Index

Aalten (Holland): fifty-one Jews hidden in, 425 Adnet, Jules and Marie: save a Abegg, Dr Elisabeth: a rescuer, in Jew, 367 Berlin, 244 Adolph, Krystyna: a rescuer, Abrahams-Emden, S.: recalls her rescuer, 399 111–14 Abrahamsen, Samuel: recounts acts of support and Adriatic Sea: Jews helped to rescue in Norway, 311, 315 escape across, 295 Abramovich, Ariela: saved, 136 Adventists’ Seminary Abramowicz-Wolska, Maryla and (France): Jews sent for refuge to, Feliks: help Jews to survive, 375 118 Aerdenhout (Holland): a young Abramowitch, Maja: see Zarch, Maja Jewish boy finds sanctuary in, Abresch, Father Pio: see Father 408 Agarici, Viorica: saves Jews, 298 Pio Ahlfeld, Eva: given sanctuary, Absil, Walter: and the rescue of his cousin, 389 338; with her rescuers’ two Achille, Father: helps an Italian children, Photo 31 Jewish family escape, 444 Ainsztein, Reuben: writes about ‘actions’ (organized SS killings): 33; Jews saved Righteous Germans in Bialystok, during and after, 91–2, 97, 98, 263–5 100, 101, 104, 166, 256, 264, Albania: Jews saved in, 11, 265, 270, 273 300–2; and the Albanian ‘moral Adama (Poland): an execution at, code’, 523 150 Alechinsky, Drs: shelter two Adler, Ella: recalls no kindnesses, 12–13 Jewish boys, 386–7 Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece: saves Jews, 304–5 Alkmaar (Holland): rescuers in, 408, 413; a ‘health vacation’ in, 420–1 All Saints Church (Warsaw): rescue in, 201

573

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Alpes Maritimes (Italian-occupied France): Italians Ancely, Captain Edmond: and a refuse to enforce anti-Jewish measures in, 435 French rescuer, 343 Alsace: a priest from, provides false papers, 329; Anciaux, Mimi: with two Jewish an SS man from, betrays, 472 children in hiding, Photo 19 Alsace-Lorraine: help for Jewish refugees from, Anderlecht (Belgium): sanctuary 348–9 in, 386 Alsedziai (Lithuania): a priest in, saves Jews, 124 André, Father Joseph: a Belgian Altara, Rahela: saved, with her family, 295–6 rescuer, 375–6 Althoff, Adolf: helps three Jews, Andrioli family: give sanctuary, 236–7 356 Amarant, Oded (‘Dorko’): in hiding, 69, 70–1 ‘Angel of Majdanek’: a Pole, 492 Amato, Albert: recalls a Righteous Italian on the Anger, Per (a Swedish island of Rhodes, 458–9 diplomat): helps Jews in Amato, Lina: saved, 459 , 467 Amelia, Sister: gives sanctuary, ‘Anne-Marie’: an assumed 229 identity, 344 American Emergency Rescue Annemasse (France): a rescuer at, Committee: helps Jews, 26 349 American Friends Service Committee (Quakers): Anti-Defamation League: its help Jewish children to leave France, head, a ‘Hidden Child’, 111 350 anti-Semitism: animates, 12; American $20 gold coin: averts a betrayal, 182 poisons, 14; and a Ukrainian’s Amersfoort (Holland): protesters imprisoned in, curse, 35; and a ‘terrible place’, 393; a rescuer in, 396 94; ‘deep effects’ of, 96; and a ‘Amira’: an assumed name, 297 mother’s curse, 100–1; and Amsterdam (Holland): Jewish self-defence in, 392; murder, 151; ‘I am an anti- Dutch protests in, 392–3; arrest of Jews in, 393; acts of Semite’, 154; and rescuers, rescue in, 395, 153–4, 201–2; repelled by Nazi 399, 403–5, 408; rescuers honoured in, 397; savagery, 184; rebuffed, 189; in deportation from, 403; Jews from, smuggled out of , 246; in Romania, 298; Holland, 413; a ‘health vacation’ from, 420–1; Jewish lacking, in Bulgaria, 309, 523–4; children from, found hiding places in a distant weak, in Belgium, 373; in Holland, village, 425 373; known in Italy as ‘the German disease’, 433; ‘nowhere to be seen’ in Italy, 443 Antonescu, Marshal Ion: Romania’s dictator, 297 Antonowka (Poland): an escape from, 41 Antwerp (Belgium): a Jew rescued from, 15; Jews from, given sanctuary in the Ardennes, 370; Dutch Jews smuggled through, 413, 414 Arad, Yitzhak: and Vilna, 12

574

I N D E X

Aran, Lydia (formerly Lydia Ashkenazys (a Jewish couple): in Gluskin): saved, 111–14 hiding, 380 Arczynksi, Ferdynand: and the Council for Asse (Belgium): a final act of Assistance to the Jews, 186 rescue in, 382 Ardennes Forest: village rescuers in, 370 Assisi (Italy): Jews hidden and Arendonk (Belgium): a Jewish child in hiding in, rescued in, 454–6 378 Asti (Italy): a Jewish family in Armavir (North Caucasus): two hiding near, 446 Jews given shelter in, 55 Athens (Greece): rescue of Jews Armenians: rescuers, 52, 247, 473 in, 304–5; a protective journey to, Arndt, Ellen: rescued, 242 439 Arndt, Erich: a rescuer, in Berlin, Atlantic Wall: defences of, and a 243 rescue scheme, 416 Arnhem (Holland): an act of rescue in, 429 Au Revoir les Enfants (film): a Arnskov, Fanny: helps Danish tribute to a rescuer, 354 Jews, 319 Aubazine (France): Jewish girls Arrow Cross: seize power in in hiding at, 331 Budapest, 469; honour ‘Auntie Maria’: a rescuer, 181–2 ‘protected’ houses, 471; kill Jews in the streets, 471; Auschwitz (Auschwitz- discover Jewish children, and kill them, 472; a refuge Birkenau): views of a survivor of, 14; a survivor of, finds her near daughter, 152–3; a suicide before headquarters of, 473; an SS man protects Jews from, 474; deportation to, 180; a rescuer execute a Roman Catholic rescuer, 475; seize Jews, 476, deported to, for resistance 478; question a pastor, 478; and a Death March, activities, 184; a future leader of 481; Jews rescued from, 481–2; and a ‘miracle’, 484; rescue efforts imprisoned at, 186; a execute two Christian rescuers, 484; a writer wanted by, rescuer’s father sent to, 212; one of in hiding, the 485; final attacks by, 487; a massacre by, averted, first victims at, 228; an Austrian 486–7 rescuer deported to, 249; Oskar ‘Artymowicz, Alexander’: an assumed name, 189 Schindler extracts 300 women Aryan identity cards (and other forged documents): from, 282; Schindler rescues a 96, 101, further 100 deportees from, 283; 118, 151, 154–5, 163, 174, 175, eight Jewish women saved from 176, 178, 180, 192, 195, 201, deportation to, 288; 205–6, 211, 227, 265, 274 deportations to (from Poland) ‘Aryan’ Warsaw: Jews given sanctuary in, 149, 220; (from ) 237, 243, 173–213 244, 263, 279; (from Central Europe and the Balkans), 288, 291, 293, 305; (from Norway), 312 n.4, 316; (from France) 322, 323, 326, 333, 340, 342, 344, 352, 353, 355, 356; (from Belgium), 361, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 373, 374, 378, 386, 388, 457; (from Holland), 394,

575

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Auschwitz (continued) Baarle-Nassau (Holland): an 401, 402, 424, 429 n.67; a deportation to, averted, escape route through, 414 303; (from Italy), 440, 441, 442, 446, Baarn (Holland): the search for a 447, 450; from , 453, safe haven in, 421, 422 461, 463, 464, 466, 467, 468; two Jewish girls in, (Kiev): Jewish revolt at, helped by a Polish prisoner, 506; Jewish women in, 504 helped by a Hungarian fellow-prisoner, 506; a British Babich, Maria: saves a Jewish sergeant’s quest in, 509 boy, 45 Australia: a rescuer emigrates to, Babilinska, Gertruda: saves a 96–7 four-year-old boy, 110–11; Austria: Jews leave, 25; acts of rescue in, 246–50; a Photo 1 factory owner from, helps Jews in Poland, 275–80; Babrungas (Lithuania): six Jews refugees from, find eventual sanctuary in France, hidden in, 121 350–1; refugees from, find sanctuary in Italy, 432; a Babylonian Talmud: cited, 16 deportation on foot towards, from Budapest, 475–6, Badetti, Mother Superior 481; deportations by train to, from Budapest, 481–2, Virginie: shelters Jews, 442 484 Baer, Lore: recalls her years in Auvergne (France): villagers in, shelter Jews, 340 hiding, 408 Avelin, Father: shelters Jews, 382 Baja (Hungary): and the release of Avenue of the Righteous (Yad seven Jewish captives at, 508 Vashem, Jerusalem): 42 n.21, Bak, Samuel: in hiding, 114–16 172, 181, 198, 528 Baker, Mr (a German): his Avenue Louise (Brussels): a Righteous acts, 257–8 ‘miracle’ at, 389 Bakhman, : hidden, 98 Avignon (France): a Jewish couple in hiding Bal, Henri and Gabrielle: provide in, 339 a safe haven, 365–6; help Jews in Avon (France): a rescuer in, 354 hiding, 366 Avondet family (Italy): give Baldowska, Wanda: saves a refuge to a Jewish family, 456–7 Jewish girl, 122 Azzanello di Pasiano Balicka-Kozlowska, (Italy): rescue in, 451 Helena: helps Jews, 203–4 Balicki, Zygmunt and BBC, the: and the morale of those in hiding, 116; Jadwiga: help Jews, 203–4 and news of Allied military successes, 279; and Balonowe Street (Lvov): betrayal ‘news reports’, 289; broadcasts a French bishop’s in, 108 protest, 330 Baltic States: guards from, 14; overrun by Germany, 14 Balul, Antoni: saves four Jews, 117–18 Balul, Wiktoria: helps save two Jews, 117–18 baptism: and rescue, 59, 293, 331, 357, 375, 378, 466, 471, 483 Baptists: save Jews, 11, 38–41, 522

576

I N D E X

Baran, Jozef and Bat Aharon, Lili: records the Eleonora: rescuers, 99–100 story of a rescuer, 241 Baran, Julian: saves a Jewish couple, 95 Batja and Ester (Jewish Baranowska, Jozefa: takes in a sisters): given refuge, 147–8; Jewish child, 159 ‘every step was with love’, 148 Baranszky, Tibor: helps Jews on a Battel, First Lieutenant Death March, 476 Albert: helps Jews, 261–3 Barbie, Klaus: searches for Jewish children, for Batya (Pharaoh’s deportation, 342 daughter): ‘daughter of God’, Barczenko (a Ukrainian guard): a 10 ‘decent Gentile’, 489 Baublis, Dr Petras: saves Jewish Bargen, Herr von: reports to Berlin on Belgian children, 135–6 rescuers, 362 n. 3 Bauer, Professor Baron Hirsch camp (Salonika): and an act of Yehuda: recounts a story of rescue, 439 rescue, 231; and a Jewish Bartel, Professor: supports Jews, rescuer, 323 65 Baum, Karola: and a Righteous Bartolomae, Christian: recalls a German, 271 Righteous fellow-German, 253 Baumstick, Etka: recalls a decent Bartosik, Canon Wojciech: gives shelter, 230 guard, 490 Bartoszewicz, Jan and Zofia: help a Jewish poet, 117 Beatrix, Queen of the Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw: Netherlands: speaks of the records Righteous acts, 154–5; a member of the Council ‘exceptional ones’ (the for Assistance to the Jews (Zegota), rescuers), 431 184 n.16, 186, 190; recounts a story of rescue in Beccari, don Arrigo: an Italian Warsaw, 208; Photo 14 rescuer, 432–3, 440–1, 529 Barudija-Horvatic, Beck, Aleksandra: helps her Bosilijka: saves a Jewish child, 294–5 parents in an act of rescue, 272 Barys, Kazimierz and Beck, Valenti and Julia: save Franciszek: shelter five Jews, eighteen Jews, 272 94 Beckerle, Adolf Heinz: critical of Bascons (France): a rescuer in, Bulgaria for saving Jews, 309 346 Bedzin (Poland): a German Basevi, Giuliana and Emma de rescuer in, 270–1 Angelis: given refuge, 446 Bedane, Albert: a British rescuer, Bastia (Corsica): and an assumed identity, 344 359–60 Beelen, Jan and Wilhelmina: Dutch rescuers, 430 Beelen, Rie and Grada: befriend a Jewish girl in hiding, 430 Beerman, Marius (‘Bob’): a Dutch rescuer, 411–12 Begell, William: recalls a German’s warning, 254–6

577

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Beimer family: hide a Jewish woman, in Benedictine Abbey (Nonantola, Holland, 420 Italy): Jewish children hidden in, Beitler, Lorraine: recounts the rescue of Captain 440–1 Dreyfus’s widow, 355 Benedictine Convent (Vilna): five Bejski, Moshe: saved, 9; recalls Jews saved in, 115 Schindler’s rescue efforts, Benedictines: save Jews, 11, 115, 282–3; and ‘last respects to the dead’, 284; and the 294, 379, 382, 441, 450 ‘Golleschau Jews’, 284–5 Beneschek, Otto: an anti-Nazi, Belgian SS Division: 361 265 Belgium: round-ups in, 14; and the German Bengel, Robert: provides false invasion, 26; acts of rescue in, 361–89; Dutch Jews papers, 329 smuggled through, 413; dislike of German occupation Benoit, Father (Father in, 522–3 Benedetti): saves many Jews, Belgium Street (): help for a Jewish 442 orphanage on, 289 Berat (Albania): Jews taken to, for Belkov, Kira and Dmitry: shelter two Jews, 54 safety, 301, 302 Bellaria (Italy): Jews hidden in, Bereczky, Pastor Albert: helps 447 Jews, in Budapest, 480 Bellegem, Sisters of Berger, Joseph: reports on the (Belgium): give refuge, 382 commemoration of a rescuer, Belsen concentration camp: a survivor of, 153; a 383–4 mother liberated in, 221; Kosovo Jews sent to, 301; Bergl, Zdenko: finds refuge in a Dutch rescuer dies in, 406; a Jew in hiding, Italy, 447 arrested and sent to, 506 Bergman, Karol and Roza: saved, Belzec: a death camp, 63, 77, 101, with Roza’s mother, 86 167, 178, 227; deportations to, Bergmann, Wilhelm: an act of 251, 262; a memorial at, and the murder of Poles ‘who kindness by, 505 tried to save Jews’, 142; gassing at, witnessed, 262 Berkowitz, Celina: saved, 151; in Belzer Rebbe (Aaron a Polish orphanage, Photo 43 Rokeach): given protective documents in Berlin: a Righteous diplomat in, Budapest, 471; the fate of his family, 471–2 25; a Righteous aristocrat in, Ben (a seminarian): helps a Jew in hiding, 67 232–3; ‘very bad news’ reaches, Benedetti, Sister Emilia: shelters 235; a Jewish pharmacist from, Jews, 442 hidden in Pomerania, 237; a Benedictine Abbey (Liège, Belgium): shelters journey to, bringing help to Jews, Jews, 382 239; a protest in, 244; a deportation from, 245; a Righteous pacifist in, 245–6; a rescue scheme devised in, 252; food parcels from, and a German’s generosity, 257; a German’s mission of protest to, 317; protests to, about Italian help for Jews, 438, 443; a protest to, about Swiss diplomats helping Jews in Budapest, 467

578

I N D E X

Bernarda, Sister: gives refuge, Biezanow (Poland): and an act of 229 rescue, 247 Bernovits, Vilma: a rescuer, executed, 484 ‘Big Ghetto’ (also ‘Sealed Bertrand family Ghetto’): established in (Belgium): shelters Jews, 381 Budapest, 447; five hundred Besekow, Sam: rescued, with his parents, 318–19 children released from, 477; Besinne-Arbre (Belgium): a Jew hidden in, 367 Wallenberg helps avert Bessarabia: Jews from, find refuge, 53 massacre in, 487; liberated, 487; Bialka (Poland): Poles executed in, for helping Jews, survivors in, 488 155 Bijeljina (Yugoslavia): rescue in, Bialkowski, Boleslaw and 295 Zofia: hide Jews, 90 Bilecki family (Lewko, Genko, Bialostocha, Walentyna: gives shelter, 201; dies in Roman, Julian, Jaroslawa and a concentration camp, 201 Anna): help save Jews, 92–3 Bialowarczuk, Lucyna and Bilthoven (Holland): three Waclaw: save a Jewish child, rescuers in, 409 153 Bingham, Hiram: helps Jews, 26 Bialy, Kazimierz and Janina: hide Birger, Zev: recalls an act of Jews, 145 kindness in a slave labour camp, 502 Bialystok (Poland): an act of rescue in, 27; further Birkenau see Auschwitz help in, Birnbaum, Charlotte: she and her 29; Jews sent from, for safety, family given refuge, 370 100; Council for Assistance to the Jews in, 186; Jews Birnbaum, Gertrud: hidden, 237 helped to reach, 256; Germans in, help Jews, 263–7 Birnbaum, Lazar and Frida: hand Bible, the: and Jews in hiding, over their baby for safety, 377–8 39, 478–9; a teacher of, saves a Jew, 60; and an escape Birnbaum, Marguerite-Rose: in from a Death March, 482; and ‘the spirit and idea of hiding, 377–8; with the son of her man’, 530 rescuers, Photo 24 Biczyk, Jozef and Helena: shelter two Jewish girls, Bischof, Franz (a Swiss 178–9; Photo citizen): hides Jews in 10 Budapest, 477; Photo 53 Biderman, Sara: saved, 204 Bixhiu, Nadire: finds places of Bielany (near Warsaw): and a spurious baptism, refuge for eighty Jews, 302 147 Blau, Leslie: describes a gesture Bielski brothers (Jewish partisans): Jews join, 43–4 of sympathy in Hungary, 461–2; Bieser, Walter: in hiding, 380 describes an act of rescue in Hungary, 511 Blessed Are The Meek (Zofia Kossak): 184 Bloch, Gerda and Doris: given sanctuary, 401–2 ‘Blokland, Dorothea’: an assumed identity, 402 Bludenz (Austria): a Jew accompanied to, 151

579

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Blum, Gilbert: saved, 327 n.13 helped, 265; in an anti-Nazi Bobolice (Poland): rescue in, cell, 265 143–4 Bolzano (Italy): a deportation Bobowa (Poland): a young Jewish boy from, finds from, 446 refuge, 228 Bonhomme, Juliette: hides a Bobrovski family: help Jews, Jewish mother and her three 43–4 sons, 343, 345 Bochnia (Poland): Council for Assistance to the Bonyhad (Hungary): a gesture of Jews in, 186; a Jewish family hidden near, sympathy in, 461–2; help during a 224–5; a factory in, gives shelter to Jews, 277 Death March through, Bodart family (Belgium): shelters 511 Jews, 381 Boom (Belgium): rescuers in, 371 Boden, Arnold: helps a Jewish girl, 258–9 ‘Borek’: an assumed surname, Bodson, Victor: his acts of rescue, 102 390 Boris, King (of Bulgaria): church Boegner, Pastor Marc: issues clear instructions men protest to, 307, 309; the effect for rescue, of public protests on, 524 375 Borki (Poland): a Polish priest Bogaard, Johannes: a rescuer, helps a survivor of revolt at, 505 395; with two Jewish girls, Photo 30 Bormann, Martin: ordered to Bogaard, Willem: saves twenty children, 395; with make an arrest, 262 two Jewish girls, Photo 30 Born, Friedrich (a Swiss Bogarde, Dirk: plays a Righteous citizen): his rescue efforts in British sergeant, 509 n.29 Budapest, 471, 477; Photo 52 Bogomolnaya, Rivka Lozanska: in hiding, 127–8 Bornstein, Hassia: helped by a Boguty Milczi (Poland): Jews hidden in, 146 n German, 266–7 14 Borowczyk (a shoemaker): helps (): three a Jew, 151 Jews given shelter in, 288 ‘Borowska’: a name in hiding, 89 Bohemian Brothers: a preacher in the church of, Boryslaw (Eastern 289 Galicia): rescuers and rescued in, Bohic, Pauline: a rescuer, 357 97–8 Bohny, August: shelters Jews, Borzykowski, Chana and 336 Benjamin: deported, 374–5 Bohr, Niels: saved, 319–20; his biographer, rescued Borzykowski, Jacky: in hiding, in Holland, 374; with his parents before 405 going into hiding, Photo 15 Boinski (a farmer): helps Jews, 43 Borzykowski, Tuvia: and some of Bole (a German): his Jewish wife the ‘finest personalities of the Polish people’, 190; given shelter, 199 Bosko, Oswald: a Viennese, helps Jews in Cracow, 276–7; executed, 277 Bosnia: Jews saved in, 11, 296

580

I N D E X

Bouge (Belgium): Jewish families in hiding in, 381 Brillenburg-Wurth, Dr: a Dutch Boyarskyi, Brother: helps a Jew, rescuer, 413 67 Britain: takes in Jewish refugees, Braham, Randolph: reflects on 25; ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in, Hungarian rescue efforts, 466 26 n.1; Jews reach, after the war, 50, Braine-l’Alleud (Belgium): a 388; a Dutch rescuer emigrates to, Jewish girl in hiding in, 377 409 n.38; issues Palestine Brann, Henry Walter: recalls a certificates for Jews in Budapest, ‘valiant churchman’, 233–4 469; ten soldier- rescuers from, Branquino, Carlos de Liz- 513–17 Texeira: his rescue efforts in British army: liberates, 221, 451 Budapest, 470 Brittany (France): a place of Bratislava (Slovakia): Righteous acts in, 293, 294 refuge in, 357 Braun, Felicia: given sanctuary, Brive (France): Jews smuggled 73–5 from, 324 Brauns, Jack: recounts an act of kindness in Dachau, Brno (Czechoslovakia): Oskar 501–2 Schindler’s mission of mercy to, Brauns, Dr Moses: and an act of kindness in Dachau, 283 501–2 Brody (Eastern Galicia): rescue Bredoux, Sister Marie- in, 64, 91; Italian soldiers in, help Jews, 433 Gonzague: provides Sabbath candles, 331 Bron family: and a Jew seeking Breendonk (Belgium): an execution at, 387 sanctuary, 36–7 Brejna family: rescuers, 174–5 Bronchart, Léon: refuses to drive Brenner, Aron: saved, 90 n.30 deportation train, 324 Brenner, Mosze and Bronna Gora (eastern Rozalia: saved, 90 n.30 Poland): massacre at, 46 Breslau (Germany): a refugee from, found sanctuary in Brousse, Madame (Jeannette Italy, Maurier): helps Jews escape to 450 , 348–9; reflects on her Brest-Litovsk (eastern motivation, 527 Poland): rescue in, 46–7; Council for Assistance to Bruess, Johannes: a German the Jews in, 186 rescuer, 129 Brichta, Frantisek (Frank Bright): recalls a Bruges (Belgium): Jews in hiding Righteous act, 287 in, 376 Briedys, Janis: rescues Jews, 56 Bruining, Dr Nicolette (‘Tante Briër, Frans and Maria: Dutch rescuers, 423–4 Co’): a Dutch rescuer, 420–1, Brik, Aaron (Aharon 422 Barak): saved, 129 Bruinvelds, Ezechiel and Anna: murdered at Sobibor, 429 n.67 Brunnlitz (): ’s factory in, 280, 282, 283 Bruno (a Byelorussian): ‘not one of the nicer people’, 49

