. Zahvaljujem mojoj neposrednoj voditeljici dr. sc. Silviji Kipson na nesebičnoj pomoći, svim preporukama i savjetima kojima je znatno poboljšala kvalitetu ovog rada, iznimnoj predanosti i poticajnom stavu, kao i velikoj količini vremena koju mi je posvetila. Posebnu zahvalu iskazujem svojim roditeljima, sestri, dečku i prijateljima na podršci i pomoći tijekom cijelog mog studiranja. TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek Diplomski rad Epibionti na plemenitoj periski (Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758; Mollusca: Bivalvia) Doris Plećaš Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb Plemenita periska Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) najveći je školjkaš Sredozemnog mora čije ljušture pružaju čvrsti supstrat brojnim epibiontima. -
Phylum MOLLUSCA
285 MOLLUSCA: SOLENOGASTRES-POLYPLACOPHORA Phylum MOLLUSCA Class SOLENOGASTRES Family Lepidomeniidae NEMATOMENIA BANYULENSIS (Pruvot, 1891, p. 715, as Dondersia) Occasionally on Lafoea dumosa (R.A.T., S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 42-49 fm., on Lafoea dumosa (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368): Eddystone, 29 fm., 1920 (R.W.): 7, 3, 1 and 1 in 4 hauls N.E. of Eddystone, 1948 (V.F.) Breeding: gonads ripe in Aug. (R.A.T.) Family Neomeniidae NEOMENIA CARINATA Tullberg, 1875, p. 1 One specimen Rame-Eddystone Grounds, 29.12.49 (V.F.) Family Proneomeniidae PRONEOMENIA AGLAOPHENIAE Kovalevsky and Marion [Pruvot, 1891, p. 720] Common on Thecocarpus myriophyllum, generally coiled around the base of the stem of the hydroid (S.P., E.J.A.): at 4 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 43-49 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 367): S. of Rame Head, 27 fm., 1920 (R.W.): N. of Eddystone, 29.3.33 (A.J.S.) Class POLYPLACOPHORA (=LORICATA) Family Lepidopleuridae LEPIDOPLEURUS ASELLUS (Gmelin) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 407, as Chiton; Matthews, 1953, p. 246] Abundant, 15-30 fm., especially on muddy gravel (S.P.): at 9 positions S.W. of Eddystone, 40-43 fm. (Crawshay, 1912, p. 368, as Craspedochilus onyx) SALCOMBE. Common in dredge material (Allen and Todd, 1900, p. 210) LEPIDOPLEURUS, CANCELLATUS (Sowerby) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. 410, as Chiton; Matthews. 1953, p. 246] Wembury West Reef, three specimens at E.L.W.S.T. by J. Brady, 28.3.56 (G.M.S.) Family Lepidochitonidae TONICELLA RUBRA (L.) [Forbes and Hanley, 1849, II, p. -
(Approx) Mixed Micro Shells (22G Bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22G Bag Provides Hours of Fun; Some Interesting Foraminifera Also Included
Special Price £ US$ Family Genus, species Country Quality Size Remarks w/o Photo Date added Category characteristic (€) (approx) (approx) Mixed micro shells (22g bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22g bag provides hours of fun; some interesting Foraminifera also included. 17/06/21 Mixed micro shells Ischnochitonidae Callistochiton pulchrior Panama F+++ 89mm € 1,80 £1,55 $2,10 21/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Chaetopleura lurida Panama F+++ 2022mm € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Hairy girdles, beautifully preserved. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 30mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 27.9mm € 2,80 £2,42 $3,27 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Stenoplax limaciformis Panama F+++ 16mm+ € 6,50 £5,61 $7,60 Uncommon. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Philippines F+++ 25mm+ € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Hairy margins, beautifully preserved. 04/08/17 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Australia F+++ 25mm+ € 2,60 £2,25 $3,04 02/06/18 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 41mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 32mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 44mm+ € 5,00 £4,32 $5,85 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F++ 35mm € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 29mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Caribbean. -
Riordino Deelle Unità Stratigrafiche Nel Pleistocene Inferiore
Studi costieri - 2006 - 12: Il Quaternario della Toscana costiera Il Quaternario della Toscana costiera Giovanni Boschian 1 , Alessandro Bossio 2, Barbara Dall’Antonia 2, Renzo Mazzanti 3 1 - 2 - 3 - Riassunto Questo saggio presenta una rassegna delle conoscenze acquisite sul Quaternario della Toscana Costiera, a partire dal 1984, anno in cui fu pubblicata su questo tema la monografia di Mazzanti. Nello studio dell’Olocene ci siamo limitati alla situazione presente in Età Romana, non tanto perché considerata priva di interventi antropici, bensì in quanto la più vicina nel tempo ad uno stato del territorio non influenzato da questi ultimi. Particolare attenzione è stata posta alla precisazione dei riferimenti cronologici dei livelli delle successioni stratigrafiche marine, datati