Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station — Natural Reserve of RAS Russian Foundation for Basic Research ______

MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES

All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference with International Participation dedicated to the 145th anniversary of Sevastopol Biological Station

Sevastopol, 19–24 September, 2016

Proceedings

Volume 2

Sevastopol EKOSI-Gidrofizika 2016 UDC 574.583+574.587:504.064.3 (262.2)

AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING STUDY IN RELATION TO PLANKTON AND BENTHOS IN YUMURTALIK GULF (MEDITERRANEAN SEA, TURKEY)

M. T. Alp1, D. Ayas1, B. Sen2

1Mersin University Fisheries Faculty, Mersin, Turkey, [email protected] 2Firat University Fisheries Faculty, Elazıg, Turkey

This study was performed in coastal water of Yumurtalık Bay along Mediterrenean coast. In accordance with the goal of the study four stations were determined. Water and phytoplankton samples from 5 and 10 m depths through water bottle and plankton net were collected. Macrophytes, mollusc and porifera species were collected from bottom by means of a grab. Species composition of phytoplankton, macrophyte, mollusc and porifera communities were determined. A total of 31 phytoplankton, three macrophyte, 17 mollusc and one porifera taxa were recorded. The occurrence of toxic diatoms Nitzschia longissima, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia lineola were noticable. Keywords: algae, macrophyte, porifera, mollusc, coastal, Mediterranean, Turkey

Coastal waters includes bays and esturiaries range from sandy beaches to rock tidepools; from offshore kelps to the productive fishing areas of the continental. They provide home for an amazing array of plants and animals and recreational havens for millions of people. In fact coastal waters are important as they support various wildlife habitats for many groups of marine organisms such as fishes including coastal salmon, algae and invertebrate animals ect. In addition most of the world’s populations live near coastlines which often attract human development and also provide essential feeding, cover, migration routes, and breeding areas for a broad array of coastal and marine life. Mediterranean is an important sea for Turkey and many other mediterranean countries with respect to biological diversity, sea transportation recreational, historical or aesthetic values and also for being nesting and feeding habitat of sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta) and some which are almost on the edge of extinction. Mediterranean has a long coastline (1707 km) and there are several important bays along the coast of mediterrenean which are all facing with serious pollution problems.Yumurtalık is one the important coastal regions along the coast of Mediterranean situated in İskenderun Gulf (fig. 1). However, an industrial refinery has already been planned to be established on the coastal zone of the bay.This study is aimed to determine conspicous plant and animal organisms belong to various groups living in water and on sediment of Yumurtalık Bay. There are a few studies [1–5] performed previously in the bay.The present study is aimed to contribute to the biological diversity of the Mediterranean and it also will be a record of the organisms present in coastal water and on sediment of Yumurtalık Bay before the establishment of the refinery.

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Fig. 1 Map of the study area

Materials and Methods. Water and phytoplankton samples were taken from 5 and 10 m depths through Hydro-Bios water sampler and hydro-bios plankton net. Macrophytes are collected by hand through scuba diving. A Hydro-Bios sediment grab was used for mollusc and porifera samples. All samplings were done in april. Microscobic observations for the identification of phytoplankton species were done by a Olympus BX51 DIC research microscope whilst Zeiss Discovery-V8 Stereo microscope was used for identification of macrophytes, porifera and mollusca. Results and discussion. A total of 31 phytoplankton, three macrophytes, 17 molluscs and one porifera taxa were recored in the study (table 1).

Table 1 List of planktonic algae, macrophyte, poriphera and mollusc, recorded in Yumurtalık Bay

Planktonic algae Macro algae Poriphera Mollusc Oscillatoriaceae Scyto-Siphonaceae Ircınııdae Strombidae Lyngbya sp. 1 Colpomenia sinuosa Conomurex decorus Ircinia sp. Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini ex (Mertens ex Roth) (Röding, 1798) Gomont 1892 Derbès & Solier in Conidae Fragilariaceae Castagne 1851 Conus mediterraneus Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) (Hwass in Bruguière, Round, 1990 Zonarieae 1792) Ceratoneis closterium Ehrenberg 1839 Padina pavonica Buccinidae Thalassionemataceae (Linnaeus) Thivy Pollia dorbignyi Thalassionema sp. 1 in W.R. Taylor (Payraudeau, 1826) Chaetocerotaceae 1960 Cerithiidae Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve, 1897 Cerithium rupestre Bacteriastrum furcatum Shadbolt, 1854 (Linnaeus, 1758) Bacteriastrum hyalinum Lauder, 1864 Trochidae Chaetoceros sp. 1 Clanculus jussieui Chaetoceros sp. 2 (Payraudeau 1826) Chaetoceros sp. 3 Phorcus turbinatus Chaetoceros Mitra (Bailey) Cleve 1896 (Born, 1778) Chaetoceros affinis Lauder 1864 Naticidae Chaetoceros dadayi Pavillard 1913 Neverita josephina Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow 1863 (Risso, 1826) Chaetoceros similis Cleve 1896 Patellidae 217 Rhizosoleniaceae Patella caerulea Guinardia striata (Stolterfoth) Hasle in (Linnaeus, 1758) Hasle & Syvertsen 1996 Fissurellidae Skeletonemataceae Diodora graeca Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve (Linnaeus, 1758) 1873 Cypraeidae Bacillariaceae Erosaria spurca Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in (Linnaeus, 1758) Pritchard 1861 Arcidae Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Cleve) Barbatia barbata Heiden in Heiden & Kolbe 1928 (Linnaeus, 1758) Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima Glycymerididae (Hasle) Hasle 1993 Glycymeris glycymeris Pseudo-nitzschia lineola (Cleve) Hasle (Linnaeus, 1758) 1965 Mytilidae Pleurosigmataceae Brachidontes Pleurosigma sp.1 pharaonis (P. Fischer, Protoperidiniaceae 1870) Protoperidinium pentagonum (Gran) Chamidae Balech 1974 Chama gryphoides Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) (Linnaeus, 1758) Balech 1974 Donacidae Protoperidinium divergens (Ehrenberg) Donax semistriatus Balech 1974 (Poli, 1795) Protoperidinium oceanicum (Vanhöffen) Mactridae Balech 1974 Mactra stultorum Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh 1881 (Linnaeus, 1758) Ceratiaceae Solenidae Tripos furca (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez 2013 Solen marginatus Tripos lineatus (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez (T. Pennat, 1777) 2013 Spondylidae Prorocentraceae Spondylus gaederopus Prorocentrum sp. (Linnaeus 1758) Carditidae Venericardia antiquata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ircinia sp. Nardo, 1833 (Irciniidae) was the only sponge species whilst 19 Mollusca species were found to occur in Yumurtalık Bay. Conomurex decorus, Conus mediterraneus, Pollia dorbignyi, Cerithium rupestre, Clanculus jussieui, Phorcus turbinatus, Neverita Josephina, Patella caerulea, Diodora graeca and Erosaria spurca were members of gastropoda whilst bivalvia were represented by Barbatia barbata, Glycymeris glycymeris, Brachidontes pharaonis, Chama gryphoides, Donax semistriatus, Mactra stultorum, Solen marginatus, Spondylus gaederopus and Venericardia antiquata. Some taxa are given in fig. 2.

