E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1996 No. 26 Senate (Legislative day of Wednesday, February 28, 1996)

The Senate met at 11 a.m., on the ex- Senator MURKOWSKI for 15 minutes, able to get this opportunity to go piration of the recess, and was called to Senator DORGAN for 20 minutes; fol- where they can get the help they order by the President pro tempore lowing morning business today at 12 need—perhaps after the regular school [Mr. THURMOND]. noon, the Senate will begin 30 minutes hours. Why would we want to lock chil- of debate on the motion to invoke clo- dren in the District of Columbia into PRAYER ture on the D.C. appropriations con- schools that are totally inadequate, The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John ference report. but their parents are not allowed to or Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: At 12:30, the Senate will begin a 15- cannot afford to move them around Let us pray: minute rollcall vote on that motion to into other schools or into schools even Father, we are Your children and sis- invoke cloture on the conference re- in adjoining States? ters and brothers in Your family. port. It is also still hoped that during Today we renew our commitment to today’s session the Senate will be able It is a question of choice and oppor- live and work together here in the Sen- to complete action on legislation ex- tunity. We are saying we should at ate Chamber and in our offices in a way tending the authorization of the com- least give the District of Columbia the that exemplifies to our Nation that mittee regarding Whitewater. Senators opportunity to consider whether or not people of good will can work in unity are reminded there will be a rollcall they want to allow these children to with mutual esteem and affirmation. vote at 12:30 today and additional votes have this option. The Members of the Help us to communicate respect for the are possible. Senate, the Democratic leadership, the special, unique miracle of each person f Senator from Massachusetts says, no, with whom we work and with whom we THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA we will not even allow this option to be debate the issues before us. We need considered. We will vote against this Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I do not see Your help to reverse the growing cyni- conference report because of this one other Senators wishing to speak at this cism in America about government and point. I do not understand it. time, so I would like to be recognized political leaders. Today we want to for 5 minutes on my own time, not out We all say we are concerned about overcome this cynicism with civility in of leader’s time. education in America, learning and all our relationships and the business I do hope the Senate will think care- children, but we do not want to give we do together. May we be more aware fully about this vote at 12:30 today. The the children in the District of Colum- of Your presence than we are of tele- District of Columbia is in dire straits. bia that option, even? I would urge my vision cameras, more concerned about We may not approve of the way they do colleagues here in the Senate to vote the image we project as we work coop- business, or what their plans are for for this conference report. If we do not eratively than our personal image, and the future, even. However, it is our Na- do it, we are going to wind up at some more dedicated to patriotism than to tion’s Capital. They need this appro- point—in a week, or two, or I do not party. Help us show America how great priations conference report to be re- know how far down the road—with a people pull together to accomplish solved, and resolved right away. continuing resolution for a few weeks Your will for our beloved Nation. In The problem is there is some lan- or a couple of months or maybe even the name of the Lord. Amen. guage in this conference report using the remaining 51⁄2 months of this year, f vouchers for children in the District of or maybe it will wind up in some omni- RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING Columbia that have remedial reading bus appropriations bill, but I can tell MAJORITY LEADER problems, or tuition vouchers for them my colleagues on the other side of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The to be able to go to other schools. It has aisle it will be funded at less than is in able acting majority leader, Senator a lot of flexibility built into it. The Senator from Vermont, Senator this conference report, probably. LOTT, is recognized. JEFFORDS, has worked very hard to I just think that the Senate looks f come up with a reasonable com- very bad in refusing to vote cloture so SCHEDULE promise. These vouchers will not be that we could even debate this appro- Mr. LOTT. Thank you very much, available, as I understand it, if the Dis- priations conference report. I hope we Mr. President. Today there will be a trict of Columbia decides against it. will have additional votes for cloture period for morning business until the Why should not the Congress at least today. I think we will pick up some. If hour of 12 noon, with Senators per- give them that option? Why do we re- we do not succeed today, I hope we will mitted to speak for up to 5 minutes sist allowing children that need reme- try again next week, and I hope the each with the following exceptions: dial help in reading, for instance, being Senate will find its way clear to vote

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 for what I think is the right thing in trade. There are some trade myths that Some parts of his argument have some invoking cloture. You can still vote I want to talk about today. This will be dark edges that I do not like. Yet the against the appropriations bill for the the first of a series of presentations fact is every time someone raises the District of Columbia if you think it is which I intend to make on trade. question of the trade deficit in this too much money and not done in the Today I will be dealing with the over- country, they are called a xenophobic right way, and I might do that, but view, and then in subsequent days I protectionist stooge of some type. allow us to bring it up for consider- will be dealing with the problems that They are accused of wanting to build a ation. cause the trade deficit. wall around America, or labeled as one I yield the floor. The reason I come to the floor is the of a bunch of isolationists. f myths that exist on trade that are now What a bunch of nonsense. You can being perpetuated in the Presidential stand up for the economic interests of MORNING BUSINESS campaigns. These are generally myths this country, you can stand up for The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. spread around this town that are held American producers and American INHOFE). Under a previous order, there dear by many people in this town: workers, and you can stand up for the will now be a period of time to transact First, ‘‘Balancing the Federal budget symbols and the reality of fair trade morning business until the hour of 12 is important; reducing our Nation’s without being isolationist or protec- noon, with Senators permitted to trade deficit is not.’’ tionist. speak up to 5 minutes each, with the We have two deficits in this country. I would like to run through a series exception of the Senator from North We have a budget deficit in the Federal of charts and talk about where we are. Dakota [Mr. DORGAN] 20 minutes, and Government. It hurts this country, and The first chart is a chart which talks the Senator from Alaska [Mr. MUR- we ought to deal with it. People on about the trade deficit and the Federal KOWSKI] 15 minutes. both sides of the aisle are wrestling budget deficit. Actually, this is the Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I suggest with the priorities of how do you solve Federal budget deficit that is listed the absence of a quorum. the budget problem and put our budget both by the President and by the Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in balance. gress. The budget deficit actually is clerk will call the roll. I know some on the other side say, higher than this because this includes The assistant legislative clerk pro- ‘‘Well, we have all the answers,’’ and the Social Security revenues. Yet, they ceeded to call the roll. some here say, ‘‘No; we have all the an- advertise the budget deficit as $164 bil- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask swers.’’ The fact is everyone would like lion last year. The merchandise trade unanimous consent that the order for to do it the right way. We should bal- deficit is $174 billion. Our total trade the quorum call be rescinded. ance the Federal budget, and we should deficit is slightly lower than that. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without do it with the right set of priorities. merchandise trade deficit to me rep- objection, it is so ordered. But, it is not the only deficit that mat- resents the important aspect because it Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I have ters. We have a trade deficit in this is what we produce and what we manu- 20 minutes in morning business; is that country that is very serious and that facture. This critical sector of our economy has a $174 billion trade def- correct? has been growing. As we address the icit. The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are in budget deficit, we must also address We cannot solve the problems of the morning business until noon. The Sen- this burgeoning trade deficit. budget deficit or the trade deficit with- ator has 20 minutes reserved. The second myth is that more free- out understanding how they relate to Mr. DORGAN. Thank you very much. trade agreements will eventually each other and how they relate to our f eliminate the trade deficits. national economy. The more free-trade agreements we INTERNATIONAL TRADE Both of the deficits undermine our have, the higher the deficits have been. country’s economy. The budget deficit Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, today is It is not more agreements that mat- does. And, so does the merchandise not a particularly busy day in the Sen- ters. It is the kind of agreements that trade deficit. Both are economic warn- ate, as everyone can see. The Senate is counts. Are these trade agreements fair ing flags that our country needs to do not scheduled for action for a bit. We so that American workers and pro- a better job in growing our national have one vote scheduled, and I think ducers can compete and have an oppor- economy. Both mean we have to give probably not much beyond that for the tunity to win in international trade special attention to our wage base and rest of the day. I had asked yesterday competition? to our productive sector. to take some time to discuss an issue Another myth is that there is a com- We had a budget deficit—which is today on the subject of international mon solution for our trade deficit prob- really not measured appropriately—of trade. lems with our trading partners: free $290 billion in 1992. That is down to $164 I noticed in this morning’s paper, the trade. billion now under this measurement. Washington Post, an article that says There is not one common solution. But the merchandise trade deficit at ‘‘Trade Deficit in ’95 Worst in 7 Years.’’ Free trade is irrelevant if the trade is the same time is going up. It is up to This was not on the front page, but in not fair. $174 billion. the business section of today’s paper. Fourth is that trade deficits are not Now, that represents a loss of jobs I have talked on the floor of the Sen- very important factors in the U.S. and a loss of production facilities in ate many times in the last 2 years on economy. our country. I noticed in the article the subject of international trade. The Trade deficits are critically impor- today, the trade officials said, ‘‘Well, reason I came to the floor today was tant factors in our economy. They re- gee. We exceeded all previous years in not only because we were going to have late to what we produce. Those folks in our exports of goods from our coun- the figures on what last year’s trade America who measure our country’s try.’’ Yes, that is true. We also exceed- deficit was in this country but also be- progress by what we consume rather ed all previous years and previous ex- cause there is in the party of the Pre- than what we produce do not under- pectations of the import of manufac- siding Officer an aggressive, raging, stand this. What an economy will be in tured goods into our country. The im- fascinating debate these days about the future is related to what it pro- ported goods we bring in that are man- trade issues. One candidate who is out duces. The production of real new ufactured in other places around the on the hustings campaigning for votes wealth is the source of the engine of world represents nearly one-half of is talking about trade in a particular progress for the future. what we manufacture in America way, and then several others are re- And, finally, the fifth myth is that today. sponding to it. It is somehow as if this seeking fair trade for America and a Let me go to another chart that were the first time trade was being dis- level playing field for our country deals with our trade deficits. Again, no cussed in this country. equals protectionism. one wants to talk about this. Nobody I have been on the floor of the Senate I am not a big fan of Pat Buchanan. will talk about it. Nobody comes to the at least 10 or 12 times in the last 2 He is raising trade issues. Perhaps he is Senate floor and talks about trade very years talking about international raising them in some ways I would not. much.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1401 These red lines represent America’s have balanced trade. We ought to have and we could beat most any economy trade deficit. These red lines represent aggressive and robust trade between in international trade with one hand the choking of enterprise in this coun- our countries. I would never suggest tied behind our back. try and represent the movement of jobs that we put walls around our borders or That is not true anymore. Today we elsewhere. that we would in any way decide that face shrewd, tough international eco- This is the second straight year of we will not compete. But, I am sick nomic competitors. We ought to face records in trade deficits. It was not too and tired of people suggesting that them in fair competition. I do not mind long ago when we would have trade those of us who are concerned about that. We can win that competition. deficits of $5 or $10 billion in a year. At our trade deficit are somehow protec- But, we cannot win competition with that time back in the 1970’s we had tionists who are not interested in the Japan when their markets are closed to Members of Congress, including some well-being of our country or who want our goods. We cannot win in competi- chairmen of committees, talking about to put a wall around our country. tion with China when they do not see emergency legislation to impose tariffs That is not the case at all. What I and understand that when they ship all on this and that and the other thing. want is to stop having our producers their goods to us, they have a recip- Now our trade deficit is burgeoning and have their arms tied behind their backs rocal responsibility to buy their major nobody seems to care at all. when they are competing in other supply of wheat from us. It does not Well, the simple fact is that these red countries. make any sense to me, when I look at lines mean American jobs and Amer- Let me talk just for a moment about these trade relationships. ican factories are moving outside our what these trade deficits mean. The Somehow, I think the construction of country. They are moving from Amer- common denominator is that every $1 our trade policy is for large corpora- ica to other countries. billion in exports means 20,000 new jobs tions who no longer say the Pledge of There are a lot of reasons for this. in America. You can also compute that Allegiance, and do not sing the na- Some of them are probably our fault to the displacement of exports by im- tional anthem. By American law they but most of the trade deficits that we ports coming in. What does it mean are artificial people. They can sue and experience are not. If you would look when goods are manufactured else- be sued. They can contract and be con- at this chart which shows the countries where and are no longer manufactured tracted with. And, God bless them, with which we have the largest trade here? they have created a lot of wonderful deficits. Our merchandise trade deficit this things in our country. First, there is Japan. We have nearly year means a loss of 3.5 million jobs in Today many of them see their role a $60 billion trade deficit with Japan. this country. Most of these are manu- other than as an American corpora- This has been going on year after year facturing jobs, and most of these man- tion. They, with others, are now eco- after year. I am going to come to the ufacturing jobs are the better paying nomic international conglomerates in- floor and make a special presentation jobs in this country. Just the increase terested in profits. What they decided just on our trade deficit with Japan. in the trade deficit from 1994 to 1995 is to do is to construct a new economic Some say, ‘‘Well, we have to be more a loss of 166,000 jobs. That is just the model. That model says, let us produce competitive.’’ Competitive how? How increase. our goods where we pay 14 cents an can you compete if you cannot get into Now, we can see a lot of press reports hour to a 14-year-old worker, 14 hours a a market? It is unforgivable for us to and a lot of newspapers talk about how day, and ship them to Fargo or Tulsa not do something to bring this trade many jobs exports create. But, have or Cheyenne and have an American imbalance down. We ought to have bal- you seen a press report that talks customer buy them. anced trade to Japan. We ought not about losing 166,000 jobs just because of That may sound good because in the have a $60 billion deficit. the increase in the trade deficit this short term, it might give the cus- With China we have a $34 billion year versus last? I do not think so. You tomers a good deal. But what it really trade deficit. And, it is ratcheting up do not see many reports about this means in the short, intermediate and year after year after year. Our country problem. long term is that jobs that were pro- is a virtual cash cow for Chinese hard Yet, this is a problem that relates to ducing in this country are now in Indo- currency needs. Because of these trade every family in this country. These nesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, deficits, it means jobs are leaving families sit around their dinner tables Bangladesh and China, and all around America and being displaced by im- and ask themselves whether life is bet- the world. ports from Japan and China. ter or is it tougher. And what they say The American consumer also plays a With Canada we have an $18 billion in 60 percent of the American families role in this. All of us have people come trade deficit. With Mexico it is $15 bil- these days is that they are working up to us who are wearing shirts made lion. That is a combined trade deficit harder. If you adjust for inflation they in China, shoes made in Italy, shorts of over $30 billion with our neighbors make less money than they made 20 made in Mexico, driving cars made in with whom we have an agreement years ago, and they have less job secu- Japan and watching television sets called the North American Free-Trade rity. made in Taiwan, and ask us, ‘‘When are Agreement [NAFTA]. And that trade is The anxiety in this country is not you going to do something about these moving in the wrong direction, too. It misplaced. People know. People know jobs in America? Why are so many jobs has been spiking way up. why they are anxious. They are anx- leaving our country?’’ Well the answer In fact 2 years ago we had a $1 billion ious because they see jobs leaving and is because we have circumstances of trade surplus with Mexico. Now it is a they see their opportunities here to be trade that allow our market to be wide $15 billion trade deficit with Mexico. less secure. The jobs they have had for open to virtually anyone in the world Can anyone reasonably stand and say 20 years with the same company are who wants to produce under any set of that this makes sense? First, we pass less secure. They know that they work circumstances. NAFTA. Then, we go from a trade sur- harder. Their families have not kept We fought for 75 years on the ques- plus of $1 billion to a trade deficit of pace with inflation and they are actu- tion of what is a living wage and what $15 billion. ally making less money. Is there any is a fair wage. What about safety in the Then there is Germany with which doubt about the reason that workers in workplace? What about child labor we have a $15 billion trade deficit. this country are angry? laws? Some corporations have decided You can see what is happening with What do we do about that? Well, we can eclipse all of those meddlesome these trade deficits. I intend to come to what we do is decide that this country issues with one hop. We can avoid all the floor of the Senate and talk about cannot do what it did 30 years ago the questions of hiring 12-year-olds by each of these countries. We need to dis- when our trade policy was foreign pol- producing in some country that allows cuss our trade situation with Japan, icy. I grew up in a very small town. it. We can avoid all the problems of not with China, and the combined deficit Every day when I went to school. I being able to pollute the air and water with Canada and Mexico. We need to walked to school and understood just in the United States by going to discuss what causes it, and what we viscerally that America was the big- produce in a country where you can can do to deal with it. We ought to gest, the best, the strongest, the most, pollute the air and the water.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 We can resolve all the questions of deficit is a serious national problem about a very important issue. There what is a living wage by deciding not that erodes the economic strength of are a number of things we need to con- to pay a living wage in some other this country. Let us get together and sider. One of them, of course, is what country where the political leadership decide to do something about it. we continue to do to make business does not care. You can hire 14-year-olds Let us organize a worldwide con- more and more expensive in this coun- and you can pay them 14 cents an hour. ference to decide it is time for a new try making it more and more difficult That is not, under any standard, fair Bretton Woods Conference and talk for us to compete. trade, and it should not be allowed. about the new financial markets and f The production from those cir- the new trade relationships that will cumstances of trade ought never come take us into the next century. Let us AGENDA FOR THE NEW YEAR into this country. They should compete be frank. We cannot afford what has Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I want with American men and women, work- happened in the last 50 years. to talk more specifically about this ing day after day in factories in this Let me show you the final two coming year, and, frankly, some about country, who expect to compete but ex- charts. This chart shows that foreign the past year, this coming year in pect the competition to be fair. imports now take over one-half of the terms of the agenda that is set for this My intention in the coming weeks is manufacturing gross domestic product country, the agenda that is set for this to make a series of presentations about in this country. That is a very serious Congress, more specifically for the where we are in international trade problem. If you do not have a strong Senate, the agenda that is set for the and what we ought to be doing about manufacturing base, you will not long American people and the things that it. have a strong economy in a country need to be a priority for us as we move First on the agenda that we ought to like ours. forward in this important, important have is to hold NAFTA accountable to Second, let me show you this chart. year. its promises. You cannot pass a trade If anyone doubts the problem, let me Last year, we talked about a number agreement that had bountiful promises show you a chart that shows the 50 of things. We talked about a number of of massive new jobs only to discover years post Second World War. issues, largely as a result of, I think, that we have lost a massive amount of In the first 25 years, as I said, we what the voters had said to us in 1994. jobs in our country—and then say, oh, could compete with one hand tied be- They said the Federal Government is that did not matter. It does matter. hind our back. Our trade policy was too large, it costs too much, and we are Let us make sure these trade agree- foreign policy. Everybody knew it, ev- overregulated. Obviously, that is a sim- ments are made accountable. If they erybody understood it, and everybody plistic analysis, but I think it is true. are not, let us change them. accepted it. In the last 25 years our I just spent 2 weeks in my State of Wy- Second, let us at least stop sub- competitors have been tough, shrewd, oming, as you have, Mr. President, and sidizing plants that close in this coun- and often they have beaten us to the I think that message continues to reso- try and move overseas. We had one punch. nate. vote on that last year. I offered an Yes we still have a trade policy that We are talking about doing things amendment. It was voted down. I tell is first a foreign policy. It is one that that are important for American fami- you it does not require much thinking too often is a giveaway of American lies. We are talking about doing things to understand that if you do not stop jobs to other countries. And you see that will help bring up the wages and the bleeding, you cannot save the pa- what has happened. While we have a the level of living of Americans, which tient. trade deficit, the other countries have has slowed. We are talking about bal- No country ever ought to have a cir- a surplus. ancing the budget, because balancing cumstance in which their tax code This chart simply shows that Japan, the budget is the moral and fiscal thing says, ‘‘We’ll give you a good deal. If Germany, and other countries in the to do, it is the responsible thing to do, you stay here, you’ll pay taxes, but if last 25 years have a surplus and the but it also has results. It lowers inter- you close your plant, fire your work- United States has a deficit. est rates. It helps create jobs, so it has How do American workers feel about ers, and move your jobs overseas, guess an impact on each of us. this? They had enormous wage gains in what, we’ll give you a tax break, we’ll We are talking about reducing spend- the first 25 years, post Second World give you a big, juicy tax break; $300 ing. Certainly, most everyone would War. In the last 25 years they have suf- million, $400 million a year we’ll give agree that this Government has ex- fered wage losses. And it is because of you to do that. Close your American panded far beyond what we ever this. This is something we can address plant and move it overseas.’’ thought it would. We celebrated Abra- and fix. ham Lincoln’s birthday over the last If we cannot shut that insidious pro- I, Mr. President, appreciate your in- several weeks. One of the things that vision in our Tax Code down, there is dulgence and the indulgence of my col- President Lincoln said is that the Fed- something wrong with us. I am going leagues. I intend to come to the floor eral Government ought to do for the to give everybody in this Chamber a in the coming weeks with four addi- people those things they cannot better chance to vote on this a dozen more tional presentations, the deficit with do for themselves in their own commu- times until we get it passed. I hope we Japan, China, Canada, Mexico, and nities, and that is still true. We need to can do it on a bipartisan basis. Germany. I will discuss what it is, Let us enforce existing trade agree- evaluate what we do and see if we have what we can do about it, and what does ments. Let us stop the dumping of gotten away from that concept. this country have a responsibility to do products into this country that, by We need to talk about regulatory re- to address these issues? their cost, drive American producers Mr. President, I appreciate the indul- form. The Senator from North Dakota out of business. gence of the Chair, and I yield the was talking about the difficulty of It is sad that we do not stand up for floor. competing in the world. Part of that is this country’s economic interests. That The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- because we have made doing business has been true of Republican adminis- ator’s time has expired. so very expensive. It is not that we trations and Democratic administra- The Senator from Wyoming. want to do away with regulatory pro- tions. It has been true for 20 to 30 Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I would tection—we can do that—but we can do years. like to speak in morning business. it much more efficiently and do it in Let us stand up for this country’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- less costly ways. economic interest to say that fair ator from Wyoming is advised we are in We need to talk about welfare re- trade must be enforced. Let us enforce a period of morning business until form, partly because of the costs, part- trade rules. noon. The Senator shall have 5 minutes ly because all of us want to help people Let us develop a national trade def- to speak. who need help, but we want to help icit focus. Yes, let us worry about the Mr. THOMAS. Thank you, Mr. Presi- them help themselves and do it in the budget deficit and let us together solve dent. most efficient way that we can. that problem. But also let us together Mr. President, I was interested in our So, Mr. President, I guess what I am in the coming months decide the trade colleague’s remarks. Certainly he talks saying is that those concepts still

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1403 exist, and we need to continue to push ernment to establish an environment people to support a tax base that will to do that. We have not been able to in which the private sector can func- enable a public education system that bring to closure some of these things tion. That should be our priority for prepares our kids for the future is an that we have tried to do over the past this year. absolute necessity for this community year, largely because most of them Mr. President, I yield the floor and and for our Nation. If we cannot do it have been vetoed by the White House. suggest the absence of a quorum. in the District, where can you? Many of them have been opposed by The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. President, we have a limited our friends on the other side of the ASHCROFT). The clerk will call the roll. amount of time for debate and I do not aisle. The assistant legislative clerk pro- intend to restate the arguments that Balancing the budget: We came with- ceeded to call the roll. were made on Tuesday. But it is impor- in one vote of getting a constitutional Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask tant to restate that this scholarship amendment to ensure that the budget unanimous consent that the order for program, limited, in both time and would be balanced. We need to continue the quorum call be rescinded. scope, is not the occasion for a na- to do that. I think that is a critical The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tional debate on the question of private item for our future, for our kids and for objection, it is so ordered. school vouchers. We have an appropria- our grandkids. f tions bill that should have been en- We have made some progress in re- acted months ago. We resolved most of DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPRO- ducing spending, but we need to tie the issues, some of which were con- PRIATIONS ACT, 1996—CON- that in to the future so that through troversial and the subject of intense FERENCE REPORT the changing of entitlements that will discussion, including the other edu- continue. If we do not do it, it will be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cation reform initiatives, in relatively right back up. Chair lays before the Senate the con- short order. But we had great difficulty Regulatory reform passed this Sen- ference report to accompany H.R. 2546, finding common ground on a scholar- ate. We have not been able to get it the D.C. appropriations bill. ship program, which had to be a part of past the White House. The clerk will report. this conference agreement with respect So the results, Mr. President, have The legislative clerk read as follows: to the interests of the House. been that we have had slower growth. The committee of conference on the dis- Mr. President, I hope that Senators Unfortunately, we hear these reports in agreeing votes of the two Houses on the will consider the financial plight of the the State of the Union that this is the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. District government and the edu- best economy in 30 years. Sorry, but 2546) making appropriations for the govern- cational future of D.C. kids when they when you examine it, it is not very ment of the District of Columbia and other cast their vote today and not the fears good. We had 1.9 percent growth last activities chargeable in whole or in part of a few who are invested in the status year. In the last quarter, we had a .9 against the revenues of said District for the percent growth. fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, and for quo. I ask Senators to vote for cloture If I had charts like the Senator from other purposes, having met, after full and and allow the city to get on with its North Dakota, I could show you the free conference, have agreed to recommend important rebuilding work. and do recommend to their respective House earlier years, in the eighties and prior Mr. President, I will briefly mention this report, signed by a majority of the con- again two other issues. We have gone to that, growth was more commonly in ferees. the neighborhood of 3.5 to 4 percent. over the abortion issue many times, The Senate resumed consideration of That reflects in the ability of families and about what was reached as a com- the conference report. to earn a living, a living with which promise between what the Bush and Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, once they can support their families. Clinton administrations did. I talked again we are here debating the District Mr. President, I hope that we can es- to you yesterday and, hopefully, re- tablish a priority, an agenda for this of Columbia appropriations bill for the moved from your mind any concerns year, and I hope that we can spend our current fiscal year, which is now fully about Davis-Bacon problems. If there time on that; that we can move for- 5 months old. The city began the year are concerns under the interpretation, ward. strapped for cash and it has not re- we are ready to take care of that before I am not discouraged by the fact that ceived $254 million of Federal funds this goes into law. we did not come to closure last year. that will be available once this bill is So I urge Senators, please, review On the contrary, I am encouraged with enacted. what was said yesterday and please the fact that we are now talking about The kids in the public schools are pass this conference report by allowing a balanced budget. Two years ago, we still faced with a community and sys- us to have cloture. were talking about a budget that had a tem that has not made them a priority. Mr. President, I yield the floor and $200 billion deficit, as far out as you The Committee on Public Education, reserve the remainder of my time. could see. We have not talked about known as COPE, is a group of local Mr. KOHL addressed the Chair. regulatory reform before. We are now civic and business leaders who have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- talking about that. spent nearly 6 years studying the D.C. ator from Wisconsin is recognized. So we have changed the discussion in public schools. In its report a year ago Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, just 2 days this body, and I think we need to pur- is stated that too many remain too in- ago, on Tuesday of this week, the Sen- sue that. I think we need to do it for vested in the status quo. COPE also ate failed to invoke cloture on the con- economic growth. We need to do it so found that the District has not really ference report H.R. 2546, the District of that people in this country and wage tried reform. Columbia appropriations bill. The vote earners can enjoy the same kind of The kids in many District public was 54 to 44. For the benefit of Mem- prosperity that we have had in years schools continue to attempt to prepare bers who may have turned their atten- past. We do that, I think, by some tax for life in the next century in school tion to other matters, let me inform relief, capital gains tax relief that en- buildings that were built in the first the Senate that we are about to repeat courages investment and encourages half of this century, and are in deplor- Tuesday’s vote. However, and unless the economy to grow. We need to do it able physical condition. Many schools Chairman JEFFORDS otherwise indi- by regulatory relief so that businesses lack the infrastructure to accommo- cates, I am unaware of any develop- will have more money to pay. There date the same technology that the ments affecting the issues that led the will be more jobs and more competi- neighborhood grocery store employs. Senate to reject the first cloture mo- tion, which causes wages to go up. We If we do not begin the process of edu- tion. My position therefore remains the need to have a balanced budget so we cational reform and fiscal recovery by same, and I urge Members to vote are not only fiscally responsible but so passing this conference agreement we against the motion to invoke cloture. we can bring and keep interest rates can never hope to achieve the goals we, Although I am urging Members to op- down so there will be encouragement the Congress, set for ourselves last pose the motion at hand, I do so with for investment. year. A financially fit and economi- great reluctance. As Chairman JEF- After all, the real role of economics cally stable Nation’s Capital that is FORDS and I have already indicated, the in this country is for the Federal Gov- able to attract businesses, jobs, and District is in dire financial straits. The

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Chairman of the Control Board, the As a nation, for education it will re- use it, they do not get the money. That Mayor, and other officials agree that quire public investment of funds, and it is a fine choice. That is a fine choice to the city will run out of cash if the bal- will be compulsory. We are asked to ac- give the people in the District of Co- ance of the Federal payment—some cept this particular amendment be- lumbia. We do not here know what is $212 million—is not released within the cause we are told that it will be an ex- best. The people in the District of Co- next several weeks. We need to act, not periment, but it is not an experiment, lumbia have rejected it and 16 other to debate. With respect to the voucher Mr. President, because what you are States have rejected this, but we, in program set forth in the conference re- doing is rigging the system at the very our almighty knowledge, are saying port, the Senate has spoken. We need outset. What you are not giving is the you will have to take it, people in the to respect the decision of this body and choice and decision for the independent District of Columbia, or otherwise we move forward to develop a legislation student to make a judgment to go to a will not provide these resources. that will allow the city to pay its bills private school. What you are basically It is an unwise education policy. It and operate in an orderly fashion. doing is taking scarce resources from will not demonstrate any different Mr. President, the Senators who the local community and transferring kind of factors in terms of schools. It is voted against cloture on the conference them to the school. The school makes so interesting that those who make the report are not satisfied with the status the judgment as to which young person argument talk about what is happening quo in the D.C. public school system. it is going to select. It is not the indi- in the schools. Give the children an op- In my opinion, it is a national disgrace vidual, it is the school that makes that portunity to escape from crime and vi- that children in our Nation’s Capital judgment. It is not choice for the indi- olence. At the same time we are reduc- do not have access to schools that pre- vidual or the individual parents, it is ing the support for drug-free schools by pare them to succeed in an increas- choice for the school. 50 percent. Give those children a ingly competitive global economy. I What are we going to learn from chance to learn. And at the same time believe that all of us agree that Dis- this? If the school system accepts 2 we are reducing our commitment to trict schools need to change, and that percent of the 80,000 students in the give those children the advancements they will be changed. The conference District and are able to educate them, in the title I programs and math and report includes a broad array of re- are we supposed to assume that be- science and other literacy programs. forms that received bipartisan support. cause they can, in effect, skim, they do What is happening, Mr. President, is These reforms address many of the not have to meet other responsibilities a choice. Now, are we going to abandon shortcomings in the District’s schools or requirements in accepting students the children of the District of Colum- and I urge my fellow conferees to work that may have some language difficul- bia? I say we should not. By doing so, with congressional leadership to find a ties, or may be homeless, or have other we will vote ‘‘no’’ in terms of the clo- way to enact them. kinds of difficulties? Are we going to ture vote. Mr. President, I know other Senators say, well, it is a great experiment? Well I yield 4 minutes to the Senator from would like to address the Senate so I this has been rejected by 16 different South Carolina. will yield the balance of my time to States. The only city that has tried Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I Senator KENNEDY. Thank you and I that has been Milwaukee, and any fair thank the distinguished Senator from yield the floor. evaluation would show that it is not Wisconsin and the Senator from Massa- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I yield successful. chusetts. The truth of the matter is myself 5 minutes. We do not reject innovative, creative that this is really a dirty trick on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ways at the local community to en- schoolchildren of the District. Mr. ator from Massachusetts is recognized. hance the achievements of education, President, 51 schools are in the District Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, first and we have included and supported of Columbia, and only 8 of the 51 qual- of all, I thank the Senator from Wis- many of those proposals in the Goals ify for this so-called $3,000 scholarship. consin and also the Senator from 2000 legislation and other proposals. Mr. President, seven of the eight are Vermont for understanding that if we Basically, those people who are sup- religious schools. The $3,000 scholar- did not have these three inappropriate porting this system said, ‘‘Let’s have a ship is not going to get them into sort of riders that have been placed on competition.’’ What happens in the schools. They will get them into the the conference report, this legislation United States when you have a com- courts. It is a dirty trick. It is throw- would go through in a moment by a petition, you have winners and you ing a 50-yard line to the child 100 yards voice vote. But it has been the judg- have losers. What happens on the stock offshore and telling them to swim for ment of the House of Representatives market, you have those that make it. to add three different measures—one money and those that close their doors. Most of all, the very crowd that is dealing with Davis-Bacon, in order to That should not be the test for edu- sponsoring this nonsense—here I call it depress the wages of workers in the cation in America. We are not saying nonsense. We are not living up to the District; second, in restricting even you will have winners and losers. We needs of public education. The fact is, private funds that could be used to help are saying that those children who in order to get this, this year, this Con- and assist a woman if she makes a have those needs ought to be educated gress would be going into the $5 million judgment and determination for abor- in our society, and that reaches the a year program, cut $3 billion from tion; third, the issue on the vouchers in fundamental objection to this proposal. public education. It is unheard of to an appropriations bill that reduces the Effectively, we are saying, OK, the 2 try to start a private program. And the total funding, cuts back $11 million, percent will be winners, they will be very crowd that sponsors this nonsense but provides $5 million for vouchers. able to go ahead in terms of a private is a group that comes around here and Now, Mr. President, just at the out- school system, and we are basically beseeches us about balancing the budg- set of this discussion, we have to un- abandoning all the other children with et and constitutional amendments to derstand that there are certain issues scarce resources. balance it and everything else of that where there is a public response and a Mr. President, I think it is very clear kind. We are without money, running a recognized public obligation. We have what the will of the people in the Dis- $286 billion deficit last year, 1995. We recognized that with regard to national trict of Columbia is. It has been so in- do not have the money for this, and we security. We have recognized that with teresting during the course of this de- are going to start a multibillion-dollar regard to electricity, for example. And bate and other debates. We hear the spending program? we have recognized that with regard to statements that Washington does not I said that was my suspicion earlier the Postal Service. Nobody would say know best. We have here an issue that this week. Now I find it to be the fact, we ought to have just the market of was rejected 8 to 1 by the District of looking at the ‘‘Education Daily,’’ and electricity and postal. Why? Because Columbia and is being jammed down the plan of Representative STEVE we know that the houses at the end of the throats of the people of the District GUNDERSON, Republican of Wisconsin, the street would not receive it, or of Columbia. They do not want it. The saying the national program authorizes those houses at the end of the street very way it is constructed in this con- the spending of up to $1 billion a year would not receive their mail. ference report says that, if they do not for vouchers. The $5 million program

