TABLE OF CONTENTS

Video Summary & Related Content 3 Video Review 4 Before Viewing 5 While Viewing 6 Talk Prompts 8 After Viewing 11 The Story 13 Activity #1: What is ? 18 Activity #2: Activity: Women of Valour 21 Sources 22

CREDITS News in Review is produced by Visit www.curio.ca/newsinreview for an archive of all CBC NEWS and curio.ca previous News In Review seasons. As a companion resource, go to www.cbc.ca/news for additional GUIDE articles. Writer/Editor: Sean Dolan Additional editing: Michaël Elbaz CBC authorizes reproduction of material contained VIDEO in this guide for educational purposes. Please Host: Michael Serapio identify source. Senior Producer: Jordanna Lake News In Review is distributed by: Packaging Producer: Marie-Hélène Savard curio.ca | CBC Media Solutions Associate Producer: Francine Laprotte Supervising Manager: Laraine Bone © 2018 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CARL LUTZ: The Swiss Schindler

Video duration – 10:26

During the Second World War, , a German industrialist and Nazi officer, was credited with saving 1 200 Jews. His story was told by director Steven Spielberg in the award-winning movie Schindler's List. Yet to this day, few know the name of Carl Lutz. Tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews owe their lives to this modest Swiss diplomat. Among them are two Canadians who were helpless children caught up in racial hatred of the Holocaust. CBC reporter Laura Lynch talks to the historian who is telling Lutz's remarkable story.

RELATED CONTENT • Escaping the Holocaust (Ideas) • Love, Hate and Propaganda: Truth and Total War (Part 4 of 6) • Love, Hate and Propaganda: Hiding the Horrors (Part 5 of 6) • News in Review, January 2016 – Mona Parsons: Canada's Nazi Resistance Fighter • News in Review, March 2015 – ​Auschwitz Liberation: 70 Years Later

curio.ca/newsinreview / 3 VIDEO REVIEW

curio.ca/newsinreview / 4 BEFORE VIEWING

1. What do you know about the Holocaust? 2. Who did the Nazis target during this period of history? 3. How devastating were the Nazis’ efforts?

If you feel you need to learn more about the Holocaust before watching the video, go to the first activity in this News in Review guide and watch the “What is the Holocaust?” Education Video Toolbox. These explainers were created by , a centre for Holocaust research: www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLj1tRCohZq81aYbpsLMKimSXh2TibtwJW

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 5 WHILE VIEWING

1. Carl Lutz is: a) Also known as Oskar Schindler b) A man who saved tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews c) Responsible for deporting people during the Second World War

2. Carl Lutz led the biggest civilian rescue operation in the Second World War. TRUE or FALSE?

3. Andrew Simon and his mother sought refuge from the Nazis at what has come to be known as the Brick House . TRUE or FALSE?

4. Gabor Maté’s mother: a) Managed to escape the Nazis with her son b) Was shot by the Nazis on the shores of the Danube c) Gave her son away to a Christian woman to save him from the Nazis

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 6 5. Upon his return to , Lutz was: a) Celebrated b) Incarcerated c) Reprimanded

Carl and Gertrude Lutz were recognized by Holocaust research centre Yad Vashem in 1964 for being Righteous Among the Nations. A ceremony was later held at Yad Vashem in 1977 to honour them for their efforts during the Holocaust. Sadly, Carl Lutz, who died in 1975, was not present for the ceremony.

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 7 TALK NEW PROMPTS

curio.ca/newsinreview / 8 TALK PROMPT #1 Consider pausing the video and giving students the opportunity to talk to an elbow partner for a few minutes or use these questions as part of a class discussion.

Pause the video after the initial interview segment with University of Victoria historian, Charlotte Schallié, @ 00:00 – 02:56 1. Why was Carl Lutz considered an unlikely hero? 2. What motivated Holocaust historian Charlotte Schallié to study the heroism of Carl Lutz? 3. What was it about Lutz that inspired Schallié?

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 9 TALK PROMPT #2

Pause the video @ 07:30 1. What role did the Glass House play in Lutz’s rescue mission? 2. Why do you think Gabor Maté’s mother made the choice to giver her infant son over to the care of a stranger? TALK PROMPT #3

Pause at the end of the video: 1. How was Lutz treated by the Swiss government when he returned home? Why do you think this occurred? 2. Why do you consider Lutz to be a hero?