581

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Brussels (Belgium): refugees from, find sanctuary Budzanow (Eastern Galicia): a in France, Jewish family saved in, 88 350; help to Jews in, 362, Bug River: flight towards, after 373–4, 380, 381, 382; a rescuer in, honoured after betrayal, 149; a Pole helps liberation, Jewish escapees at, 504 385; Dutch Jews smuggled through, 413, 414 Buggenhout, Clementine and Brygier, Lucy: in hiding, Photo Edouard Frans: Belgian 22 rescuers, 378 Brygier, Sarah: in hiding, Photo Buggenhout (Belgium): a Jewish 22 child in hiding in, 375 Brzezany (Eastern Galicia): Jews from, find a safe Bukovina: Jews from, find refuge, haven, 95, 53; Jews of, find a champion, 104–7 298–9 Brzuchowice (Eastern Bukovinsky (a priest): encourages Galicia): and a Jewish boy in hiding, 68 an act of rescue, 37 Bucharest (Romania): a protest to, Bulgaria: Jews of, saved from 299 deportation, 306–9, 523 Buchenwald concentration camp: the husband of a Bulgarian Orthodox Righteous German dies in, 374; Jews deported to, Church: takes a lead, 308–9 Buna-Monowitz (East Upper 392; a Dutch rescuer imprisoned in, 415 Silesia): a courageous British Buchter, Marie: hides Jews, in sergeant at, 508–9 Holland, 404–6 Bund, the (Jewish Social Buchter, Tina (Dr Tina Strobos): hides Jews, in Democratic Workers Holland, 404–6; with one of those in hiding, Party): and ‘Aryan’ Warsaw, Photo 26 196; a leader of, in hiding, 206 Budapest (Hungary): a boy and his parents in hiding Bunel, Lucien-Louis (Père Jacques in, 407 n.31; Eichmann and his SS Commando reach, of Jesus): see Père Jacques 461; Eichmann turns his attention to, Burdzynski (a Pole): helps Jews, 466–7; acts of rescue in, 466–7; a ‘gentile woman’ 30 from, helps Jewish fellow-prisoners in Auschwitz, Burlingis, Pawel and 506; motivation of a rescuer in, 521 Wiktoria: save a Jewish baby Budishevskaya, Floriya: saves a girl, 118 Jewish boy, 47 Burzec (Poland): betrayal at, 169 Budnowska, Sister Tekla: hides Busold, Stanislawa: saves a new- Jewish girls, 89 born Jewish child, 197 Budrikene, Lusia: a rescuer, 111 Busse, Otto: helps Jews, 266–7; reflects on his ‘Christian conscience’, 526 Bussum (Holland): two Jewish couples given refuge in, 398 Butrin, Adam: hides Jews, 166 Buzhminsky, Yosef: witnesses the execution of rescuers, 230 Byelorussia: acts of rescue in, 45–52

582

I N D E X

Byelorussians: help Jews, 43–5; Catholic Front for the Reborn help Germans, 49 Poland: its head, leads rescue efforts, 184 Cabaj, Jan: saves a Jewish girl, Catholic League for Religious and 210 Civil Rights (USA): and a Cabaj, Stanislawa: shelters two wartime papal injunction, 437 Jewish girls, 146–7 n.10 California (USA): a Righteous Catholic University of Lublin: a German settles in, 275 Polish rescuer at, 190 n.28 Calmeyer, Hans-Georg: helps Cavilio, Josef: sheltered, with his Jews, 267–70 family, 296 ‘Calmeyer’s List’: Jews on, saved from deportation, Celiny (Poland): a rescuer in, 164 269 Centnerszwer, Professor Calvinists: save Jews, 395, 397, Mieczyslaw: sheltered, 463 denounced, executed, 205 ‘Camp of the Ants’: Jewish children find refuge at, Ceresole d’Alba (Italy): a safe 348 haven, 453 Canada: ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in, 26 n.1; Chameides, Leon: in hiding, survivors in, 111 67–9; seeks recognition for a rescuer, 72 Canadian soldiers: liberators, 430 Chameides, Zwi (later Zwi Canale d’Alba (Italy): Jews in hiding in, 451–2 Barnea): in hiding, 67–71 Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: helps Chamonix (France): Jewish Jews leave Germany, 236 children saved in, 347 Capuchin Banneux homes Champagnat Institute of the Order (Belgium): shelter Jews, 382 of St Mary (Budapest): rescue Capuchin convent (Rome): help for Jews in, 441–2 efforts by, 472 Carcassonne (France): a rescuer in, 343 Champagne, Gaston and Carl Fredriksen Transport Organization: helps Josephine: provide refuge, 366 Jews escape, 314 Channel Islands: an act of rescue Carmelites: and the rescue of in, 359–60 Jews, 354, 374 Charaszkiewicz, Maria: saves her Carpathian Mountains: a worker from, helps a Jew, 88 Jewish dentist, 77–9; further Cassulo, Archbishop Righteous acts by, 172–3 Andrea: appeals, in vain, 299 Charaszkiewicz, Mr: and a Jewess Castle Hill (Budapest): and a in hiding, 77–9 Righteous pastor, 480 Charité (Budapest): nuns of, hide Castle, John: his book about a Righteous British eleven Jews, 473 soldier, 509 n.29 Château de la Guette (near Paris): Jewish children hidden in, 326 Château de La Hille (France): Jews find refuge at, 350–2 Château Lafayette (France): Jews find refuge at, 339

583

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Chavagnes-en-Paillers (France): Jewish Church of Scotland Mission children given sanctuary in, 334 (Budapest): a British subject at, Chavagniac (France): Jewish children given deported to Auschwitz, 464 refuge in, 339 Church Slavonic alphabet: and Chazan, Arje: given refuge, with his wife and two Jewish boys in hiding, 68 children, 145–6 Churchill, Winston S.: denounces Chelm (Poland): two Jewesses from, hidden in ‘mass deportation’ from France, Warsaw, 201 324–5 Chemnitz (Germany): a German doctor’s act of Ciney (Belgium): Jews hidden in, rescue near, 381 505–6 circumcision: and rescue, 61, 70, Chicago: a rescuer settles in, 28 71, 79, 175–6, 224, 231, 260, Chiesa family: help a Jewish family in Italy, 345, 441 448, 450 Città di Castello (Italy): rescue in, Chigier, Jerzy: saved, with his wife and 450 children, 84 Citterich, Lina and Vittoria: save Children of organization (Warsaw): a Jewish girl, 305 103 Ciuccoli family: help an Italian Chmielnik (Poland): two Jewish children from, Jewish family, 444–6 rescued, 164; and a false identity card, 227 Claims Conference (New chocolate: and a successful rescue stratagem, York): gives financial support to 509 rescuers, 34 Chodnikewicz, Maryla: helps two Clermont-Ferrand Jewish girls at Auschwitz, 506 (France): Jewish girls Cholopiny (Poland): Jews sheltered in, 34 sheltered in, 341 Choms, Wladyslawa: the ‘Angel of Lvov’, 63–5 Clobert, Jules: finds a safe haven Chopin: his music, and a Jew in hiding, 50 for a Jew, 367 Chotiner, Zygmunt: saved, 64–5 Codogni, Karol: ‘humaneness’ of, Christian Committee to Save Jews 104 (Assisi, Italy): 456 Codogni, Stanislaw: helps Jews Christian X, King (of in hiding, 104–5 Denmark): objects to German plans, 318 Cohen, Jacques, Alfred and Elia: Christianity: Jews converted to, a Greek princess facilitates their 15 escape, 304–5 Christman, Mr: saves Jewish boys, 285–6 Cohen, Rachel: given refuge with Christmas Eve: gifts on, 74; a festive dinner on, her son and daughter, 304–5 146 collaboration: 13–14, 407, 419 Chumatkowski family: give refuge, 206 College of Cévenol (France): Jews rescued in, 335 Collm, Ludwig: in hiding, 240 Collognes (France): sanctuary in, 375 Comba, Maria and Alfredo: help hide Jews, 457 Comité de Défense des Juifs (CDJ): in Belgium, 361, 363

584

I N D E X

Commandeur, Thames: a rescuer, in Holland, 402 Jews in, 186, 189; blackmail in, Communism: fall of, 12 194; acts of rescue in, 214–24, Convent of the Good Shepherd 260, 275, 370 n.17, 489; Jews (Budapest): hides Jewish girls, helped to reach, 277 472 Cracow Conservatory of Music: a Convent of Sacré Coeur (Budapest): hides Jewish graduate of, rescued, 169 women and children, 473 Croatia: collaboration in, 14; Convent of the Sacred Heart (Città di Castello, Italy): a murder and rescue in, 294–6; a Jewish family in hiding in, 451 Jewish boy from, finds refuge in Convent of the Sacred Heart (Przemysl, Poland): Italy, 447 Jewish children given refuge in, 229 Crysostomos, Archbishop: sends Convent of Stigmatique Nuns Jews to safety, 306 (Assisi, Italy): hide Jews, 455 Csizmadia, Malvina: helps Jewish Cooper, Grazyna: and her mother’s rescue, 88 forced labourers, 463; Photo 57 n.28 Cukierman, Doba-Necha: saved, Copenhagen (Denmark): a German warning in, 317; with her family, 154 a failed deportation mission to, Cuorgné (Italy): refugees in 318; public indignation in, 320 hiding in, smuggled to Corfu (Greece): a boat from, 306 Switzerland, 451 Cornement-Louveigné Czarne na Bialem (‘Black on (Belgium): Jews given shelter in, 369 White’): a newspaper that Corsica: a woman from, and rescue documents, supported Jews, 65 344 Czarny Dunajec (Poland): a Pole Côte d’Azur (France): Germans distressed by Italian executed in, for helping Jews, protection of Jews in, 437 141 Count of Monte Cristo Czechoslovakia: help for Jews in, (Dumas): and ‘moments of light’, 98 287–93; refugees from, given Courtrai (Belgium): Jews in hiding in, 376 sanctuary first in Norway, then Covens family: Dutch rescuers, , 313; parts of, annexed by 421–2 Hungary, 460 Coward, Sergeant Charles: saves Jews at the Buna- Czekala, SS Sergeant: ‘a very Monowitz slave labour camp, 508–9 good sort’, 491 Cracow: a recollection from, 13; a protest from, 81; Czeret, Arieh: finds refuge, 87–8 General- Government ruled from, 140; Council for Czerniejew (Poland): a peasant Assistance to the rescuer in, 146 Czernowitz (Romania): the Mayor of, intercedes on behalf of Jews, 298–9 Czestochowa (Poland): help for Jews in, 499; acts of kindness in, 499–500 Czortkow (Eastern Galicia): a journey to, 71 Czystylow labour camp (Eastern Galicia): and the rescue of a Jewish child, 76

585

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Dabrowa (Poland): a young child in hiding in, 216– Dauman, Joseph: rescued, with 18 twelve members of his family, Dabrowica (Poland): a Jew from, rebuffed, 35 143 Dachau concentration camp (near David, Nicole (formerly Nicole Munich): a rescuer sent to, Schneider): the saga of her 122; a Righteous pastor sent to, rescue, 366–8 235; a priest dies on the way to, Dawidowicz, Lisa: rescued, with 236; a French Bishop imprisoned in, 341; a survivor her family, 30 of, 375; a rescuer and resister dies in, 378; a Dutch Day of Atonement: an act of rescuer sent to, 396; an Italian rescuer perishes in, rescue on, 57 459; an act of kindness in, 501–2 De Bisshop, Father Luc: hides Daley, Robert: told of French rescue efforts, two Jewish boys, 386 336 De Breuker, Father Damaskinos, Archbishop: orders Anton: shelters a Jewish girl, Jews to be hidden, 304 374 Dambrauskas, Father: saves Jews, De Graff family: Dutch rescuers, 124 411 Danieli, Dan (Denes De Jong, Louis: records Dutch Faludi): saved, with his family, 474 ‘indignation’, 392; records a Danielsson, Carl Ivan (Swedish diplomat): ‘yellow star’ protest, 392 helps Jews in Budapest, 468 De la Croix, Sister Marthe: a Danilowicz, Teresa: shelters two rescuer, 341 Jews, 136 De Vries, Helena: rescued with Danish–Swedish Refugee Service: helps Danish her children, 426 Jews escape, 320 De Vries, Dr Maurits: ‘relatively Dankiewicz (a Pole): hides a few . . . were saved’, 13; his own Jewish woman in a stove, 210 Dante’s Inferno: a scene from, rescuers recalled, 426 389 Death Marches: from Budapest, Danube River: executions on banks of, 472, 478, 475, 476, 481, 482; in the final 484, 486 months of the war, 509–17 Danzig (Free City of): British prisoners of war Debar (Albanian-occupied working near, save a Jewish girl, 514–16 Yugoslavia): Jews saved in, Darcissac, Roger: a rescuer, 337 302 Darmstadt (Germany): a ‘Jew- lover’ forced to Debica (Poland): a Jewish woman leave, 267 from, rescued, 247 Daughters of Charity (Asse): and a final act of Deblin (Poland): and two ‘decent’ rescue, 382 Germans in a slave labour camp, 498 Della Costa, Cardinal Elia: helps Jews, 440 ‘Denier’: an assumed name, 329 Denmark: rescue of Jews of, 316–21, 523 Department of the Righteous (at , Jerusalem): 60,

586

I N D E X

80, 213, 269, 520; the head of, once an escapee, 349 Dohnanyi, Hans von: helps a Derer, Pastor Julius: saves Jewish children, 293 Righteous German pastor, 235; Derksen, Carl-Johann and saves fourteen Jews, 236 Helene: rescuers, in Holland, Dominican Convent (Lubbeek, 401 Belgium): hides six Jewish Desirée, Father de Wolf: a girls, 376–7 Belgian rescuer, 375 Don Vincenti, Father Federico Deutschkron, Inge: in hiding, (‘Father Guardian’): hides 240–1 Jews, 454 Dhont, Willie: a Dutch rescuer, Donadille, Pastor Marc: helps 401 Jews, 338; his two children, with Di Marco, Mario: helps Jews in a Jewish girl in hiding, Photo Rome, 442 31 Diamand, Dr Salim: ‘I never found racism in the Donat, William: and his rescuers, Italians’, 181–2 432 Dora-Mittelbau slave labour Diamond, Margit: recalls a brave man, 245 camp: French rescuers deported Diamond Workers Union (Holland): its founder, to, 324, 331; a Dutch rescuer in hiding, 406 imprisoned in, 415 Dimitrov, Rubin: hides twenty Dossin detention camp (German- Jews, 307 occupied Belgium): some Jews Dincq, Marie-Josephe: a Belgian rescuer, 377–8 rescued from, 363; deportation Dincq, Mark: with a Jewish girl hidden by his parents, from, 374 Photo 24 Douvaine (France): a rescuer at, Dincq, Pierre: a rescuer, and a resister, 377–8 349 Diosgyor (Hungary): a miracle in, Douwes, Albert: finds hiding 464 Dniester river: and village rescuers, 53; and a places for Jewish children, 425 Jew in hiding, 71 Diamonds in the Snow (film): 141 Dobraczynski, Jan: helps children’s section of Council n.6 for Assistance to the Jews, 188 Drancy (Paris): a deportation to, Dobrowolski, Stanislaw: helps thwarted, 323; food and clothing Jews in hiding, 188 taken to, 331; children smuggled Dociszki (Poland): Jews sheltered in, 30 out of, 331; internment at, 347; Dohany Street Synagogue (Budapest): and the name of betrayed children deported from, a Righteous priest, 478 352; a couple sent back from Switzerland, deported from, 355 Dresden (Germany): a Jewish refugee from, hidden in Holland, 402; three escapees from a Death March near, given refuge, 517–18 Dreyfus, Professor Amos: recalls his rescuers, 343–5

587

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Dreyfus, Inès (Inès Vromen): her rescuers, 329 Duysenx, Paul: hides a Jewish Dreyfus, Lucie: given refuge, boy, 362 354–5 Dvach, Anna: saves Jews, 45–6 Dreyfus, Madeleine: finds refuge, with her three Dvinsk (Latvia): an act of rescue sons, 343–4; escapes a round-up, 344–5 in, 58 Drohobycz (Eastern Dvorkina, Ludmila: saved, with Galicia): rescuers in, 95–6, her mother, 53 251 Dworzecki, Dr Mark: saved, 118 Dryzin, Isaak: rescued, with his brother, 57 Dyrda, Maria: saves a five-year- Drzwiecka, Aleksandra: takes two old Jewish girl, 141 Jewish children, 118 Dzienciolska, Bella: saved, 44–5 Dubois, Maurice and Eléonore: help shelter Jewish children, 350–1 East Prussia: a Jewish child Duckwitz, Georg hidden on an estate in, 244 Ferdinand: alerts Danish Jews, Eastern Galicia (Poland): rescue 317; Photo 45 in, 63–109 Dufour, Remond: a Dutch rescuer, 408; with his Edelman, Ben: saved by a own son and the Jewish boy in hiding, Photo 40 German farmer, 512–13 Dukla (Poland): and a compassionate German Edgar, Boy and Mia: save a truck driver, 494 Jewish girl, 429–30 Dullin (France): rescuers in, 342 Edwards, Alan: helps save a Dumas, Alexandre: provides Jewish girl, 515–16 ‘moments of light’, 98 Eger (Czechoslovakia): an act of Dunin-Wasowicz, rescue in, 288 Krzysztof: helps a fellow Ehrenzweig, Rosa: rescued, 399 ‘human being’, 189–90 Eibergen (Holland): a hiding Dupnitza (Bulgaria): and a churchman’s place near, 419 protest, 307 Eichmann, Adolf: protests to a Durant, Bile: a Belgian rescuer, German pastor, 235; his office in 386–7 Berlin, 240; lists Jews for Dutch Brigade: in action deportation, 316; his deputy (1944–5), 415 thwarted, in Denmark, 318; Dutch Communist Party: calls a general strike, warned of ‘harmony’ between 392 Italian troops and Jews, 435; Dutch Synagogue (Brussels): a rescuer honoured learns that Italian troops have in, after liberation, 385 ‘used force’ to free Jews, 436; ‘Duteil, Madame’: an assumed identity, 355 reaches Hungary, 461; turns his attention to Budapest, 466; leaves Budapest, 469; returns to Budapest, 470; begins deportations by foot, towards Austria, 475; helped by Arrow Cross, 481; leaves Budapest, 484 Eichmann Trial (Jerusalem): evidence at, 42,

588

I N D E X

141, 234; the prosecutor at, thanks Norwegian search, 342–3; reflects on the Resistance’s rescue efforts, 315 motives of his rescuers, 527 (SS killing squads): 27, 33, 55, 60, Erdmann, Emmy: her acts of 63, rescue, 246 100 Erika (a Jewish girl): saved, in Einstein, Albert: his biographer’s rescuer, 405 Vienna, 248 Eisenberg, Roma: submits testimony about her Erlihmann, Moussia: a rescuer, rescuer, 346–7 202 Essen (Ruhr): a rescuer in, 241 Eisenstadt, Felix: saved, 333 Esterowicz, Ida and Ejszyszki (Poland): Jews escape from, 30 Samuel: saved, 253 Elbasan (Albania): Jews sheltered in, 302 Estonia: two rescuers in, 60 Elena, Queen Mother of Estonians: and collaboration, 14 Romania: helps Jews, 299 Ethnic Germans Elens, Armand: a Belgian rescuer, (Volksdeutsch): and acts of 377 rescue, 79, 272; and an act of elephants: and an act of rescue, defiance, 212; widespread, 251; 236–7 and a decent guard, 490; their bad Eliach, Yaffa: recalls her family’s rescue, 31–2; and a reputation, 496 Europe: ‘islands of exception in’, Catholic couple’s act of rescue, 217 15 Elias, Benjamin: his non-Jewish wife’s efforts on Evian-les-Bains (France): Jews behalf of, 508 hidden in, and around, 349 Elisabeth, Queen Mother of evil: ‘easily perpetuates itself’, 524 Belgium: intercedes, 364, 368 extortionists: ‘the bane of Jews in Eliza (a Polish woman): helps hiding’, 183; Polish Jews in hiding, 208 Government-in-Exile warns Elzbieta (a new-born Jewish child): saved, 197 against, 190; and rescuers, Emalia Factory (Cracow): an infirmary at, 282 204–5; ever active, 205 Enciel, Raymond: in hiding, victim of an SS reprisal, 358 Faber, Reverend Adriaan and Encyclopaedia of the Ank: rescuers, in Holland, 401 Holocaust: entries in, about rescuers, 305, 430 Fain, Audrée: in hiding with her Enschede (Holland): a rescue organization in, 430 daughters, Photo 36 Epe (Holland): two Jewish girls given sanctuary in, Fain, Nadine: her rescuers, 341; 401 photographed with her mother Eppel, David: reports on an SS and sisters, Photo 36 Fajnsztejn, Alicja and Zofja: given shelter, with their parents, 178–9; with their rescuers, Photo 10 false papers: and rescue, 241, 252, 257, 301, 328, 331, 338, 344, 348, 386, 413, 415–16, 421, 423, 424; in Italian Zone of France, 437; in Greece, 439;