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1405 over the 5 years, in a few days’ time, radical savings in 1997, 98 and 99 are inte- on the vote the other day, one saying, has already gotten to $5 billion. Sup- grally related to this Federal payment in ‘‘This is much bigger than D.C.’’ 1996. pose the program works? Where is the The District is significantly cash short. We The big point here is the District of money? Where is that crowd that is are in a desperate situation. If we do not ob- Columbia and its future. I think maybe going to come up now and start talking tain our $247 million in Federal payment now there is something bigger involved in about balancing the budgets? we will run out of cash by the end of March. the voucher program, but it is just a Yes, we have to cut spending; yes, in We have urgent needs for these delayed this Senator’s opinion, we have to in- funds. Although the Federal payment is less question of whether we are going to crease taxes in order to pay for what than 20% of the General Fund, it is a critical feel obliged to defend the status quo we get—not cut taxes. More than any- resource. Our cash flow depends on the $660 and the American public education sys- thing else, we should not start off on million in Federal payment that we should tem, which we know is not working for fanciful programs not the responsi- have received on October 1, 1996. Unlike the a lot of our children, or whether we Federal Government, we cannot borrow right will experiment, a very, very small bility beyond the constitutional func- away. tion of this Congress that will cost bil- Public safety is our top priority yet the de- amount of money compared to the bil- lions more. Do not have this group say- layed Federal payment is hampering our lions spent on public education, to test ing they want to balance budgets and crime fighting capabilities. We have business what is going to happen to the kids, in the same breath start $5 billion pro- vendors that are going out of business be- poor kids, whose parents decide they grams for private endeavor. cause of our delayed payments to them. are trapped by their income in schools Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I Businesses are laying off employees, closing their doors and vowing never to do business that are not educating them, schools in yield 5 minutes to the Senator from in the District again. School books and which they are terrorized very often, Connecticut. building repairs are not possible due to lack tragically, the ones who want to learn, Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I of funds. Trash pickups suffer because equip- by young hoodlums, stating it specifi- thank the Chair, and I thank my friend ment is old and cannot be repaired. We are cally. This program would allow them and colleague from Vermont. Here we 31⁄2 months behind in our Medicaid payments. to break out of that. Let us see what are again. Here we go again. I do not Our situation is desperate. We need this effect it would have on those kids, and know whether we will change any money immediately. In addition, it is incredible that we have let us see what effect it would have on minds, but I do think this is an impor- the public schools in the District. tant issue to debate and an important begun the budget process for Fiscal Year 1997 without having Fiscal Year 1996 resolved. We My mind is open. I have been a sup- vote. are just beginning our local Council hearings I am disappointed by the extent of on the FY 97 budget yet we have no FY 96 porter of this voucher or scholarship opposition to this bill that is des- budget. This situation makes accurate budg- program, but if these cuts occur and perately needed by the District of Co- et determination impossible. they occur more broadly than con- lumbia apparently primarily because of I know that many Senators rightfully have templated in the bill Senator COATS the portion that would establish a serious problems with the voucher programs and I introduced, and somehow we find scholarship fund for poor children. I do established in the appropriations bill. So do they cripple the public school system, I. I have disdain for vouchers and have op- not get it. we will step back and decide maybe it I ask unanimous consent to have posed them at every turn in the District. This Appropriations Bill is not a vouchers was not a good idea, was not worth it. printed in the RECORD a letter from bill: it does not authorize the District to ini- I doubt that will happen. I think Mayor Marion Barry dated February tiate vouchers, it only gives local officials what is going to happen is we are going 23, 1996. the option to do so if they chose. As much as There being no objection, the mate- I dislike the voucher issue, I cannot go an- to create some opportunity for kids to rial was ordered to be printed in the other week without our full Federal pay- break out of the cycle of poverty and RECORD, as follows: ment. Real human suffering is at stake. maybe we are all going to learn a little I urge you to vote for cloture. It is crucial bit, including the public schools, about THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, that the District of Columbia be fully fund- Washington, DC., February 23, 1996. how to better educate our children. ed, as it should have been months ago. Sen- There are tens of thousands of heroes Hon. JOSEPH LIEBERMAN, ate Democrats need to allow the District’s U.S. Senate, appropriations Conference Report to be con- working in our public school system. Washington, DC. sidered so that the District can finally re- That is the heart of our hopes for the DEAR SENATOR LIEBERMAN: As a member of ceive its fiscal 1996 appropriations. You have future of our children, the public the Democratic Party, supporter of the Dis- been supportive of the District in the past school system. But it is just not work- trict, and a champion of progressive and and I thank you for your support. Today I ing for a lot of our kids. democratic principles, policies, and ideals, I ask for your support again. I urge you to re- want to appeal to you to assist the District lease this budget and allow us to get on with I really appeal to my friends in the on our FY 1996 Budget. The Senate is sched- the business of radically transforming the teachers organizations: Do not be de- uled to vote on cloture for the District of Co- D.C. Government and providing our residents fensive about this. You are strong. The lumbia Appropriations bill, HR 2546, on Tues- with the services they deserve. If you have public education system gets so much day, February 27th. I urge you, in the strong- any questions, please call me at 727–6263. est terms, to support cloture and conclude of public investment. I so actively sup- Sincerely, this long delayed District business. port all the efforts to reform our public Two hundred forty-seven million dollars MARION BARRY, JR., schools. This is not an either/or. If you Mayor. ($247) of the District’s Federal payment, the are for the scholarship bill, it does not Mr. LIEBERMAN. In this letter, compensation that attempts to make up for mean you are against public education. the significant Congressional limitations on Mayor Barry literally pleads for us, for local revenue sources and governing author- the sake of fiscal continuity of the Dis- The fact is, what we have to focus on ity, are still unavailable because the appro- trict of Columbia, that we pass this here is the kids. What is best for our priations bill, almost 5 months after the bill. In it he says: children? Is there only one established start of the fiscal year, has still not been fi- way to educate them and brighten nally approved. The needs of hundreds of I know that many Senators rightfully have thousands of District residents are being serious problems with the voucher programs their future, or can we try another one, held hostage to this delay. established in the appropriations bill. So do without doing damage to that? I.... This appropriations bill is not a Fiscally speaking, we can wait no longer I am not hopeful about the outcome for our Federal payment. We have just com- vouchers bill . . . it only gives local officials pleted our 1995 audit showing that we have the option to do so [which is to say initiate of the vote, but I appeal to my col- significantly cut spending in 1995 by $281 mil- a voucher program] If they choose. leagues here. Listen to Mayor Barry’s lion and decreased payroll by over 3,000 em- Then he says, ‘‘As much as I dislike appeal to pass this bill and give this al- ployees. The FY 1996 budget emphatically the voucher issue, I cannot go another ternative and these 11,000 poor kids in shows that we have stopped the hem- week without our full Federal pay- the District a chance for a better edu- orrhaging of spending and reversed the tide. ment. Real human suffering is at cation and a better life. Last week, I released my transformation stake.’’ I thank the Chair. document and the FY 97 budget which shows What is stopping us? It is the voucher a decrease of 10,000 employees by year 2000 program. We all know this is con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who and a radical transformation of the D.C. yields time? Government. However, this transformation troversial. I notice in the paper that and FY 97 budget is predicated on the FY 96 some of my friends from the National Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, how budget and the full Federal payment. Our Education Association claimed victory much time is left?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 The PRESIDING OFFICER. There re- House provisions that were in the bill. conference committee it creates five mains on the time of the Senator from But that was before the conference re- new boards, five new boards, and Vermont, 5 minutes and 50 seconds. port. We are not dealing with the prob- defunds the elected school board of the The opposition time is 3 minutes and 17 lems that have been referred to by my District of Columbia. Am I correct? seconds. friend from Massachusetts. Mr. JEFFORDS. No, the Senator is Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I will Let me go through this. There is no not correct. This was not the intention proceed, then. jamming it down anybody’s throat. of the bill, and that will be rectified. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, if the That comment was made. The District But, because the District council re- Senator wants to make a final remark, council can refuse to spend a single duced the budget for the board’s staff out of courtesy he is entitled to it. I penny on tuition scholarships—not a and operations, after the conferees had would make just a brief response, but I penny. If they do, the money may be agreed to this provision, that is the intend to use the 3 or 4 minutes that lost if there is no agreement with the way it could be interpreted. We are remain. So, whatever is agreeable to scholarship corporation, but there does willing to reprogram some of money in the floor manager. not need to be a cent spent unless the this bill for purposes of the board. Mr. JEFFORDS. I would prefer—if city agrees to spend it. Mr. KENNEDY. But as it stands in the Senator would like to proceed at There is a corporation set up which, this bill, you have funded five new this point, I will allow him to do so. must agree with the city council. The boards and failed to fund the school The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- corporation will approve all applica- board, as I understand it? ator from Massachusetts. tions for scholarships. In other words, Mr. JEFFORDS. On Tuesday the Sen- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, just a it is not a helter-skelter, ‘‘Here is a ator from Wisconsin and I had a col- final few facts. It has been the Repub- tuition payment and you can go any- loquy to clarify the status of the board. lican Congress that cut back $29 mil- where you want.’’ It has to be approved Yes, there are other new boards that lion last year from funding, public sup- by the scholarship corporation, which are created for the purposes of edu- port for schools and schoolchildren in must also be reviewed by the District cational reform. That is correct. the District. They are cutting back $15 council. May I inquire how much time I have? million this year and giving the $5 mil- Under the conference agreement, not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lion as a bonus prize that if the school the House version, schools enrolling ator has a minute and 53 seconds re- districts are going to use the voucher scholarship students must conform to maining. Your opponents have 21 sec- system, they can get it. If they do not, all of the constitutional protections. onds remaining. they will not. It is legislative black- The disbursal of the funds must be bal- Mr. KENNEDY. I yield whatever time mail, using the worst form of legisla- anced economically. The disbursal of I have. tive blackmail by using the children of the funds must be balanced education- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I the District of Columbia as pawns. ally, so we do not get a disparate want to close here. I hope this is very There is not a person in this body amount of money being spent towards clear to my colleagues, and I will make who has not said they would vote for those who are better off, even among sure they know what we are voting this D.C. appropriations bill, if these those who are eligible for scholar- upon today. I hope you would con- three amendments were removed, by ships—it is all low income—just that centrate on what the actual situation voice vote. We can do it now. We can do they are the economically relatively is as to the tuition scholarships. There it this afternoon. well-situated. may be not a single penny spent unless Second, there are two sets of scholar- This concept has been rejected about the city council agrees to it. Keep that ships in the bill. All of the money can trying to jam vouchers down the in mind. It is all local control. The be spent on remedial scholarships, throat of the District of Columbia. It which everybody agrees to. The worst Mayor says it is fine with him because has been rejected by them 8-to-1 pre- problem the city has right now is we it is all local control. So I urge my col- viously. Why do we know better, we have 20,000 or 30,000 young people going leagues to support cloture. I yield the here? We could pass the D.C. appropria- through the system who are going to remainder of my time. tion this afternoon by voice vote in a either graduate functionally illiterate f matter of minutes. But, no. They say, or drop out. Those are the ones we are even though we have had the vote in CLOTURE MOTION focusing on in all of the educational re- the U.S. Senate and even though their The PRESIDING OFFICER. The form. The city council priority, I am Chair directs the clerk to read the mo- position has been rejected, we are still sure, and the pressure of the city, I am tion to invoke cloture. going to play the card of ‘‘we are on sure, will be to spend all of that money The legislative clerk read as follows: the side of the District of Columbia’s or almost all of it on the scholarships children, and those that will not per- which are for remedial use, after- CLOTURE MOTION mit this to go through are not.’’ school use, or other programs so these We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- Mr. President, the parents of the Dis- kids can be brought up to the status ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby trict of Columbia ought to know who where they can be functionally lit- has been standing by them, not just on move to bring to a close debate on the con- erate. ference report to accompany H.R. 2546, the this legislation but historically—his- Also, we must consider what may torically. We reject that. We believe D.C. Appropriations bill. happen, and I hope does not happen, on Bob Dole, James M. Jeffords, Trent Lott, the time for political blackmail is the House side. We have been told that Rick Santorum, Alfonse D’Amato, Dan over. Let us drop these three provi- if this loses here, this very scaled-down Coats, Mark Hatfield, Bill Frist, John sions, voice vote that, get the money proposal that we are voting on here, McCain, Larry Pressler, Kay Bailey and the resources in the District and not the one that has been described—if Hutchison, Olympia Snowe, Al Simp- fight for them to try to get some addi- this fails, if this modicum of tuition son, Conrad Burns, Spencer Abraham, tional resources to enhance edu- scholarship fails, then we may lose the Orrin G. Hatch. cational achievement and accomplish- whole educational package. That would The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ment for the children of the District of be a travesty; hopefully that will not question is, Is it the sense of the Sen- Columbia. be the case if we do fail here today. ate that debate shall be brought to a I retain the remainder of our time. Mr. KENNEDY. Will the Senator close? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yield on my time for just a very brief The yeas and nays have been ordered yields time? The Senator from question? under rule XXII. Vermont. Mr. JEFFORDS. I will suspend at The clerk will call the roll. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ap- this point for the Senator from Massa- The legislative clerk called the roll. preciate the comments of the Senator chusetts. Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, on this from Massachusetts. All those com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- vote I have a pair with the distin- ments and dire remarks he made would ator from Massachusetts. guished Senator from Kansas, Senator have been perfectly appropriate if we Mr. KENNEDY. Just on that ref- DOLE, who is necessarily occupied in had been talking about the original erence, as I understand it, under the campaigning in South Carolina, where

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1407 he should be. If he were present and As I have tried to let my colleagues another vote, that everyone will take a voting, he would vote ‘‘yea.’’ If I were know, we worked long and hard, 90 look at what the real issues are here. permitted to vote, I would vote ‘‘nay.’’ days, on reaching a compromise with So many of the statements that were Therefore, I withhold my vote. I thank the House. The House is very dug in on made would be true if this was a na- the Chair. this issue. We had to make incredibly tional proposal to deal with vouchers Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- difficult changes that they would agree or even if it was a D.C. proposal to ator from Kansas [Mr. DOLE], the Sen- to to bring us to a position where I have a mandated voucher program for ator from Indiana [Mr. LUGAR], and the thought we had a bill that could pass the city. But it is not that. Senator from Arizona [Mr. MCCAIN] are the Congress and win support in a high- So I urge my colleagues in this in- necessarily absent. ly Democratic city, a highly unionized terim time, if we cannot reach con- Mr. FORD. I announce that the Sen- city, with a very Democratic mayor. I sensus here, where will we ever do it? If ator from New Jersey [Mr. BRADLEY] thought that they would agree with the we do not do it with the House, which and the Senator from Hawaii [Mr. compromise that we reached. has come a long way, in my mind, in INOUYE] are necessarily absent. It seems difficult for me to perceive reaching consensus here—they had dug The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there or understand as to why this body their heels in—we run the risk of losing any other Senators in the Chamber would disagree with that compromise. all the educational reform that is in who desire to vote? If we cannot find a consensus on this the bill, all of which is incredibly nec- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 52, issue, what is going to happen when we essary for the District. We may even nays 42, as follows: get to the three major appropriations lose the ability to provide them with [Rollcall Vote No. 21 Leg.] bills that we still have not dealt with? the $254 million in additional Federal Are we somehow going to be able to YEAS—52 funds which they are entitled to under reach a consensus among the House this agreement. Abraham Frist Mack and this body and the White House? We Ashcroft Gorton McConnell So I urge my colleagues to take a Bennett Gramm Murkowski also have other issues with respect to close look before we vote again, when- Bond Grams Nickles welfare, Medicaid, and all the other ever that may be. Breaux Grassley Pressler issues that are in addition to the ap- Mr. President, I yield the floor. Brown Gregg Roth Burns Hatch propriations bills, which to me are so Mr. LOTT addressed the Chair. Santorum much more difficult. If we cannot reach The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Byrd Hatfield Shelby Campbell Helms Simpson a consensus on this bill, I do not know CAMPBELL). The Senator from Mis- Coats Hutchison Smith what the hope is for the future. sissippi [Mr. LOTT] is recognized. Cochran Inhofe Snowe I have been in the Congress now for Cohen Jeffords f Coverdell Johnston Stevens 22 years. During that length of time, I Craig Kassebaum Thomas have been on many committees under CLOTURE MOTION D’Amato Kempthorne Thompson many different circumstances with re- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I send a DeWine Kyl Thurmond Domenici Lieberman Warner spect to which party controls the com- cloture motion to the desk. Faircloth Lott mittees. Many, many difficult issues The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- have been faced during that period of ture motion having been presented NAYS—42 time, and just by virtue of the commit- under rule XXII, the Chair directs the Akaka Feinstein Mikulski clerk to read the motion. Baucus Ford Moseley-Braun tees I have been on, I have been in the Biden Glenn Moynihan center of those. The bill clerk read as follows: Bingaman Graham Murray I mentioned ‘‘in the center’’, for in- CLOTURE MOTION Boxer Harkin Nunn stance, because if one takes a look at We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- Bryan Heflin Pell ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Bumpers Hollings Pryor the recent ratings, I am the most lib- Chafee Kennedy Reid eral Republican Senator but I am more Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby Conrad Kerrey Robb conservative than many Democratic move to bring to a close debate on the con- Daschle Kerry Rockefeller Senators. So where does that put me? ference report to accompany H.R. 2546, the Dodd Kohl Sarbanes It puts me right in the middle. Over D.C. appropriations bill: Dorgan Lautenberg Simon Trent Lott, Jim Jeffords, Dan Coats, Exon Leahy Wellstone the course of time I have found myself Larry E. Craig, Paul D. Coverdell, Feingold Levin Wyden in that position and have been able to Conrad Burns, Pete V. Domenici, Jon PRESENT AND GIVING A LIVE PAIR, AS— assist in working out the compromises Kyl, John Ashcroft, Slade Gorton, 1 by my ability to see both sides of the Spencer Abraham, Craig Thomas, Mark Specter, against issue. O. Hatfield, C.S. Bond, P. Gramm, Don Nickles. NOT VOTING—5 In fact, Mr. President, I will remi- nisce for just a moment. I remember at Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I wish to Bradley Inouye McCain Dole Lugar a critical moment during the Reagan inform all Members that there will be a administration we were dealing with a vote on this cloture motion next Tues- The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this controversial bill, an employment day. No exact time has been agreed to vote the yeas are 52, the nays are 42. training bill. I was serving in the yet, but I expect it will fall sometime Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- House, and I got a call from one of the shortly after the vote, I believe at 2:15, sen and sworn not having voted in the Members of this body who said, ‘‘JIM, on the Cuba legislation on Tuesday. affirmative, the motion is not agreed we know how hard you worked on this But it will occur sometime Tuesday to. bill, but when we go to the White afternoon. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I House, would you tell them how bad it I yield the floor. move to reconsider the vote. is, because if you tell them how bad it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I move to is, I think they will accept it?’’ seeks recognition? lay that motion on the table. So I went down to the White House Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I suggest The motion to lay on the table was and I made a pitch by saying, ‘‘Oh, my the absence of a quorum. agreed to. God, it goes too far this way and goes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I too far that way.’’ I got a phone call clerk will call the roll. know some of my colleagues here wish back from that Senator commending The bill clerk proceeded to call the to make a few remarks. I hope that ev- me and offering me an Academy Award roll. eryone over the coming days, before we for my performance. And we reached a Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask face this issue again, whether it is on consensus. That is how far I would go. unanimous consent that the order for another vote to invoke cloture or Yes, I would have liked to have seen it the quorum call be rescinded. whether it is on another vote —I think different, but I was willing to make the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without it is wise for all of us to take a look at compromises that were important to objection, it is so ordered. what must be done if we are going to get that bill through. UNANIMOUS-CONSENT REQUEST reach a consensus on many issues in We have to learn how to do that here. Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask this body. I hope in the interim, before we take unanimous consent that the Senate