secondo i moderni criteri di biozonazione basata principalmente sulle associ- azioni a Foraminiferi planctonici ed a Nannoplancton calcareo. D’altra parte non è stato trascurato il richi- amo a fossili di altri gruppi sistematici e loro associazioni di particolare significato stratigrafico (cronologi- co e/o paleoambientale) sia per le successioni marine, sia per le continentali, né ovviamente sono state trascurate le informazioni offerte dalle determinazioni radiometriche di età. Per agevolare la lettura di questo complesso riassunto, consigliamo di consultare i riferimenti offerti nella Figura 4. Un primo ciclo sedimentario, presente solo nel Valdarno Inferiore e nel Bacino di Castiglioncello – S. Vincenzo, e datato al Santerniano-Emiliano è composto da sedimenti litoranei (Conglomerati di V.la Magrini, trasgressivi), da sedimenti di ambiente più profondo (Sabbie e argille ad Arctica islandica, for- mazione qui ridefinita come Fm di Morrona), datati al Santerniano e all’Emiliano, da sedimenti di ambi- ente nuovamente poco profondo (Sabbie di Nugola Vecchia nel Valdarno Inferiore e Calcari di Montescudaio nel Bacino di Castiglioncello – S. -
The Response of a Protandrous Species to Exploitation, and the Implications for Management: a Case Study with Patellid Limpets
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk University of Southampton Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics National Oceanography Centre, Southampton School of Ocean and Earth Sciences The Response of a Protandrous Species to Exploitation, and the Implications for Management: a Case Study with Patellid Limpets. William J F Le Quesne Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2005 Graduate School of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton This PhD dissertation by William J F Le Quesne has been produced under the supervision of the following persons: Supervisors: Prof. John G. Shepherd Prof Stephen Hawkins Chair of Advisory Panel: Dr Lawrence E. Hawkins Member of Advisory Panel: Dr John A. Williams University -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 372:265–276 (2008)
The following appendix accompanies the article Foraging ecology of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in the central Mediterranean Sea: evidence for a relaxed life history model Paolo Casale1,*, Graziana Abbate1, Daniela Freggi2, Nicoletta Conte1, Marco Oliverio1, Roberto Argano1 1Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome 1 ‘La Sapienza’, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italy 2Sea Turtle Rescue Centre WWF Italy, Contrada Grecale, 92010 Lampedusa, Italy *Email: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 372:265–276 (2008) Appendix 1. Caretta caretta. Taxa identified in gut and fecal samples of 79 loggerhead turtles. Habitat: pelagic (P) or benthic (B). Catch mode: T: Trawl; L: Longline; O: Other (see ‘Materials and meth- ods’ in the main text). N: number of turtles in which the taxon was found. *New record in loggerhead prey species. Notes: (a) size range of the sponge; (b) diameter of the polyp; (c) mean adult size; (d) adult size range; (e) adult size range (tube length); (f) colony size range; (g) adult size range (spines excluded); (h) egg case size range; (i) frond length range; (j) leaf length range; na: not applicable. Phylum, Kingdom, (Subclass) (Suborder) Species Habitat Catch N Frequency Common name Size (cm) Class Order Family mode of prey (notes) (%) ANIMALIA Porifera B O 1 1.3 Sponges na Demospongiae Hadromerida Chondrosiidae Chondrosia reniformis B T 7 8.9 Kidney sponge na Demospongiae Hadromerida Suberitidae Suberites domuncula* B T, O 9 11.4 Hermit crab sponge 5–20 (a) Demospongiae Halichondrida Axinellidae Axinella sp. B L, T 2 2.5 Sponges na Demospongiae Dictyoceratida Spongiidae Spongia officinalis* B L 1 1.3 Bath sponge 10–40 (a) Cnidaria Anthozoa Madreporaria Dendrophyllidae Astroides calycularis* B T 1 1.3 Orange coral 1–2 (b) Anthozoa Madreporaria Favidae Cladocora cespitosa B T 1 1.3 Stony coral 0.5–1 (b) Anthozoa Actinaria Hormathiidae Calliactis parasitica* B T 2 2.5 Hermit crab anemone 2–5 (b) Anthozoa Actinaria Actiniidae Anemonia sp. -
Mollusc Fauna of Iskenderun Bay with a Checklist of the Region