589

T H E R I G H T E O U S false papers (continued) Finkelsztajn, Menachem: saved, in Italy, 441, 447, 451, 457, 459; 29 in Hungary, 473; in Budapest, Finland: rescue of Jews in, 316, 479, 483 523 ‘Fanchet, Irene’: an assumed name, 340 First Communion: and Jewish Father Bruno (Père Bruno): a rescuer, 379–85; girls in hiding, 74–5, 149, 371; reflects on his motivation, 522; with some of his Photo 20, Photo 41 Jewish children, Photo 21 Fischer, Dr Ludwig: his harsh ‘Father Guardian’ (Father Federico decree, 172 Don Vincenti): saves Jews, Fischler, Leon (Jehuda Yinon): in 454 hiding, 376 Father Marko: shelters Jews, 70–1 Fischler-Martinho, Janina: finds a Father Pio (later Saint): hides a rescuer, 214–15 Jewish refugee, 453 Fisher, Bill: helps save a Jewish Father Ufryjewicz: helps save a girl, 514–15 Jewish family, 88 Fishman, Lonia and Faye, Monsieur (a farmer): helps a Jewish mother Sevek: hidden, 145 and daughter, Fiume (Italy): a rescuer tortured 329–30 in, 295; expulsion from, 448; a Federman, Annette and Righteous Italian in, sent to Dachau, 459 Micheline: given refuge, Fjellbu, Dean Arne: ‘the Church 338–9 will sound the alarm . . .’, 310 Federman, Hélène and Flechtman, Moshe and Henri: given refuge, 338–9 Chawiwa: saved, 117 Feilgut, Bernard, Felicja and Florence (Italy): a Cardinal in, Ewa: protected, 173–4 helps Jews, 440; a Jewish Feingold, Benjamin: given refuge, family, finds refugee in the 338 mountains, 443–5; a Jewish boy Feldman, Gisele: given refuge, from Croatia finds refuge in, 339–40 447 Feller, Dr Harald (a Swiss citizen): hides Flossenbürg concentration Jews in Budapest, 470 camp: a deportation to, 446 Fierz, Olga: saves Jewish children, 290 Foix (France): Jewish children Filipowicz, Wanda: and the Council for rescued near, 350 Assistance to the Jews, 184 Foley, Frank: issues visas, 25 Filipowski, Dr: helps Jews, 29–30 Follestad, Agnes: helps Jews, ‘Final Solution’: Italian opposition to, 311–12 436–7 Follestad, Einar: helps Jews, Finkelstein, Eitan: sends details of a rescue, 135 311–12 n.20 Fomenko, Witold: hides Jews, 34 food . . . and hope: 296 Fossati, Cardinal: finds refuge for a Jewish family, 446 Foxman, Abraham (Abe): saved, 11, 111; Photo 2

590

I N D E X

France: round-ups in, 14; a rescue through, 15; Jews French Institute (Athens): two flee, Jews hidden in, 305 26; acts of rescue in, 322–60; dislike of German French police: arrest Jews, 14 occupation in, 522 Freund, Irene: given refuge, 340 Franchetti, Barone: arrested, in error, 444 Friedlaender, Paul (Pal Foti): and Franchetti family: the saga of their rescue, 443–5 a ‘miracle’, 464–5; given refuge, in Franchetti, Luisa (Luisa Budapest, 478, 484–6 Naor): recalls her family’s rescue, 443–5 Friedländer, Elli and Jan: denied Franciscan Sisters (Bruges): hide refuge, 355–6 Jews, 376, 383 Friedländer, Saul: reflects on the Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary: Jewish paucity of Nazis with a conscience, children rescued by, 177 263; his parents’ letter to his Franciscans: save Jews, 11, 177, rescuer, 356 376, 444, 454–6 Friedman, Israel and Franco, General: an opponent of, helps a Jew in Berta: saved, 93 hiding, 388; a would-be fighter against, shows kindness Friedman, Philip: recalls to Jews at Auschwitz, slaughter in Lvov, and rescue, 507 66; comments on the execution of Frank, Anne: ‘in a castle’, 160; in hiding, and betrayed, ‘guilty’ Gentiles, 82; and a 391; and a Righteous ‘pack mule’, 394; her rescuer collection of testimonies, 91, n.31; betrayed, 396 and the execution of Kazimierz Frank, Hans: his cruel decree, Jozefek, 82, 228 140 n.1; forwards a protest, 239 Fries, Libuse: her courageous Franz (a block leader in acts, 287–8 Auschwitz): his ‘humanity’, Friesland province 507 (Holland): rescuers from, 397, Free Zone (‘Zone Libre’, 410, 420 France): 322; a French general refuses to round up Jews Fritsch, Franz: helps Jews, 275 in, Frumkin, Si: reflects on the 325; Jews smuggled into, from the Occupied Zone, 345– Righteous, 15–16 6, 347 Fry, Varian: helps Jews, 26 Freiburg (Germany): and acts of kindness, 239 Fuchs, Hertha and Kurt: rescuers, Freier, Recha: and emigration to and their fate, 517–18 Palestine, 294 Fuchs-Wartski, Marysia: saved, Freifeld, Zygmunt: helped by a in Austria, 249–50 Polish railway official, 493 Fuhrer, Yekel: in Schindler’s French diplomats: help Jews (in infirmary, 281–2 Rome), 442 Fulbert, Father: shelters Jews, 382 Fürth (Germany): a Displaced Persons camp at, 226 Fussi, Neila: gives refuge to a Jewish refugee, 447

Gadeikyte, Julija and Pranas: hide six Jews, 121

591

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Galilee (Israel): a German Gelber, Maurycy: rescued, Righteous settles in, 267 189–90 Galili, Yocheved: and a German rescuer, 270 Gelozo, General Carlo: rejects a Gallay, Abbé Simon: helps Jews escape, 349 German appeal for help, 440 Gandhi, Mahatma: and ‘heroic altruism’, 525 General-Government (of German- Gandino (Italy): a German-Jewish family given occupied Poland): a protest refuge in, 457–8 from, 81; acts of rescue in, ‘Garbarczyk’: a name in hiding, 140–70; mass murder in, 164; 73 punishments for helping Jews in, Garbus, Lisa: recounts her family story, 159–62 227; and a protest, 239 Garel, Georges: and an ecumenical rescue effort, Genoa (Italy): Jews from, found 323 refuge in the countryside, 452–3 Garfinkel, Helen and ‘Gerard, François and Jean- Fishel: rescue, and danger, Louis’: and an assumed 164–5 identity, 334, 345 n.49 Garfinkel, Kalman and Sara: sent two of their Gerlier, Cardinal (Archbishop of children to safety, Lyons): helps find hiding places 164–6 for Jews, 322–3; refuses to Garfinkel, Sonia: receives a new identity, 226–7 surrender Jewish children, 325 Garfunkel, Rachel: betrayed, German Catholic Peace 215–16 Movement: and an active Garkauskas, Vytautas: saves Jews, helper, 239 129; denounced, 132 German Confessional Garrard, John and Carol: list the Church: and a Righteous act, Righteous in Brest-Litovsk, 46 237 Gartenberg, Halina: hidden, 80 German Green Police Garwolin (Poland): a rescuer in, (Holland): an unsuccessful 210 raid by, 422–3 Gastruccio, Aldo: an Italian, helps Jews in Germans: and ‘a friend of the Salonika, 439 Jews’, 38; and a village rescue effort, Gawrylkewicz, Antoni: warns 53; and a laundry in Tarnopol, 75– Jews, 32 6; and a factory hideout, 129; and a Gazzaniga (Italy): a Jewish brother and sister warning to Jews in hiding, 145; and given refuge in, 458 a ‘soft- hearted Nazi officer’, 192; Gdud, Vova: saved, 118–19 and a Jewish couple in hiding, 199; Gechman, Dr Elias: helped by and a Righteous doctor, 224; Polish fellow-prisoners, 490–1 beyond Germany, Righteous Gehre, Max and Anni: rescuers, in Berlin, 242 acts of, 251–86, 489, 494, 495–6, 498–9 Germany: and the Jews, 14–15; refugees from, 25; a Jew in, helps his rescuer after the war, 65; post-war internment in, 110; rescuers in, 232–50; refugees

592

I N D E X from, find eventual sanctuary in France, 349–50; a 331, 336, 341, 351, 352, 354; in Benedictine monk’s distressing visit to (1938), 379; a Belgium, 362, 364, 370, 374, teenager from, finds sanctuary in Holland, 425; refugee 376, 377, 380, 382, 387, 388; in children from, find sanctuary in Italy, 432; a Jewish girl Holland, 396, 401, 402, 405, protected in a munitions factory in, 493–4 406, 431; in Italy, 443, 454; in Geron, Bernard: finds sanctuary, Hungary, 464; a rescuer’s 408; with his rescuer and his rescuer’s son, Photo 40 confrontations with, 405, 406; Gerritsen, Gradus: a rescuer, shot, learns of Italian refusal to support 415 French anti-Jewish measures, 437; Gersfelt, Dr Jorgen: helps Jews escape, 318–19 the terror of, and rescue, 519 Gerstein, SS Lieutenant Getter, Sister Matylda: rescues Kurt: shaken, 262–3 several hundred Jewish Gerwen, Franz and Maria Julia children, 177 van: Belgian rescuers, 375; the attic hideout, Photo 16 Geuzebroek-Zein, Klaasje: a Gestapo: and hostile neighbours, Dutch rescuer, 426 10; hunt for Jews, 28, 47; ‘fury’ of, 64; execute non-Jews Giampereta (Italy): a safe haven who help Jews, 82; surround the Lvov ghetto, 84; in, 445 killings by, 89; Gies, Miep: a rescuer, 394 kill a Pole for helping Jews, 141; torture a rescuer, 155; Gietl (a rabbi’s daughter): saved, Jews betrayed to, 167, 174; raids by, 49; shot, 51 177, 208; and a threatened betrayal, 182; a rescuer Gilad-Goldman, Michael: recalls arrested by, 187; fear of arrest by, 189; and a threat of ‘a protector’, 262 blackmail, 194; rescuers executed by, 230; outwitted by Gilleleje (Denmark): Jews hidden a German in, but discovered, 320; the attic in, countess, 232–3; its chief allows fourteen Jews to leave Photo 46 Germany, Gineste, Marie-Rose: transmits a 236; active in Berlin, 237–8, protest, 330 240; and a protest, in Berlin, Ginsberg, Gizela: rescued, 76–7 244; in Innsbruck, 250; a German hiding from, 266; in Ginz, Uta: recalls a Righteous Amsterdam, 269; in Tarnow, Czech, 288, 289 275; in Cracow, 281; in Lvov, Giorgetti, Ezio: hides thirty-eight 286; in Prague, 289, 290; in Liptovsky St Mikulas, 291– Jews, 447 2; in Norway, 314; in France, 324, Gitelman, David and Leah: hand over their baby girl, 118 Gitelman, Getele: saved, 118 Glagolyev, Aleksey: saves five Jews, 53; Photo 39 Glasgow (Scotland): a Righteous award ceremony in, 464 n.11 Glass House (Budapest): Swiss protection extended to, 469; an Arrow Cross attack on, 484; Photo 54 Glassman, Martin and Gary: the saga of their rescue, 385–8

593

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Glazer, Zwi (Zvi Gill): recalls a compassionate Goldstein, Evy: a baby, in hiding, German guard, 244 494–6 Goldstein family: saved by a Glos Lubelski (‘Voice of German, 264 Lublin’): and the latest news, Goldstein, Herta: survives, in 154 Berlin, 244 Gluskin, Monica: given refuge, Goldstein, Jack: and a 112–14 commemoration for his rescuer, God: his commandment, 146; 383–4 ‘does not allow murder’, 185; Goldstein, Rita: her rescuers, 340; ‘will protect us’, 250; His ‘call and full authority’, with a group of Catholic girls, Photo 313; distinction between Jews and others ‘unfaithful’ 35 to, 437; work Goldstein, Slioma and ‘in honour of’, 480; a ‘sign of the love of’, 483; and Tamara: rescued, 136 the ‘task’ of rescue, 521 Golleschau (Sudetenland): a Godlewski, Marceli: saves Jews, destination denied, 283 201–2 Golliet, Jeanne and ‘God’s punishment’: for saving François: help Jews escape to Jews, 85 Switzerland, 348 Goebbels, Dr Josef: indignant, Golliet, Pierre: witnesses an act 239; gives in, 244; protest against Italian ‘lax’ of rescue, 348 treatment of Jews, 433 Golovchenko, Polina: saves Jews, Goering, Reichsmarschal 47 Hermann: a protest to, 234 Gomoiu, Dr Victor: appeals on Goeth, Amon: challenges two Righteous Austrians, behalf of Jews, 300 277–9; his sadism, 281 Gonsette, Alphonse and Gold, Edgar: reflects on collaboration, 13– 14 Emilie: save a Jewish child, Goldberg, Jeffrey: meets two rescuers (in 363 1986), 57–8 good: ‘rare . . . and fragile’, 524 Goldberg, Nadja: her daughter’s rescue, 159 Good, Michael: seeks to honour a Goldberg, Rachala Righteous German, 255 (Rachel): saved, 134–5 Good, Pearl (Perela Goldman, Maria: in hiding, victim of an SS Esterowicz): and ‘Jews hidden by reprisal, 358 Gentiles’ in Vilna, 118; and a Goldschläger, Alain: reflects on the Righteous in Righteous German, 253 Belgium, 373 Good Samaritan, the: recalled, Goldschläger, Christian (a Jewish boy): given 235, 521 refuge, 373 Good Shepherd organization Goldstein, Bernard: his hiding places and (Budapest): rescue efforts of, rescuers, 206–8 477–80, 484 Goodman, Lea: and a German overseer, 489 goodness: ‘leaves us gasping’, 520; the ‘fragility’ of, 523 Goral family: shelter Jews, 97

594

I N D E X

‘Gordon, Renée’: an assumed name, 340 Gruenberg, Miriam: rescued, 210 Gorlova, Mrs: hides Jews, 98 Grunbaum, Irene: ‘your small Gospels, the: insisted upon as a guide, 336 country remained open, Gosselies (Belgium): an act of rescue in, 363 Albania’, 302 Gotautas, Bronius: saves a Jewish doctor, 121 Gruner, Peter: his brave stance, Grabowska, Anna: hides a Jewish woman, 153 245 Graebe, Fritz: a German rescuer, in Poland, 272–5 Grüninger, Captain Paul: helps Greece: round-ups in, 14; acts of rescue in, 303–6, Jews, 25 438–40 Grunwald, Margherita: arrested, Greek Orthodox: save Jews, 11, tortured, killed, 449 304 Gruszka Zaporska (Poland): and a Greenfield, Hana: reflects on rescue and Righteous Pole, 165 recognition, 290 Grutsch, Adelheid: provides a Grenoble (France): a Jew given shelter near, 340 n.41; ‘paradise’, 247 betrayed Jews taken through, 352 Grutsch, Lambert: an Austrian Grigoriev, Pyotr: saves Jews, 46–7 rescuer, 247 Grobelny, Julian: active in Council for Assistance to Grzybowski Place (Warsaw): and the Jews, 188 a Righteous priest, 201 Grodek Jagiellonski (Eastern Gualtieri, General Carlo Galicia): a Jewess in hiding in, di: opposes French anti- 77 Jewish measures, 437 Grodno (eastern Poland): Jews sent for safety to, 256; Gubbio (Italy): Jews given refuge Jews helped to make contact with, in, 454 266 Guelen, Andrée: a Belgian Grondowsky (a Jew): saved, 29 rescuer, 374 Groningen (Holland): rescuers in, Guicherd, Victor and 396, 413 Gross Kiesow (Pomerania): an act of rescue in, 237 Josephine: rescuers, 342–3 Gross Rosen concentration camp Guillaume, Marthe: a rescuer, (Silesia): 221; deportations to, 341 280, 282 Gulbinovicz, Olga: ‘How could Grossman, Haika: helped by a we possibly refuse them German, 265, 267 help . . . ?’, 126 Grüber, Pastor Heinrich: his Righteous acts, 233–6; Gumpel, Ruth: gives testimony arrested and imprisoned, 235 about her rescuers, 242–3 Gumz, Emma: a rescuer, in Berlin, 241 Gunther, Rolf: deportation plans of, thwarted, 318 Gurs concentration camp (Vichy France): and a Righteous German pastor, 235; young survivors of, hidden and saved, 326, 327, 340 Gusarov, Katia: narrates a story of rescue, 60–1

595

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Gustav VI Adolf (King of Sweden): protests ‘Hambenne, Janine’: an assumed against deportations, 468 identity, 377 Guterman, Ben: helped by a Hamburg (Germany): a German German soldier, 259–60 officer from, helps Jews, 486 Gutgeld, Jacob, Shalom and Hammerstein, Marie Therese David: given sanctuary, 197–8 von: warns Jews, and helps Gutin family: saved, 54 Jews, 233 Gutman, Yisrael: reflects on Hammond, George: helps save a Polish rescuers in Warsaw, 183, Jewish girl, 516 191–2 Hansson, Per Albin: agrees to Guy, Marinette: smuggles Jewish children into help Danish Jews, 317 Switzerland, Hardaga, Mustafa: protects Jews, 347–8 296 Gylys, Father Jonas: tries to comfort Jews, 124 Harder, Albert (and his Gypsies: and the rescue of a Jewish girl in Holland, wife): hide three Jewish 429, 430; and a gesture of sympathy in Hungary, 462; women, 512 a Jewish girl in hiding with, Photo 38 Harshav, Barbara: gives details of Gyula, Bishop Czapik: saves eight a rescuer, 203 Jewish women, 288 Hass, Eidikus: sent for safety, 100 Hass, Izabela (‘Zula’): her Haarlem (Holland): Righteous acts in, 412 survival and rescue, 100–4 Hagstrom, Suzan: recounts a story of rescue Hass, Rena: survives, 103 and danger, Hasselt (Belgium): Jewish girls 164–5; and the murder of a saved near, 376 ‘kind man’, 226–7 Hausner, Gideon: expresses Hague, The (Holland): rescuers from, 397, 407, 408; appreciation for Norwegian Jews from, smuggled out of Holland, 413; a brief respite in, 421; a baby smuggled into, 428 rescue efforts, 315 (Palestine Haussman, Karl: hidden and Mandate): Wallenberg serves in, 468 saved, 326 Haining, Jane: her crime, to weep, 464 ‘He who saves one life . . .’: 509 Halevy, Leah: in hiding in Assisi, Heart of Jesus convent (Skorzec, 455–6 Poland): two Jewish girls ‘Halina’: an assumed name, 134 given sanctuary in, 147 Halter, Roman: rescued, and the fate of one of his Hebras, Pierre and Louise: shelter rescuers, a Jewish family, 326–7 517–18 Hebrew language: and gravestones, 102; and a girl taken out of the Kovno Ghetto, 135 Heemstede (Holland): a Jewish girl in hiding in, 424 Heerlen (Holland): a Jewish girl given refuge in, 400 Hegedus, Tibor: recalls acts of rescue, amid slaughter, 460–1

596

I N D E X

Hegyeshalom (Hungary): a Death Herman, Marek: hidden by March to, 480 Italians, 451 n.32 Helfgott, Anita: given sanctuary, Hermina (a Jewish girl): her 72; Photos 7, 8 successful bribe, 105 Helfgott, Ben: saved, 286 Hershkowitz, Martin: escapes Hellman, Arthur: found refuge, execution, 150 386; betrayed and executed, 387 Herzog, Henry: his rescuers, Hellman, Emelie and 169–70 Heinrich: deported, 386 Hesse, Kurt and Hellman, Peter: recounts the story of a French Erica: befriended, 252 rescuer, 346 ‘Hexa No. 2’: an act of kindness Helman, Benjamin: given sanctuary, 362–3 by, 500 Helman, Gdula: hidden and saved, 363 ‘Hidden Children’: gather, 10–11, Helman, Gitta: hidden and betrayed, 363 111; and Father Bruno, 379–85 Helmanowitsch, SS Private: and an act of kindness in Hiller, Moses and Helen: entrust Dachau, their two-year-old child to a 502 Catholic couple, 216–17 Helmrich, Donata: helps Jewish girls, 252 Hiller, Shachne: in hiding, Helmrich, Eberhard: a German rescuer, 251–2; 216–18; Photo 4 reflects on motivation, 526 Hilvarenbeek (Holland): an Helweg, Ole: helps Jews escape from Denmark, 320 escape route through, 414 Henia (a Jewish girl): saved, 172 Hilversum (Holland): a rescuer ‘Henry, Ginette’: an assumed identity, 353 in, 421 Herben, Jantje: found a safe haven, 403 Himmler, Heinrich: orders an Herbst, Sabina and Ziunia: saved, arrest, 262; seeks deportation of 92 Finland’s Jews, 316; protests at Herches (a Polish Jew): in hiding, Italian ‘resistance to the Final 107 Solution’, 434 Herczog, Dora (Dora Herczog Levi): recalls her Hirschel, Hans: hidden, 232; family’s rescue, 448–50 marries his rescuer, 233 n.2 Herczog family: in hiding in Hirschi, Agnes: given shelter, 488 Italy, 448–50 n.65; reflects on Carl Lutz’s Herensztat, Greta: her rescuer, motivation, 521 352–3 Hirshaut, Julien: recalls ‘a decent Héritier, Henri and Gentile’, 489 Emma: shelter Jewish children, 337–8 Hirszfeld, Professor Ludwig: saved, 201 Hitler, Adolf: his ‘inferno’, 191; his repression, 232; his Jewish policies challenged, by a German pastor, 233; outwitted by Bulgaria, 309; and the Jews of Denmark, 317; ‘support’ for victims of, in Belgium, 262; ‘comfort’ in the news of the assassination of, 459;

597

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Hitler, Adolf (continued) Horbacki, Milica: teaches rebuffed by Hungary’s Admiral English, 229 Horthy, 460 Horbacki, Wladyslaw: gives Hitler’s Chancellery (Berlin): a protest forwarded sanctuary, 228–9 to, 239–40 Horodyszcze Hill labour camp Ho, Dr Feng Shan: helps Jews leave Vienna, 25 (Eastern Galicia): 99 Hobart (Tasmania): a rescuer emigrates to, 97 Horowitz, Helena: rescued, 246–7 Hodbomont (Belgium): Jews in hiding in, 380 Horowitz, Isaac, Bala and Hoffnung, Martha: warned, and finds safety, 328– Gabriel: given refuge, 151–2 9 Horstmeyer, Rudolf and Holland: a survivor from, 13; round-ups in, 14; and Felicia: protected by former the German invasion, 26; a German pastor helps Jews pupils, 243 escape to, Horthy, Admiral: twice rejects 233; a German woman helps Hitler’s request, 460; demands an Jews escape to, and is executed, end to deportations, 468 246; two Righteous Germans in, Horvath, Kalman: his efforts to 267–70; acts of rescue in, save Jews from deportation, 391–431; dislike of German occupation in, 522; a 464–5 hiding place in, discovered, Photos 27, Horvatinovic, Professor 28 Branko: saved, 294–5 Holland, Paul: gives refuge, with his mother, 386 Hoszcza (Poland): a Jewish Holländer, Lisa: a Christian rescuer, in Berlin, family rescued in, 42 241 Howil, Boguslaw: helps a Jewish Holländer, Paul: a Jew, killed, friend, 192–4 241 Hoxha, Ferri: enables eighty Jews Holy Cross Society (Budapest): the head of, to hide, 301–2 rescues Jews, 471 Hoxha, Nuro: hides Jews, 301 Homar family: shelter Jews, 153 Hryhorysztyn, Olena: ‘rich in (Armia spirit’, 80–1 Krajowa): helps Jews, 63, 195; Hryniewicz, Sister Beata harms Jews, 150–1 Bronislawa: helps two Jewish Home for the Blind (Hodbomont, Belgium): Jews girls, 147, 148 in hiding in, Huellensen, Baroness von: a 380 Jewish child hidden on her Home of Leffe (Belgium): shelters estate, 244 Jews, 382 Huffener family: rescuers, in Hoones Forest (Holland): a hiding place in, Holland, 409 419 Huguenots: descendants of, save Jews, 334 humanist, a: also a rescuer, 399 Hungarian diplomats: help Jews (in Rome): 442 Hungary: round-ups in, 14; Jews helped to escape to, 278; a refugee from, in hiding in Italy,