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1408 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 now turn to a resolution extending the That is their right. But, as the New tain whether there was criminal con- Special Committee To Investigate York Times wrote in a syndicated edi- duct. He uses a grand jury, secret pro- Whitewater Development Corporation. torial, ‘‘The committee, politics not- ceedings. We are not entitled to know, I ask for its consideration under the withstanding, has earned an indefinite nor do we know what facts are uncov- following agreement: 2 hours to be extension. A Democratic filibuster ered. That is a big difference. People equally divided in the usual form, and against it would be silly stonewalling.’’ have very particular roles, interests, that no amendments be in order, other That, Mr. President, is from an edi- and needs. Witnesses are protected. than one amendment to be offered by torial in yesterday’s New York Times. They are given absolute constitutional Senator DASCHLE, or his designee, lim- That is not a partisan spokesperson, guarantees. That is as it should be. ited to 1 hour equally divided. nor a partisan policy paper. I will come Most of the discovery of the informa- Further, I ask that following the de- back to this editorial again. I will ask tion and facts is done in camera, se- bate on the amendment and resolution, at this time that the full editorial be cretly. That is a far different role than the Senate proceed to vote on the printed in the RECORD. that of congressional investigatory amendment, and immediately fol- There being no objection, the article committees. Let us understand that. lowing that vote, that the resolution was ordered to be printed in the There are those who say, ‘‘Why, when be advanced to third reading and pas- RECORD, as follows: you have a special counsel, do you have sage to occur immediately without fur- [From the New York Times, Feb. 28, 1996] this committee?’’ It is because it is our ther action or debate. EXTEND THE WHITEWATER INQUIRY duty to ascertain what, if anything, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Senator Christopher Dodd of Connecticut, the White House or the administration objection? reluctantly agreeing to renewal of the Sen- may have done to impede an investiga- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ob- ate Whitewater Committee’s expiring man- tion, which may or may not have ject. date, suggests limiting the extension to five criminal implications. It very well may The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- weeks, ending April 3. Along with the minor- not. But it is our duty to gather those tion is heard. ity leader, Tom Daschle, and other leading Senate Democrats, Mr. Dodd told reporters facts. It is our duty to gather the facts Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, in as they relate to what, if anything, light of the objection, I make the same yesterday that they were prepared to fili- buster against any extension beyond early took place, whether proper or im- request for the legislation to be the April. proper. The facts may not have crimi- pending business on Friday, March 1, Their position is dictated by worry about nal implications as they relate to the at 10:30 a.m., under the same restraints the 1996 campaign, and it is understandable events that transpired in Little Rock, as the previous consent agreement. that Mr. Dodd, as chairman of the Demo- AR. The two investigations are dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there cratic National Committee, would hope that tinct. They are different. the public has an endless tolerance of White- objection? Indeed, this is not the first time in Mr. DASCHLE. I object. water evasions. Mr. Dodd has a point in not- the history of this country that we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- ing that this is a campaign year. It is impos- sible to separate this matter entirely from have had investigations by congres- tion is heard. partisan pressures. He wants to protect sional committees and, at the same f President and Mrs. Clinton from the embar- time, by an independent counsel, a spe- WHITEWATER rassment that the chairman of the White- cial prosecutor. Indeed, we have taken water Committee, Senator Alfonse D’Amato, precautions so as not to impede upon Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I am would be pleased to heap upon them. deeply concerned about the minority’s But Senator D’Amato, who by and large the work and make it more difficult for refusal to allow the Senate to consider has curbed his customary partisan manner, the independent counsel to conduct its the resolution that I just offered. This has a stronger point. The Senate’s duty can- work. And it is fair to say that much of resolution would provide additional not be canceled or truncated because of the the delay as it relates to the commit- campaign calendar. Any certain date for ter- tee’s work has not been created by par- funds for the Whitewater Special Com- minating the hearings would encourage even mittee. It would allow the Senate to tisan politics, by Democrats, by the more delay in producing subpoenaed docu- White House, or others acting in their fulfill its obligation to the American ments than the committee has endured since people to obtain the full facts about it started last July. The committee has been interests. Let us be fair about that. A Whitewater and related matters. forced to await such events as the criminal good deal of the delay has been occa- Make no mistake about it, this de- trial next week of James McDougal, a Clin- sioned, both for the previous com- bate is not about money, it is not ton business partner in the failed White- mittee that undertook this mission and about deadlines, it is about getting the water land venture. by this committee, due to our legiti- No arguments about politics on either side facts. That is our job. We are com- mate concerns about the work of the can outweigh the fact that the White House special counsel. mitted to getting all the facts about has yet to reveal the full facts about the Whitewater. It is now quite clear that land venture, the Clintons’ relationship to Indeed, we have agreed in the resolu- the minority is not. With its actions Mr. Douglas banking activities, Hillary tion that we would not grant immunity today, and over the past few days, the Rodham Clinton’s work as a lawyer on where the independent counsel ob- minority has sent the unmistakable Whitewater matters and the mysterious jected. Indeed, we have, painstakingly, message that it wants to prevent the movements of documents between the Rose gone out of our way, notwithstanding American people from learning the full Law Firm, various basements and closets our own constitutional responsibilities, and the Executive Mansion. The committee, facts about Whitewater. That is wrong. not to willy-nilly insist that we get our politics notwithstanding, has earned an in- way as it relates to subpoenaing of What is the minority concerned about? definite extension. A Democratic filibuster From the beginning, I have said that against it would be silly stonewalling. records, documents, and witnesses. On our committee must get the facts and a number of occasions, we have with- we must let the chips fall where they Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, let us held enforcement of subpoenas for doc- may. If the facts exonerate, then so be be clear. All of my colleagues have a uments because we were advised that it it. That is good. Again, let the chips right, Democrat or Republican, to uti- would have an impact on the criminal fall where they may. lize all the rules of the Senate as it re- trial, which will start this Monday in If the facts, on the other hand, reveal lates to sustaining their position. I cer- Little Rock, AR. The defendants in improper conduct by anyone, the tainly do not have a quarrel with that. this trial are the present Governor, American people have a right to know But I am concerned as it relates to Jim Guy Tucker, and Susan and Jim that as well. Our committee wants the what the underlying objective is. The McDougal, the business partners of the facts. The American people are entitled underlying objective is to prevent the Clintons. to the facts. committee from doing its work, from We agreed, Republicans and Demo- Two days ago, we attempted to move being the factfinders. That is our job. crats, to withhold enforcement of these to consideration of a resolution that That is a clearly different job from subpoenas. We have, I believe, made would have funded Whitewater. But the that of the independent counsel or spe- the sensible choice in not attempting minority invoked Senate rules to block cial prosecutor, clearly different. The to force key witnesses to come before floor consideration of that resolution. independent counsel’s job is to ascer- this body. When I say ‘‘this body,’’ I am

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1409 talking about the committee in its fifth amendment. At some point in our would be debating this issue on the fullest sense, which is representative of history, and I do not have the exact Senate floor without having completed the Congress of the United States, and date, the Congress decided that was not or essentially completed our work. I more particularly of the Senate of the how the Congress should conduct itself. did not anticipate, nor do I think the United States. When Congress is advised, by counsel, committee anticipated, that those Although there are key witnesses, I that a witness would, assert the privi- delays would take place; some delays believe it would be irresponsible to lege of taking the fifth amendment, it may have been occasionally deliberate; simply put aside the concerns of the no longer could bring the witness in some, perhaps negligent. independent counsel and call these wit- just to have a show. To do so would I am willing to accept the fact that nesses just so that they can give us in- simply appear to be a show where you there have been key documents, we formation. Some of these witnesses brought someone in, you asked him a wanted from very important people, have been defendants and have already question, he repeated to every question that were delayed for whatever reason. pled guilty to various crimes and their that he was asserting his rights not to In some situations because a person testimony may be necessary as it re- incriminate himself or herself. left and went from one office to an- lates to the criminal prosecution which That is the dilemma that we have other; in another, someone took one the special counsel, Mr. Starr, is now faced. Otherwise, I want to assure this position and thought the papers would undertaking in Little Rock. body it would have been the intent of be turned over; or one attorney We have always maintained that this Senator, and I believe of every thought another attorney had turned there may come a time when we may member of the committee, to bring over papers. I am willing to accept have to insist upon our prerogatives, Judge Hale forward and to find out that. But the fact of the matter is that we have certain constitutional obliga- what, if anything, he could share. What tions. Even though the independent those delays have occasioned the prob- information he had, what were the lems that we have. Suppose they were counsel has his obligations we never facts to assert. We were unable to do accidental, all of them. Accepting that, agreed that we would at all times forgo that. We have been unable to do that here is where we are: We have dozens of calling various witnesses. Indeed, it with maybe 11 or 12 various witnesses witnesses yet to be examined. It is not was the wish and the hope of this Sen- that are connected with the trial, because the committee has not been ator, and I think of the majority of the which will start this coming Monday. diligent. While there are those who can committee, both Democrats and Re- Those witnesses are key to our getting come and say, ‘‘You have only met 1 publicans, to have one of the key wit- the facts, the whole picture. day or 3 days,’’ that is a bit disingen- nesses, Judge David Hale testify. Judge Again, I am not in a position to offer uous when one understands the sched- Hale has apparently made statements, a judgment with respect to what they ules we have. One must take into con- most of them through other people, may or may not testify to. The infor- sideration the scheduling difficulties that indicate that he was asked, by the mation they give to us may be abso- the committee faces, first; there are then-Governor of the State to make a lutely exculpatory and clear away the witnesses that we have to accommo- loan of as much as $300,000 to Mrs. cobwebs. They may demonstrate clear- date for depositions and testimony; the McDougal. ly there was no wrongdoing. It may fact that there are at this time, key Now, Mr. President, let me be clear: not. But, by gosh, we have an obliga- witnesses that we have been asked not I do not know nor do I subscribe to the tion to get the facts. to examine—some because of physical truth or the falsity of that statement. Now, I am going to refer to the New problems, some because of attorneys’ I do not say it to be sensational. This York Times editorial of February 28. schedules. We should be candid about has been published. This has been pub- This is an editorial position that has this. Let us try to be forthright. I do lished. Both Democrats and Repub- been shared in whole or in part by just not think we do the process any good licans have been interested in bringing about every major newspaper. I am by attacking one another, applying po- Judge Hale before the committee. talking about the main editorial of the litical labels, indicating that the chair- Let me say I think we acted in a re- New York Times, not a letter to the man or anyone else is undertaking this sponsible way. We attempted to make, editor, not something written by a par- because of partisan politics. and did make contact with his attor- tisan on one side or the other. The New Of course, there are political over- ney. We were advised that his attorney York Times: tones to this. Everyone understands was engaged in a number of matters be- The Senate’s duty cannot be canceled or that. But, by gosh, we have a duty to fore the Supreme Court of the United truncated because of the campaign calendar. get the facts, and we should do it as ex- States, and indeed we ascertained that Any certain date for terminating the hear- peditiously as possible. he was; further Judge Hale’s attorney ings would encourage even more delay in Under ordinary circumstances I could not even consider these matters producing subpoenaed documents than the would think we could accomplish this committee has endured since it started last until he had disposed of his arguments. task, if we had access to all of the wit- While Judge Hale’s attorney did re- July. The committee has been forced to await such events as the criminal trial next nesses and all of the documents, within cently dispose of his last argument— week of James McDougal, a Clinton business a period of 10 weeks or 12 weeks. That sometime I believe in late January or partner in the failed Whitewater land ven- should be a reasonable period. But I early February—it was, unfortunately, ture. cannot say that. I am not going to be too close to the approaching trial to No arguments about politics on other side able, nor will the committee be able, to call Judge Hale before the committee. can outweigh the fact that the White House ascertain with certainty when we will I believe, and I was not able to share, has yet to reveal the full facts about the have completed our business. And let through counsel, what his definitive land venture, the Clintons’ relationship to me say this, with all honesty and can- Mr. McDougal’s banking activities, Hillary thinking was, that Mr. Hale was not didness, I know this is a tough debate made available. We were led to believe Rodham Clinton’s work as a lawyer on Whitewater matters and the mysterious and I know certain people will be com- that if we insisted and issued a sub- movements of documents between the Rose pelled to say certain things. I hope we poena, that not unlike several other Law Firm, various basements and closets will not engage in that kind of rhet- witnesses, Judge Hale’s attorney would and the Executive Mansion. The committee, oric. I have attempted to be moderate. indicate that his client would raise an politics notwithstanding, has earned an in- I have really attempted to frame this issue of privilege, asserting a privilege definite extension. A Democratic filibuster debate in a manner both sides can par- against self-incrimination. against it would be silly stonewalling. ticipate in reasonably. Once this privilege is asserted the Mr. President, again, as I have said I understand the concern of my col- Senate rules or the congressional rules to my friends and colleagues, any col- leagues when they say, let us not run are quite clear that you can no longer league, on any side of an issue, of any this investigation into September or even call the witness to testify. We re- party has a right to raise whatever October. That is not the intent of this call the days gone by when witnesses rules or procedural questions that they Senator. The intent is to get the facts, were called in and asked questions and deem appropriate. I respect everyone’s and I will work to do it in a thorough, they asserted, under oath, their right view on this. They have a right. It was coordinated, expeditious manner with not to incriminate oneself under the never my intent nor did I believe we my colleagues.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 But the trial of a key witness starts expeditiously, but only after we have we may have asked for information in Monday. It may go 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 either gathered all of the facts or made an overreaching way. And my col- weeks. I hope it will end sooner rather every reasonable and possible effort to leagues rightfully have said, ‘‘Wait a than later. have those facts. second.’’ And we have attempted to ac- The committee must have the oppor- Let me tell you the problem in agree- commodate their concerns. tunity to examine key witnesses and ing to a time limit. It is spelled out in There was only one instance when we documents—documents, at the very a book called, ‘‘Men Of Zeal.’’ This came to the floor of this Senate, where least, that we should have access to, book was coauthored by two of our dis- we could not reach an agreement, and and cannot have access to unless we tinguished colleagues, two of our most even in that case eventually we did. seek enforcement of the subpoena. Let distinguished colleagues, both of them And the information that we sought— me ask, should we have insisted that from Maine, the former Democratic let me go right to the heart of it, the documents from various witnesses be majority leader, Senator George notes of one of the White House em- produced, notwithstanding the concern Mitchell, and our own colleague, Sen- ployees, Mr. Kennedy—was found to be of the court—we had a right to do it, ator BILL COHEN. In ‘‘Men Of Zeal’’ appropriate. I ask anybody if they constitutionally. We could have or- they talk about ‘‘a candid inside story thought we got information we were dered enforcement of those subpoenas. of the Iran-Contra hearings.’’ I turn to not entitled to? Of course we were enti- But we decided together, Democrats one of the observations that was made, tled to that information. You cannot and Republicans, that it would not be as it fits the situation and the dilemma on one hand say we are being coopera- in the interest of this body to delay that we have here now, a bona fide di- tive, we will not raise the privilege that prosecution. If we enforced the lemma. Some can say, ‘‘Senator issue, executive privilege, and then on the other withhold. So we even in this subpoenas the defendants rightfully, D’AMATO, you are a proponent of Sen- case; but again the important thing is could ask,—and we were advised ator DOLE. You are on his campaign that we came to a definitive termi- through their attorneys, would ask—to team. Therefore, you have a reason and nation that avoided a test in the put that case off. the occasion, to make this go longer.’’ We withheld. I think that was the That is not true. courts. Those famous notes revealed a series of meetings. They revealed the prudent action. We could have insisted I do support Senator DOLE. By the on enforcing the subpoena. I do not way, it is a constitutional right of question of the Rose Law Firm and, of think we would have met the mandate every citizen to support whomever he course, even now is open to interpreta- under that resolution because the reso- chooses. And I hope, when we go in to tion as to a question of what they lution was quite clear. The leaders, do the business of the committee—we mean by a ‘‘vacuum’’ in the Rose files. Democrat and Republican, were con- understand that we have different po- Reasonable people might disagree on cerned that we not impede the inde- litical philosophies, that we can sup- that. I would find it hard to give one pendent counsel. port different candidates. I respect that interpretation. But that is honest dis- We had other questions, as it related right of all of my colleagues. But to agreement. to Iran-Contra, whether or not immu- simply say that because you are cam- One of the reasons that our col- leagues find that we are in this posi- nity should or should not be granted. paigning on behalf of one candidate, tion today is because we did not This committee never even crossed then, you cannot discharge your du- think—nor did I believe—that there that bridge. We could have asked the ties, I think is rather illogical. We would be these delays. It was my hope Senate to consider, or the committee would wipe out everybody. that we would wind these hearings up All of my friends on the Democratic to consider, granting immunity. I before we got into this session. It was side, I think with very few exceptions— think it would have been irresponsible. always my hope. When I say session I I can think of only one, whose remarks I think the committee would have de- am talking about and I should say sea- cided against it, particularly in light of may not have been interpreted as fully son; the political season that is upon the objection that would have come. supportive of the President of the us but still has not come upon us as it I am not going to characterize the United States—are fully supportive of relates to the general election. And suggestion that was put forth by my the President and the leader of their again, I hope that we can bring these Democratic colleagues as anything but party. Does that mean they should all, hearings and get the facts sooner rath- a sincere attempt to establish a time- therefore, be disqualified? That they er than later. I am not looking to run frame so that we could wind up the cannot make rational judgments? Or this thing. I say that to my friend and business of the committee. It was a that all of their judgments will be colleague, Senator DASCHLE, and other bona fide offer. I will accept that. But made just simply on a partisan basis? I colleagues. I have to tell you, then, and we say it hope that is not the case. But here is the problem that I have publicly, that I hope you will under- I do not think that it is right to then and I think we legitimately have. And stand why, notwithstanding the good apply that logic to a Member or Mem- it is not something that is new. It is intention or motivations, that my col- bers of the Republican side, to say you not novel. It did not just become vis- leagues’ offer was impossible to accept. cannot make judgments because you ited upon us. And our colleagues in Mr. JOHNSTON. Will the Senator support this candidate, you are in a their book, again, ‘‘Men of Zeal,’’ by yield? key position, and therefore you are not Senator COHEN and former majority Mr. D’AMATO. No. I would like to going to be able to be impartial and leader, Democratic majority leader, complete my statement. I certainly fair. Senator Mitchell, said finding the com- will yield for questions. And I assure I have attempted to discharge my du- mittee’s deadline—talking about the my colleague he will have an oppor- ties in a fair and even-handed way. I Iran-Contra, and the deadline that they tunity to make whatever observations have attempted to do that. I am not had fixed to the committee to finish its he wishes. going to tell you that I have not made work—‘‘provided a convenient strat- I cannot accept my colleagues offer mistakes. But certainly I hope that the agem for those who were determined simply because we would not even minority will acknowledge that we not to cooperate. Bureaucrats in some begin to have access to key documents have attempted to run this committee agencies appeared to be attempting to and key witnesses until after that in a fair manner; wherever possible, thwart the investigative process by de- trial. We may never get them and if we and in 90 percent of the cases, sub- livering documents at an extraor- do not get them, then we will have to poenas that have been issued in a bi- dinarily slow pace.’’ wind up, and we will. partisan manner; in terms of working This was their observation about It is the hope of this Senator, with- out problems—even when we have had what took place during these hearings out setting a specific time limit, that some of the most rancorous disagree- less than 10 years ago; during their we can conclude the business of this ments, we have eventually been able to problems. Listen to that. ‘‘Bureaucrats committee within 6 to 8 weeks after settle them. in some agencies appeared to be at- the conclusion of that trial—I say con- I am not going to be able to, nor will tempting to thwart the investigative clude the business of this committee in I attempt to, say who has been right process by delivering documents at an a way that makes sense—quickly and and who has been wrong. Sometimes extraordinarily slow pace.