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 10 AFTER VIEWING Research the legacy of the following three people: • Carl Lutz • • Oskar Schindler Who is the most famous of the three? Who left the greatest legacy? Why would one person be more famous than the others?

Carl Lutz completed his university education in the United State. He earned a B.A. from the school of Law and History at George Washington University in the 1920s before embarking on his diplomatic career.

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 11 What makes me fascinated by [Carl Lutz’s] story is that he was not cut out to be a hero. You know, he was not a risk taker. He was very shy, awkward…. Hardly anybody was aware of him and I felt, this can't be true. And the more I read about him, the more I felt we need to hear about him. – Charlotte Schallié, Holocaust historian THE STORY Minds On what came to be described as To Consider the “Final Solution” to the Prior to the Second World War 1. What is your Jewish problem. Today — over there were over 16 million understanding of the word 70 years after the war — there Jews in the world. The Nazis genocide? How is the are around 13 million Jews murdered six million of those Holocaust an example of living in the world. people. Had the war not genocide? ended with the defeat of the 2. How close did Hitler and Nazis, many more — possibly Definition: the Nazis come to all 16 million people — could Genocide – the deliberate achieving the goals set out have been killed. In fact, in killing of a large group of at the Wannsee 1942 at the Wannsee people. A genocidal event Conference? Conference on the outskirts of involves the targeting of a Berlin, senior Nazi officials certain ethnic, cultural or 3. How would the Holocaust plotted the murder of every religious groups. make the Jewish people a single Jew living in Europe in more resilient population?

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 13 eye, they marched hundreds of international agreements as he Jews to the shores of the helped her into his car while

Danube and began shooting the militia stared in disbelief. them. This is when our unlikely The scene brought a hero — Carl Lutz, the Swiss temporary pause to the killing Vice Consul — took action. A and served as a dramatic

staid, reserved diplomat, Lutz example, at least in part, of the got wind of the atrocity and role Carl Lutz played in The Swiss Vice Consul sped to the scene of the killing orchestrating the largest in his consular vehicle. He humanitarian rescue operation In was deep into the Second jumped from his car, waded of the Second World War. World War when Hitler’s army into the river and pulled a arrived in , . wounded woman out of the The was a far- The Arrow Cross Party militia Danube and declared her a right, pro-German and anti- embraced Nazi rule and, while protected citizen of Semitic organization that came to Hitler’s forces turned a blind Switzerland. He cited power in Hungary in late 1944.

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 14 An unlikely hero people — was in full effect. tie the hands of the occupying Millions of Jews had already forces. He did this through a Which leads many to wonder: been murdered and, with the stroke of genius: from his why is there so little talk of occupation of Hungary, the consular office, Lutz arranged Carl Lutz? The career diplomat Nazis were eager to for the distribution of came from a stint in Palestine apprehend members of the thousands of “protective to a prominent position in the local Jewish population and letters” — that the Nazis Swiss embassy in Budapest, ship them off to Auschwitz. honoured! — allowing a large Hungary, in 1942. Hungary One of the men who stood in portion of the Jewish must have known they were their way: Carl Lutz. population of Budapest to resting squarely in Hitler’s avoid deportation to the crosshairs and, sure enough, Beating them at their own concentration camps. He also the Nazi army occupied game established over 70 safe Hungary in 1944. At this point Lutz essentially beat the Nazis houses around the city — in the war, Hitler’s Final at their own game. He used places he declared to be Solution — the complete bureaucracy and logistics to “Swiss territory.” Once again, destruction of the Jewish

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 15 the Nazis, for the most part, Hero in Hungary, Zero at respected the designation and home (at first) left the Jews (who were living Lutz’s contributions cannot be in unsanitary conditions in understated. While the Nazis these overcrowded buildings) managed to kill over 400 000 alone. The most famous safe Hungarian Jews, 120 000 house was nicknamed the survived. Historians believe “Glass House” because it had that Lutz’s efforts saved over formerly been a glass factory. half of these lives with When Soviet troops liberated estimates ranging from 50 000 Hungary in 1945, over 2 000 to 80 000 Budapest Jews people were living in the finding refuge via Swiss “Glass House.” protective papers or the safe houses.