598

I N D E X

453; acts of rescue in, 460–88, International Congress of 523 Surgeons: a ‘legendary’ Huttenbach, Henry: writes about a Jewish couple in Righteous Pole at, 176 n.8 Worms, 14 ‘International Ghetto’: in Hyrawka labour camp (Eastern Galicia): and a Budapest, 471, 475, 477, 480, German rescuer, 251 484, 486, 488 International Society for Yad Ides family: Dutch rescuers, 411 Vashem: the Chairman of, Ignalino (Vilna district): rescue in, 112 rescued with his family in Imam of Rhodes: saves Scroll of the Law, 458 Poland, 144 n.11 Independence Front ‘Iovayshayte, Berute’: an assumed (Belgium): appeals on behalf of Jews, 362; helps name, 136 Belgian Jews, 364 Ipp, Dr Tania: saved, 137 Indig, Josef: a Jewish rescuer, 433 industrialists (in Israel: survivors in, 50, 61, 96, Berlin): warn 129, 332, 375; rescuers invited to, Jews, 239 66; and Soviet Jews, 135 n.20; a Infants’ House (Kaunas, Lithuania): Jewish children rescuer and his survivor wife move hidden in, 135 to, 178; a German rescuer settles in, Ingelscher, Paula: in hiding, Photo 22 267; a Righteous Gentile award in, Innsbruck (Austria): and the rescue of two Jewish 506 n.24 women, Israeli parliament 249–50 (Knesset): Dutch rescuers Inquisition: rejected by the described in, as ‘the exceptional Dutch, 391 ones’, 431 Institut St Nicolas (Anderlecht, Belgium): two Italiaander, Cirla (Cirla Lewis): in Jewish boys given sanctuary in, 386 hiding, 388 International Catholic–Jewish Historical Commission: Italiaander, Jaap: deported and and Cardinal Stepinac, 294 n.15 killed, 388 International Committee of the Red ‘Italian Wallenberg’ (Giorgio Cross: reunification work of, Perlasca): honoured, 470 n.26 430; protests against Hungarian deportations, 468; Italian Zone (south-eastern issues letters of protection in Budapest, 471; helped by a France): Jews smuggled to, Hungarian army officer, 474; continued rescue efforts of, 324; Goebbels protests at ‘lax’ in Budapest, 477–8, Italian treatment of Jews in, 480, 481 433; further German protests concerning, 434 Italy: round-ups in, 14; invades Albania, 300; a Papal Nuncio from, saves Jews, 294; acts of rescue in, 432–59, 523 Izbica Lubelska (Poland): a Jewish family from, helped, 178 Izieu (France): Jewish children taken from, by the SS, 342

599

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Jachowicz, Josef and his ‘Jausson, Jeanine’: an assumed wife: hide a Jewish child, identity, Photo 22 216–18; Photo 4 Jedwabne (Poland): Jews rescued Jachowicz, Ryszard: recognized as Righteous, in, 27 with his mother and fiancée, 211–13 Jehovah’s Witness, a: helps Jews, Jacobs, Helen: a rescuer, 241–2 129 Jacobson, Philip: reports on a Jelechowice (Eastern ‘turning point’, 330 Galicia): Jews saved in, 86 Jacqumotte, René: rescues twenty Jeretzian, Dr Ara: shelters Jews in Jewish children, 370 Budapest, 473 Jadwiga, Sister: hides a Jewish girl, 88–9 Jericho: and the road from Jaeger, Maximilian: supports his colleagues’ rescue Jerusalem, 235, 521 efforts, 467 Jerusalem: funeral in, 9; Jaffa, Sharon: writes about a conference in, 11 n.2, 11; evidence Jewish boy in hiding, 221 in, 42; Avenue of the Righteous in, Jakubowicz, Jakow: saved, 118 42 n.21; a rescuer invited to, 65, Jamin, Father: shelters Jews, 382 n.3; ‘Hidden Children’ gather in, Jaminet, Father: shelters Jews, 111; a visitor to, later leads rescue 382 efforts, 184; and the road to Jamoigne (Belgium): Jewish children given Jericho, 235, 521 refuge in, 369 Jerusalem Alley (Warsaw): and a Janina (Greece): ‘The Christian people . . . search for a safe haven, 192 powerless’, 303–4 ‘Jerusalem of Lithuania’ ‘Janina S.’: a rescuer, 209 (Vilna): 110 Janossy, Father Jozsef: rescues Jerusalem Post: interviews a ‘Jew- Jews in Budapest, 471 lover’, 267; describes a Janowska concentration camp ceremony in Amsterdam (Lvov): 80, 82, 107, 227; a honouring rescuers, 397 ‘very good sort’ in, 490–1 Jerzens (Austria): a Jewish Jansen, Jo: helps rescue a Jewish friend, 426 woman ‘in paradise’ in, 247 Janssen, Hank: falls for a deception, 428 Jesuit College (Budapest): the Japan: Jews reach, 26 Prior of, gives Jews sanctuary, Jarvin, Marcel: rescued, arrested, saved, 223 337 Jasinski, Emilia: gives shelter, 41 Jesuit Residence Jasinski, Stanislaw: gives shelter, (Budapest): sanctuary in, 471 41 Jesuits: save Jews, 11, 124, 324, Jasky, Joseph: hides three Jewish women, 294 325, 471 Jassy (Romania): a death train from, 298 Jesus: and a Ukrainian’s curse, 35; and the population of Drohobycz, 95; and the peasants of Siedliska, 168; ‘Go thou and do likewise’, 235; ‘I would be forgiven’, 357; a ‘witness’ to a pledge, 463; work ‘pleasing’ to,

600

I N D E X

480; the ‘idea of’, and a rescuer, Justman-Wisnicki, 526 Lorraine: reflects on ‘the Jewish Centre of Culture (Warsaw): Righteous medals plague of blackmail’, 191; presented at, 222 helped by Austrians, 249–50 Jewish Children’s Home (Oslo): a warning to, 313 Justyna, Danka: helps save three Jewish Council (Amsterdam, Holland): and an Jews, 163 ominous notice, 393 Justyna, Mala: helps save three Jewish Fighting Organization Jews, 163 (Warsaw): seeks weapons, Jusym, Salomon: in hiding, 208 188; a member of, in hiding, Juzek family: hide Jews, 107 195; members of, recall Righteous Poles, 196, 203; a member of, saved after being wounded, 204 Kabacznik, Miriam: in hiding, 32 Jewish Foundation for the Righteous: assists rescuers, Kabilio-Grinberg, Tova: and her 10 n.1, 32, 33 n.12, 93 n.34, 94 n.35, 296 n.18 father’s escape, 296 Jewish Historical Institute Kaczerginski, Shmerl: saved, 118 (Warsaw): testimony in, 83 Kaczmarek, Father: and a Jewish Joachim S.: in hiding, 243 girl in hiding, 75 Jodoigne (Belgium): Jews hidden in, 381 Kaczmarski, Stefan: killed for Jolimont (Belgium): a clinic in, shelters Jews, 382 hiding Jews, 165 Jonisz, Cywia: in hiding, 143 Kagan, Idel (Jack): and rescue in Josephinium (Budapest): sixty eastern Poland, 43–4 Jewish children hidden in, 473 Kagan, Joseph: saved, 129–34 Jozefek, Kazimierz: hanged for helping Jews, 82, 228 Kagan, Margaret: saved, 129–34 Jozsefvaros station Kagan, Mira: hidden, 129, 131, (Budapest): deportations from, 133 481, 483 Kajszczak, Bronislaw: ‘truly Jozwikowska, Sister Stanislawa: takes in two Jewish girls, 147, 148 risked his life for us’, 202–3 Jukalo, Mr: helps Jews, 64 Kakol, Jan: saves a Jewish child, Jurgens, Albert: a rescuer, in 156 Berlin, 241 Kalarash (Romania): a death train Jurkovic, Pastor: helps Jews, 293 to, 298 Justice in Jerusalem (Gideon Hausner): thanks Kalenczuk, Fiodor: saves Jews, 42 Norwegian resistance for rescue efforts, 315 Kalin, Lea: protected in a munitions factory, 493; with her Polish fellow-workers, Photo 42 Kallo, Ferenc: a rescuer, executed, 475 Kaltenbrunner, Ernst: protests about Italian help for Jews, 438 Kaluszko, Jan: helps Jews in Warsaw, 195 Kamenets Podolsk (): acts of rescue at, 460–1 Kaminska, Mrs: suspects a Jewish woman is in hiding, 200

601

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Kampen (Holland): rescuers in, Katow (a Dutch Jewish girl): in 401 hiding, 410 Kampenhout, Reinier: a Dutch rescuer, caught and Katyn forest (Russia): murders at, killed, 424 179 Kanabus, Dr Feliks: reverses circumcisions, Katzenelson, Yitzhak: interned 175–6 with his son, 332; deported, 333 Kanes, Caroline: ‘smuggle my baby out . . .’, 427 Kaufering (Germany): an act of Kanes, Levie: a Jewish baby, saved in Holland, kindness at, 502 427–9 Kaufman, Guta: saved, 122 Kanes, Levie (senior) and Kaufmann, Marion: her various Ester: murdered at Sobibor, rescuers, 429–30; with her Gypsy 429 n.67 rescuers, Photo 38 Kanes, Maurits and Rebecca: murdered at Kaunas (Lithuania): ‘Righteous Auschwitz with their children, Diplomats’ in, 26; ‘Righteous 429 n.67 Gentiles’ in, 121, 124, 125–39; see Kanes, Salomon: murdered, 429 n.67 also Kovno Ghetto Kanis, Jan: a rescuer, in Holland, Kavaja (Albania): Jews find 396 refuge in, 301 Kanis, Petronela: takes over her husband’s work of Kazimierz Square (Warsaw): and the murder of a family that rescue, 396 sheltered Jews, 210 Kanner, Cecile (Cecile Kahn- Kanner): the Keidziai (Lithuania): Jews hidden saga of her rescue, 423–4 in, 129 Kansas City Star: a reporter on, seeks recognition Keller, Zygmunt: in hiding, 211 for a rescuer, Kepski, Juliusz and 86 Stefania: given refuge, 174–5 Kanzler, Simon: in hiding, victim of an SS reprisal, Kerkhofs, Bishop: helps hide 358 Jews, 381 Kapitan, Yashuk: shelters Jews, Kermisz, Dr J.: information 31 provided by, 283 n.42 Kaplan, Mary: hidden, 265 Keurhorst, Cornelius: a rescuer, Kaplanas, Zahar: saved, 135 shot, 415 Karlby, Bent: helps Jews escape from Denmark, Kfare, Roza: in hiding, 227 320 ‘Khaminskyi’: a surname, in Karpe, Liese: her parents comforted, 290 hiding, 69 Karrer, Lucas: sends Jews to safety, 306 Kharkov (Ukraine): rescuers in, Kassa (Hungarian-occupied Czechoslovakia): an 52–3 act of rescue in, 462 Kielce (Poland): a rescuer escapes Katerini (Greece): rescue in, 303 in, 76; rescuers in, 153; Council for Assistance to the Jews in, 186; a Christian woman from, and her acts of kindness in Auschwitz, 506 n.24 Kiev (Ukraine): a priest in, saves Jews, 53; a Righteous German, in a labour camp near, 267; two

602

I N D E X

Righteous Ukrainian sisters in, Klibanski, Bronka: pays tribute to 504 a rescuer, 29–30 Kilessopoulis, Nikos: helps Jews, Klima, Mrs: helps hide a Jewish 303 couple, 200–1 Kindertransport: rescue of Jews through, 25 Klin, David: recalls help given to Kiril, Metropolitan (of Jews, 196 Plovdiv): rescues Jews, 307, Klipstein, Irma and Leo: find 524 refuge, 377 Kiss, Barna: helps Jews in his labour unit, 461 Klipstein, Ursula (Janine Kistarcsa (Hungary): a Scottish woman deported Gimpleman Sokolov): in from, 464; Jews brought out from, 470 hiding, 377 Kizelshtein family: saved by a Klukowski, Dr Zygmunt: records German, 264 fate of a Righteous Pole, 165 Kizelshtein, Mina (Mina Knapp, Max and Ans: help save a Doron): her testimony about a Jewish child, 429 Righteous German, 264–5 Knies, Hildegard: a rescuer, in Kizelshtein, Shamai: gives testimony for a Berlin, 244 Righteous German, 264 Knochen, SS Colonel: protests at Klajman, Jankiel: and ‘the kindness of many strangers’, Italian refusal to adopt German 192 view of ‘the Jewish question’, Klarsfeld, Serge: and the war against French Jewish 434, 435; protests at Italian children, sabotage of anti-Jewish 360 measures, 437 Klass-Aronowitz, Selma: recalls her rescuer, 400–1 Kobilnitsky, Lew: rescues Jews, Kleiba, Father: shelters Jews, 123 91 Kleiman, Lidia: in hiding, 88–9 Koehler, Max: a rescuer, in Klein, Annie and Charles: in hiding, with the Berlin, 243 daughter of their rescuer, Photo 19 Kohl, Max: a German rescuer, Klein, Maria: given sanctuary, 286 229 Kolacz, Andrzej: hides six Jews, Klejnot, Estera: given refuge, 145 143 Klepacka, Maria: her act of rescue, 218–19 Kolacz family: rescuers, 143–4 Klepacka-Donalis, Kolacz, Stanislawa: brings water Helena: recognized as for Jews in hiding, 143 Righteous, 202 n.47 Koldiczewo (eastern Poland): a Kleparow (Lvov): a rescuer in, executed, 81, 82 rescuer imprisoned at, 51 Klepinin, Father: helps Jews, 331; Kolin (Czechoslovakia): a arrested, 331 survivor from, 290 Kolomyja (Eastern Galicia): Jews saved in, 86; an escapee from, 201 Kongsvinger (Norway): a route to safety through, 313 Konieczny, Joseph (and his sons Stach and Sender): shelter seventeen Jews, 149–50

603

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Konieczny, Mrs: shot, 150–1 Kowalski, Colonel Wladislaw: his Kontsevych family: shelter Jews, rescue efforts, 177–8 104, 106–7 Kowicki, Janka: and a Jewish girl Kontsevych, Tanka: her in hiding, 101 ‘humaneness’, 104, 106–7 Kowicki, Sophie and Kopacsi, Sandor: hides seven Emil: rescuers, 101–2 Jews, 462 Kozlovsky, Kostik: helps Jews, 43 Koren, Pastor Emil: helps Jews in Krakinowski, Miriam: saved, 137 Budapest, 480 ‘Kraler, Mr’: a rescuer’s Koreniuk, Marie: helps Jews in hiding, 87 pseudonym, 396 Korkuc, Kazimierz: helps Jews, Kramarski, Alojzy: a Polish 31–2 ‘benefactor’, 493 Korkuciany (Poland): Jews find refuge in, 31 Kranz, Zygmunt and Korkut, Dervis: refuses to collaborate, 296– Franciszka: saved, with their 7 son, 99–100 Korkut, Servet: and a rescue stratagem, 297 Kranzberg, Pessah: hidden, with Korn, David: and the noble acts of Pastor Kuna, his family, 42 290–3 Krasucki, Irena: takes in a new- kosher food: provided for Jews in hiding, 368, 454 born infant, 158–9 Kraszewski, Bianka: in hiding, Koslowska, Krystyna: recognized as Righteous, 202 179–80 n.47 Krell, Robert: recalls his Dutch Kosovo (Yugoslavia): Jews deported from, rescuers, 407–8 300 Kremenchug (Russia): a Kosow (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl hidden in, 80 Righteous Russian in, 55 Kossak, Zofia: and the Council for Assistance to Kremer, Akiba: given shelter, the Jews, then murdered, 41–2 184–6, 189–90; Photo 13 Kreuzlingen Kostopol (Poland): an escape from, 41 (Switzerland): women released Kostowiec (Poland): an orphanage at, 89 from a concentration camp reach Kostrze (Poland): a ‘kind’ German at, 489 Switzerland through, 504 Kovno ghetto (Lithuania): Jews rescued from, 121, Kristallnacht: Jewish refugees 128, 135–7; a survivor of, and an act of kindness in from, 25; and a prayer ‘for the Dachau, 501–2; a survivor of, and an act of kindness Jews’, 236; and a Nazi Party in a slave labour member’s contempt for, 252 camp, 502 Krol, Mulik: rescued, 125–6 Kron, Gita: her daughter saved, 123 Kron, Ruth: saved, 122–3 Kron, Tamara: deported, 122 Krosney, Mary Stewart: recounts the story of a French rescuer, 346 Kruja (Albania): Jews find refuge in, 301

604

I N D E X

Krupinksi, Jerzy and La Caillaudière (France): a Jewish girl Aniela: given sanctuary, saved in, 327 211–13 La Farge, Mademoiselle: a Kryvoiaza, Alexander: saves rescuer, 341 Jews, 91 La Garneyre (France): two Jewish Kryzhevsky, Fedor: saves Jews, children in hiding at, 338 53 La Guespy children’s home Ksiaz Wielki (Poland): seventeen (France): Jewish children hidden Jews hidden in, 149 in, 337 Kubran, Jack: saved, 27–8 La Tour d’Auvergne (France): a Kubran, Lea: saved, 27–8 rescuer in, 341 Kudlatschek (a Sudeten Lacny, Wladyslaw, Stanislawa and German): helps Jews, 266 Irena: give refuge to a Jewish family, Kugler, Victor: a rescuer, betrayed, 396 224–5 Kujata, Father Michael: hides a Lador, Ehud: presents Righteous Jewish girl, 72; Photo 7 medals, 204 Kukuryk, Wladyslaw: shelters two Jews, 149–50 Lafayette, Marquis de: his Kuna, General: a liberator, 292 château becomes a place of refuge, Kuna, Pastor Vladimir: helps 339 Lajbman, Isaac and Jews, 291–2 Bernard: given refuge, 369; Photo Kurjanowicz, Ignacy and 18 Maria: save Jews, 47–8 Lamhaut, Sara: in hiding, 371; Kurpi, Bronislawa: saves a four- year-old boy, 111; her First Communion, Photo 20 Photo 2 Landau, Dr Kamila: saved, 77–9 ‘Kurpi, Stanislaw Henryk’: an assumed identity, 111; Landau, Ludwig: sheltered, Photo 3 denounced, executed, 205 Kurtz (husband and wife): adopt a ‘Hidden Child’, Lando, Jerzy: the saga of his 159 rescue, 192–4 Kutorgene, Dr Elena: hides Jews, Lapchensko, Chaim: helped by a 124 German, 265 Kuziai (Lithuania): a journey of rescue to, 123 Lapis, Father: attempts to save Kwiecinska, Janina: hides Jews, Jews, 124 210–11 Laporterie, Raoul: his rescue Kwiecinska, Janina, Maria and Hanna: help their efforts, 345–6 mother (also named Janina) hide Jews, Laskowski (an Ethnic German): a 211 decent guard, 490 Kyprian, Father: and a Jewish boy in hiding, 71 Latte, Konrad: his many rescuers, 240 La Bouverie (Belgium): Jews given refuge in, 382 Lattes, Mario: recalls an Italian rescuer, 440 Latvia: rescuers in, 58–60 Latvians: and collaboration, 14, 27, 58; and rescue, 56–60 Lau, Israel (later Chief Rabbi): saved, 286

605

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Laurentius, Dr: a ‘righteous man’, Lehr, General Alexander 506 von: fails to get Italian help, Laurysiewicz, Stefania: protects three Jews, 173–4 439–40 Lavorishkes (Lithuania): an act of rescue in, 136 Lehrer (a lawyer): saved, 90 n.30 Laxander, Walenty: saves a Lientje (a Jewish girl): with her Jewish child, 76–7 rescuer, Photo 25 Lazanowski family: rescue three Leitner, Isabella: recalls a ‘gentile Jews, 86 woman’ in Auschwitz, who helped Lazareanu, Barbu: seeks help, Jews, 506 300 Lemecki, Mr: thanks Hitler, but Lazdijai (Lithuania): a Jewish girl saved in, 122 saves Jews, 100–1 Laznik, Esther Rachel: saved, Lemensorf, Leopold: helped by 159–60, 161–2 an Austrian, 280 Laznik, Heinich: his daughter’s rescue, 159; finds Leningrad (Russia): German drive his daughter after the war, 162 to, 56 Le Chambon-sur-Lignon Lentink-de-Boer, Eelkje: a Dutch (France): Jews in hiding at, rescuer, 399–400 334–8, 340; a rescuer with some of her ‘children’ at, Lepin le Lac (France): a journey Photo 33 to safety through, 342 Le Coteau Fleuri (France): a refugee home, Lepkifker, Grand Rabbi (of 338 Liège): given refuge, 382 Le Henaff, Germaine: hides ‘Leroy’: an assumed surname, Jewish children, 326 342 Le Jeune, Jeanne: hides a Jewish boy, 362–3 Lesin, Benjamin: relates a story of Le Puy (France): a rescuer arrested in, 337 rescue and murder, 138–9; and the Le Vernet (France): internment camp at, 350 ‘modesty’ of rescuers, 524–5 Lederman, Annette and Margot: in hiding, Lesko (Poland): rescuers in, 156 378–9; Photo 17 Lesterps (France): an act of Leenhardt, Dr Adolf: a Viennese, helps Jews in rescue at, 358 Poland, 277; and a rescue stratagem, 278 Levai, Eugene: lists Christian Lefèvre family: shelter a Jewish boy, 340 n.41 rescuers in Budapest, 472–3 Leffe, Home of (Belgium): Jews given refuge in, Levi family (from 382 Genoa): protected by an Leforestier, Dr Roger and Danielle: help Jews, Italian family, 452–3 337; together, Photo 34 Levi, Elia: recalls her family’s rescue, 452–3 Levi, Primo: at Buna-Monowitz, 508 Levin, Isidor: saved, 60 Levin, Leyzer: found a hiding place, 203 Levine, Allan: reflects on betrayal and rescue, 192 Levis family: rescued, 305–6 Levis, Jeff (Pepos Levis): and ‘Greek Christian friends’, 305