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1411 I mean as much as things change adequate investigation could be com- known as a shrinking violet. I have to they never change, when you set a pleted within 2 or 3 months and those tell you I think there is a point when deadline on these kinds of things, as who believed no time limitation was we should attempt to come together— our colleagues are calling for. ‘‘But, necessary.’’ we have between now and next Tues- perhaps most importantly, the deadline It goes on to conclude that, ‘‘We hope day—to see if we cannot work out some provided critical leverage for attorneys that in future cases such an artificial reasonable way to avoid some of the of witnesses in dealing with the com- restraint on this pursuit of facts will pitfalls that have been outlined in not be necessary.’’ mittee on whether their clients would ‘‘Men of Zeal’’ and those pitfalls that appear without immunity and when in That is what we have. We have an ar- tificial restraint in the pursuit of facts, we have already experienced. Again, if the process they might be called.’’ we set an arbitrary time limit, it in- I have to tell you that we have been not occasioned by meanspiritedness, vites the kind of thing that our col- experiencing that. That is not because not occasioned by benevolence, no one leagues, Senator COHEN, and former of the ill will of my Democratic col- fixed this date. As a matter of fact, we leagues. I do not say that is a cabal chose this date to attempt to avoid Democratic leader, Senator Mitchell, that has been hatched by the Demo- this debate. experienced. It will inevitably take Look. The Rules Committee did not cratic Party, or their stratagem. I just place. We have seen some of that al- have a quorum. Otherwise, we could say if you are an attorney representing ready. Again, I do not say it will be have brought this amendment to the your client and you are going to do through any malicious actions of one floor without asking for unanimous what you can to protect the client— party or the other. consent. I hope that next week at some and it may be that you are going to as- Again, if you are an attorney at- point—I think Tuesday—the Rules sert various privileges—It may be that Committee is scheduled again to take tempting to defend your client, you are you are going to do whatever you can this matter up so that we can come to going to avail yourself of everything to get past a particular time or dead- the floor without asking unanimous possible. You are not going to be con- line. That is a fact. consent. At that point, my colleagues cerned about the committee and its Let me go to one of the conclusions duty. again, and it is important to know that will have every right to raise their ob- these men—colleagues of ours, distin- jections to have extended debate; in- I would suggest, by the way—and I guished colleagues of ours, the former deed to undertake that which we have just leave you with this last thought— commonly known—and they are deter- Democratic leader writing this to share if we do not set a time line it will pro- mined not to have a vote—as a fili- with us their insight, candid inside vide occasion to those who may be at- buster. I think that would be wrong. story, of not only the events that tran- tempting to hold back to get past that But that is their right. I still hold out spired, in the attempt to leave us a date, to be more forthcoming because the hope that somehow, some way, men blueprint for what we should or should they are going to know that these mat- and women of good will can work out a not do and some of the problems at- ters, whatever they are, whatever the way in which the committee can pro- tendant—in their conclusions they say, testimony, whatever the documents ceed to do its work without the need are going to come out. Better to let the ‘‘Setting fixed deadlines for the com- for us tying up the floor for days cre- chips fall where they may now as op- pletion of congressional investigations ating a political event, one that is should be avoided.’’ highly charged, one that I suggest does posed to later. This is not Senator D’AMATO. They I suggest to you that we will prob- go on to say, ‘‘Such decisions are often not benefit either Republican or Demo- crat, one which I would just as soon ably have a good chance of winding dictated by political circumstances and avoid. I say that with all sincerity. I this up sooner rather than later. Can I the need to avoid the appearance of think I have some credibility with my partisanship.’’ give assurance, and I am willing to give I suggest to you that is one of the colleagues that if I give a commitment, assurance as to some specific time that reasons we originally set a time limit I keep the commitment. I want to work we will cut it off? If the facts lead us to because we wanted to avoid that. It is out this dilemma. move forward, or if we have the occa- I thank my colleagues for being pa- exactly on point, and it is the intent of sion to move forward, then I think we tient so I could give a speech that is will have to do that. Maybe we can this Senator—and it is still the intent not all written down with dates and of this Senator—to keep this out of the agree to a situation whereby after the times and who held back what and why trial—and I am putting this forth; I am partisanship. The Banking Committee, and when. We are here at this point. I thinking out loud; I suggest this to the which essentially serves as the main- say let us say that everybody had en- Democratic leader—after the trial, and stay of this Whitewater committee, has gaged in this with their best effort— acted in a bipartisan manner, I have to the White House witnesses, the people after a certain period of time, that the tell you, in 90 percent of our under- that have been called forth. We still do leaders will confer again and we may takings. not have the facts. Let us not ascribe it have to come back to the investiga- I ask my colleagues to think about to ill will. We have a duty to gather tion. You may at that time say it is that. It is not the intent of the chair- the facts. Let us see if we cannot do it unreasonable or we are going to a fili- man of that committee to bring us into in a way that makes sense, that fulfills buster or we are not going to do it. a situation that is not going to reflect the obligations of the committee with- But let us attempt to work our way well upon Republicans or Democrats— out the rancor, and without the par- out of this together as opposed to us the work of the committee, both the tisanship. insisting and my colleagues and friends Banking Committee and now as a Let me say this to you. This is not Whitewater committee. It is not my in- on the other side of the aisle taking one-sided. I do not say here that my their position of raising their rights tent. Indeed, it was with that intent in colleagues on the Democratic side have mind that we worked out a date for at- and going to a filibuster. Let us see if been the only ones to make unwar- we cannot find a solution to this prob- tempting to finish—listen to the words ranted attacks. There have been plenty which are prophetic. I wish my col- lem that will permit the committee to of attacks on both sides. There has do its work in the proper way, and to leagues, when we were attempting to been plenty of conjecture —plenty of find the facts. affix a time limit to this that would it. I think it is about time though, that have been cognizant of this warning be- at least we control our own actions; we I thank my colleagues and my friends cause that is what it is. ‘‘Setting fixed cannot control everybody out there in for affording me this opportunity. deadlines for investigations should be the universe. We cannot even control Mr. DASCHLE addressed the Chair. avoided.’’ And it goes on to say again some of those who support us on either The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. with great clarity, ‘‘But such decisions the Democratic or the Republican side. FRIST). The Democratic leader is recog- are often dictated by political cir- But at least we can control how we nized. cumstances, and the need to avoid the conduct ourselves, and how we move appearance of partisanship.’’ That is forward with what statements we Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, my how it is that we came to this situa- make. colleagues from the Banking Com- tion. ‘‘In this case, a compromise was I could fight it out just as tough as mittee, especially the ranking member struck between those who believed an anybody else. I do not think I am and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 the distinguished Senator from Con- that a fishing license or what? Is that I do not know whether anybody cares necticut, are far more qualified to ad- a witch hunt or what? about what that would buy, but it buys dress many of the points raised by the The committee authorized a sub- about 26 million school lunches. It chairman of the Banking Committee poena asking for all telephone calls would fund 400 cops on the street, and than am I. And let me say at the out- from the White House to area code 501, 15,000 computers in America’s class- set, I thank them for the remarkable the entire State of Arkansas, for a 7- rooms. I could go on and on, if you job that they have done over the month period. What is that? Is that a want to get a better picture of what $30 months in addressing this very difficult reasonable request? Above and beyond million buys. matter as ably as they have, day after the committee’s overbroad authoriza- And when you talk about hearings, it day, week after week. I will leave it to tion, the majority staff unilaterally is interesting; the American people them to raise many of our shared con- issued a subpoena for all White House want us to start looking into ways we cerns and respond to many of the spe- telephone calls from any White House can improve public education, ways we cific points that have been raised by telephone or communications device can improve the crime situation, ways the chairman. for a 7-month period to anywhere in that we can deal with good jobs and The chairman has spoken now for the country. good health care. Do you how many over 45 minutes. In spite of all of his So I hear the chairman talk about hearings we have held on crime? We assurances and in spite of all of the ex- how difficult it has been to get a re- have had 12 days in this entire 104th planation we have just heard, Mr. sponse from the White House, how Congress on crime. Do you know how much they have been dragging their President, this issue boils down to one many days we have spent on jobs in feet. My heavens, how could anyone which is very simple. This issue has this whole 104th Congress? We have comply with requests of that nature. I now become a political one. spent zero days. We have not found the am surprised that they have gotten The motivation is very clear. It is time to find 1 day to ask people to anything if the nature of the requests politics pure and simple. That is what come in to see if we can deal with the has been as broad as this. But the fact it is. We ought to recognize it as that. chronic problems we have in the econ- is that White House cooperation has We need to deal with it. We ought to omy in dealing with underemployed confront it. We ought to try to find been extensive. So that is point No. 1. Point No. 2 is that this committee and unemployed people. ways to contain it. But that is really has already been operating longer than What about health care? We have not what this issue is about. It is politics. any other we have experienced in the found the time to hold any hearings for And the chairman so ably stated before Senate in recent history. The White- health care either. Zero. Zero days on the Senate Rules Committee a year ago water committee has now run for 20 health care, zero days on jobs and the that the single biggest reason why it months, almost 2 full years. How does economy, 3 days on public education. So I do not know, Mr. President, it was so imperative that we finish by the that compare to ABSCAM? Do you re- 29th of February—the 29th of Feb- member that one? That lasted 9 seems to me we ought to be relooking ruary—is that, and I quote, ‘‘We want months. What about the POW/MIA at what our priorities are in this Sen- to keep it out of the political arena, committee? I was on that one. The ef- ate. The fourth point I would make is and that is why we have decided to fort that we made on both sides of the this. The chairman has said time and come up with a 1-year request.’’ aisle to come up with information again that he has to wait for the end of That is our chairman. He was right about what happened in Vietnam, what the trials that are ongoing. The inde- then. And unfortunately, I am dis- happened to all of the POW’s and MIA’s appointed that he has changed his who are still missing, do you know how pendent counsel begins next week. But mind now. There has never in the his- long we spent on that? The Congress we also know that on October 2 the tory, to our knowledge, of the Senate spent 17 months investigating that, chairman advised Kenneth Starr that been a request of this kind—never. It is and came up with a 1,000-plus page re- the special committee did not intend unprecedented. No one has ever said we port. Watergate only lasted 16 months. to call the trial defendants and could want a fishing license to allow us to go The Iran-Contra hearing mentioned by not delay the committee’s proceedings for whatever length of time it takes. the chairman, that only lasted 10 to accommodate the independent coun- Such proposal has never been made be- months. sel. fore. And never have we found our- So, Mr. President, I must say 20 There has not been any change in the selves in a situation like this in a Pres- months and counting with a request for factual circumstances, Mr. President, idential year. an indefinite time period from here on to explain this—I will not call it a flip- Is it coincidental that given all the out to keep going regardless seems ex- flop—but this change of heart on the problems we see now in the Republican treme. Our majority leader had it part of the chairman. In any event, re- Party that they conveniently need an- right. Our majority leader in talking gardless of why he has changed his other 6 or 7 months to take this into about this issue—and you talk about mind in that short period between Oc- the Republican and Democratic Con- men of zeal; he could write a chapter tober 2 and now, February 29, the legal ventions? Is that what it is all about? himself—this is what the majority proceedings relating to those trials This is unprecedented, and it is wrong. leader had to say. He said, ‘‘If we get could go on for years. We have seen it I daresay there are a lot of Members on bogged down in finger pointing, in tear- happen in Iran-Contra. We have seen it the other side of the aisle who know it ing down the President and the admin- happen in a whole range of other cases. is wrong. istration, we are not just going to be We have no guarantee it is going to be Mr. President, it is not just the up to the challenges ahead but all of finished this year. I think there is a length of time and the amount of us, all Americans will be the losers.’’ chance that none of us may be in the money that we have already expended That was the majority leader, BOB Senate when all that work gets done. that concerns me; it is the nature of DOLE, as he was talking about the Iran- Who knows how long this is going to this whole investigation. Were it not Contra inquiry. They made a prudent last. And whether convicted or acquit- for the able leadership given on so decision to come to some closure here. ted, the defendants retain their fifth many occasions by the ranking mem- They took 10 months to do their work. amendment protections against self-in- ber and so many of our colleagues on The third point I would say is equally crimination. So no one should be mis- the Banking Committee, I do not know as important. I do not know how much led, the end of the first phase of those what this committee would have done. longer we can continue to ask the tax- court proceedings are by no means—no But to make an initial request that payers to fund this fishing expedition. means—an indication that they will over an 18-month period any commu- We have already spent over $1.3 mil- then be prepared to come before the nication of any kind relating to any lion. The independent counsel has Banking Committee. subject by the President, the First spent $26 million and counting. We do So, Mr. President, the American peo- Lady, any present or former White not know how much the House has ple know what this is all about. They House employee or any employee of the spent. But it is our estimation that we know it is a political fishing expedi- RTC and dozen and dozens of other have already spent over $30 million in- tion. Poll after poll has shown what we named individuals be turned over, is vestigating this matter—$30 million. already know in this Chamber. The

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1413 D’Amato hearings are politically driv- quiry, to be very candid about it, and 1988 could only help keep Republicans en. By a large margin, the poll just not take it into an election year with on the defensive during the election completed yesterday, 66 to 22, the the appearance and the aspect that it year. D’Amato hearings are seen as politi- is an election-year political effort.’’ Chairman INOUYE, who chaired the cally driven. The public opposes grant- I say to the leader, was it not the un- Senate committee, and Chairman HAM- ing—— derstanding at the time that we wished ILTON, who chaired the House com- Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, per- to keep it out of the political season, a mittee, recommended rejecting the op- sonal privilege. I do not think the mi- view expressed by both Republicans portunity to prolong and thereby ex- nority leader—may I make a point of and Democrats? ploit President Reagan’s difficulties. In order? When we address Members and Mr. DASCHLE. If the Senator will other words, they were not willing to begin to address Members by their allow me to respond, Mr. President, the turn it into a political gain, which is names, when we begin to bring this answer is absolutely yes. We decided what is now happening here. They de- business of calling them ‘‘D’Amato last year that this had extraordinary termined that 10 months would provide hearings,’’ I think that the minority political sensitivity. We understood enough time to uncover any wrong- leader is out of line. I make that point. last year that this would be a Presi- doing. Now, if the minority leader wants to dential election year, and that before Let me say to the leader, in order to attempt to get into personalization, we got mired in all the Presidential meet that standard, the Iran-Contra then take it off the floor. Then you politics, before we ended up trying to committee, in the period between July might be absolutely within your rights resolve this in the midst of Republican 7 and August 6, held 21 days of hear- as a citizen, but not on the Senate and Democratic conventions, that it ings. It met Monday through Friday, floor. was critical that we came to closure. over a 5-week period, with only 3 open Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, the That was critical, that we allow the days during that period. There were 21 hearings chaired by the distinguished independent counsel to do its work. hearings—this is Iran-Contra—in order Senator from New York, Senator That is why Senator D’AMATO said it so to complete its work, keep it out of the D’AMATO, are hearings that the public well: ‘‘We want to keep it out of the po- 1988 election year, and not turn it into fully appreciates and fully under- litical arena. That is why we feel the a political charade. stands. The hearings chaired by the need for a 1-year request.’’ We urged the chairman of the com- distinguished Senator from New York, So the Senator from Maryland is ab- mittee earlier. In fact, the distin- Senator D’AMATO, are political. By 71– solutely right. It was our intention guished leader, I believe, wrote to the 23 percent, the American people say it back then, it is our intention now. Let majority leader in the middle of Janu- is time to let the independent counsel us keep it out of the political arena. ary urging that the committee inten- complete its work. Mr. SARBANES. This issue that we sify its work in order to complete it by We have laid out in as clear a way as are facing now has been prompted, has the February 29 date; is that not cor- we can our sincere desire to come to it not, by the request by the chairman rect? some resolution to this issue. In the of the committee, the distinguished Mr. DASCHLE. The Senator is abso- last several days we have made a good- Senator from New York, Senator lutely right. Based upon conversations, faith effort to say, let us resolve it. We D’AMATO, for an additional $600,000 to discussions we had with members of do not want to politicize it, we do not carry on the inquiry for an unlimited the committee, it became apparent we want it to drag on forever, as some on period of time? were not maximizing the opportunities the other side would have us do. We The distinguished minority leader that were already there. We went days, have proposed that we finish the hear- put forward a proposition to allow the in some cases weeks, without any hear- ings by April 3 and complete our work committee to continue until the 3rd of ings in the committee, delaying, it by May 10. That is reasonable. It is way April with hearings and a little over a seemed to us, in a very concerted and beyond what any other committee has month thereafter to file the report intentional way the opportunities to done on any other set of circumstances with additional funding of $185,000, complete the work on time. involving investigations in the past. which would enable the committee to So without any doubt, there have We, too, hope we will not be com- go on to do the last set of hearings but been many, many opportunities for the pelled to prevent the committee from not involve us in an open-ended inquiry committee to continue to do the work completing their work next week. Let that could carry right through the en- that the chairman articulated in his us resolve this matter in a bipartisan tire political year. Is that not correct? remarks. We have run out of time not way, in a way that accommodates the Mr. DASCHLE. The Senator is cor- because we have run out of calendar, needs of the committee but also ac- rect. Our intent—I think the intent of but because we did not use the time ap- commodates the recognition that we every Member when they voted on the propriately. need to do our job on a whole range of authorization last year—was to maxi- Mr. SARBANES. I think the minor- other issues that must be addressed mize the opportunity that we get our ity leader is absolutely correct. this year. With that, I yield the floor. work done, to do all we could to resolve Let me draw this contrast. I want Mr. SARBANES. Would the Senator what outstanding questions there were, Members to focus on this. This is the yield for a question? and then to complete our work with hearing schedule in the Iran-Contra Mr. DASCHLE. I will be happy to the opportunity to write a report by hearings, an instance in which the yield to the Senator from Maryland. February 29. Democratically controlled Congress set Mr. SARBANES. I say to the distin- Mr. SARBANES. Chairman D’AMATO a date and undertook to meet it in guished minority leader, when this res- has quoted the Iran-Contra. I just want order to keep that inquiry out of—out olution was enacted under which the to turn to that for a moment, if the of—the Presidential election year. In special committee has been operated distinguished leader would indulge me. other words, we sought not to play pol- with the February 29 deadline, was it At that time Senator DOLE—and the itics with that issue, and in order to not the recognized intention at the distinguished leader quoted one of his complete in a 1-month period, we held time that this was in an effort to keep quotes—but Senator DOLE also said, ‘‘I 21 days of hearings in order to com- it out of the political season? am heartened by what I understand to plete that work. In fact, the chairman of the com- be the strong commitment of both the Contrast that with the Whitewater mittee, Senator D’AMATO, stated when chairman and the vice chairman to hearings over the last 2 months of the we were before the Rules Committee— avoid fishing expeditions and to keep committee’s existence—not the last 1 and I quote him—‘‘We wanted to keep the committee focused on the real month; the last 2 months. In January, it out of that political arena. That is issues.’’ He was working for a limited no hearings this week; no hearings ex- why we decided to come forth with just time period, originally just 3 months. cept 1 day; no hearings here except 2 the 1-year request.’’ In the end, a longer period was estab- days; no hearings here except 2 days; 2 And I, in appearing with him before lished. But it was pointed out at that days. Eight days of hearings over the the Rules Committee, stated, ‘‘I think time that it escaped no one’s attention entire month of January, 8 days only it is important to try to finish this in- that an investigation that spilled into during the entire month of January.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Actually 7 days. I misspoke; 7 days of I think the proposition put forward by that,’’ if he will recall making that hearings. the leader is right on target. statement. That would obviously make In February, did it get much better? Mr. DASCHLE. If I can just respond it political—the very thing that Sen- No, it did not. In the month of Feb- to a point made by the distinguished ator DOLE spoke about in 1987 when we ruary, 8 days of hearings. Seven days in ranking member, I direct attention, were considering the Iran-Contra, and January, 8 in February, for a total of 15 again, to the chart that the distin- the very thing that was spoken about over a 2-month period, as we are com- guished ranking member has displayed, here last year when we were consid- ing toward the deadline. Contrast that because I think it really—keep the one ering this committee, on both sides of with the Iran-Contra committee, which that is right here; that is the one that the aisle. Then at least there was a rec- held 21 days of hearings in a 1-month I think says a lot. ognition of the desirability of keeping period as it approached its deadline in Mr. SARBANES. I have both January it out of the political year, not politi- order to complete its work. and February. cizing the inquiry, and not leading to a In fact, this week there are no hear- Mr. DASCHLE. But the one in Feb- public perception that what was going ings at all. Last week, there was only ruary, I think, makes the point you on was a straight political exercise. one hearing. So instead of an inten- have been making very well. We have Now, the minority leader, in order to sification, which the leader requested heard the assertions by the chairman try to accommodate, I thought, made a and which we urged on the chairman of of the committee that, indeed, they very reasonable proposal. That is the the committee, we had just the con- need the extension of time to hold one that we offered in the committee trary—just the contrary. more hearings. And yet, if you look at and, unfortunately, it was rejected on a It was our articulated position in just February, no hearings were held straight partisan vote. A straight par- mid-January, and one I continue to on Mondays. No hearings in the entire tisan vote rejected the proposition for hold to in retrospect, that if we had month of February were held on Fri- a further extension until the 3d of followed an intense hearing schedule, days. No hearings in the entire last April, and some time beyond that, to as the Iran-Contra committee did, the week prior to the expiration of the res- do the report. And so the proposition work could have been completed. That olution were held at all. No hearings, now that moved out of our committee, did not happen. Then we get a request except for one, were held in the second and is pending in the Rules Committee, for $600,000, which would take this com- to the last week in February. is for an indefinite extension and mittee’s allocation up to $2 million, So it seems to me, Mr. President, $600,000 worth of additional money. and an indefinite time period for the that, indeed, this chart speaks for I say to the distinguished leader inquiry. itself and is the best response we can that, in my perception, he has offered a The minority leader, the distin- make to the consideration of addi- very reasonable proposition. My own guished Senator from South Dakota, tional time. strong view, obviously, is that it offered an alternative, which I thought If there was such a need, why did should have been accepted. I do not was eminently reasonable. The alter- they not meet on Mondays? Why did think that we ought to undertake an native of the minority leader provided they not feel the need to meet on Fri- indefinite extension. I think that is an that the hearing schedule would be ex- days? Why did they not hold any hear- unreasonable proposal on its face, and tended 5 weeks, until the 3rd of April, ings in the last week in February? Why that is the issue that is now joined, and the time for the filing of the report just one in the second to the last week? that we are now contending with here until the 10th of May. Mr. President, I thank the ranking on the floor of the Senate. But the con- This matter was taken up in the member for so clearly articulating trast between Iran-Contra and how committee and it was rejected, I regret what the circumstance has been during that was handled by a Democratic Con- to say, on a straight party-line vote of this critical last month of effort by the gress with a Republican administration 9 to 7; an eminently reasonable pro- committee itself. could not be sharper. posal. The proposition now that ad- Mr. SARBANES. Let me just make Mr. DODD. Will the minority leader vanced out of the Banking Committee the further point to the leader, in these yield? and went to the Rules Committee, the months of January and February, the Mr. DASCHLE. I will soon yield. I resolution that Chairman D’AMATO is Senate was not in session voting on the was just given a notice that would be referring to, is a proposal for $600,000 floor. We urged the chairman of the of interest, I think, to our colleagues. and an indefinite time period, which, of committee to have an intense hearing Congressman HENRY GONZALEZ just re- course, guarantees that this matter schedule, which would be made easier leased the February 25, 1996, supple- will be carried out right through the by the fact that it would not be inter- mental report to the Resolution Trust election year. rupted for votes, that we would be able Corporation, entitled ‘‘A Report on the The public confidence in this inquiry, to really begin early in the morning Representation of Madison Guaranty to the extent it has not yet been erod- and go late into the day. Savings and Loan by the Rose Law ed, will, in my judgment, be severely Many of these hearings that were Firm.’’ In releasing the document, Con- eroded by pushing this inquiry further held began at 10:30 or 11 o’clock and gressman GONZALEZ makes the fol- and further into the election year. ran until 1:30 or 2 o’clock in the after- lowing very brief statement: That was recognized when we passed noon. Not all of them; some extended The report completely supports the Clin- Resolution 120. through the day. But once again, the tons and shows that they have been wrongly I think there is a growing perception comparison between this hearing accused. The report shows clearly that the in the country that these hearings are schedule and what occurred in the last Clintons told the truth about Whitewater. As for Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, the being seen as being politically driven. month of Iran-Contra is absolutely dra- Clintons knew nothing about the shady ac- Of course, that undercuts the credi- matic. tivities of Madison’s owners. With regard to bility of the hearings. The public con- In spite of the fact that we did not the charges that Mrs. Clinton knew about trasts the attention and hearings here have intensified hearings, the minority wrongdoing in the Casa Grande development, compared with no hearings on Medi- leader said, ‘‘Well, we’ll provide some the report shows that these claims are false. care cuts, hardly any hearings on jobs, additional time.’’ That was the alter- Mr. President, I yield to Senator and so forth. The independent counsel native that was offered. DODD. is there to carry out inquiry, in any In other words, Chairman D’AMATO Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I was going event, and many obviously feel that he said, ‘‘Well, we want the $600,000, and to raise that question. I was wondering should be allowed to do his work. we want an unlimited time period to whether or not the minority leader is No congressional committee has ever carry on this inquiry,’’ right straight familiar that the report prepared by placed itself behind an independent through 1996, I assume, until the eve of Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro, at the counsel. We did not do that in Iran- the election. My distinguished col- cost, I point out, of nearly $4 million, Contra, and we should not do it here. league from Illinois commented in the using the services of former Republican I say to the leader that an intense committee one day. He said, ‘‘There U.S. attorney Jay Stephens. They hearing schedule could complete this will be no more hearings after Novem- reached the conclusion—to quote from matter. That is what ought to be done. ber 5.’’ He said, ‘‘I can guarantee you the report, that ‘‘there existed no basis

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1415 whatsoever. There is no evidence, how- tivities and extraordinary amount of happened, and are recommending that ever, that the Rose Law Firm had any- effort already put forth will go on for no additional action be taken. In spite thing to do with the sales. In essence who knows how long, requiring mil- of that, we are recommending addi- the evidence suggests that these trans- lions and millions of dollars more and tional time. actions were put together by Mr. months and months and months more. The Senator makes a very important McDougal and others at Madison.’’ It So we have on top of that a Senate point. In a poll taken just recently, the further concludes, ‘‘It provides no basis committee, which has now been in ex- American people said of all the issues for any sort of claim against the Rose istence for more than 20 months, which that they care the most about, public Law Firm and, hence, Mrs. Clinton.’’ is not asking for a week, 2 weeks, or 3 education by more that 2 to 1 is the I point that out and ask the leader weeks to complete its work. But they most important priority that they whether or not he is aware of this. But want an unlimited amount of time. hope the Senate and the Congress will the earlier report, which this latest re- They cannot tell us whether it is going devote its attention to; following close- port supplements, concludes on page 78 to be this year, next year, the year ly is the effort to control crime. of the report, ‘‘Therefore, pending the after, or how much longer they are Mr. President, 64 percent, almost as results of the criminal case, it is rec- going to want. many people, felt we ought to look at ommended that no further resources be So I say to the distinguished Senator the economy and good jobs. Here we expended on the Whitewater part of the from Connecticut, the recommenda- have the American people saying, if it investigation.’’ Was the minority lead- tions made by the Pillsbury report, I is up to them, they want to talk about er aware of that conclusion? think, are shared by the vast majority education, they want us to deal with it. Mr. DASCHLE. I respond to the dis- of the American people. It is time to They want to talk about crime control tinguished Senator of Connecticut that end this. We have to take those limited and want us to deal with it more effec- I was not aware, until today, that the tax dollars and put them to better use tively. They certainly want us to try to report had been completed and made here, in areas like education, the envi- find ways to build an economy that available, and that it had such a re- ronment, in hearings on how to find creates better jobs. sounding exoneration of the Clintons. I better jobs, in areas that this Senate Yet, on those issues, there have been am not sure all of our colleagues are ought to be directing its effort toward, no hearings on the economy and jobs aware who wrote the report and under not in more politicized Whitewater in- designated to examine ways with which what circumstances this investigation vestigations. to try to improve this situation. Of all was taking place. Mr. DODD addressed the Chair. Mr. DODD. It was done by a private The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mi- the days we have had, now more than law firm hired by the FDIC—not Con- nority leader has the floor. 400 days since the 104th Congress gress, or by Democrats or Repub- Mr. DASCHLE. I yield to Senator began, we can only find 3 days out of more than 400 to find time to hold a licans—that has expertise in this area. DODD. The law firm is Pillsbury, Madison and Mr. DODD. I say further to the mi- hearing on public education—3 days. Sutro, located, I think, on the west nority leader, I do not know if he was Mr. President, I think that speaks for coast, using the services, I point out, of aware of the amount of work. But here itself. We can do better than that. In a former Republican U.S. attorney, Jay are almost 300 pages of a report by the part, that is really what this is all Stephens. They spent $4 million, in ad- Pillsbury firm. It was the initial report about. Where do we put our attention? dition to the almost $26 million being in December, and then this is the sup- Do we really feel the need not for an- spent by the independent counsel, the plemental report of February that other month, not for another 2 months almost $2 million for the committee— comes in. There is in excess of 300 as we propose for the hearings and the and I do not know what the number is pages after a 2-year study, by the way. report, but for an unlimited period of in the House—totaling more than $30 This is 2 years of work, some $4 mil- time? Do we really feel the need to go million spent on this investigation. lion, as I pointed out earlier. I was not on and on and on with these hearings, Here is their report now that was added aware whether or not the minority given the record just in the last month because, after the billing documents leader knew exactly how extensive this of February, of this committee and the were discovered in December, they de- report was. work that it has done so far? cided they better wait and take a fur- Further, may I inquire of the minor- Mr. DODD. Further, I inquire of the ther look at this. These conclusions are ity leader, he pointed out earlier how minority leader—he made the point based on after examining those billing much time had been spent on matters earlier about other investigations that records that the people have talked so such as Medicare, Medicaid, education, have been done by Congress. I asked much about. Their conclusion is to health, and the environment. I inquire our staff to compile a list of the most stop it, do not spend another nickel on of the minority leader whether or not prominent of those hearings, Water- this, not another red cent. That is the he was aware that over the past 2 gate being the one that most people conclusion of an independent body years, in addition to almost 50 hear- probably recall the best, with the under the leadership of a former Re- ings, by the way, on the Whitewater Church committee, going back to 1975. publican U.S. attorney. Stop it. No matter, and I gather another 15 hear- Some Members may recall that com- more money on this. ings on Waco and Ruby Ridge, some 60 mittee’s work. Billy Carter and Now, I inquire of the minority leader. hearings, more than 60 hearings were Libya—we have probably forgotten That is not what we recommend. The conducted, juxtapose that with the about that, but that got a lot of atten- minority leader’s recommendation was hearings that were not held, frankly, in tion—ABSCAM; Iran-Contra; HUD; to allow another month of hearings, this 104th Congress on the issues that POW–MIA. and another month after that for a re- people do care about. I just inquire, in every single one, I port to be filed; is that not correct? The minority leader, was he aware of do not know if the minority leader was Mr. DASCHLE. The Senator is abso- the number of hearings? aware, but every single one of these lutely correct. Just to make sure ev- Mr. DASCHLE. First, I respond by hearings there was a termination date. eryone fully appreciates what it is we saying I was not aware that $2 million I do not know if the minority leader are suggesting, you have an extraor- had been spent on the Pillsbury inves- was aware of that. I ask unanimous dinary investigation being conducted, tigation—— consent, Mr. President, that this list be as the Senator has indicated, by an Mr. DODD. Mr. President, $4 million. printed in the RECORD for the purpose independent body, largely directed by a Mr. DASCHLE. Excuse me, $4 million of people looking at it. Republican, who is not known for his on the Pillsbury investigation. There being no objection, the mate- love or affection for the President or They have now completed their work. rial was ordered to be printed in the the First Lady, who have concluded, as As the Senator from Connecticut has RECORD, as follows: was just indicated, that there is no indicated, they have recommended that merit to continuing any further in this there be nothing else done. They have CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATIONS investigation. That is No. 1. Then you completed their work, they have come 1. Watergate: have an independent counsel whose ac- to a definitive understanding of what Authorizing resolution—February 7, 1973.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Initial reporting date—February 28, 1974.1 saying the answer is, yes, I was aware Mr. DASCHLE. I yield to the Senator Final report—June 27, 1974. of it. I think most people are aware from Maryland for a question. 2. Church Committee (Intelligence activi- this is an unprecedented request. Mr. SARBANES. Is the minority ties): Authorizing resolution—January 27, 1975. Never, at least in recent history here leader aware that one of the strongest Initial reporting date—September 1, 1975. in the Senate, has a committee ever advocates of placing a time limit in Final report—April 1976. asked for an unlimited amount of time order to ensure that the hearings 3. Billy Carter (and Libya): to continue an investigation. Never. would not drag into a political year Authorizing u.c. agreement—July 24, 1980. The list that has just been submitted was the then-minority leader, now ma- Date for interim or final report—October 4, for the RECORD demonstrates what has jority leader, Senator DOLE, at the 1980. happened through all the investiga- time of Iran-Contra? Report (designated interim, actually final)—October 2, 1980. tions that we have had in recent times. At that time, he said there was a 4. Abscam: We have submitted a date. Now, in conflict between some Democrats, both Authorizing resolution—March 25, 1982. some cases those dates have been ex- in the House and Senate, who wanted Reporting date—December 15, 1982. tended. In fact, I think that happened no time limitations placed on the com- Final report—December 15, 1982. with the Iran-Contra at one point. mittee and Republican Members who 5. Iran-Contra: Those dates had to be extended. wanted those hearings completed with- Authorizing resolution—January 6, 1987. However, in no case has any com- in 2 to 3 months, which was an abso- Initial reporting date—August 1, 1987, ex- mittee been given the authorization for tendable to October 30, 1987. lutely truncated period. Final report—November 17, 1987. an unlimited period of time to con- I want to point out that we joined in 6. Special Committee on Investigations, In- tinue to carry on whatever it is they a resolution last year in May that car- dian Affairs (Federal administration of min- were doing. This is unprecedented. This ried these hearings to February 29, so eral resources and other matters): is precedent setting and just one of the we made no effort then to have such a Authorizing resolution—April 12, 1989. myriad of reasons why we feel so truncated period that it would not be Initial reporting date—February 28, 1990. strongly about the impropriety of this possible to do the work. Final report—November 20, 1989. request. Senator DOLE then said he wanted to 7. HUD/MOD Rehab (Banking Committee): Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator Authorizing resolution—November 21, 1989. shorten the time period even more. He Reporting date—February 28, 1991. yield? says, ‘‘I do believe that shortening the Final report—November 1990. Mr. DASCHLE. I am happy to yield time period from October 30 to August 8. POW/MIA: to the Senator. 1 is a step in the right direction. If, in Authorizing resolution—August 2, 1991. Mr. SARBANES. One of the strong- fact, we do want to complete action on Committee to terminate—end of 102d Con- est—— this resolution at the earliest possible gress (January 2, 1993). Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, is that time, then the August date will be ex- Final report—January 13, 1993. for a question? 9. Leaks (Judiciary—Anita Hill; Ethics— Mr. SARBANES. Yes. tremely helpful.’’ Keating): Mr. D’AMATO. I just wanted to as- Then he went on to say, ‘‘I am heart- Authorizing resolution—October 24, 1991. certain if it was for a question or for ened by what I understand to be the Reporting date—not later than 120 days the purpose of yielding the floor. It is strong commitment of both the chair- after appointment of counsel. proper to yield for a question. I have man and vice chairman to avoid fishing Final report—May 13, 1992. expeditions, to keep the committee fo- 10. First phase of Whitewater: now watched this discussion and ob- Authorizing resolution—June 21, 1994. served this for a period of time, but I cused on the real issues.’’ Later in de- Reporting date—end of 103d Congress. do believe there is a manner by which bate he said, ‘‘There is still a national Report—January 3, 1995. Members can seek the floor. It should agenda that needs to be pursued. There Mr. DODD. Mr. President, every sin- not be by way of any Member yielding are a number of issues that must be ad- gle major investigation done by the to a Member unless it is a unanimous- dressed. The American people are con- U.S. Congress over the last 20 years consent request and reserving time. cerned about the Iran-Contra matter, that I can find in resolutions that had Certainly, the posing of a question is but they are also concerned about the to come before this body had termi- proper, and if it is yielding for a ques- budget, about the trade bill, about nation dates in them, primarily be- tion, I understand and will not object. health care, and a whole host of issues cause of the very reason the minority I ask my colleagues, in the interest that will have to be addressed in this leader has raised the issue today—they of comity, because the Senator from Chamber. The problems of the past, as become open ended, they become polit- New York would have engaged in the important as they are, are not as im- ical, it becomes a fishing expedition. same situation and I understand people portant as the tasks of the future.’’ That is why the wisdom of our col- want to make their points, but there Now, the Democratic-controlled Con- leagues historically has said, ‘‘Look, are others who would like to make gress recognized—it escaped no one’s we will let you run, but you do not run their points. I hope that if you yield it attention—that if the investigation indefinitely. You have to finish up your would be for a question and we can spilled into 1988, it would keep the Re- work. If you do not, we know what you work out some way in which my col- publicans on the defensive during an do.’’ They did not say ‘‘Republicans,’’ leagues can make their points without election year. And Chairman INOUYE of they did not say ‘‘Democrats.’’ They having to impinge on the rules. the Senate, Democratic chairman, and said, ‘‘All of you.’’ We will put a termi- Mr. DASCHLE. We could probably Chairman HAMILTON of the House, rec- nation date on here so you come back ask the clerk how much time has been ommended rejecting the opportunity to to the full body and report and get it allotted to this debate so far and who prolong the hearings. They determined over with. holds the majority of time so far con- that 10 months would be enough, and Otherwise, these things go on indefi- sumed. I know that the chairman had a they agreed to a termination date. nitely. With all respect to my col- good deal of time to express himself, Mr. DODD. Will my colleague yield league from New York, his proposal is and we did not object to that. We cer- to me, in response to a question, just just that—to go on indefinitely with tainly will not object to further com- on the point the Senator from Mary- another half million dollars. ments by the chairman or anybody land is making? I inquire of the minority leader else, but certainly in keeping some bal- Mr. DASCHLE. I will yield to the whether or not he was aware that, in ance, I certainly hope that he under- Senator from Connecticut. fact, there were termination require- stands the need for us to have an equal Mr. DODD. This is a very good point. ments in every single major hearing by opportunity to address many of the I ask the minority leader if he would this Congress? points he raised. not agree this is a tremendously impor- Mr. DASCHLE. I respond to the dis- I yield to the Senator from Maryland tant point. I want to point out to my tinguished Senator from Connecticut for a question. colleagues here and the minority lead- Mr. D’AMATO. May I inquire of the er that prior to that time, Mr. Poindexter and Mr. North had de- 1 Often reporting dates are in the form of, as in the clerk if they have kept time? Watergate resolution, ‘‘at the earliest practicable The PRESIDING OFFICER. The leted—this was public information— date, but no later than lllll.’’ Democratic leader has the floor. over 5,000 e-mails. Mr. North had a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1417 shredding party at the White House, as Yesterday I was sitting in a Finance an unheard of amount of evidence that reported by the United Press Inter- Committee hearing. We were listening they are trying to go over and over and national. Fawn Hall had changed sen- to the Governors’ reports on Medicare over. sitive documents on North’s orders, as and Medicaid. And, by the way, we Mr. President, also I noted in the reported, by the way, all prior to the were here almost at the first of March. Washington Post, finally—finally—the consideration of abbreviating the hear- For the information of Members of the newspapers and press are about to be- ings. I ask the minority leader—so we Senate, this was only the fourth meet- come aware of an issue that I think is have had none of this, by the way, ing this year, the fourth meeting this also critical to this story, and that is under this present investigation. year of the Senate Committee on Fi- the amount of legal fees, the amount of Here, with this information of shred- nance. legal fees that many of these witnesses ding documents, destroying e-mails, One of our colleagues on the com- are being forced to bear. Most of them trying to take documents by stuffing mittee, I say to my colleague from could not afford these fees. There were them in their cowboy boots and sneak- South Dakota, expressed disbelief that stories this morning in the Post about ing them out of the White House— we have not yet dealt with the welfare some of those individuals and some of knowing that, with full information, is package, that we have not dealt with the tremendous, burdensome, and very it not correct, I ask the minority lead- passing the welfare reform bill. And I high, tremendous legal fees that these er, that the point that the Senator happened to calculate, well, one reason individuals are being now asked to as- from Maryland is making is even more we are not dealing with legislation is sume personally—not paid for by the poignant, because even with that infor- pretty simple: The Senate is not func- Government, but personally. This will mation, the Democratically controlled tioning this year. bankrupt them into perpetuity. It will Congress said, give a finite period and As a matter of fact, in 1995, up until destroy their financial lives and their wrap up these hearings. Is that not this point, I say to my colleague from financial well being. And I hope, Mr. true? South Dakota, the distinguished leader Leader, that we will see a higher de- Mr. DASCHLE. Both Senators make of the Democrats, we have had 97 votes; gree of sensitivity to those concerns. a very important point. In the face of we have had 97 votes in this body. In Mr. DASCHLE. I think the Senator tremendous evidence of obstruction of 1996, by the same date, we have had from Arkansas makes a good point. justice, that Congress decided that only 21 votes in the U.S. Senate, in Mr. President, it is not my desire to there were more important consider- 1996. There is only one committee, for prevent others from seeking recogni- ations. all practical purposes, that has been tion. I know the Senator from Illinois There has been no finding of wrong- functioning, and that is the so-called has waited a long period of time to ask doing in this case. So the analogy that Whitewater committee. In 1996, with 15 a couple of questions. I will defer to others have used with regard to this hearings, 15 hearings thus far, 47 hear- him and yield to him for purposes of particular investigation is wrong. It is ings total—time consumed, resources asking the question, and then I will baseless. So I think the Senator from of the Federal Government. In fact, we yield the floor. Connecticut makes a very, very impor- have had almost as many hearings of Mr. SIMON. I thank the minority tant point. leader. I appreciate it. Mr. DODD. When the two Senators the Whitewater committee as we have On the point Senator PRYOR just from Maine made the case about ex- had votes in the Senate in the year made, that we have had 121 witnesses, tending the hearings, they were fully 1996. Senator SARBANES has described this as aware of this kind of information. Was I wonder if the distinguished minor- a fishing expedition. And you have, Mr. that not the basis for the point in the ity leader was aware of those facts? Mr. DASCHLE. I was not aware of Leader, said absolutely nothing has book they talk about? Mr. DASCHLE. That was exactly the them, but it goes to the point that we come up in terms of either illegal or basis and that was the whole point were making earlier, I say to the dis- unethical activities on the part of ei- made by the Senators in their book. tinguished Senator from Arkansas, ther the President or the First Lady. Mr. SARBANES. Furthermore, if the that there have been no hearings on Would it be fair to characterize this leader will yield, is it not the case that health care, there have been no hear- fishing expedition, that has cost the any charge relating to obstruction of ings on the economy and on jobs. There taxpayers huge amounts of money, justice will be handled by the inde- have been only 3 days of hearings on that is a fishing expedition going after pendent counsel? This committee is public education—3 days in all of this a whale but so far has not even pro- not going to bring such a charge, or in- time. duced a minnow? stigate any punishment. We do not So the point made by the distin- Mr. DASCHLE. That is an innovative have the authority to do that. That is guished Senator is an accurate one. characterization. I think the metaphor something the independent counsel The fact is, nothing is being done. it represents is an accurate one. There does. And is it not the case that when- There is no effort to address some of is not much evidence of any real catch ever our hearings end, the independent the major concerns that people have here. And that is really what the effort counsel will continue? He has an open- expressed over and over in poll after has been all about, to see if they can ended charter, and it is his responsi- poll. So I think the Senator makes a get a political catch. The political bility to look into this matter and to very valid point. catch has turned up empty. bring charges for any violation of the Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I wonder Mr. SIMON. The Senator from South criminal law. if my distinguished leader would also Dakota, and my colleague from Mary- Mr. DASCHLE. And the record will answer this question. I wonder if the land, for whom I have great respect, show, I would say to the distinguished distinguished leader was aware that al- have gone further, frankly, than I Senator from Maryland, that that is ready the Whitewater committee has would go in saying we will continue what happened in the Iran-Contra hear- deposed 202 persons—202 persons? this until April 3. Frankly, if I could ings. The investigation, I should say, Mr. DASCHLE. I was not aware. vote to cut it off tomorrow, I am going by the independent counsel, went on Mr. PRYOR. I do not know how that to vote to cut it off tomorrow, because and on for years following the com- would compare with Iran-Contra or I think it is getting nowhere. I think mittee. So I think the Senators have some of the other hearings we have the American people understand that. I made a very, very important point. had, but I tell you that is a lot of peo- like my colleague from New York. He Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, will the ple to depose. is fun to be with, and I read his book, Senator from Maryland—who has the Mr. President, 121 witnesses have ‘‘Power, Pasta, and Politics.’’ And it is floor, Mr. President? now testified before the Whitewater pure AL D’AMATO. It is fun to read. But Mr. DASCHLE. I retain the floor, and committee. The Whitewater committee I think we have to recognize the polit- I yield for a question to the Senator has subpoenaed all long-distance tele- ical purposes. from Arkansas. phone records, domestic telephone Why are we doing this? It is hard for Mr. PRYOR. I would like to inquire, records, calls by the White House, and me to come to any conclusion other Mr. President, of the very distin- they have examined 45,000 pages of than we are doing it for pure politics. guished Democratic leader. White House documents. I think this is Is not it true that there is an excessive

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 amount of cynicism out here in our so- do not know why I am here.’’ That was, way it is going I do not see why anyone ciety today? I think one of the reasons I guess, Mr. Jennings. would not want the hearings to con- for that excessive amount of cynicism Let me tell you why the committee tinue. In fact, to clear her name, I is that we play partisan games around had him appear. This is an example. We would have thought the First Lady here. I am not saying the Republicans had Mr. Jennings appear because he would have been down here saying, are the only ones guilty of that. We are came to Washington and had a meeting ‘‘Please go on with the hearings. I want guilty of it. PAUL SIMON has been with Mrs. Clinton, and David Kendall, this cloud removed from my law prac- guilty of it occasionally. I am sure her lawyer, just days after the RTC–IG tice, and what I have done in my life none of the rest of you have been report criticizing the Rose Law Firm prior to being in Washington.’’ guilty of that. But I think that is what was released. And he happened to rep- But what I would like to do very makes the public cynical. They see us resent Seth Ward who had significant quickly is compliment the chairman. playing political games instead of deal- transactions. We did not just drag He has done a great job, in fairness, as ing with the real problems. I think somebody in willy-nilly. The fact is he chairman of the special Whitewater what you are trying to do is to say let had total memory loss as it relates to committee. Just in a brief word, the us move on to the real problems. significant questions. We have not even former chairman, Don Riegle, did a Then one final point that ties in with gone into that. great job too. So we have had good, what Senator PRYOR had to say: Not I yield the floor. honest leadership in the Whitewater only are we hauling people in—121 wit- Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator committee from day one. nesses who have to hire lawyers and yield for an observation on that point? But just so many things come up their expenses—but we are terrifying Mr. FAIRCLOTH. I was going to that I want to respond to. The distin- people. This is not fair to people. We make an observation. guished and honorable Senator from are calling in secretaries and people Let me finish, and then I will yield. Arkansas, Senator PRYOR, said we have who have probably never even talked Mr. DODD. Just to respond to that not dealt with welfare. The House to a Senator. And all of a sudden they particular point which the Senator passed a great welfare bill. The Senate are on television—a nanny. We are call- had. passed a good one, and out of con- ing people in who know nothing. The Mr. D’AMATO. Our colleague has the ference came a good welfare bill that one witness ended up his statement floor, and it has been over 1 hour since would serve this country well. If I re- saying, ‘‘I do not know why I am here.’’ the other side had their right. member correctly, the President ve- I said to him—a lawyer by the name of Mr. FAIRCLOTH. I yield 30 seconds toed it. That was not dealing with wel- Jennings—I said, ‘‘Mr. Jennings, that to respond because I want to come fare. is two of us. I do not know why I am back to it myself. I think the first question here that here either.’’ Mr. DODD. I thank my colleague. needs answering is why are the Demo- I think we have to stop playing I think as to the point which has crats in the Senate and the White games. I think that is the thrust of been raised here regarding Mr. Jen- House so determined to end the inves- what the minority leader is trying to nings, a phone call to him, as far as tigation? If there is nothing there, then say. deposition, would have answered the why not continue, what harm would Mr. DASCHLE. I thank the distin- question. He had come up. He was come to the White House? guished Senator from Illinois for the asked because he practiced law in Ar- Do not tell me it is the cost of eloquent points which he has made. kansas with Mrs. Clinton, and the issue money. There has been a constant at- I read a comment just this morning was raised as to whether or not she was tempt to deceive and to weave a gos- that I think is so appropriate. It goes a competent lawyer. That is why they samer facade to cover this up. That is to the points raised by the Senator came together. He could have answered exactly what it has been from day one, from Illinois and the Senator from Ar- that question in about 15 minutes. In- and I have been to most of the hear- kansas. Somebody said in the paper stead he was brought before the entire ings. It has been a constant effort to this morning, ‘‘Welcome to the Federal committee for a whole day. He said she deceive, we weave, we cover it up, and Government. You need a telephone, a was competent. we get it out of here. tablet, and a lawyer.’’ ‘‘A telephone, a Mr. FAIRCLOTH. The Senator says Why not continue? As I say, it would tablet, and a lawyer.’’ And there are that we could have gotten an answer by appear to me that to remove this cloud some lawyers that have already gar- a phone call. We could not get it in a the President and First Lady they nered more than a half-million in fees full day of testimony. He could not re- would be down here asking the hear- to represent people of modest means member how many times he had been ings to be continued. I think their ac- before this committee and others. That to Washington. He could not remember tions have answered the question. is wrong. We should not subject people what he was here for. He had no earth- There is very much something to who want to dedicate themselves to ly idea, and told me he flew from Ar- Whitewater. Look at the people who public service to that degree of finan- kansas to Washington for 20 minutes to have been indicted, or are under inves- cial burden, to that degree of concern recall cases he had tried with the First tigation, and look at those who have and humiliation in some cases. Lady. He did not even know who paid resigned. The honorable minority lead- So I think the Senator from Illinois for the trip. But talking about some- er said we had not caught a minnow. has made a very important point. thing that could have been handled by But I doubt if some of the people that I know that there are others who the telephone, the meeting with the have been indicted, or who are under seek the floor. At this time, I yield the First Lady, that would have been it. indictment, like the Governor of Ar- floor. But, Mr. President, I have watched kansas, and are going to be tried, Mr. FAIRCLOTH addressed the just how we have gone on here, and, would classify themselves as minnows. Chair. No. 1, what we are trying to do here is They certainly would not like us to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- put a price on this investigation. What If there was nothing to this inves- ator from North Carolina. the Democratic side of the aisle, the tigation, why else would billing records Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, might other side of this aisle, is saying, is under subpoena for 2 years turn up in I ask my friend and colleague to yield that we should put a price on the integ- the White House in the reading room to me for 30 seconds without losing his rity of the White House, and it is cost- next to Mrs. Clinton’s private office? right to the floor? ing too much to establish whether Now, the honorable Senator from Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Yes. there is integrity in the White House Connecticut was referring to some past The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. or not, and that we should cut off, and investigation in which they carried THOMPSON). Without objection, it is let it go. We simply cannot afford to records out of the White House in their so ordered. establish the price of integrity of the cowboy boots. Well, to answer that, I Mr. D’AMATO. A question was just White House. say to Senator DODD, Maggie Williams raised. How deceptive things can be. But as to the length of a hearing, it did not need cowboy boots to get them Yes. A witness did say—and he was a is the length of a bullfight. It is whose from Vince Foster’s office to the Presi- lawyer, a very distinguished lawyer—‘‘I ox is being gored. And right now, the dent’s quarters. They got there. How

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1419 else could they have gotten there. This windfall profit of $750,000, and it has Mr. FAIRCLOTH. No, the Senator is the most secure room in the world. been reported that the Governor him- will not yield. And I go back to saying, if it is not the self lobbied the legislature to make Mr. SARBANES. Why don’t you bring most secure room in the world, it sure that the contract was awarded to him in for a hearing? ought to be. And anybody who knows Mr. Lasater. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Why don’t we do how to make it more secure ought to Dan Lasater gave a job to Roger Clin- what? tell the Secret Service people, because ton, Bill Clinton’s brother. He paid off Mr. SARBANES. Why don’t you bring where the President sleeps it should be. Roger Clinton’s drug debts. This is a him in for a hearing? Mr. President, how would the average true friend of the President. Dan Mr. FAIRCLOTH. The President? citizen fare if he were raided by the Lasater was eventually convicted of Mr. SARBANES. No, Lasater. FBI and a 10-pound bag of cocaine was trafficking in drugs. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. We are going to. sitting on his dining room table or in Mr. PRYOR addressed the Chair. Mr. SARBANES. Why don’t you do it. his reading room in his house and he Mr. FAIRCLOTH. I was corrected by You had all these days when you could said, ‘‘I don’t know how it got there. It Patsy Thomasson at the Whitewater have done it, and you did not do it. couldn’t have been me.’’ It is here. How hearing; he was convicted of ‘‘social Why don’t you bring him in? did it get here? What would they say? distribution’’ of cocaine. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. We are going to ‘‘Oh, well, that’s perfectly fine; you Mr. PRYOR addressed the Chair. bring him in. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. I suppose there is know, things like that happen all the Mr. SARBANES. Let’s have a hear- some gossamer difference there, but I time.’’ No. ing. Let’s test the allegations. am not aware of it. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. We had his lieuten- Well, these records showed up. They Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, will the are valuable, and have been under sub- ant here, and we are going to bring Dan Senator from North Carolina yield for Lasater in. And we are looking forward poena for 2 years, and we need an an- a question? to having him. swer to how they got there. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. No, I will not. I Mr. SARBANES. You had all the Take the notes from Mr. Gearan and have been waiting for some hour and a days when you could have done it, and Mr. Ickes, where have they been? Why half, and I will yield when I am fin- you did not do it. would they have been hidden for 2 ished. years? Because the meetings show pos- Mr. PRYOR. I was only going to ask Mr. FAIRCLOTH. We are going to do sible attempts to obstruct the Depart- what Lasater has to do with White- it in the future. ment of Justice investigation. Very water, which is absolutely nothing, and I comment to the Senator from simple. The notes on the meeting we the Senator from North Carolina Maryland, there are so many of them went over and over with Mr. Ickes, should know that. coming out of Arkansas, there were so they wanted to make sure the Arkan- Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Mr. Lasater has a many dipping out of that kettle until sas Securities Commissioner Beverly lot to do with Whitewater, and the we have not gotten to Lasater yet, but Schaffer and the White House were Senator from Arkansas should know he is on the way. synchronized in telling the same story that. Mr. Lasater was convicted of ‘‘so- But why do they want to stop the in- to the Federal investigators. cial distribution’’ of cocaine. He was vestigation now? I think only the Well, Mr. President, the truth does sent to prison. He was pardoned for his White House can answer the question. not have to be synchronized. If she is crime of drug trafficking by then-Gov- But I think it is a sad procedural tool telling the truth, it was the truth ernor Bill Clinton. Dan Lasater’s com- to be stopping the Senate investigation going in and it will be the truth com- pany received tens of millions of dol- at this point with the somewhat feeble ing out. lars of State bonding contracts from excuse that it has gone on too long and Why would the White House go to the Arkansas development and finance it is costing too much, simply because such length and use parliamentary ma- authority. This was an agency con- we are rapidly getting to the heart of neuvers to block consideration of the trolled by Governor Clinton. Patsy Whitewater. And as the Senator from resolution? We know they oppose it, Thomasson was Dan Lasater’s top as- Maryland just said, we are going to but they do not want it even debated. sistant for nearly 10 years. She had his bring in Dan Lasater, but there have Mr. President, another question that power of attorney to handle his finan- been so many we have not gotten to needs answering here is whether or not cial interests and run his companies him yet, but he is coming. Governor Clinton gave out leases from while Dan Lasater was serving time in It is our constitutional duty to con- the Arkansas State government in re- prison for trafficking in cocaine. duct this oversight hearing. The sav- turn for campaign contributions. Hear- Now, in a twist of irony, the former ings and loan crisis cost taxpayers $150 ings that were scheduled to occur this head of the Arkansas Development Fi- billion. Madison, the one that served as week probably would have answered nance Agency is head of White House the pool of money in Little Rock, lost that question, if we could have had the personnel, and guess who his deputy is? $68 million and maybe more. hearings. Dan Lasater’s former deputy, Patsy And 80 percent of the Arkansas The committee planned to explore Thomasson. State-chartered savings and loans—80 the possibility that an Arkansas State The committee is specifically percent of them; one of the highest in agency, the Arkansas Development Fi- charged under Senate Resolution 120 the Nation—failed while Bill Clinton nance Agency, known as ADFA, was or- with probing the links between Dan was Governor. This cost the American dered to lease a building owned by Jim Lasater and the Arkansas Development taxpayers $3 billion in failed Arkansas McDougal in exchange for Mr. Finance Agency. The link takes us savings and loans while Bill Clinton McDougal hosting a fundraiser for then right to the top of the White House. If was Governor. Governor Clinton in 1985. that does not bring Dan Lasater into Mr. President, I strongly urge my Mr. President, the second question is Whitewater, I do not know what does. counterparts on the other side of the whether Dan Lasater was given pref- Is this why the White House wants to aisle to stop the filibuster of this reso- erential treatment on State bond con- stop the investigation? All of a sudden, lution, let the truth come out. I would tracts. after being willing to throw millions think it would be exactly what the Now, for those of you who do not re- and billions of dollars at any project President and First Lady would be rec- member, Dan Lasater was a convicted anywhere in the world, now they say ommending: Let the chips fall where drug dealer who, by sworn testimony, we cannot continue, we cannot afford they may, let us see the truth, but let provided airplane travel, some 35 trips, this investigation; it is breaking the the American people who suffered the for the President, when he was running Government. We send foreign aid loss—let the American people who suf- for Governor of Arkansas. He held around the world. The President sup- fered the loss—at least be rewarded fundraisers at his offices around the ports it. He supports money for any with the truth and get on with the in- State of Arkansas to raise funds for giveaway program. But here the Demo- vestigation. Governor-to-be Clinton. And then crats are saying now we cannot do this. Mr. President, I yield the floor to the State bond business was directed to Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator Whitewater Chairman, Senator him to the amount of at least one yield? D’AMATO.