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Erosaria spurca Venericardia antiquata Padina pavonica

Chaetoceros mitra Asterionellopsis glacialis Bacteriastrum hyalinum

Bacteriastrum furcatum Protoperidinium Protoperidinium claudicans pellucidum

Fig. 2 Some taxa recorded in Yumurtalık Bay

Conclusion. Yumurtalık Bay appeared to provide habitat for various kinds of plants and animal communities. Phytoplankton and mollusca communities were richer in number of species compared to those of macrophyte and porifera communities.It is noteworthy to mention that phytoplankton biomass was low ( chlorophyll a concentrartion varied 0.005– 0.009 mg/l) like that in all mediteranean coastal waters probably due to low concentrations of plant nutrients. However the occurrence of toxic diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia lineola were noticable.The seasonal growth dynamics of these toxic diatoms should be monitored regularly significantly as their occurrence in high cell numbers may cause significant damage to the ecosystem. Another important finding of the study was the occurrence of blue-green alga Lyngbya martensiana which is commonly known to be a freshwater form. The study area was found to provide suitable habitat for mollusca community (19 species). However Neverita josephina (66) and Diodora graeca (43) were the more conspicous than others with their higher indiviual numbers. The findings of the present study related to biological diversity of one of the important gulfs along the Mediterranean yielded that coastal waters should monitored regularly and protected as they harbour various kinds of organisms. However all coastal waters along the

219 Mediterranean are under the threats of many environmental factors. In case of Yumurtalık Bay, esteblishment of a planned industrial refinery will be a threat besides other land-based pollution for the plant and animal communities present in the bay.

1. Yılmaz A., Baştürk Ö., Saydam C., Ediger D., Yılmaz K., Hatipoğlu E. Eutrophication in İskenderun Bay, northeastern Mediterranean // Science of Total Environment. 1992. Suppl. P. 705–717. 2. Polat S., Sarıhan E., Koray T. Seasonal changes in the phytoplankton of the northeastern Mediterranean (Bay of İskenderun) // Turkish Journal of Botany. 2000. Vol. 24. P. 1–12. 3. Polat S., Işık O. Phytoplankton distribution, diversity and nutrients at the NE Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Karataş-Adana) // Turkish Journal of Botany. 2002. Vol. 26. P. 77–86. 4. Polat S. Nutrients, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton in the İskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean). P.S.Z.N. // Marine Ecology. 2002. Vol. 23. P. 115–126. 5. Polat S., Olgunoğlu M. P., Akiz A., Koray T. Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Kıyısal sularında (İskenderun Körfezi) dağılım gösteren potansiyel zararlı fitoplankton türleri // E.Ü Su Ürünleri Dergisi. 2006. Vol. 23. P. 169–172.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ ПЛАНКТОНА И БЕНТОСА В ЗАЛИВЕ ЮМУРТАЛЫК (СРЕДИЗЕМНОЕ МОРЕ, ТУРЦИЯ)

М. Т. Алп1, Д. Айас1, Б. Сен2

1Университет Мерсин, факультет рыболовства, Мерсин, Турция, [email protected] 2Университет Фират, факультет рыболовства, Элязыг, Турция

Исследования выполнены в прибрежных водах залива Юмурталык на побережье Средиземного моря. На четырех станциях, определенных в соответствии с целью исследований, отобраны пробы воды и фитопланктона на глубине 5 и 10 м с помощью сосудов и планктонной сети. Макрофиты, моллюски и губки отобраны с помощью бентосного дночерпателя. Определен видовой состав сообществ фитопланктона (31 вид), макрофитов (3), моллюсков (17) и губок (1). Отмечено присутствие токсических диатомовых водорослей Nitzschia longissima, Pseudo- nitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia lineola. Ключевые слова: водоросли, макрофиты, губки, моллюски, побережье, Средиземное море, Турция

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