606

I N D E X

Levy, Alexander: recounts his mother’s rescue, Lille (France): a Dutch escape 368–9 route through, 415 Levy, Josephine: protected, 358 Lillehammer (Norway): Jews in Lévy, Madeleine: murdered, 355 hiding in, 314 Lewartow, Rabbi Menashe: and Limbourg (Belgium): a Jewish girl ‘last respects to the dead’, 284 in hiding in, 377 Lewin, Rabbi Aaron: murdered, Limburg province 66–7 (Holland): rescuers from, 397 Lewin, Cesia and Janek: shelter found for, 173 Limoges (France): Jews smuggled Lewin, Kurt: found a place to hide, 67 to, 324; a Jewish family given Lewin, Yechezkel: seeks support for fellow Jews, 66 shelter near, 327 Lewin, Zofia: records Righteous acts, 154, 155, 208; Lindenberg, Renée: saved, 11 reflects on her rescuers, 522–3 Lingens-Reiner, Ella: saves a Lewit, Erna: saved, 90 Lewit, Jakov: his daughter in hiding, 90 Jewish girl, 248; helps a Jew Lewkowitz, Berthe and escape, and punished, 249 Jacques: given a safe haven, Lipke, Alfred: helps his father 342–3 hide Jews, 56 Lewkowitz, Perl: deported with one of her sons, 342 Lipke, Janis: saves Jews, 56–7 Leysorek, Heynoch: escapes execution, 150 Lipke, Johanna: helps her Lichtenberg, Bernhard: offers prayers for the Jews, husband hide Jews, 56 236 Liptovsky St Mikulas Lichterman, Jakub: finds refuge from a Death March, (Slovakia): refuge in, 291 510 Liszewski, Wladyslaw: helps Liczkowce (Eastern Galicia): a Jews in hiding, 195, 196 Jewish girl hidden in, 72 Lithuania: paucity of rescuers in, Lida (eastern Poland): an escape route through, 44; 12; Jews flee through, 26; and Jews sent for safety to, 256 Vilna, 110; acts of rescue in, Liderman, Josef: seeks sanctuary, then murdered, 41–2 120–39 Liderman, Szmuel: seeks sanctuary, 41 Lithuanian Nationalists: murder Liedke, Major: agrees to a subterfuge, 261 a rescuer of Jews, 139 Liège (Belgium): and a Belgian rescuer, 380 Lithuanians: and Liem, Jean-Louis and collaboration: 14, 27, 124 Betty: rescuers, 388 Litka (a rescuer’s daughter): 50–1 Lito, Dr Spiro: intercedes on behalf of Jews, 300–1 Litovsky, Fira: given shelter, 54–5 Litovsky, Masha: in hiding, 54–5 Litvin family: in hiding, 366 Liwarek, Rosa (Lady Lipworth): the saga of her rescue, 356–7 Lobith-Tolkamer (Holland): rescuers in, 401

607

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Lodz (Poland): a rescuer from, Luisa, Maria de: finds a place of 179; deportations to, 245, 287, refuge for her former employers, 290 448 Lomna (Eastern Galicia): Jewish girls hidden in, Lukiszki Prison (Vilna): two Jews 89 released from, 253–4 Lomza (Poland): Jews in hiding in villages near, Lukow (Poland): acts of betrayal 145, 146 at, 168 Londner-Conforti, Dora: given shelter, 374 Lund, Sigrid: helps Jews, 311, London (England): a Righteous Polish couple 313–14 honoured in, 204; testimony about two Righteous Luserna San Giovanni (Italy): a Poles given in, 209; a Righteous Dutch woman Jewish family given refuge in, honoured in, 399 n.15 456 Loosdrecht (Holland): a Zionist kibbutz at, 409 Lushnja (Albania): Jews find ‘L’Or, Josie’: an assumed identity, refuge in, 301 358 Lustig, Hana (Hana Lorraine: refugees from, in hiding with Jews, 345 Greenfield): recalls ‘good Louvain (Belgium): Jews hidden in, 381 people’ near a slave labour ‘Loverina, Maria’: an assumed identity, 457 camp, 496–9 Lowenthal, Isidore and Régine: smuggled Lustig, Ian: finds refuge, 91–2 into Switzerland, 348 Lutheran Evangelical Church Löwi family (from (Slovakia): protests, 291 Germany): given refuge in Lutherans: save Jews, 11, 291, Italy, 457–8 293, 478 Lowy, Temi: found refuge, 399 Lutjen family: rescuers, in Lubartow (Poland): Jews in hiding in, 166 Holland, 397 Lubbeek (Belgium): six Jewish girls in hiding at, Lutsk (Poland): murder and 376–7; Photo rescue in, 34–7 22 Lutz, Carl: his rescue efforts in Lubetkin, Zivia: and Polish weaponry given to Budapest, 467, 469, 476; remains Jews, 195; given shelter, 199 in Budapest, 484, 488; provides a Lublin (Poland): Council for safe haven in his bomb shelter, Assistance to the Jews in, 186 488; his step- daughter reflects on Luckner, Gertrud: helps Jews, his motivation, 521; Photo 55 239 Lutz, Gertrude: helps her Ludwikowski, Alojzy: helps husband in Budapest, 476 Jews, 34 Luxembourg: and two rescuers, 390 Luzzati, Adriana: in hiding, 446 Lvov (Eastern Galicia): acts of rescue in, 63–7, 71, 79, 80, 107–8; rescuers on trial in, 81; and a sewer hiding place, 83–4; and an orphanage hiding place, 89; a survivor from, 91; refugees from, 91–2, 208–9; a rescuer’s

608

I N D E X journey to, 172; Council for Assistance to the Jews in, a convent at, 371–2; a Jewish 186; an escapee from, 201; German rescuers in, 286; couple find safety in, 377; Italian soldiers in, help Jews, 433 deportations from, 386 Lyons (France): rescue efforts in, and around, 322, 323, Malle, Louis: his film tribute to a 325; a rescuer imprisoned in, 337; a journey through, to rescuer, 354 safety, 342; order for arrest of Jews cancelled in, 435 Maltzan, Countess Maria Lyrer, Eugen: helps shelter von: helps Jews, and hides Jewish children, 350 Jews, 232–3 Mandil, Irena and Gavra: in Maastricht (Holland): rescuers in, hiding, with their rescuers, 408 Photo 37 Macedonia: Jews deported from, Manielewicz, Celina: rescued, 307; Italian consular protection in, 438 after a massacre, 511–12 Macenavicius, Antanas and Manker, Khemie and Lily: saved, Maria: save Jews, 134 47 Machay, the Reverend Dr Mann, Gertrude (Gertrude Krol- Ferdynand: gives shelter, 230 Mann): smuggled out of Madritsch, Julius: a Righteous Holland, 413–14 Austrian, in Poland, 275–81 Mannheim (Germany): a young Maglione, Cardinal: reports ‘gross infraction’ of deportee from a village near, principles, 325–6 hidden and saved, 326 Mahler, Selik and Mantoudis, Michael and Salomon: helped to escape, Adamantia: hide a family of 312 Greek Jews, 305–6 Mährisch-Ostrau (Moravska Maplewood (New Jersey): a Ostrava, rescuer commemorated in, 383 Czechoslovakia): Emilie Schindler’s mission of mercy to, Marcinelles (Belgium): two Jews 285 boys in hiding in, 369 Majdanek concentration camp Marconi, Monsignor (German-occupied Poland): 104, 181, 183; a Polish Giuseppe: intervenes to help prisoner in, helps Jewish prisoners, 491–2 Jews, 294 Malach, Madame: and her Italian rescuer, 439 margarine and sausages: in a Malickis (husband and wife): save Jews, 154–5 labour camp, 280 Malines (Belgium): a detention camp at, 363–4; Margoshes, Dr S.: meets a medical help in ‘legendary’ rescuer, 175 Maria and Stefan (husband and wife): rescuers, 181–2 Marianne and Adèle (Catholic sisters): give refuge to two Jewish children, 371 Maribor (Slovenia): Jewish girls helped in, 294 ‘Marina and Gilberto Carnazzi’: an assumed identity, 457

609

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Marienburg (East Prussia): British rescuers from a Maxwell, Dr Elisabeth: reflects on prisoner-of-war camp at, 514 rescue, 15; describes an ecumenical marmalade: a gift of, 507 rescue effort, 323; describes a Marneffe (Belgium): internment at, 385 Belgian rescuer, Marquet, Abbé: helps Jews, 349 374; describes the rescue Marseilles (France): Jews helped to leave, 26; Jews activities of a nun in a hidden in, concentration camp, 503 338; a route to safety through, Mayer, Hans and Nel: look after 347 Jewish children, 419 Marszalkowska Street Mazia, Frieda: witnesses an (Warsaw): refuge near, 192 execution, 141 Marten family (Belgium): shelters Meed, Benjamin: reflects on Jews, 381 rescue, 142 Masing, Dr Uku and Eha: save a Meed, Vladka: reflects on rescue, Jewish student, 60 142; records acts of rescue, 210 Masse, Albert: saves a nine-year- old Jewish boy, Meijer family: in hiding, 416 326 Melamed, Joseph: recalls Masutti family: help a Jewish family, 450 clergymen who rescued Jews, Mat, Abbé: his acts of rescue, 390 124 Matassini (an Italian peasant): helps a Jewish Memel: a German from, and an family, 443–4 act of kindness in Dachau, 502 Matusiewicz, Josef and Mende (France): a Jewish girl at Paulina: shelter a Jewish girl, school at, 340 72 Mendes, Aristides de Matuson, Sara: saved by British prisoners of war, Sousa: helps Jews, 26 514–17 Mendon, Madame: saves two Matuszynski family: given shelter, 149–51 Jewish children, 338 Maurits, Willem and Mersi, Captain Lucillo: helps Jeanne: Dutch rescuers, 417 Jews in Greece, 439 Maury, Monseigneur Jean- Baptiste: helps save Methodists: help Jews, 310, 521 Jewish children, 323 Metz (France): refugees from, Mauthausen concentration given false identity cards, 328 camp: a rescuer deported to, Metz, Loekie: a Jewish girl, and a 354; deportation of Jews to, 392; and a warning in Dutch rescuer, 409 Holland, 394; deportations to, from Budapest, Meulemeester family: Belgian 481; Jewish women released from, and taken to rescuers, 374 Switzerland, Meyer, Ernie: writes about a 504; a train reaches Switzerland from, Photo 62 Righteous German Army officer, 262 Meyers, Odette: in hiding, 334 Miami (Florida): a survivor visits, 197 Michalewska, Marja: helps Jews to survive, 91–2 Michalowice (Poland): execution of Righteous Poles at, 165

610

I N D E X

Michman, Dr Jozeph: writes about Dutch rescuers, Miskolc (Hungary): an act of 408–9 rescue in, 462; a ‘miracle’ in, Miessen, Heinrich: helps Jews in 464–5 Holland, 269 Mitrani-Andreoli family: give Mihai (Michael), King of Romania: his shelter to a Jewish boy, 447 mother’s pressure on, 300 Mizhantz (eastern Poland): a Jew Mikulai, Gusztav: saves Jews in finds shelter in, 46 Budapest, 474 Mizocz (eastern Milan (Italy): deportation and rescue in, 446 Poland): slaughter in, and an act of rescue, 42; and a Righteous Milanowek (near German, 274 Warsaw): Council for Mkrtchyan, Arakel: saves two Assistance to the Jews moves to, Jews, 52 191 Mkrtchyan, Vartan: saves Jews, Milch, Baruch: saved, amid betrayal and slaughter, but later killed in action, 52 82–3 Modena (Italy): a Jewish boy Milford, Charles (Klaus Mühlfelder): reflects on a given refuge in, 447 protest in Berlin, 245 Modlin (Poland): survival in, 158 Milis Institute (Prague): the head of, helps Jews, 288, Modra (Slovakia): Jewish 289 children given refuge in, 293 Millau (France): a Jewish girl in hiding in, 340 Mogilevskyi family: in hiding, 54 Milliex, Roger: hides two Jews, Momignies (Belgium): two Jewish 305 boys given sanctuary in, 387 Milowski, Helena and Waclaw: hide a Jewish Moncalieri (Italy): a Jewish couple, 151–2 family given refuge in, 446–7 Milowski, Lucek: brings Jews water, 152 Monowitz (East Upper Minneapolis (Minnesota): a survivor speaks in, 163 Silesia): see Buna-Monowitz n.44 Mons (Belgium): and a Jewish Minsk (Byelorussia): rescue in, girl in hiding, 371 45 ‘Monsieur Albert’: an assumed Minsk Mazowiecki (Poland): a rescuer in, 158 identity, 367 Mont César (Belgium): rescue Mironiuk, Okseniya: saves a Jew, work at, 381 34 Montauban (France): a defiant Mironiuk, Sawko: saves a Jew, 34 French engine driver at, 324; an Mirow (Poland): water brought from, 143 energetic cyclist at, 330 Misiuna, Wladislaw: his courageous act, 142– Monte Subasio (Italy): an escape 3 to safety at, 455 Montefalco (Italy): Jews given refuge in, 454 Mopty, Pierre: helps Jews escape, 349 Morand, Joseph and Leonie: rescuers, 370 Moreali, Giuseppe: an Italian rescuer, 440–1

611

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Morgan, Keith: records a story of rescue, 123 Munnik, Nora: ‘my new . . . Mornet, Professor Daniel: a rescuer, 346 “sister”’, 407 Morpurgo, Marcello: rescued, in Munnik, Violette: a rescuer, in Italy, with his family, 451 Holland, 407 Moscow (Soviet Murt, Mother Marie-Angélique: a Union): Wallenberg taken to, rescuer, 341 487 Muslims: save Jews, 11, 296–7, Moscow Declaration (1943): and 301–2; help Jews, 459 Austria, 246 Mussolini, Benito: his anti- Moser, Rudl: an Austrian rescuer, Jewish laws, 432; a German protest 249–50 to, about ‘pro-Jewish zeal’ of Italian Moses: saved, 9–10; and a Dutch baby saved in a officials in France, 435–6; basket, 429 overthrown, 440 Moskalik, Krystyna: a rescuer, Musya (a Jewish woman): saved, 227 45–6 Mostar (Bosnia): an escape to, Mylner, Gitele: saved, 136 296 Myrtle (a Norwegian Mother Maria: see Skobtsova, Elizabeth woman): helps Jews, 311 motivation: and rescue, 519–31 Myto (Czechoslovakia): Jewish Motor Vehicle Repair Park children smuggled to, 290 (Vilna): and a German rescuer, 252–5 Naef, Roesli: protects Jewish Motzko, Bruno: a rescuer, 241 children, 350–1 Mount Zion (Jerusalem): and Nagy, Laszlo: helps provide Oskar Schindler, 9 shelter, 473 ‘Moustache’ (a German soldier): his cruelty, Nakonieszny, Jan: hides five 167 Jews, 155–6 Mozes, Gustel: finds refuge in Naktiel, Alida: finds a refuge for Holland, 425 her child, 419–20 Muchman, Beatrice and Naktiel, Siny: found a safe haven, Henri: given safe haven, 370 419–20 Mulder, Marguerite: a Dutch rescuer, 413 Namur (Belgium): refuge in a Müller, Heinrich: persuaded to let fourteen Jews monastery in, 375; Jews hidden in, leave Germany, 236; two protests to, about Italian 381 refusal to share German view of ‘the Jewish Nansen, Odd: helps Jews escape, question’, 434–5 314 Munkacs (Hungary): a Jewish boy saved in, 462 Naples (Italy): Allies land south Munnik, Albert: and his new of, 440 ‘son’, 407 Napoleon Square (Cracow): and a blackmail note, 194 Natalia (a Jewish woman): saved in Warsaw, 202 National Agency for Children (Belgium): the director of, saves many Jewish children, 363–4

612

I N D E X

Naumiestis (Lithuania): a Jewish girl saved in, 134, Nickel, Maria: her Righteous act, 135 237–9 Nazi Party: a member of, unwittingly employs a Jew, Nicolai (a Russian prisoner of 151; a member of, helps Jews, 252 war): in hiding, 114 Nazi–Soviet Pact (August Nicolini, Bishop of Assisi: saves 1939): and Eastern Galicia, 63 Jews, 454 Nek, Sister Felicja: saves a Jewish girl, 149 Nieuwlande (Holland): Jewish Nel (a Dutch woman): helps hide a Jewish girl, 421 children from Amsterdam found Neofit of Vidin: protests, 309 hiding places in, 425 Neri, Emilio: saves Jews, in Nieuw Vennep (Holland): a Salonika, 439 rescuer in, 395 Netherlands, the: see Holland Nilsen, Pastor: helps Jews, 310 Neuengamme concentration camp: a rescuer dies in, Nisenbaum, Maria: given shelter, 382 94 Neugraben (near Hamburg): and Nitsch, Mathilda: helps Jews to ‘good people’ near a slave labour camp, 497–8 escape, 295 Neumann, Dr Ziga: a refugee from Zagreb, hidden in Noble, Tommy: helps save a Italy, Jewish girl, 516 447–8 Nojar, Mieczyslaw: saved, 201 Nèvejean, Yvonne: saves many Nonantola (Italy): Jewish refugee children given refuge in, 432; Jewish children, 363–4 Jewish children taken to New Jersey (USA): a gathering in, to commemorate a Switzerland from, 440–1 rescuer, 383 Normandy landings (1944): 354, New York: ‘Hidden Children’ gather in, 11; a reunion 357 in, 33; help for rescuers from, 34; a survivor in, 94; North Sea: Jews smuggled across, seven orphaned children, previously in hiding, reach, 397 Photo 63 Norway: round-ups in, xii; acts of New York Times: and a report on a Belgian rescuer, rescue in, 310–16 375; and a rescuer commemorated, 383; and the reunion Norwegian Lutheran between a father and son, 420 Church: bishops of, protest, Niccaci, Father Rufino: saves 312–13 Jews in Assisi, 454–6 Norwegian resistance: helps Nice (France): safe haven in, disrupted, 352 Jews, 313, 313–15; thanked, 315 Nicholls, Stephen: records Novel (France): a crossing point Righteous acts in Pomerania, into Switzerland, 355 237 Novozybkov (Russia): nine Jews saved in, 54 Nowacka, Helena: hidden with her baby son, 211 Nowak, Felicja: given refuge, 146 Nowak, Ludwig and Aniela: their act of rescue, 219–21, 222 Nowogrodek (eastern Poland): escapees from, rescued, 42–5

613

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Nowy Dwor (Poland): the fate of Opinja (‘Opinion’): a Jewish a priest in, 158; a German helps a Jewish girl reach, newspaper, 66 258 Oppenheim, Dr A. N.: seeks Nozyk Synagogue (Warsaw): the cantor of, rescued recognition for a British on a Death March, 510 woman, 333 Nunspeet (Holland): rescuers in, Oradour-sur-Glane 399 (France): rescue and Nuovo (Pesaro, Italy): a hiding place at, 447 destruction at, 257–8 Nuremberg Trials: a German witness at, 274–5 Orange (France): and an assumed identity, 353 Oberlungwitz (Germany): a Order of St Basil: nuns of, shelter ‘righteous man’ in, 506 three Jewish boys, 70 O’Brien, Agnes: receives an award for her sister, Orlender, Zygmund: given 464 n.11 shelter, with his sister, 272 Occupied Zone (of France): 322; Jews smuggled out Orsi, Hermine: hides Jews, 338 of, 345–6 Oster, Colonel: helps a Righteous Ocskay, Captain Laszlo: saves German, 235 Jews, in Budapest, 473–4 Ostrog (eastern Poland): a Jewish Odler, Szaje: given sanctuary, then murdered, family saved in, 30; and a 41 Righteous German, 274 Oegstgeest (Holland): a Jewish girl in hiding in, Ostrowiak, Anna: recalls two 423–4 ‘decent’ German soldiers, Oesterweiler (a Jew): saved by a 498–9; recalls acts of kindness, German, 275 489–501 Olczak, Genowefa (Genia): a rescuer, 179–81 Ott, Emma: helps shelter Jewish ‘Old Testaments’: and French defiance, 337 children, 350 Old Town (Warsaw): Jews hidden in, 180 Otter, Baron Göran von: passes Oliner, Samuel: finds refuge, 228; reflects on the on details of mass murder, altruistic behaviour of the Righteous, 525 262–3 Olsza (a suburb of Cracow): and a rescuer, 214 Ottignies (Belgium): a school in, Olszewicz, Moishe: saved, 28 saves twenty Jewish children, Oolbekking, Hein and 370–1; two more Jewish Jeanne: hide a Jewish girl, children given sanctuary in, 400–1 370–1 Opalka, Mr: provides false identity papers, Otwock (near Warsaw): a nun 227 keeps a ‘terrible secret’ at, 182 Opdyke, Irene Gut: helps Jewish women, 75–6 Our Lady of Zion Convent (Rome): shelters more than a hundred Jews, 442 Ovart, Madame: her courage, and her fate, 374 Overduijn, Leendert: a Dutch pastor, and rescuer, heads a rescue organization, 430–1 Ozhenitsa (Poland): a Jew seeks refuge in, 36

614

I N D E X

Paasche, Joachim: and his wife’s defiance, 233 on way to, smuggled into Italy, Padrabé (Lithuania): rescuers in, 294; certificates for, sent to 125 Vittel, 333; pioneers training for, Page, Anthony: directs a film about a rescuer, 233 smuggled out of Holland, n.2 410; pioneer training for, in Pais, Dr Abraham: his release secured, 405 Italy, 433; a list of approved Pajewski, Teodor: helps a Jewish historian, 209 immigrants to, 469 Palatucci, Giovanni: helps five hundred Jews, then Palmnicken (Baltic sent to Dachau, 459 Sea): massacre and rescue at, Palazzini, Pietro (later Cardinal): saves Jews in 511 Rome, 442–3 Palomba, Umberto: helps a Paldiel, Mordecai: and a Lithuanian rescuer, 122; and Jewish refugee family in Italy, Polish rescuers, 177–8 ns.9, 10, 458 11, 194 n.35; and German rescuers, 252 n.1, 256 n.5; and a German rescuer in Holland, Panazol (France): a safe haven in, 269–70; and a German rescuer 329 in Poland, 270; and the rescuers of Albania, 302; and a Paniowce Zielone (Eastern ‘turning point’ in Roman Catholic attitudes, 330; and a Galicia): a Jewish boy in French rescuer, 331 n.21; and the people of Le Chambon, hiding in, 71 337; his own rescuer, 349–50; and a Belgian village, Pan-Jun-Shun: a rescuer, 53 369–70; and a Belgian boarding school, Pap family: give sanctuary, in 369–70; and a Dutch rescuer, Holland, 399 431 n.69; and a Hungarian rescuer, 466 n.17; and Raoul Papal Nuncio Wallenberg, 468 n.21; and an Italian rescuer, in (Zagreb): intervenes, 294 Budapest, 483 n.54; reflects on the behaviour Papo, Mira: given refuge, 297 of the Righteous, 520–1; and the Papo, Salomon: deported from ‘moral duty’ of honouring the rescuers, 530–1; and the hospital, 441 ‘bright and shining side of man’, 531 Parankova (Lithuania): ‘noble Palestine (British Mandate): a pre-war visit to, 65; a souls’ in, 126 post-war visit to, 110; those rescued make their way to, Paris (France): deportations to 198; those Auschwitz from, 322; Jewish children hidden near, 326; a Jewish child hidden in, 333; a round-up in, 334; an arrest in, 346; a rescuer in, 347; a train ticket from, 356–7 Parysow (Poland): three Jewish sisters from, given sanctuary, 148 Paskeviciene, Jolanta: tells the story of Lithuanian rescuers, 125–6 Passover: and the Righteous, 9; and Jews in hiding, 33, 85, 331; and a precious manuscript, 297