www.trjfas.org ISSN 1303-2712 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12: 171-184 (2012) DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_1_20 SHORT PAPER Mollusc Fauna of Iskenderun Bay with a Checklist of the Region Banu Bitlis Bakır1, Bilal Öztürk1*, Alper Doğan1, Mesut Önen1 1 Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology Bornova, Izmir. * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +90. 232 3115215; Fax: +90. 232 3883685 Received 27 June 2011 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 13 December 2011 Abstract This study was performed to determine the molluscs distributed in Iskenderun Bay (Levantine Sea). For this purpose, the material collected from the area between the years 2005 and 2009, within the framework of different projects, was investigated. The investigation of the material taken from various biotopes ranging at depths between 0 and 100 m resulted in identification of 286 mollusc species and 27542 specimens belonging to them. Among the encountered species, Vitreolina cf. perminima (Jeffreys, 1883) is new record for the Turkish molluscan fauna and 18 species are being new records for the Turkish Levantine coast. A checklist of Iskenderun mollusc fauna is given based on the present study and the studies carried out beforehand, and a total of 424 moluscan species are known to be distributed in Iskenderun Bay. Keywords: Levantine Sea, Iskenderun Bay, Turkish coast, Mollusca, Checklist İskenderun Körfezi’nin Mollusca Faunası ve Bölgenin Tür Listesi Özet Bu çalışma İskenderun Körfezi (Levanten Denizi)’nde dağılım gösteren Mollusca türlerini tespit etmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2005 ve 2009 yılları arasında sürdürülen değişik proje çalışmaları kapsamında bölgeden elde edilen materyal incelenmiştir. -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 555:79
The following supplements accompany the article Spatial and temporal structure of the meroplankton community in a sub- Arctic shelf system Marc J. Silberberger*, Paul E. Renaud, Boris Espinasse, Henning Reiss *Corresponding author: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 555: 79–93 (2016) SUPPLEMENTS Supplement 1. Compiled list of sampled taxa Crustacea: Decapoda: Galathea sp. Munida sp. Philocheras bispinosus bispinosus Carcinus maenas Cancer pagurus Caridion gordoni Eualus pusiolus Lebbeus sp. Polybiidae Hyas sp. Pandalus montagui Atlantopandalus propinqvus Pagurus bernhardus Pagurus pubescens Anapagurus sp. Anapagurus laevis Cirripedia: Verruca stroemia Balanus balanus Semibalanus balanoides Balanus crenatus Lepadidae Bryozoa: Membranipora membranacea Electra pilosa Polychaeta: Amphinomidae Chaetopteridae Spionidae Phyllodocidae 1 Pectinariidae Nephtyidae Polynoidae Aphroditidae Arenicolidae Trochophora (unknown) Syllidae Mollusca: Bivalvia: Hiatella – Type Mya – Type Mytilidae – Type Cardiidae – Type Anomiidae – Type Gastropoda: Velutina velutina Lamellaria latens Lamellaria perspicua Trivia arctica Littorinimorpha – Type Raphitoma linearis Mangelia attenuata Turritella communis Melanella sp. Nudibranchia Pleurobranchomorpha Cephalaspidea & Sacoglossa Pyramidellidae Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea Echinoidea Asteroidea Holothuroidea Various: Nemertea Enteropneusta Phoronida Sipuncula Platyhelminthes Hydrozoa (Actinula) Anthozoa Planula Ascidiacea Unidentified -
The Lower Pliocene Gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire- Atlantique, Northwest France). Part 5* – Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (Fine)
Cainozoic Research, 18(2), pp. 89-176, December 2018 89 The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire- Atlantique, northwest France). Part 5* – Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (fine) 1 2 3,4 Luc Ceulemans , Frank Van Dingenen & Bernard M. Landau 1 Avenue Général Naessens de Loncin 1, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium; email: [email protected] 2 Cambeenboslaan A 11, B-2960 Brecht, Belgium; email: [email protected] 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Instituto Dom Luiz da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias São João, P-8200 Albufeira, Portugal; email: [email protected] 4 Corresponding author Received 25 February 2017, revised version accepted 7 July 2018 In this final paper reviewing the Zanclean lower Pliocene assemblage of Le Pigeon Blanc, Loire-Atlantique department, France, which we consider the ‘type’ locality for Assemblage III of Van Dingenen et al. (2015), we cover the Conoidea and the Heterobranchia. Fifty-nine species are recorded, of which 14 are new: Asthenotoma lanceolata nov. sp., Aphanitoma marqueti nov. sp., Clathurella pierreaimei nov. sp., Clavatula helwerdae nov. sp., Haedropleura fratemcontii nov. sp., Bela falbalae nov. sp., Raphitoma georgesi nov. sp., Raphitoma landreauensis nov. sp., Raphitoma palumbina nov. sp., Raphitoma turtaudierei nov. sp., Raphitoma vercingetorixi nov. sp., Raphitoma pseudoconcinna nov. sp., Adelphotectonica bieleri nov. sp., and Ondina asterixi nov. sp. One new name is erected: Genota maximei nov. nom. is proposed for Pleurotoma insignis Millet, non Edwards, 1861. Actaeonidea achatina Sacco, 1896 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Rictaxis tornatus (Millet, 1854). -