Carl Lutz memorial, Glass House, Budapest (Source: Globetrotter 19, Wikimedia Commons)

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 16 When the hero of Budapest Budapest. It wasn’t until 1958 Among the Nations” by Yad returned to Switzerland after that his efforts were Vashem, the World Holocaust the war he was greeted by… recognized by his home Remembrance Center in . government. Carl Lutz died in 1975 in , No one. Switzerland. In fact, shortly after his return, Today, Lutz is viewed as a Lutz was reprimanded for hero. In 1965, he was named overstepping his authority in to the list of “Righteous

To Consider 1. Why did many people consider Carl Lutz to be an unlikely hero? 2. What did Lutz do to save the Jews of Budapest from the Nazis and local militias? 3. What kind of reception did Lutz receive upon his return to Switzerland? Why do you think his government reacted the way they did?

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 17 ACTIVITY #1: What is the Holocaust? Preparation Video segments: • Perfecting Industrial Murder Visit the YouTube Channel of • What is the Holocaust? (0:55) – 1942-1945 (3:05) Yad Vashem, the World • The Nazi Rise to Power – These segment titles will help Holocaust Remembrance 1933 (1:35) you understand the evolution Center, and watch the “What is of the Holocaust. • Separation, Exclusion, and the Holocaust?” Education Expulsion – 1933-1939 (1:49) Video Toolbox: www.youtube.com/playlist?list • War and Territorial Expansion – 1939-1941 (1:34) =PLj1tRCohZq81aYbpsLMKimS Xh2TibtwJW • “Operation Barbarossa” – Systemic Murder Begins – Step One: Learning 1941 (1:23) View all seven parts of the • The “Final Solution” video series. This will take you Coalesces – 1942-1945 (3:07) less than 15 minutes.

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 18 Step Two: Going Deeper 4. How did Germany’s only the Soviets, but also conquest of Europe create the Jews, for the Nazis? View the video series a second more concern over the time and answer the following 8. What was Operation “Jewish problem”? questions: Reinhardt? How did the 5. What did the Nazis deem mass murder of Jews by 1. How did the Nazis use the to be the solution to the the military eventually machinery of democracy “Jewish question”? lead to the concentration to strip the Jews of their camp system and the gas rights? 6. What were the ghettos? How was this seen as a chambers? 2. How did the Nazis view way of dealing with the the German people? How Jewish population of did the Nazis view the countries like Poland? Jewish people? 7. How did the invasion of 3. What was Kristallnacht? the Soviet Union Describe what happened represent a clash with not that night.

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 19 9. What was Auschwitz? Step Three: Reflecting How many people were Based on what you have murdered at Auschwitz? learned, how do you feel about 10. What was the “death this epoch in history? What march”? How many Jews stood out for you in your died as the Nazis exposure to the Holocaust? retreated in the face of an What surprised you? Why is it approaching Soviet army? so important to remember what happened during this 11. How did the Nazis succeed in some of their goals? period of history? How did they fail to Summarize your feelings in a achieve their ultimate 200-400 word reflection. goal?

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 20 ACTIVITY #2: Women of Valour Over half of the people Write a brief biography of one • Caecilia Loots honoured at Yad Vashem, the of the following women: • Irene Sendler World Holocaust Remembrance • Klara Baic • Sophia Skipwith Center in Jerusalem, are • Jeanne Daman Suzanne Spaak women. Find out more about • these women and their • Johanna Eck • Maria Agnesse Tribbioli contributions by visiting • Antonia Gordey • Elisabeta Trul “Women of Valor” – Stories of • Lois Gunden women who rescued Jews • Anna Igumnova during the Holocaust: • Karolina Juszczykowska www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/ex Ludviga Pukas hibitions/righteous- • Bronislava Kristopaviciene women/index.asp • Sofia Kritikou

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 21 SOURCES

BBC. (January 4, 2018). The forgotten Swiss diplomat who saved thousands from Holocaust. BBC – Holocaust, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42400765 House of Switzerland. (March 23, 2018). Carl Lutz – The Swiss man who saved tens of thousands of Jews. House of Switzerland: https://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/carl-lutz-swiss-man-who-saved-tens-thousands-jews The Glass House. Carl Lutz. www.uveghaz.org/?categoryId=36526 Yad Vashem. The Righteous Among Nations: Carl Lutz. http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4035632

Carl Lutz: The Swiss Schindler curio.ca/newsinreview / 22