615

T H E R I G H T E O U S

The Password is Courage charge of Spanish safe houses in (film): and a Righteous British soldier, 509 n.29 Budapest, 470; issues protective Pataky, Dr Arnold: provides sanctuary for documents, 482; obtains release Jews, 473 of threatened Jews, 482–3; Patoux, Juliette and Gaston: save a Jewish girl, remains in Budapest, 484, 486; 327–8 Photo 50 Patras (Greece): Jews of, saved, Perski, Yitzhak: works with a 306 Righteous British sergeant, 509 Paukstis, Father Bronius: saves n.29 Jews, 124 Perugia (Italy): arrested Jews ‘Pauline’: a less Jewish name, 212 taken to, 450; rescue in, 454 Pauvlavicius, Jan: rescues Jews, Pesaro (Italy): liberation in, 448 137–8; murdered for saving Peshev, Dimiter: opposes Jews, 138 Pavel and Katia (a Jewish couple): given shelter, deportations from Bulgaria, 309 288 Pessah, Rabbi: obtains shelter for ‘Pavlovnia, Kristina’: an assumed name, 157–8 752 Jews, 306 Pawiak prison (Warsaw): a rescuer incarcerated Pétain, Marshal: collaborates, in, 187; a 322; a protest to, 324; religious ‘decent Gentile’ in, 489 feelings of, ‘irreconcilable’ with Pawlicka, Janina: gives sanctuary, deportation, 326; a supporter of, 206–8 becomes a rescuer, 341 Payot, Abbé André: helps Jews, Peterfy, Ida: her acts of rescue, 323 462 Pecs (Hungary): a deportation from, 468 Petrenko, Natalya and Peiper, Hanka: in hiding, 208 Antonina: hide two Jewish Peleg, David: given sanctuary, in escapees, 504–5 Budapest, 479–80 Petrowski, Vasilien: saves Peltew River (Lvov): and a sewer hiding place, 84 eighteen Jews, 86 Penraat, Jaap: smuggles Jews out of Holland, 415– Petrykiewicz, Maria and 16 Wanda: Austrian rescuers, Pentecostal movement: helps 249–50 Jews in Norway, 311 Pfannschmidt, Joachim: hides a People’s Army (Armia Jewish woman, 237 Ludowa): helps Jews, 205 Pharaoh: his daughter’s courage, Père Jacques: a rescuer, 354 Peres, Shimon: his father the colleague of a 10 British rescuer, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania): a 509 n.29 ‘legendary’ Righteous Pole Peresika (eastern Poland): Jews helped in, 43 visits, 176 n.8 Perlasca, Giorgio (Jorge): in Piatigorsk (Russia): two Jews hidden in, 54–5 Picot family: save two Jewish girls, 339 Pieris (Italy): Jews find refuge in, 448

616

I N D E X

Pietromarchi, Count: reports Pleyber-Christ (France): a Jewish ‘brutal measures’ of Germans and Italian ‘safeguard’, girl finds refuge in, 357 436 Plomnik family: their daughter in Pietrusiewicz, Mr: a rescuer, hiding, 193–4 160–1 Plovdiv (Bulgaria): and a Piglowska, Sister Blanka: helps hide a Jewish girl, 89 churchman’s protest, 308 Piguet, Anne-Marie Imhof: helps Jewish children Pludy (near Warsaw): Jewish escape to Switzerland, 352 children hidden at, 177 Piguet, Bishop Gabriel: approves rescue, 341 Pochet, Maurice and Maria: hide Pilica (Poland): a rescuer and her child executed in, a Jew, 367–8 155 Podgorska, Stefania: a teenage Pinczewska, Alicja: saved, 149; at her First rescuer, 229 Communion, Photo 41 Podhajce (Eastern Galicia): Jews Pionki concentration camp from, rescued, 92–4 (German-occupied Podoszyn, Jozef and Poland): escapees from, given shelter, 143; ‘friendly’ Anna: hidden, 67 Germans in, 258 Pogany, Gyorgy: in hiding in Piotrkow (Poland): acts of rescue in, 159, 163, 259, Italy, 453–4 285 Poitiers (France): rescue in, 328 Pokrovsky Church (Kiev): Dean Pitter, Premysl: helps Jews, of, saves Jews, 53 288–90 Polak, Coenraad: given refuge, Pius XII, Pope: Germans protest at Christmas 398 message of, 434 Polak, Freddie: given sanctuary Piwnicza (southern Poland): Jews helped to escape with his three children, 403 through, 278 Polak, Dr Henri: in hiding, 406 Place du Chatelain (Brussels): a final act of rescue in, Polak, Mrs: helped by a German, 382 268 Placzek family: save Jews, 144–5 Poland: penalties in, 10; German Plagge, Major Karl: a German rescuer, 252–6; reflects invasion of, 25–6; Jews trapped in, on his motivation, 526 26–7; and rescue in Eastern Galicia, Plaszow concentration camp 63–109; and rescue in Vilna, 110– (German-occupied 19; and rescue in the German- Poland): 220, 221, 227–80; a factory in, under benign administered General- Government, control, 279–81; sadism at, 140–70; and 281–2; a second factory in, under benign control, rescue in Warsaw, 171–213; 281–2; evacuation from, 281–2; a Polish ‘benefactor’ Jewish children from, find refuge in, 493 in Italy, 432; Jews from, reach Platteau, Léon: helps Jews, 363 Hungary, 461 Polish Council for Assistance to the Jews: see Zegota Polish Government-in-Exile (London): a rescuer heads its Jewish Affairs section in Poland, 188; warns against extortionists, 190

617

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Polish People’s Army (Armia leave, 171; a Jewish family in Ludowa): 205; helps Jews, 205 hiding at, 195 Polish Home Army (Armia Prague (Czechoslovakia): Jews Krajowa): and the Jews, 29, taken for safety to, 233; Jews 32; and two rescuers, 174; a member of, saves helped in, 287–90; Jewish Jews, 202; helps Jews, 205; harms Jews, children from, in Norway, 314 224 Preisz, Susan: saved, 389 Polish Transport Workers Union: Presser, Jacob: writes about a a leader of, in hiding, 206 Righteous German in Holland, Pollak family: hidden, 172 269 Poltava (Ukraine): an act of rescue in, 274 Preston, David Lee: seeks Pomerania recognition for his mother’s (Germany): deportations from, rescuer, 85–6 237 Pristina (Kosovo): Jews in, Ponar (near Vilna): a rescuer murdered at, 117; an rescued, 300 escapee from, given refuge, 119; frequent Prital, David: saved, 34–41 deportations to, 253; and a German sergeant’s desire Prittet, Geneviève: helps Jews to help Jews, 256 escape to Switzerland, 349 Poniatowa concentration camp (German-occupied Profondeville (Belgium): an arrest Poland): a deportation to, 180 in, 366 Pontius Pilate: modern versions of, 185; ‘We do not Prokop family: hide Jews, 154 wish to be’, ‘Promised Land for the Jews’ (Côte 185 d’Azur under Italian Poor Clares (Clarisses) (Nice, France): take in rule): German anger at, 437 a Jewish child, 353 ‘protected’ houses: in Budapest, Poor Clares (San Quirico, Italy): a Gestapo raid on, 470 fails in its purpose, 454–5 ‘Protest!’: on behalf of the Jews, Popovici, Dr Traian: intercedes on behalf of Jews, 184 298–9 Protestant Church (Berlin): its Portuguese Legation Dean’s defiance, 233 (Budapest): rescue efforts of, in Budapest, 471, Protestants: help Jews, 129, 232, 477, 480 233, 313, 322, 334, 340, 375, postage stamps: celebrate the 376, 413, 417, 477 Righteous, 290 Pruszkow (near Warsaw): a ‘Potato Stealing’: and a decent rescuer in, 210 German soldier, 499 Prva, Frantiska: saves two Jewish Potrzebowski, Jan: ‘he saved our lives’, 202 girls, 463 Praga (Warsaw): Jews forced to Przemysl (Western Galicia): acts of rescue in, 229, 261–2; an escapee from, 472 Przemyslyany (Eastern Galicia): a Jew finds a hiding place in, 67 Przybysz, Mr: denounced and shot, 180 Psalms, the: and Jews in hiding, 41, 418

618

I N D E X

Pshenitse, Yehudis (Judith): the saga of her rescue, Rajski, Wincenty and 157–8, 258–9 Stefania: hide two Jews, 92 Puah (a midwife): defies Pharaoh, Rakevicius family: saves thirty- 9 five Jews, 128–9 Pugliano Vecchio (Italy): a hiding place in, 447 Rangsdorf (Berlin): a Jew in Puntrzela (a Polish hiding at, 243 Catholic): ‘good-hearted’, 99 Raskow, Herman and Puznow (Poland): sanctuary in, Fanny: helped to escape, 148; Photo 9 311–12 Pyrenees: escape across, 351, 415 Raskow, Josef: helped to escape, 311 Quakers: and rescue, 350, 355–6 Raszbaum, Teofila: hidden, 174–5 Quintin, Alphonse and Ravensbrück concentration camp Marie: rescuers, 369 (north of Berlin): rescuers die in, Quisling, Vidkun: heads 201, 331; a Righteous German sent ‘quisling’ government, 310; a protest to, 312 to, 239; a Righteous Belgian dies in, 374; Righteous Dutch women Rachela (a Jewish doctor): and her niece in hiding, imprisoned in, 400, 410; a 100–2 ‘brave lady’ dies in, 449; deportations to, from Budapest, Racz, Vilmos: hides sixteen Jews, 481; a nun’s rescue efforts in, 475 503; Swedish Red Cross negotiate a Radecznica (Poland): Jews from, hidden, 165 prisoner release from, 503–4; buses Radom (Poland): a courageous act in, 142; the Council on their way from, Photo 61 for Assistance to the Jews in, 186; two Jewish girls from, Ravet family: rescuers, 369 rescued, Rawa Russka (Eastern Galicia): a 218; and a Righteous German, Jewish girl in hiding near, 74 256–7 Red Army: liberation by, 42, 46, Radun (Poland): a message taken to, 31; a survivor of, 52, 55, 61, 71, 76, 80, 86, 93, 46 103, 108, 118, 161, 211, 221, Radziejowski, Rysiek: sheltered, caught, and 264, 267, 487–8, 511; and executed, 201 Stalingrad, 85; approaches Radzilow (Poland): a Jew from, saved, 29 Budapest, 484 Ragauskis, Antanas and Red Cross insignia: a protective Ona: save a Jewish girl, 123 device in Budapest, 471; see also Raile, Father Jakab: saves Jews in International Committee of the Red Budapest, 471 Cross Raimondo family: protect a Redlich family: in hiding, 104–6 Jewish family in Italy, 452 Redlich, Shimon: saved, 104–6 Raj (Eastern Galicia): Jews in hiding in, 106 Reed, Walter H. (Werner Rindsberg): recalls acts of rescue, 351 Regensburg (Germany): two Jewish sisters reach, 163

619

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Reibscheid-Feliks, Roza: given shelter, 229–30 informed about Belgian rescuers, Reich Security Main Office (Berlin): a protest to, 362; receives protest about Italian 81; distressed by attitude of Vatican, 434; learns of ‘resistance to the Final Solution’, Italian sabotage of anti-Jewish measures, 437 434–5; protests at ‘pro-Jewish zeal’ Reingold, Uriel: reflects on the of Italian officials in France, 435– Righteous, 152 6; a further protest by, against the Reiter, Sister Johanna: saves a four-year-old Italians, 435–6 Jewish girl, 149 Richardson, Mary (née Rembertow (Poland): a Jewish girl rescued from, Olvenich): given refuge, 359 157–8, 258; a Jewish girl helped in, 258–9 Richter, Glenn: befriends a Rembiszewska, Mira: saved, 141 survivor, 94 Remond, Archbishop Paul: helps hide Jewish Rieck, Walter: a rescuer, in children, 352–3 Berlin, 241 ‘Renie’: an assumed identity, 430 Rieger, Katerina: her ‘courageous’ Reviczky, Colonel Imre: ‘one of the most act, 287 praiseworthy’, 466 Riga (Latvia): Jews rescued in, Rewkowska, Joanna: a small girl, at risk, 204 56–7 Rewkowska, Maria and Zygmunt: risk their lives Righteous Among the to save a Jew, 204 Nations: designated, 9, 52, 54, Reynders, Reverend Henri (Père 56, 58, 60, 76, 77, 120, 121, 148, Bruno): see Father Bruno 153, 156, 176, 181, 184, 198, Reynders, Dr Michel: recalls his uncle’s career and 223, 246, 290, 357, 361, 391, acts of rescue, 380, 381–2 his own efforts, 380–1; 399, 451 n.30, 456, 466 n.17; a reflects on ‘one of the prime Christian obligations’, ceremony for, in London, 204; a 528–9 ceremony for, in Warsaw, 222; a Reznif, Josef: helped by a Polish priest, 505 ceremony for, in Budapest, 464 Rhineland n.11; financial help for, 296 n.18; a (Germany): deportations from, to Vichy France, 235 Dutch village designated as, 425 Rhode St Genese Righteous Among the Nations (Belgium): rescue in, 386 Award: and ‘a real and dear Rhodes (Italian Dodecanese island): two rescuers Righteous Gentile’, 480; and an on, 458 elderly rescuer, 80 Rhule (France): a Jewish girl in hiding at, 340 Righteous Among the Nations Ribbentrop, Joachim von: (Lexicon): 408 Righteous Gentiles: and ‘a story that touches the heart’, 48; and a Ukrainian Catholic priest, 70; ‘and a place of honour and gratitude’, 170; in Germany, 232; ‘in my life there have not been any’, 168 Rimbocchi (Italy): a tragedy in, 445 Ringelblum, Emanuel: records

620

I N D E X acts of betrayal, 168; records Righteous acts, 171, 209; Romka (a Jewish girl): in hiding, his diary, 213 69 Rinkevicius, Elia: and her husband’s rescue activities, Ronai, Avraham: and an act of 129; rescue in Budapest, 482 ‘generous, kind-hearted’, 132; Roosevelt, President Franklin shares food, 133 D.: a letter to, 64–5 Rinkevicius, Vitalija: receives an honour on behalf of Rosay, Abbé Jean: helps Jews her parents, escape, 349 525 Rose, Leesha: works with Dutch Rinkevicius, Vytautas: the ‘heart and soul’ of a rescue rescuers, 397 scheme, Rosen, Donia: hidden, 80–1; pays 129–34 tribute to a British sergeant’s Rischel (a German): helps Jews, ‘selfless actions’, 509 266 Rosen, Sara: and a ‘saviour Ristic, Risto: his Righteous acts, turned into traitor’, 83 295; his motivation, 522 Rosenbusz, Dr Maximilian: one Rivesaltes internment camp (Vichy of the first victims at Auschwitz, France): 355 228–9 Roanne (France): an escape from, Rosenbusz, Zofia: finds 329 sanctuary, 229 Roermond (Holland): a German Rosenstrasse Detention Centre Jewish teenager finds refuge in, (Berlin): a protest in, 244 425 Rosenzweig, Zygmunt (‘Uncle Roger, Marie-Elise: ‘I did nothing unusual . . .’, 526 Yasha’): in hiding, 155 Roman Catholics: save Jews, specific examples of, 11, Roslan, Alex and Mela: hide 37, 49, three Jewish children, 197–8 59, 63, 88, 92, 95, 97, 103, 111, 118, 122, 129, 136, 174, 183, Rosner, Rose: rescued from a 237, 322, 325, 340, 368, 375, Death March, 482 397, 410, 425 Rosochacz (Eastern Galicia): Jews Roman (Romania): an act of rescue at, 298 saved in, 86 Romanet (France): a Jewish family sheltered in, Rossen, Selma: recalls rescue, 327 86–7 Romania: acts of rescue in, Rossner, Alfred: a Righteous 297–300; parts of, annexed by German, in Poland, 270–1; Hungary, 460 executed, 271 Romanian diplomats: help Jews Rotbel, Edward: deported, as a (in Rome), 442 Hungarian Jew, 368 Rome (Italy): a leading Nazi protests to, 438; German Rotem, Simcha: given shelter, 197 occupation of, 440; German plans to deport Jews of, Rotenberg, Alexander: saved, 15 441–3; rescue efforts in, 441–3 Röthke, SS Lieutenant Heinz: reports that Italian troops have ‘used force’ to free Jews, 436; reports that Italian police in France ‘protect the Jews by every means . . .’, 437–8

621

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Rotman, Anna and Iza: in hiding, Rum (Austria): and a place of 209 safety, 250 Rotmil, Bernard: recalls his rescuer, 384 Rumst (Belgium): two Jewish Rotta, Angelo (Vatican representative in girls find refuge in, 378 Budapest): his rescue efforts, Rungsted (Denmark): Jews helped 471, 476, 480; remains in to Sweden from, 318 Budapest, 484; Photo 48 Russian Orthodox: save Jews, 11, Rotter, Sy: his documentary film about survivors 53, 89, 331; their Baptist and rescuers, neighbours, 40 237 n.12 Russian partisans: kill Jews, 14 Rotterdam (Holland): and acts of rescue, 395, 402– Ruth (a Jewish Berliner): and an 3, 413 act of rescue, 237–9 Roussey, Yves: helps Jews, later arrested and shot, Rysiewicz, Adam: hides twelve 349 people, 190 Rovno (eastern Poland): a Rzeszow (Poland): a Jew from, Righteous German in, 273 rescued, 169 Rozenberg, Janusz and Jadwiga: saved, 90 n.30 SS: shoot a Jewish girl in hiding, Rozenberg (a Jew in 51; protest at help given to Jews, 81–2; search for children, hiding): given shelter, 94; 122; active in Warsaw, 192; in killed, 94 Cracow, 220; in Przemysl, 230, Rozencwajg, Aleksander: killed at Katyn, 179 261–2; in Berlin, 238, 240; in Rozencwajg, Roma and Vilna, 254; in Bialystok, 266; in Gabriel: in hiding, 179–80 Bedzin, 270, 271; in Rozensztajn, Bela: finds her daughter, 152–3 Zdolbunow, 273; in Rovno, 274; Rozensztajn, Marysia: rescued, in Plaszow, 278, 280; and 152–3 ‘Schindler’s List’, 282; Oskar Rozsa, Sandor: hides Jewish slave labourers, 511 Schindler takes ‘Property of’, Rozycka, Maryla: and a German rescuer, 263 283; at Brunnlitz, 283–4; in Rubin, Amos: recalls his rescuers, 462 Albania, 301; demand Finland’s Rubinstein, Cesia: and a Jews, 316; seek Denmark’s Jews, Righteous German, 271 316–17; in France, 340, 342, Rudawska, Katarzyna: hides a young Jewish girl, 357–8; in Belgium, 381, 389; in 80 Holland, 395, 399; in Italy, 434, Rudelli, Vincenzo and Candida: give refuge to 435, 436, 440, 442, 445, 450; in several Jewish families, 457–8 Greece, 438; in Hungary, 461, Ruiter, Dr: his act of rescue, 412 466; leave Budapest, 469; return to Budapest, 470, 479, 486, 487; and an act of rescue, 389; Jews handed over to, 460; and an undercover agent, 472; and a massacre averted, 487; and ‘a very good sort’ in Janowska concentration camp, 491; and an act of kindness, in a slave

622

I N D E X labour camp, 500; and an act of kindness, in Dachau, St Helier (Channel Islands): a 500–1; a member of, takes ‘a great risk’, rescuer in, 359 505; a member of, and a rescue stratagem, 509; seek St Joseph’s Church (Arendonk, escaped Jews, 513; the power of, and rescue, 519 Belgium): a baptism in, 378 Sabbath candles: provided for girls in hiding, 331 St Joseph’s Orphanage Sabbath, the: and Jews in hiding, (Brussels): opens gates to 33 Jewish children, 368 Sabina, Miss: executed for talking to a Jew, 113 St Julien en Genevois Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin): (France): an escape route a German pastor sent to, 235; a Norwegian rescuer sent through, 349 to, 314; a French rescuer sent to, 324 St Marguerite Catholic boarding Sack, Josef: in hiding with his wife and daughter, school (France): shelters 195 Jewish girls, 341 Sadik, Ahmed: Muslim, shelters St Marie Scharbeek church Jews, 296 (Brussels): the pastor of, Safonov family: save Jews, 54; shelters a Jewish child, 374 the parents shot, 54 St Mary’s Convent (La Bouverie, Safonov, Nadezhda: helps Jews survive, 54 Belgium): shelters Jews, 382 Safonov, Vasilyi: helps Jews survive, 54 St Niklaas (Belgium): a safe St Anna’s Church (Lvov): and an act of rescue, 78 haven in, 365 Saint Antony: (patron saint of fugitives), 250 St Paul d’Eyjeaux (France): a St Antony’s College (Oxford): a rescuer interned at, 337 Polish rescuer visits, 190 n.28 St Privat-de-Vallongue (France): a Saint Cybard, Sister: a rescuer, Jewish girl sheltered in, 338 358 St Servais (Belgium): Jewish St Francis of Assisi: Jews hidden in his birthplace, children given sanctuary in, 366 454 St Gallen (Switzerland): Jewish women prisoners reach St-Vincent, General de: refuses to hospital in, 504 arrest Jews, 325 St Genis-Laval (France): a rescuer executed at, 337 salami: a police dog distracted St Hedwig’s Cathedral by, 226 (Berlin): prayers for the Jews offered up in, 236 Salinger, Mania: recalls a German’s Righteous acts, 256–8 Salkhazi, Sister Sara: a rescuer, executed, 484 Salonika (Greece): Jews of, and Italian protection, 438–9 Saloschin, Paul: deported, 245 Sambor (Eastern Galicia): Jews saved in, 91 Samuel, Henriette: and an escape to Sweden, 314–15 San Benedetto (Italy): Jews given refuge in, 454 San Damiano (Italy): an escape to, 455–6