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 19, Number 4 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Sorbeoconcha Gastropods III 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment, Korea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 19, Number 4 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Sorbeoconcha Gastropods III Jun-Sang Lee Kangwon National University Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 19, Number 4 Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Sorbeoconcha Gastropods III Copyright ⓒ 2017 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 978-89-6811-266-9 (96470) ISBN : 978-89-94555-00-3 (세트) Government Publications Registration Number : 11-1480592-001226-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Woonsuk Baek Author : Jun-Sang Lee Project Staff : Jin-Han Kim, Hyun Jong Kil, Eunjung Nam and Kwang-Soo Kim Published on February 7, 2017 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Chlorococcales: 1 Preface The biological resources include all the composition of organisms and genetic resources which possess the practical and potential values essential to human live. Biological resources will be firmed competition of the nation because they will be used as fundamental sources to make highly valued products such as new lines or varieties of biological organisms, new material, and drugs. -
Portadas 25 (1)
© Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus, 26 (2): 133-175, 2008 Las especies del género Chauvetia (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda) del área de Dakar, Senegal, África occiden- tal, con la descripción de diez especies nuevas The species of the genus Chauvetia (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda) from the Dakar area, Senegal, West Africa, with the description of ten new species Joan Daniel OLIVER* y Emilio ROLÁN** Recibido el 6-V-2008. Aceptado el 24-IX-2008 RESUMEN Se revisa el género Chauvetia Monterosato, 1884 en el área de Dakar, Senegal. En total se encontraron 14 especies de las que 4 se asignaron a taxones previamente conocidos. Las 10 restantes son especies nuevas para la ciencia que se describen en el presente tra- bajo. Se muestran fotografías de la concha y detalles de la protoconcha y escultura al Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido. ABSTRACT The genus Chauvetia Monterosato, 1884 in the area of Dakar, Senegal, is revised. In total 14 species were collected, 4 of which were assigned to previously known taxa. The other ten are new species for science which are described in the present work. Photographs of the shells are presented and details of the protoconchs and sculpture are shown with Scan- ning Electron Microscope PALABRAS CLAVE: Buccinidae, Chauvetia, protoconcha, microscultura, especies nuevas, Dakar, Senegal. KEY WORDS: Buccinidae, Chauvetia, protoconch, microsculpture, new species, Dakar, Senegal. INTRODUCCIÓN El género Chauvetia Monterosato, La mayor parte de las especies que 1884 está formado por un grupo bas- hoy se incluyen en Chauvetia han sido tante numeroso de especies que se descritas en trabajos referidos a una encuentran distribuidas por el Medite- determinada zona o área y están bas- rráneo y el Atlántico sureuropeo y nor- tante dispersos en la literatura malacoló- teafricano hasta Senegal, estando gica. -
The Influence of Ocean Warming on the Provision of Biogenic Habitat by Kelp Species
University of Southampton Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Sciences The influence of ocean warming on the provision of biogenic habitat by kelp species by Harry Andrew Teagle (BSc Hons, MRes) A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Southampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2018 Primary Supervisor: Dr Dan A. Smale (Marine Biological Association of the UK) Secondary Supervisors: Professor Stephen J. Hawkins (Marine Biological Association of the UK, University of Southampton), Dr Pippa Moore (Aberystwyth University) i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences Doctor of Philosophy THE INFLUENCE OF OCEAN WARMING ON THE PROVISION OF BIOGENIC HABITAT BY KELP SPECIES by Harry Andrew Teagle Kelp forests represent some of the most productive and diverse habitats on Earth, and play a critical role in structuring nearshore temperate and subpolar environments. They have an important role in nutrient cycling, energy capture and transfer, and offer biogenic coastal defence. Kelps also provide extensive substrata for colonising organisms, ameliorate conditions for understorey assemblages, and generate three-dimensional habitat structure for a vast array of marine plants and animals, including a number of ecologically and commercially important species. This thesis aimed to describe the role of temperature on the functioning of kelp forests as biogenic habitat formers, predominantly via the substitution of cold water kelp species by warm water kelp species, or through the reduction in density of dominant habitat forming kelp due to predicted increases in seawater temperature. The work comprised three main components; (1) a broad scale study into the environmental drivers (including sea water temperature) of variability in holdfast assemblages of the dominant habitat forming kelp in the UK, Laminaria hyperborea, (2) a comparison of the warm water kelp Laminaria ochroleuca and the cold water kelp L.