623

T H E R I G H T E O U S

San Damiano monastery (Assisi, Italy): Jews Malwina): enable Jews to hidden in, 454 survive, 93 San Francisco (California): and a Schade, Arthur: helps Jews, German rescuer, 233 263–5; in an anti-Nazi cell, 265 San Giovanni Rotondo (Italy): a Schechter, Golda: sheltered, with Jewish refugee hidden in, 453 her children, 94 San Lorenzo (Friuli, Italy): a place of refuge in, Schenherr family: help a mother 448, 450 and daughter, 329 Sandezer, Felicja: saved, 149 Schenker, Eugenia: records Sandrigaylo, Emma (née betrayals and rescue, 169 Babich): and a Jewish boy in hiding, 45 Schepaniuk, Roman and Sanok (Western Galicia): a safe haven in, 101–2 Julia: rescuers, 97 Sanz-Briz, Angel: his rescue efforts in Budapest, Scheveningen (Holland): and an 467, 470; leaves Budapest, 482; Photo 49 act of rescue, 423 Saperstein, Captain Harold (Rabbi Saperstein): Schijveschuurder, Joop and describes the actions of a Righteous Belgian, Loek: in hiding in Holland, 375–6 411–12 Sarajevo (Bosnia): Muslims protect Jews in, Schindler, Emilie: revives Jewish 296–7 deportees, 284–5 Sarajevo Haggadah: protected, Schindler, Oskar: saves Jews, 9, 297 226, 280–5; at a post-war reunion Sardinia: a rescuer from, 458, 459 with some of ‘his’ Jews, Photo 64 Sarfati, Buena: and an Italian’s act of rescue, 439 ‘Schindler’s List’: submitted to Sarna, Marcin: sheltered, then executed, 201 the SS, 282 Sarner, Harvey: his archive, 167 n.51 Schindler’s List (film): 285 Satoraljaujhelyen (Hungary): a Schivo, Don Beniamino: helps a Righteous Calvinist in, 463 Jewish refuge, 450 Saul, Eric: his ‘Visas for Life’ Schläde, Lieutenant: helps exhibition, 26 n.1 Jewish women in a slave labour Sauvage, Pierre: reflects on his rescuers, 337–8; camp, 498–9 reflects on the stories of the Righteous, 530–1 Schmid, Sergeant Anton: helps Sauvagemont (Belgium): two save Jews in Vilna, 256; Jewish boys find refuge in, 387 executed, 256 Sawicka, Maria and Anna: help Schmidt, Sergeant: a ‘decent’ Jews, 196–7 German soldier, in a slave Sawicki, Stefan: executed, 197 labour camp, 498 Sawko family (Jozef, Antoine and Schneider, Chawa: arrested and deported, 366 Schneider, Munisch: given refuge, 366–7 Schneider, Peter: records Righteous acts in Berlin, 240 Schoen family: find a hiding place, 224–5

624

I N D E X

Schotte, Marie: hides Jews, in Senior, Julia Henriquez: helped Holland, 404–6 by a German, 268–9 Schoumans, Jan: rescues a Jewish woman, 399; Sera and Jaap (two Jewish honoured in Toronto, 475 n.39; a ‘humanist’, children): and a failed escape, 528 265–6 Schouten, Cornelia: a Dutch rescuer, 408 Serapinas family: give refuge, 134 Schultz, Fritz: helps a Jew, 180 Serbia: rescue in, 295 Schultz, Irena: brings help into the , Serbs: atrocities against, 294 187 Servalli, Giovanni: helps a Schulz, Gustav and German-Jewish refugee family, Anni: rescuers, in Berlin, 243 457 Schwartz, Dana (Dana Seventh Day Adventists: and a Szapira): in hiding, 167 Dutch rescuer, 431 Schwarz, Helka: saved, 163 Schwarz, Joseph: collects testimonies, 91 Sevenum (Holland): several Schwarz, Käthe: a rescuer, in hundred Jews hidden in, 410 Berlin, 241 Seweryn, Tadeusz: recalls fate of Schwarz, Sabina: the odyssey of her survival, 162–3 Righteous Poles, 165 Schweitzer, Albert: helpers of, become rescuers, 337, Seyre (France): Jewish children 350; and find refuge at, 350 ‘heroic altruism’, 525 Shakhbazyan, Knarik: a rescuer, Scotland: and a brave teacher, 52 464; and a soldier-rescuer, 516 Shaki, Rena: saved, 305 Segal, Louis: meets a ‘legendary’ Shanghai: Jews reach, 26 rescuer, 175 Shaparis, Apolonia: saves a Seiden, Cecile: given refuge, with her mother, 371–2; Jewish girl, 134 and the motives of her rescuers, 528 Shapiro-Rosenzweig, Yetta: in Seidman, Hillel: saved, 333 hiding, 115 Sejkorov, Egon and Erna: helped, Sharoni, Baruch: reflects on 288 rescue, 13, 142; reflects on the Selig, Ursula Korn: a German Jewish refugee in Italy, numbers of the rescuers, 529 found sanctuary, 450–1; in hiding, Photo 44 Shavli ghetto (Siauliai, ‘Semitic names’: documents issued without, 439 Lithuania): a girl rescued Semovice (Czechoslovakia): an act of kindness at, from, 122–3; an attempted 505 rescue at, 123 Sendlerowa, Irena: heads rescue efforts for children, 186–7 Shelshelovich, Zelda: saved, 58; Sened, Yonat: saved, 195 n.36 marries her rescuer, 58 Sheptitsky, Father Ihumen: helps a Jew in hiding, 67 Sheptitsky, Metropolitan Andreas: an appeal to, 66; arranges hiding places, 67; mourned, 71–2 Shestakovsky, Ignatzia: helps save Jews, 127

625

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Shestakovsky, Mikhail and Simelis, Mykolas: rescues Jews, Mikhilina: ‘noble souls’, 138–9; murdered for saving 126–7 Jews, 139 Shetz, Ignnetz: saved, 35 Simond, Albert: helps Jews Sheyenson (a Jew in escape, 349 Riga): rescued, 57 Singen-am-Hohentwiel Shifra (a midwife): defies (Germany): a crossing to Pharaoh, 9 Switzerland through, 96 Shijak (Albania): Jews find refuge in, 301 Singer, Flora M.: and Father Shkoder (Albania): Jews saved in, Bruno, 379 n.33, 384–5, 529 302 Singer, Nechama: given shelter, Shtraim, Bluma: killed, but her son saved, 60 32–3 Shtraim, Fima: saved, 60–1 Singer, Ruszka: given refuge, Shtraim, Ilya: lost, 60–1; found 61 32–3 Shubaliuk, Svetlana: seeks Sister Ewoud: hides a Jewish girl, ‘Valik’, 62 402 Siauliai (Lithuania): see Shavli Sister Jeanne Françoise: shelters Ghetto a Jewish girl, 340 Siberia: a pretended exile to, 102; Sister Ligoria: gives refuge, 229 a former exile in, 206 Sister Maria (in Liptovsky St Sicily: conquered, 440 Mikulas): her ‘devoted care’, Sieciechowice (Poland): a Jewish girl in hiding in, 292 227 Sister Maria (in Vilna): saves five Siedlce (Poland): Council for Jews, 115 Assistance to the Jews in, 186 Sister Theresa: teaches Jewish Siedliska (Poland): Jews betrayed in, 168 girls in hiding, 340 Sighet (Hungarian-occupied Romania): and Sisters of Bellegem ‘wonderful Maria’, 463 (Belgium): shelter Jews, 382 Silberman, Jacques: in hiding, in Sisters of the Divine Saviour Belgium, 383–4 (Budapest): provide refuge, Silberman, Rachelle (Rachelle 472 Goldstein): recalls her rescuer, Sisters of Don Bosco 383–4; in a convent garden, Photo 23 (Belgium): hide Jews, 376, 382 Silbermann, Mr: in hiding, 380 Sisters of the Eucharistic Union Silesia: and a rescue stratagem, (Budapest): their rescue 278 discovered, 472 Silvers, Paul: recalls his rescuer, Sisters of the Good Shepherd 385 (France): rescue a Jewish Simaite, Ona: helps Jews, and is punished, 121 woman, 354 Simelis, Jadvyga: dies, 138 Sisters of Maria Bambina (Gazzaniga, Italy): give refuge to a Jewish brother and sister, 458 Sisters of Mercy of Szatmar (Budapest): hide twenty Jews, 472–3

626

I N D E X

Sisters of Mercy (Tluste, Poland): shelter Jews, 83 278; Pastor Kuna’s Righteous acts Sisters of the Order of Divine Love in, 291–2; Jews from, reach (Budapest): rescue efforts by, Hungary, 461; Jewish women from, 472 in Auschwitz, and an act of Sisters of St Joseph (France): hide kindness, 507 Jewish children, 341 Slovenia (Yugoslavia): refugees Sisters of St Mary (Belgium): give refuge to Jewish from, reach Italy, 433 girls, 371, 476 Smichov (Prague): a preacher in, Siwek, Stanislaw: helps survivors of a Death Camp calls for support for the Jews, revolt, 504 289 Skaryzsko-Kamienna Smit, Karst: a Dutch rescuer, (Poland): and a decent guard, 413–15 489–90 Smit, Romke: a rescuer, killed in Skidelsky, Valentin: rescued, in action, 415 Vienna, 247 Smolar, Moshe: saved, 47 Skierniewice (Poland): a Pole executed in, 140 Snekkersten (Denmark): Jews Skipwith, Sofka: helps Jews, cross to Sweden from, 318 331–3 Sobibor concentration camp Skobtsova, Elizabeth (Mother Maria): hides Jews and (German-occupied helps Jews, 331; arrested, 331; continues her rescue Poland): deportations to, 341, efforts in concentration camp, 503 394, 419, 422, 426, 429 n.67 Skole (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl from, given Socha, Magdalena: and a refuge, 72 celebration, 85 Skolimow (near Warsaw): work as a gardener at, 200 Socha, Leopold: helps save Jews, Skopje (Macedonia): Italian consular protection 83–5; killed as ‘God’s in, 438 punishment’, 85 Skorzec (Poland): a rescue near, 147 Society of the Virgin Mary Skrzeszewski, Helena: saves (Budapest): hides sixty Jewish Jews, 86 children, 473 Slachta, Margit: saves a Jewish religious leader, 471 Sodom: ‘a righteous man in’, 496 Slager, Vreesje and Sonia: in hiding, in Holland, Sofer, Barbara: recounts a 413 Righteous act, 238–9 Sletten, Ingebjorg: saves Jewish children, 313 Sofia (Bulgaria): an act of rescue Slonim (Poland, later Byelorussia): a Righteous in, 307 woman buried in, 51 Sofia (a maid): and a Jew in Slovakia: a survivor from, 13; Jews helped to escape search of refuge, 68, 70 through, Soignes, Forest of (Belgium): and a final act of rescue, 382 Sokolinska, Mrs: hides two Jews, 79 Solignac (France): a mother and daughter helped in, 329 Soltisowas (a husband and wife): shelter a Jewish girl, 489

627

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Solymossor, Janos: intervenes to save Jews, 476 Spiessen family: rescuers, 371–2; Sonenson family: helped by non- Jews, 31–2 ‘we were not heroes . . .’, 528 Sorbonne (Paris): police raids on, Spiessen, Harry and Joss: risk 346 their lives, 371–2 Sosin, Otton: a tutor, 223 Spiessen, Natalie: not told that Sosin, Tadeusz and the newcomers were Jewish, Zofia: rescuers, 222–3 372 Sosnowiec (Poland): execution and rescue in, 141; Spietz, Alfred: in hiding, a Jew allowed to write a letter to, 493 captured and deported, 447 Sosnowski, Aleksander: a Spiska Stara Ves Righteous Pole, executed, 166 (Slovakia): refuge in the forest Sotgiu, Girolamo: helps Jews on the island of near, 290 Rhodes, 458–9; returns to Sardinia, 459 Spychalski, Jan: helps three Jews, Souillac (France): a mother and her daughter in 174 hiding in, Photo Staermose, Lieutenant Eric: helps 36 Danish Jews escape, 320 ‘Sourbe family’: an assumed identity, 344 Stakauskas, Father: helps hidden South Africa: a Jew from, searches for his Jews, 115–16 rescuers, 125 Stalag 20B (prisoner-of-war : Jews leave Europe through, 26; camp): British rescuers from, Germany invades, 514 26–7; post-war Jewish emigration from, 35 n.17; Stalingrad, Battle of: and a see also Red Army celebration in hiding, 85 Spain: escape routes to, 336, 344, Stanislawow (Eastern 351, 404, 409, 415, 431; a Luxembourg rescuer in, Galicia): Jews in hiding in, 71 390; Holland welcomes Jews from (after 1492), 391 Stankiewicz, Jonas and Spanish Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of, Joana: save a Jewish child, 467, 469, 471, 477, 480, 482 125 Spector, Shmuel: describes an act of rescue, 34; Stankiewicz, Nijole: the daughter writes about a remarkable German, 274, 275 of rescuers, Photo 5 Spello (Italy): Jews given refuge in, 454 Star of David: in the ghettos, 140; Sperber, Henryk: saved with five members of his a protest against, 392–3; family, 156 punishment for not wearing, Spielberg, Steven: and the 394; Goebbels protests at ‘lax’ ‘Golleschau Jews’, 285 Italian attitude towards, 433; an Italian diplomat reports German demand to cancel instructions against, 436; a Jewish boy takes off, after twelve days, 462; in Budapest, 464 ‘Star of Solomon’ (Star of David): Germans demand cancellation of Italian instructions against, 436 Starczewska-Korczak,

628

I N D E X

Genowefa: helps save a Jewish girl, 151 Stojka, Stanislaw: killed for Steenstra, Albert: a Dutch rescuer, caught and killed, hiding Jews, 165 396 Stokowski family: murdered for Steenstra, Louisa: a rescuer, forced to go into sheltering Jews, 146 hiding, 396 Stoler, Meir: saved, 46 Stefan, Metropolitan (of Stolowicki, Michael: saved, Sofia): protests, 307, 308, 524 110–11; Photo 1 Stein, André: interviews a Stolowicze (eastern Poland): an Hidden Child, 407 act of rescue in, 48–51 Stein, Heinz Thomas: given refuge, 397; Photo 29 Stolp (Pomerania): deportations Steinberger, Itzhak: recalls a rescuer, 465 from, 237 Sten, Efraim: recalls a rescuer, 87 Strasbourg (France): Jewish boys ‘Stepian, Jan’: an assumed name, from, in hiding, victims of an SS 259, 260 reprisal, 358 Stepinac, Cardinal Strauch, Richard: a ‘kind’ Aloysius: condones, then condemns and saves, German, 489 294 Strausz, Jozsef and Margit: save a Stepniewski, Tadeusz: a member of the Polish Council Jewish boy, 462 for Assistance to the Jews, Photo 12 Streekstra family: hide a Jewish Stern, Cecylia: saved, with her daughter Lili, 286 girl, 410 Stern (now Pohlmann), Stroka, Leokadia and Lili: taken to safety, 67; saved, by a German rescuer, Kazimierz: hide a Jewish girl, 286 73–5 Sternberg, Yaakov: and a Viennese rescuer, 277; and Strom, Alik: given refuge, 134 an Austrian rescuer, 279 Stroop, SS General Jürgen: warns Stettin (Germany): an attempt to protect deportees Christians not to hide Jews, from, 234; further deportations from, 237; deportations from Norway through, 314 303–4 Stettler family: rescuers, in Strumowka (Poland): a Righteous Belgium, 528 Ukrainian in, 34 Stock, Ernest: finds his father after the war, 420 Strutynska-Christow, Stock, Leo: in hiding in Holland, Teresa: hides Jews, 166 420 Stryj (Eastern Galicia): an escape Stocker, Maria: an Austrian rescuer, 249–50 from, 89 Stockholm (Sweden): a rescue mission to, 317 ‘Strzycki, Bolek’: a new identity, 159 Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry: a leader of, and the story of a Righteous act, 94 Studite monastic order: a Jew forced to leave, 67; Jews found shelter with, 70 Stumpff, Lieutenant Alfred: testifies to the Righteous acts of a fellow- German, 254

629

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Stutthof concentration camp (near Danzig): Swiss Children’s Aid (Secours deportations to, 137; three Polish activists deported Suisse aux Enfants): rescues to, 190; and a Polish girl’s gift, Jewish children in France, 335, 511; a deportee from, saved by 350 British prisoners of war, 513–17 Swiss diplomats: help Jews (in Styr river: Baptists of, 38 Rome), 441 Sudetenland: Oskar Schindler’s factory in, 280, Swiss Legation 282 (Budapest): rescue efforts of, Sugihara, Chiune: helps Jews leave, 26 467, 469, 471, 477, 480, 486; an Sugny (Belgium): a hiding place in, 371 infirmary established by, to Sunday Telegraph: interviews a save Jews, Photo 59 Righteous Frenchwoman, 330 Switala, Stanislaw: shelters seven Supreme Court (Israel): a future Jews, 199 President of, rescued, 129 Switzerland: border guards of, Susak (Croatia): Jews helped to escape from, 295 14; a Jew reaches, 15; a police Sutzkever, Avraham: in hiding, officer in, helps Jews, 25; an offer 117 to flee to, 96; a journey from ‘Suzanne’: an assumed identity, Photo 22 Poland towards, 163; German ‘Suzy’: an assumed identity, 388 Jews reach, 236, 241; escape Svitavy (Sudetenland, also called Zwittau): Oskar routes to, 335–6, 343, Schindler’s act of rescue at, 283–4 347, 348, 349, 350–1, 352, 355, Sweden: a survivor living in, helped in Warsaw, 365, 373, 398–9, 404, 409, 413, 204; escapes to, from Norway, 312, 313, 431, 441, 451; fourteen 314–15; Jews smuggled from Holland to, 397; Jews Hungarian Jews sent to, 470; Jews brought in safety to, 504; buses on their brought from a concentration way to, Photo 61 camp to, 504; a train on its way Swedish Legation (Budapest): its efforts to help to, Photo 62 Jews, 467–8, 469, Swolchen (Holland): a Jewish 471, 477, 480; an Arrow Cross attack on, 487 boy finds refuge in, 397; Photo Swedish Protestant church (in Berlin): a focal 29 point for helping Jews, 232 ‘Sypek, Julia’: an assumed name, Swedish Red Cross: negotiates release of Jews, 247 320, 503–4; Szabo, Oszkar: saves Jews in ‘White Buses’ of, Photo 61 Budapest, 475; Photo 56 Swiecice (Poland): two Jews hidden in, 149 Szalasi, Ferenc: seizes power in Budapest, 470 Szapira, Dana: hidden, with her mother, 167–8 Szapira, Lusia: in hiding, 167 Szczebrzeszyn (Poland): the fate of a Righteous Pole, 165 Sztajer, Abraham: in hiding, 517; avoids being shot, 517 Sztehlo, Pastor: his rescue efforts, 477–80, 483–6; Photo 58 Sztehlo, Ilona: ‘a heroine’, 485

630

I N D E X

Sztojay, Dome: protests against deportations from Terlouw, Henny: a Dutch rescuer, Hungary, 468 420 Szwajcer family: given refuge in Théas, Bishop Pierre- Italy, 446 Marie: denounces Szwajcer, Josef: rescued, then shot, 517–18 deportations, 330 Théis, Pastor Edouard: rescues Tanner, Jana: recalls Righteous acts, 293 Jews, 335, 337 ‘Tante Co’ (Dr Nicolette : food and Bruining): a Dutch rescuer, clothes smuggled into, 288; 420–1, 422 parcels posted to, 288; Taquet, Marie: shelters eighty deportations to, 288, 320, 401; Jewish children, 369 Danish Jews in, protected, 319, Taratuta, Aba and Ida: obtain information about a 320–1 rescuer, 56 n.46 Third Reich: ‘shrinking’, 116 Tarnopol (Eastern Galicia): acts of kindness in, 75–7; Thomassen family: Dutch the fate of Poles who hid Jews in, 108 rescuers, 425 Tarnow (Poland): an act of rescue in, 228–9; Germans Thônes (France): rescuers in, 348 in, help Jews, 275; a factory in, gives protection to Jews, Thrace: Jews deported from, 307 277 Thys, Dr: provides false Taschdjian, Aram and documents, 386 Felicia: save a Jew, 247 Tieze, Suse Lotte: recalls a Tau, Tove: saves Jewish children, Righteous act, 290 313 Tikotin, Ilana (Ilana Drukker- Taubenfeld, Alicja- Tikotin): in hiding in Holland, Irena: rescued, with her cousin, 218–19 417–19 Tel Aviv (Israel): a letter from, thanking rescuers, Tikotin, Steffi (Steffi 230 Robertson): in hiding in Telgte (Germany): a Jewish girl protected in, 493 Holland, 402 Temple, Shirley: an actress to be emulated, 72; Tilburg (Holland): rescue efforts emulated, 73 in, 413, 414 Tenenbaum, Mordechai: his archives guarded, 29 Times, The (London): reports Tennenbaum family: saved, 87 French opposition to Tennenbaum, Fanny and deportations, 325 Dawid: find refuge, 79–80 Tirana (Albania): Jews saved in, Terboven, Josef: rules Norway, 302 310 Tiso, Father Jozef: orders Teressa, Mrs: saves two Jews, deportations, 290 49–52 Titsch, Raimund: an Austrian, helps Jews in Poland, 275–6, 278, 279, 280 ‘Tivoli, Maria’: an assumed identity, 439 Tluste (Eastern Galicia): rescuers betrayed near, 82 Todorov, Tzvetan: reflects on rescue in Bulgaria, 523–4

631

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Toebbens’ factory (Warsaw): Jews in, 193 Trier (Rhineland): and a ‘Tolek’: the story of his rescue, Righteous German, 246 231 Trieste (Italy): escape from, 448; Tomka, Gustav: helps rescue escapees from, in hiding in Assisi, Jewish slave labourers, 511 455 Tomkiewicz family: shelter a Trikkala (Greece): most Jews in, Jewish boy, 125–6 saved, 306 Tonelli, Dr Sandor: hides forty Tripiccione, General: refuses a Jews, in Budapest, 475 German appeal for help, 440 Toronto: a survivor emigrates to, Trocmé, Pastor André: rescues 111; rescuers honoured in, 475 n.39 Jews, 335–7; Photo 32 Toth, Helena: secures the release of seven Jews, Trocmé, Magda: helps rescue 508 Jews, 335; ‘How could we Toulouse (France): an escape through, 344 refuse them?’, 527–8 Tourinnes-St-Lambert Troglia, Gimmy: takes refugees (Belgium): two Jewish boys find sanctuary in, from Italy to Switzerland, 451 369 ‘Trojan Horses’: endanger Trananricz (a Jew): liberated from prison, 253 rescuers, 349 Transnistria: deportations to, 299 Trondheim (Norway): a church Trashinski, Iosef: saved, 52 protest in, 310; an escape from, Trawniki concentration camp 312 (German-occupied Troostwijk, Jehoedah: reflects on Poland): 180; and an act of rescue, 209 his rescuers, 426 Treason or Honour (documentary film): and Jews in Troostwijk, Menno: arrested and hiding, 237 n.12 deported, 426 Treblinka death camp (German- occupied Poland): Tunis: Italians protect Jews in, an escapee from, given refuge, 145; rescuers perish in, 155; deportations to, 163, 165, 181, 433 206, 257, 307; a ‘humanitarian’ act during the Turin (Italy): a Jewish mother journey to, 173; an escape on the way to, 210; revolt and daughter from, given refuge, at, 504 446; Jews from, find refuge in a Trembowla (Eastern Galicia): an escapee from, remote valley, 456 finds refuge, 87 Turka (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish Trepman, Paul: recalls the ‘Angel of Majdanek’, girl hidden in, 88 491–3 Turkey: Jews helped to escape to, Treptow, Ernst and 305 Maria: rescuers, in Berlin, 243 Turner, Ilana: and a Polish girl’s gift, 511 Tursz, Dr Michael: saved by a ‘legendary’ rescuer, 175–6 Tworek, Kazimierz and Janina: save a Jewish child, 159 Tygodnik Powszechny (newspaper): and a Polish ‘benefactor’, 493

632

I N D E X

Tykocin (Poland): Poles murdered in, for lectures about the Righteous in, sheltering Jews, 140, 152 385; a Dutch rescuer in, recalls her Tyrol (Austria): and an act of rescue, 247 family’s rescue efforts, 404; a Tyz, Grzegorz: helps Jews in hiding, 87 rescuer dies in, 474 Holocaust Memorial Uccle (Belgium): Jews in hiding in, 376, 383 Museum (Washington DC): its Udine (Italy): a safe haven in, 450 photo archive, 244 Ufryjewicz, Father: helps save a United States Office of Strategic Jewish family, 88 Services: reports Norwegian Uhniv (eastern Poland): Jews given refuge in, 67; efforts to help Jews, 315 and a monastic refuge, 67–8 Unoccupied Zone (of France): see Ujvari, Sandor: helps Jews in Free Zone Budapest, 480 ‘unsung heroes’: of the Ukrainian Catholic Church: an appeal to its head, 66 Holocaust, 286 Ukrainians: and collaboration, Ural mountains: an escape to, 34 14, 27, 94, 97, 98; ‘bestiality’ of, Urbanek, Zdenek: helps Jews, 14; acts of rescue by, 34, 35, 288 38–9, 42, 52, 53, 86, 88, 97–8; Uritskyi family: saved, 54 hostility of, 35, 88; murders by, Usach, Dr Juliette: in charge of a 42; ‘humanitarian’ acts by, 173; children’s home, 337; with some and a ‘decent Gentile’, 489 of her Jewish youngsters, Photo 33 Ulkumen, Selahattin: saves fifty- two Jews on the Utrecht (Holland): acts of rescue islands of Rhodes and Kos, 459 in, 419, 420, 427–9; a son reunited with his father in, 420 (Warsaw): deportations from, 181 Vabulis, Yanis: saves a Jewish ‘Uncle Piet’: a rescuer, 397 woman, 58 ‘Uncle Stefan’: a rescuer, 182 Vacquiers (France): rescue in, Ungvar (Hungarian-occupied Czechoslovakia): a 344 rescuer from, 463 Valence (France): an act of rescue United States: takes in Jewish refugees, 25, 26; ‘Visas at, 354 for Life’ exhibition in, 26 n.1; rescuers settle in, 28, 197, Valent, Paul: in hiding in 275; survivors emigrate to, 85, 95, 103, 141 Budapest, 407 n.31 n.6, 153, 159, 169, 339, 379, ‘Valik’: a less Jewish-sounding 384; a letter to, 216; Jewish children sent to (1941), name, 61 350; Valle Santa (Italy): refuge in, 444 Valle Stura (Italy): refuge in, 446 Vallingegno (Italy): Jews given refuge in, 454 Van Ameringen, Tirzah: with her rescuer, Photo 26 van Berlikom, Jet: saves Jewish babies, 419 van Binsbergen, Marion: a Dutch rescuer, 403

633

T H E R I G H T E O U S van Daan family: in hiding, 394 van den Berg, Varese (Italy): an act of rescue Albert: a Belgian near, 446 rescuer, 380, 381, 382 Varnavina, Valentina: saves a van der Fort, Hannah: finds a hiding place for a Jewish child, 60–1 Jewish boy, Vatican: distresses Reich Security 397 Main Office, 434; shelters Jews, van der Heijden family: Dutch rescuers, their 441–2; protests against tragic fate, 415 deportations, 468; rescue efforts of van der Putten, Gerrit: a policeman and a rescuer, its representative in 426–9 Budapest, 471, 476 van der Stoel, Hetty and Vatican Legation Martinus: rescue a baby boy, (Budapest): rescue efforts of, 402–3 471, 477, 480 van der Vaart, Dirk and Vatican Radio: reports papal Neels: Dutch rescuers, 418 van Dyk, Jan and injunction favourable to Jews, Tinie: hide a 437 Jewish girl, 401 Vavrusevich, Mikhail: helps van Eerd-Mutsaers, Adrianne and Jews, 33 Annie: Dutch rescuers, 426 van Gestel, Adrianus: Vavrusevich, Nikolai: hides a mother and daughter, 32–3 a rescuer, Veesenmayer, SS General: a shot, 415 protest to, in Budapest, 468 van Hessen, Edith (later Edith Veitch, Bronia: and a remarkable Velmans): goes into hiding, act of rescue, 364–5; and a second 393–4 act of rescue, 365 van Live, Geertruida: saves Venice (Italy): an arrest in, 449 Jewish babies, 419 Vénissieux (France): Jewish Van Lohuizen family: give sanctuary to two children rescued from, 323 Jewish girls, Venlo (Holland): a Jewish girl 401 finds refuge in, 401 ‘van Meerhaegen, Jeannine’: an assumed identity, Verduin, Grietje: her Righteous 371; Photo 20 act, 427 van Odyk, Pief: visits Jews in hiding, 425 Verillac family: save a Jewish van Oosten family: give refuge to a Jew, in Holland, boy, 338 411 Vermes, Gabor: in hiding, 479 van Roey, Cardinal: intervenes, Verona (Italy): an arrest in, 446 368 ‘Verschoor, Corry’: an assumed ‘van Tijn, Juliette’: an assumed identity, 407 identity, 424 van Tongeren, Jacoba: a Dutch rescuer, 420 Vershovsky, Major Senitsa: tries Vanger, Richard: his rescuer, to protect Jews, 55 48–52 Vesili, Refik: helps hide eight Varena (Lithuania): a priest in, tries to comfort Jews, 301; reflects on the motive for Jews, 124 rescue, 523; with two of the children in hiding, Photo 37 Vichy France: Jews leave, 26; Jews deported to, 235; agrees to

634

I N D E X

German deportation demands, Vitkauskiene, Julija: a rescuer, 322; dismisses a general who refuses to round up Jews, 121 325; round-ups in, 336; internment camps in, 235, 325– Vittel (France): Jewish internees 6, 328, 332, at, receive help, 332, 333 333–4, 338, 340, 351, 356; a supporter of, becomes a Vlastaris, Dimitrios: helps the rescuer, Levis family, 305 341; Jews smuggled into, 345–6; Italians oppose anti- Vlora (Albania): Jews hidden in, Jewish measures of, 437 301 Vidal, Juliette: helps Jewish children escape to vodka: policemen distracted by, Switzerland, 226 347–8 Voice of Piotrkow Survivors, Vienna: a Righteous diplomat in, The: and a saga of rescue, 163 25; a police sergeant from, helps Jews in Poland, 276–7; n.44 a Jewish woman helped to travel to, 288 Voiron (France): a betrayal at, Villa Emma (Nonantola, 352 Italy): Jewish children find refuge in, 433; Jewish Volhynia province (Poland): Jews children smuggled to Switzerland from, saved in, 30, 32–42; a German 440–1 rescuer in, 272–6 Villata family: give refuge to a Volksdeutsch: see Ethnic Jewish family, 446 Germans Villefranche-de-Rouergue (France): a Jewish girl Volos (Greece): most Jews in, given shelter near, 340 saved, 306 Vilna (Vilnius): its Lithuanian populace, 12; rescue in, Voorschoten (Holland): an act of 110–19, rescue in, 402–3 252–6 Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum Vos, Aart and Johte: rescuers, in (Vilnius): honours rescuers, Holland, 402 120 Voss (a German farmer): seeks to Viollet, Father Marie-Jean: helps betray, 512 Jews escape, 349 Vrba, Rudolf: one of four Virgin Mary: recalled, by a rescuer, 237; her escapees from Auschwitz, 467; statue decorated, 345 recalls an ‘honourable’ block Vis, Laurens: helps hide Jews, in leader in Auschwitz, 507 Holland, 413 Vrbova, Gerta: reflects on Vis, Rudi: and his father’s funeral, 413 ‘appalling’ Slovak behaviour, 13 Vitale, Ada: recounts her family’s rescue, 456–7 Vught concentration camp Vitkauskas, Arejas: a rescuer, 121 (Holland): a rescuer killed in, 410

Wachalska, Anna: helps Jews, 196 Wachtel, Dr Haim: saved, 280 Waclaw (a Polish resistance fighter): provides forged documents, 206

635

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Wagman, Maria: given shelter, Waniewo (Poland): two Poles 201 murdered in, for sheltering Wagner, Meir: describes Swiss rescue efforts in Jews, 140 Budapest, (January 476–7 1942): designates Jews for Waisvisz, Elisabeth (Edna Heruthy): in deportation, 316 hiding in Holland, 420–2 Warsaw (Poland): an orphanage Wajsfeld, Marcus (Mordecai Paldiel): and his in, 89; hiding places in, 142; a family’s escape into Switzerland, Jewish woman taken for safety to, 349–50 153; acts of rescue in, Waka (Vilna District): a meeting at, 113 171–213; Jews helped to reach, Waksman, Roger: given shelter, 256, 277; a Jew found protection in, 340 n.41 259–60; Jews from, interned in Walbrzych (post-war Poland): and a parting of the Vittel, 332; a Jewish woman from, in ways, 103 hiding in France, victim of an SS Wallach, Jaffa and Norris: saved, reprisal, 358; a ‘decent Gentile’ in, 156 489; hatred of the occupier in, 522 Wallach, Pinkas and Warsaw Ghetto: a Jewish girl Anna: saved, 156 from, finds sanctuary, 72; Wallenberg, Raoul: his arrival in escapees from, given refuge, Budapest, 468; his list of 145, 147; girls being deported to, ‘protected’ Jews, 469; and safe houses under Swedish escape and given sanctuary, protection, 469; distributes protective documents, 148; acts of rescue in, 171–213; the 481, 483, destroyer of, moves to Greece, 303 484; helps protect International Warsaw Ghetto revolt Ghetto, 486; averts a massacre, (1943): 174, 194–5, 198, 201, 487; disappears, 487; a portrait of, Photo 47; a 202, 205 photograph taken from his car, of Jews released from Warsaw Uprising (1944): 89, 174, custody, Photo 178, 180, 191, 194, 198, 211 60; the ‘Latvian Wallenberg’, 58; Warsaw Zoo: acts of rescue in, the ‘Italian Wallenberg’, 470 n.26 176 Walter (a Viennese): helps Jews, Washington D.C.: and a child’s 266 future, 216 ‘Wanda’: a young Jewish girl’s assumed name, Wawer (near 162 Warsaw): sanctuaries in, 149 Wander, Dr Gerhard: helps Jews, Wawrzenczyce (Poland): a 267–70 rescuer from, 230 Wander, Gerhard: recalls his mother’s help for Wazschal, Thea: in hiding, Photo Jews, 268 22 Wander, Jacoba: helps Jews, 268 Wdowinski, David: and a ‘humanitarian’ act, 173 Weapons of the Spirit (film): about the rescuers of Le Chambon, 338

636

I N D E X

Weber (an SS man): protects Jews from Arrow Cross, Western Galicia (Poland): acts of 474 rescue in, 214–31 Weber, Janek: rescued, 219–22, Westerweel, Joop: leads a group 370 n.17 of Dutch rescuers, 409–10; Weberman, Raya: in hiding, tortured and killed, 410 166–7 Westerweel, Wilhelmina: sent to Weelde (Belgium): an escape route through, 414 a concentration camp, 410 Weidner, Gabrielle: caught, and killed, 431 Wezembeek-Oppem Weidner, John: organizes escape routes, 431 (Belgium): Jewish girls in Weidt, Otto: his Righteous acts, in Berlin, 245–6 hiding in, 371, 376 Weinberg, Rose Levin: saved, ‘White Angel of the Vilna 111; Photo 6 Ghetto’: 118 Weinberg, Ruth: recalls her rescuers in Rome, White, Madeleine: recalls Sofka 442 Skipwith’s Righteous acts, Weinbergowa (a Jewish woman): sheltered, while 332–3 pregnant, 84 White Russians: see Weinryb (a lawyer): given shelter, Byelorussians 201 ‘Wieczorkowska’: a surname in Weisbarth, Bracha: given shelter, hiding, 79 72 Wiel, Alessandro and Weiss family: saved by acts of rescue, 97–8 Luisa: Italian rescuers, 451 Weiss, Shewach: and a saga of rescue, 97–8 Wielka Street (Warsaw): and a Weissblum, Simon: given sanctuary, 363 remarkable act of rescue, 209 Weith, Irmgard: a German rescuer, 286 Wiener, Henry: in hiding with Wells, Leon (Leon Weliczker): in hiding, 107–9; and a his family, 224; later saved by decent SS man, 491 Oskar Schindler, 226 Wells, Stan: helps save a Jewish girl, 514 Wertheim, Micha: saved, in hiding, 402–3 Wierzbica (Poland): rescuers in, Westerbork executed, 155 (Holland): internment camp at, 394, 401, 419, 422, Wierzbicki, Michal and 424 Anna: their act of rescue, Western Front (1914–18): a 220–2 German veteran of, saves Jews, Wiesel, Elie: and ‘wonderful 252 Maria’, 462–3; at Buna- Monowitz, 508 Wikiel, Jan and Maria: rescue a Jewish couple, 145 Wilde, Henry: recalls acts of kindness, 287, 505–6 Wilkes Barre (Pennsylvania): two rescuers live in, 525 Willegers, Bettina (later Elizabeth Browne): helps her mother’s rescue efforts, 398; helps smuggle four Jews out of Holland, 398–9

637

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Willegers, Wilhelmina: a Dutch rescuer, 398 ‘Woloszczuk, Alicja’: an assumed ‘Willems, Lily’: an assumed identity, 383 name, 149; at her First Communion, Wilrijk (Belgium): two Jewish boys in hiding in, Photo 41 369 Woloszynowicz, Henryk: his Wind, Halina: saved, 84 parents murdered for sheltering Winston, Renate Jews, 140 Schonberg: saved, 463 n.8 Wolski, Mieczyslaw: helps a Winterswijk (Holland): fifty-one Jewish historian, 209 Jews hidden in, 425 Woolfe, Richard: interviews British soldiers who rescued a Wisgardisky, Henia: in hiding, Jewish girl, 516 n.37 125; Photo 5 Woortman, Joop: a Dutch rescuer, Wisnicki, Joseph: helped to leave 406 Poland, 150 Woortman, Semmy: a Dutch Wiszumirsky family: rescue a rescuer, 406; with the Jewish girl Jewish woman, 125 she and her husband were hiding, Wlodzimierz Wolynski Photo 26 (Poland): and an act of rescue, World Jewish Congress: and a 32 ‘legendary’ rescuer, 175 Wojtowicz, Tadeusz: a rescuer, Worms (Rhineland): a Jewish 95–6 couple saved in, 14 Wojtyla, Karol (later Pope John Paul II): will not Wortman, Joop: helps save a perform a baptismal ceremony, 217–18 baby, 428–9 Wola Przybyslawska Wroblewski, Stefan: helps save (Poland): Poles shot for hiding Jews, 83–4 Jews, 155 Wsola (Poland): ‘helpful’ Wola (Warsaw): help to Jews in, Germans, 257 196 Wurl, Private Gerhard: helps a Wolf, Bob and Myriam: send a testimony, 151 Jewish boy, 259–60 n.20 Wybenga, Peter (‘Uncle Piet’): a Dutch rescuer, 397 Wolfson, Dr: helped by a Wyrzkowska, Antonina: saves German, 254 Jews, 27–9 Wolinski, Henryk: active in Council for

Assistance to the Jews, 188; Photo 11 Yad Vashem (Jerusalem): and the Wolk, Dr Nathan: gives testimony about his rescuer, Righteous Among the Nations, 156–7 9, 10, 12, 35, 48, 52, 54, 56, 60, Wollheim, Norbert: testifies on behalf of a 70, 80, 96, 120, 121, 122, 158, courageous British sergeant, 508–9 173, 176, 186, 198, 202, 211, Wolomin (Poland): rescuers in, warned, 153 232, 240, 262, 264, 268, 290, 333, 359, 361, 391, 442, 456, 473, 506 n.24; and the Avenue of the Righteous, 42 n.21, 181, 197 n.40; and unknown rescuers, 248; and ten British soldier-rescuers, 516; its

638

I N D E X

Righteous Among the Nations lexicon, 408; locates saved in, 294; Jewish refugee 17,500 rescuers, 529 children in, find sanctuary in Italy, Yahil, Leni: records rescue of 433; a Jewish doctor from, finds Danish Jews, 317–18, 320–1 sanctuary in Italy, 447 Yanczewka (Poland): Jews sheltered in, 27 Zagurska, Adel, Zoya and Yankovsky, Karl: rescues Jews, Mihalina: save two Jews, 55 56 Zaidel, Anna: in hiding, Photo 22 Yaruga (Ukraine): Jews saved in, Zaklikow (Poland): nobility and 53 bestiality in, 167 Yasha (a Polish girl): helps her mother save a Jewish Zakopane (Poland): a young girl boy, 49 found in, after the war, 162 Yiddish language: and a Jewish girl in hiding, 44–5; Zalewski, Jozef and Jadwiga: hide and a Jewish boy in hiding, 83; and a collection of a Jewish girl, 146 testimonies, 91; and a baby girl in hiding, 118; and a Zall-Herr (Albania): Jews hidden girl taken out of the Kovno Ghetto, 135; and a Jewish in, 301 girl in a Polish orphanage, 162; spoken by a rescuer, Zamboni, Guelfo: reports on 206; spoken by a German rescuer, 270 Greek acts of rescue, 303; helps Yosselevska, Rivka: saved, 42 Jews in Salonika, 439 Yugoslavia: round-ups in, 14; refugee children from, Zamosc (Poland): Council for find sanctuary in Italy, 433; refugees from, in Italy, Assistance to the Jews in, 186 smuggled into Switzerland, 440–1, 452; see also Bosnia, Zante (Greece): Jews of, sent to Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Slovenia safety, 306 Yula (a Polish woman): helps save a Jewess, 77 Zarch, Maja (Maja ‘Yvonne’: an assumed name, Photo 22 Abramowitch): rescued,

58–60 Zabinski, Jan and Antonina: help hundreds of Jews, Zargani, Aldo: and ‘the house of 176–7 Zablocie (Cracow): Schindler’s factory in, 281 the hidden Jews’, 453 Zablocki (a Jew): liberated from prison, 253 Zariz, Ruth: and the ‘indifferent’ Zachmann, Fritz: his citizens of Luxembourg, 390 ‘compassion’, 494 Zaslaw (Poland): rescue on the Zagreb (Croatia): a group of Jews eve of deportation to, 156 Zawadka (Poland): rescuers and rescued executed, 166 Zawalow (Eastern Galicia): Jews rescued in, 91 Zayneba, Susic: helps Jews, 296 Zborow (Eastern Galicia): Jews sheltered near, 94 Zborowski, Zissel (and her sons Eli and Mendl, and her daughter Tsila): in hiding, 144–5 Zbrucz river: and a Jew in hiding, 71 Zdolbunow (eastern Poland): a Righteous German in, 272

639

T H E R I G H T E O U S

Zdunska Wola (Poland): a Jew from, recalls a compassionate German guard, 494–5 Zeelander, Juliette: in hiding, 406–7 Zegota (Polish Council for Assistance to the Jews): 63, 64, 183–91, 205–6 Zeimer, Harry: rescued, 95–6 Zelent, Stanislaw (‘Stasiek’): a Polish foreman, helps Jewish prisoners in Majdanek, 491–2 ‘Zelent’s Sanatorium’: in Majdanek, 492 Zellner, Anna: in hiding, 222–3 Zellner, Dr Henri: and his wife’s escape to Sweden, 315 Zemun (Serbia): a rescuer in, receives post-war help, 296 n.18 Zeuner, Heinz: recalls a Righteous fellow-German, 253 Zgierz (Poland): a Jewish family from, deported from Warsaw, 206 Zhitomir (Russia): and a Russian rescuer, 60 Zielinski family: shelters Jews, 83 Zielonkowski, Mr: helps two Jewish girls leave Vilna, 112–13 Zimmern, Beate: survives, 327 Zimmern, Felice (Felice Zimmern Stokes): saved, 327–8 Zimna Wola (Eastern Galicia): Jews in hiding in, 79 Zingeris, Emanuelis: recalls ‘the spiritual people’ who saved Jews, 120 Zipper, Mark and Klara: saved, 95 Zloczow (Eastern Galicia): nine Jews from, saved, 86 Zofiowka (Poland): survivors of, given shelter, 33 Zog, King (of Albania): allows Jewish refugees to stay, 300; overthrown, 300 Zolkiew (Eastern Galicia): and two Ethnic German rescuers, 272 Zoludzewicz (a Polish farmer): shelters Jews, 31 Zucker (a Jewish woman): hidden in a stove, 210 Zuckerman, Abraham: recalls Schindler’s infirmary, 281–2; recalls a compassionate German truck driver, 494 Zuckerman, Yitzhak: submits testimony on behalf of two Righteous Poles, 197 n.40; given shelter, 199; recalls a rescuer, 202–3; reflects on Polish rescuers and blackmailers, 205; and documents provided by Poles, 205 Zun, Uros: helps save sixteen Jewish girls, 294 zur Kleinsmiede, Egbert: a rescuer, 393 zur Kleinsmiede, Tine: a rescuer, 393; ‘Anyone would have done the same thing’, 524 Zürcher, Peter (a Swiss citizen): in Budapest, 484; averts a massacre, 486–7; Photo 51 Zvielli, Alexander: contrasts Polish and Dutch rescuers, 397–8 Zwartendijk, Jan: helps Jews, 26 Zylberberg, Henrietta: her cruel fate, 200–1 Zylberberg, Michael: in hiding, 199–201 Zwolinski, Titus and Luiza: rescuers, 170 Zwonarz, J