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Mr. D’AMATO addressed the Chair. unfair. I think it is unfortunate. I The question is posed, why did not we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- think what does take place, whether do that? Because we ascertained from ator from New York. consciously or not—and I think rather the special counsel his concerns and Mr. D’AMATO. I will make a very consciously—is that those who make more importantly we ascertained the short statement. claims are attempting to poison the likelihood of us bringing in or attempt- Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I as- well as it relates to the credibility of ing to bring in some of the witnesses. sume the chairman got the floor on his the committee. That is unfortunate. One in particular, Judge Hale, would own right, is that correct? They are attempting to paint the com- have brought forth a plea or an indica- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mittee as partisan, as political. tion that he would avail himself of his ator is correct. I say there was a great Governor in constitutional rights, and that is, to Mr. SARBANES. I thank the Chair. our State, Al Smith. He said, ‘‘Let’s take the fifth amendment or indicate Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I do look at the record.’’ I heard lots of that he would take the fifth amend- not intend to be long, because I think things, let’s look at the record, the ment. That would have cut us off and there will be extended and long debate. length of time the committee met, et put us in a position where it would As I said, we are not able to get a vote cetera. We know the committee for have been rather doubtful that we of the Rules Committee or get the months and months could not carry on could get him at any time. We did not Rules Committee to consider the reso- its work. My colleagues know also that go forward. That is the reason. lution which would have authorized the there have been many occasions, in- Again, Al Smith said, ‘‘Let’s look at expenditure of up to $600,000. cluding the last several weeks, when the record.’’ With the exception of one By the way, in order to get some we have not been able to go forward be- situation, notwithstanding that there kind of relevance, I think if we were to cause of scheduling problems, and be- may not have been some bargaining combine both committees, the prior cause we were looking toward a con- with respect to the scope, I heard, ‘‘Oh, committee that met, the Whitewater tinuation and knew we could not finish the scope of some of the subpoenas that committee that met under the chair- our work, and because there are dozens were requested were too broad.’’ Yes, manship of Senator RIEGLE, and this of witnesses that are unavailable, and indeed, when you are looking for infor- committee, that we have spent some- it would not be timely to call them. mation there is a tendency to cover the There is a sequential order that we thing less than $1,500,000. If we want to waterfront. All of those matters were need. And these witnesses, in many look at the Iran-Contra with respect to narrowed down by way of counsel, ma- cases, first need to appear so we can money spent, I think they spent some- jority and minority, with the exception take depositions. In some cases, after thing in the order of $3,298,000, almost of one occasion, and that had to do we take depositions, we do not bring $3,300,000 in 1986, 1987 dollars. That with Bill Kennedy and the famous Ken- them in to testify. I think we have to would obviously be even more today. nedy notes, where we had the ref- look at that. When we talk about $30 million, and erences to the Rose Law Firm, et it is convenient to mix it in and say, Again, I am just going to reflect on the question of hearing the facts. The cetera—and even then I do not believe ‘‘$30 million would buy a lot.’’ That is that the administration should have the independent counsel. That special former U.S. attorney—who was ob- jected to, whose law firm participated pushed us to that. counsel that has taken $20-plus mil- It was not the committee’s desire to lion, was appointed at the request of in or did the Pillsbury, Madison, and Sutro report, did not participate in the ask for enforcement of the subpoena. It the President and the Attorney Gen- was only when they refused, refused to eral. I think we ought to understand final conclusion—did not participate in the final report, but did have a limited make those notes available. And by the that they are different investigations, involvement. way, why did they withhold them? not mix the two. Today’s Washington Post says, ‘‘The There was no question they could have When we speak to the issue of the retention’’—I am trying to give a bal- done it before. Only on that one occa- Pillsbury report, there have been some anced position on this—‘‘The retention sion did it finally come down to the statements made that they said we of the Pillsbury firm in 1994 drew sharp fact that we had to insist on enforce- should not go on any further. Let us complaints by the White House because ment. Then the notes were turned over. understand that the Pillsbury report Republican former U.S. Attorney Jay So, to attempt at this date today to was very limited in nature and scope. Stephens, a critic of the Clinton ad- say at this time that the work of the The fact of the matter is that they ministration, was a member of the committee has been and is partisan, were operating under a time con- Pillsbury team evaluating Madison.’’ It that our request to go forward is par- straint. And, indeed, they have a total goes on to say—I think this is most in- tisan and is political in nature, is just agreement that tolls as of March 1. structive and important because we not the case. I understand the concern They did not and still do not even in can all pick out some little thing and to limit the time. I am not suggesting their secondary report have all the attempt to pile on, try to make some- to you—that is why, by the way, as you facts and information. They have to thing out of it and blow it out of pro- say, Senator—in my presentation to make a determination with respect to portion—‘‘His work on the matter how- the Rules Committee, I said that my whether a suit should go forward on ever amounted to only about 10 hours.’’ desire was to terminate, to set that at the basis of cost-effectiveness. So this was not a report authored by the end of February, February 29, be- They were unable to come to a con- Mr. Stephens. cause we did not want to run it into a clusion based upon all the facts. As a Again, when we look at the report, political season. matter of fact, on page 164 of the report its scope, its narrowness, it does not That was my desire. It is my desire they expressly concluded, ‘‘This con- give license to us to say that the work today that we terminate sooner rather clusion does not necessarily mean that of the committee is done. than later, but only after we get the the evidence exonerates anyone.’’ So Last but not least, I have to suggest facts and conclude our work. Ours is let us understand that. The report was to my friends and colleagues on the not an investigation that should be for the very limited purpose as it re- other side—and I am not disputing any- driven by time alone. I never envi- lates to the FDIC bringing a civil suit body’s motivation; they say enough is sioned that we would run into the prob- against Madison. And it was up against enough, let us terminate this—if indeed lems that we did. I do not think that a time line. And it did not have all the we had access to all the information; if my colleagues did. facts. We have a different role, a far it was forthcoming; if it was not with- In good faith, there has to be some different role. held, whether by, again, design or be- attempt to reach some comity, or are Now, look, I have attempted to ap- cause of human error; if we were not we going to just simply charge ‘‘poli- proach this today not in terms of constrained by the independent pros- tics, politics’’ and drag in the red her- charging partisan politics, although it ecutor—and, again, I, indicate it was rings and talk about how many com- is obvious to me that there has been a our intent to bring various witnesses mittees and the economy—sure, people conscious attempt by some to say that in, we would not just surrender our are concerned about the economy and is the only reason this committee is rights; then we may have been in a po- jobs. Do you want me to begin to assert asking for an extension. I think that is sition to wind up this investigation. what I think could or should have been

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1421 done? We should have balanced the I do not know where it will take us—we terms of management of the taxpayers’ budget. We passed a balanced budget can start the work as soon as the trial funds, we have been frugal. I am pre- here. It was vetoed—vetoed. is completed. We can continue work. pared at another point to go into the If we had a balanced budget that was There are certain witnesses that we kinds of things we have developed: The passed, interest rates would be coming cannot bring in now. There is certain fact that there have been people who down and the economy would be pros- work we can do that we do not have to have pled guilty, the fact that there pering. Do you want to talk about do by way of public hearings. By the are indictments pending, the fact that that? That was not impugned or im- way, Mr. President, let me suggest to there is substance, not just smoke, to pinged, the fact the economy is in trou- you, simply because a committee is not many of the things that people are con- ble, because of the Whitewater com- holding public hearings does not mean cerned about. mittee. that there has not been tens of hun- But, again, lest we be unfair, this Do you want to talk about getting dreds of thousands of hours of work in chairman and this committee has an the economy going? Give the working terms of the examination of witnesses, obligation to get the facts, and if those middle class a tax cut. Come forward. in terms of sifting through evidence, in facts exonerate, clear away the webs of If you want to drag in politics and terms of various interrogatories which suspicion, why, then, that would be the rhetoric, we can do that. have been sent out and reviewed. My pronouncement of the committee. I If we want to concentrate in terms of colleagues know that. I think it is want the chips to fall where they may. attempting to do the work of the com- rather disingenuous to come up and If there are practices that should not mittee in the way that keeps politics simply say, ‘‘Well, you didn’t have have been undertaken but that were to a minimum, this chairman is willing hearings on X, Y, Z days.’’ We can get which may not fall into a criminal to attempt to work out an accommoda- out the records and we can talk about area, or if there may be matters that tion. But I say in all good faith, the set how many attorneys asked for delays, may be of a criminal nature, then that time line proposed, which is April 5, how many people had legitimate ex- will be the undertaking of the special will not give us the opportunity to get cuses, how many people put forth that counsel to decide what, if anything, the witnesses we need, and will bring there were medical reasons they could may be appropriate. us right back into the same situation not be here, how many could not be But we should not be afraid of going that Senator Mitchell, former Demo- here on a particular day because their forward. Democracy is not always nice cratic chairman, and Senator COHEN counsel was too busy. and tidy, and sometimes it does invite advised us against. To set up an arbi- We have attempted to accommodate some things that are not pleasant. trary time line—and I am now para- people on both sides. The fact we may They are not pleasant for either side. phrasing them—is to bring about a not have had a hearing on a particular So sometimes we have to do the busi- stratagem of delay. I am not sug- day does not go to the essence of the ness of ascertaining what are the facts. gesting, as I said before, that it would work of the committee. It is not all fun, but it is necessary and be delay just by the administration or Let me say again, last, but not least, sometimes it is even somewhat hurtful. the administration alone. Defense at- as it relates to the fact that there may I think we have to attempt to not look torneys for various witnesses who may or may not have been hearings held by to deliberately hurt people but to do have something to be concerned about other committees with respect to their our job to get the facts. That is what I will look at that time line. I can guar- relevant duties and obligations, what- hope we will be able to do. antee you this will take place and ever they may be—Medicare, Medicaid, Mr. President, I said I am not going there will be delays. health care—and let me take this op- to continue and go into what the com- All the charts in the world are not portunity to say that I intend to sup- mittee has found and some of the open going to overcome that. All the port the Kassebaum-Kennedy bill questions, because I believe that we sloganeering in the world will not over- which will deal with health care which will be here next week unless we can come that. I suggest to my colleagues is scheduled to come to the floor. I get a resolution of this. My colleagues that we are going to have plenty of think that is a good bill and is going to on the other side have indicated that time for political charges to be made go a long way toward helping. The they are going to ask for extended de- next week. Maybe this ought to be the work of the Whitewater committee has bate, and I think there certainly time that we not engage in so much of not precluded these other committees should be extended debate. But debate that political rhetoric and begin to at- or the Senate from undertaking its that reaches more than just that and tempt to see in what manner we can work. The fact that there may have denies us an opportunity to vote, I continue the work of the committee only been 20-some-odd votes this year think that would be unfortunate. with the best hope and opportunity to as compared to 90-some last year at the Again, everyone has a right to play wind up sooner rather than later. same time, again, is not something the out their role in this matter. If my colleagues want to take that Whitewater work has impeded. I yield the floor. up, I am willing to do that. I stand These are arguments that are put Mr. SARBANES addressed the Chair. ready and willing to work to accom- forth and which are fraught with, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- plish our goal without, again, setting a think, specious undertones, a kind of ator from Maryland. time line which is guaranteed to bring red herring to divert attention. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I about more delay. ‘‘Thirty million dollars has been want to take a few minutes to reca- Those sentiments are not original spent on this matter.’’ Look, we spent pitulate where we are. sentiments expressed by the Senator less than $1.5 million, and that is both On May 17 of last year, the Senate from New York; those are sentiments committees. I do not think we have to adopted Senate Resolution 120 which and concerns that have been expressed spend $600,000. Why do we ask for it? provided for the establishment of the by Senator COHEN and by former Sen- Because, if at the end we have, let us Special Committee to Investigate ate majority leader, Senator Mitchell. say, 3 weeks or 4 weeks of work to do Whitewater Development Corporation They said they should not have done it. and we run out of money, we do not and Related Matters. That resolution They did. They set time lines with the want to be in a situation where we provided $950,000 to conduct the inves- best of intent. have to again come back to the floor of tigation. That funding expires on Feb- I suggest the situation is analogous the Senate. I think we can complete it ruary 29, 1996, which is today. From the today. Theirs was an attempt not to go for less, but the fact of the matter is, beginning, it was and remains my further into the political season, and you learn by experience. But certainly strong intention that this investiga- they said they made a mistake—made to say that this is one of the most cost- tion be carried out in a fair, thorough, a mistake. ly investigations, that is just not the and impartial manner, and that it be I do not know how to work out of case. As I said, the Iran-Contra ran al- completed before the country enters this dilemma. I understand the legiti- most $3,300,000. Their work was com- into the Presidential campaign. By au- mate concerns of my colleagues. I real- pressed in a shorter time. How is that? thorizing funding only through Feb- ly do. I say if there is a way in which We have examined more witnesses, ruary 29, 1996, Senate Resolution 120 we can do it, if it is an authorization, taken more depositions. So I think in accomplished this objective. In fact,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 that resolution states that the pur- say, what about all the other expendi- I want to point out that in the last 9 poses of the committee are ‘‘to expe- tures that are being made? This is not days remaining to this committee dite the thorough conduct of this in- the only inquiry taking place. There is under S. Res. 120 to conduct hearings, vestigation, study, and hearings,’’ and the RTC commission of Pillsbury, only 1 day of hearings was held—in the ‘‘to engender a high degree of con- Madison, and Sutro, a distinguished last 9 days of that time period. In the fidence on the part of the public re- San Francisco law firm, to carry on a last 9 days of the Iran-Contra com- garding the conduct of such investiga- civil investigation with respect to mittee, when it was coming up against tion, study, and hearings.’’ these matters involving Madison, and its deadline, they held hearings on 8 of Indeed, Chairman D’AMATO himself, other related matters. They have now the 9 days. This committee held 1 day when he went before the Rules Com- issued their final report, in which they of hearings over the last 9 days. No mittee in the first part of last year in find no actionable conduct. They have hearings this week. One day of hear- seeking funding for the investigation, concluded that no legal actions should ings last week. stated, ‘‘We wanted to keep it out of be taken. On the 23d of January, Senator that political arena, and that is why The cost of that inquiry is just under DASCHLE wrote to Senator DOLE, stat- we decided to come forward with a 1- $4 million. So we add the amounts of $2 ing, year request.’’ million and $4 million on the Pillsbury The funding deadline has now been Madison. The independent counsel has It is well within the special committee’s spent, to date, we are informed, over ability to complete its inquiry by February reached. The investigation has not 29. The committee can and should adopt a been completed. I will discuss, in a mo- $25 million and is spending at the rate hearing schedule over the next 6 weeks that ment, the reasons I believe the com- of a million dollars a month. Of course, will enable it to meet the Senate’s des- mittee failed to complete the inves- regarding the House committees, we do ignated timetable. tigation by the cutoff date. The Senate not know what the cost of their inquiry Senator DASCHLE was absolutely cor- must decide now whether to continue is. So over $30 million in direct costs rect. Unfortunately, there was no seri- the investigation and, if so, what addi- have been spent by the Federal Govern- ous effort to intensify the hearing tional funding and what additional ment on the Whitewater investigation, schedule in order to meet the February time to provide. and millions more have been spent by 29 deadline. In fact, sadly, to the con- I want this clearly understood. We Federal agencies assisting with or re- trary. As I indicated last week, the passed a resolution last year by an sponding to these investigations. committee held one hearing with one overwhelming bipartisan vote to carry This Whitewater committee made a witness. This week, one hearing was out an inquiry through February 29 of very broad request to the White House scheduled, but it was canceled. In other 1996. In my judgment, as I will indicate for e-mails. It was so broad that it was weeks, 2 or 3 days of hearings were shortly, that was more than adequate eventually clear that this really was held. Never were there 4 or 5, as was to complete the inquiry. It has not not workable. It was an onerous re- done with Iran-Contra. Indeed, as this been completed, and the chairman of quest. When it was finally narrowed committee did itself earlier in the the committee, Senator D’AMATO, is down, we got a response from the year—this committee itself, back in now proposing a resolution for an addi- White House. They have now provided 7 the summer, held hearings 4 and 5 days tional $600,000 in funding and an unlim- of the 9 weeks of e-mails, and the other a week. We have not done that once, ited extension of time to continue the 2 weeks are about to come up. during 1 week, in the January to Feb- Senate’s inquiry into the so-called Of course, the committee keeps send- ruary period, even though there was no Whitewater matter. ing further requests. I want that under- Unlike S. Res. 120, which we passed stood. This is a rolling game, and fur- Senate business, there was no business last year, this proposal now for an un- ther requests are made. It has cost the on the floor of the Senate, and there- limited extension completely dis- White House hundreds of thousands of fore we were free from those interrup- regards concerns about extending the dollars to retrieve those e-mails be- tions. investigation deep into a Presidential cause the Bush administration put in a Some of the witnesses had nothing to election year. In my view, it seriously system that made it very difficult to add. I just want to give two examples undermines the credibility of this in- retrieve the e-mails. The Clinton ad- of this, which really in some ways is vestigation and creates the public per- ministration changed that system distressing. Susan Strayhorn, a former ception that this investigation is being back. From the date when the system secretary, came in. A hearing started conducted for political purposes. was changed back, they were able to at about 10:30, finished at 1:00 or 1:30, As my distinguished colleague from give us the e-mails after that date im- and many of the questions at the hear- Connecticut, Senator DODD, indicated mediately. But the previous e-mails, ing were so long-winded, at one point earlier, there is no precedent that I am under the Bush system, were extraor- in the hearing Mrs. Strayhorn stated, aware of for the Senate to conduct an dinarily difficult to retrieve. We are ‘‘I am sorry, Mr. Chairman, could we open-ended investigation of a sitting now in the process of receiving those, have a short break? I am nodding off President during a Presidential elec- and we hope to complete it soon. They here.’’ tion year. In fact, as I understand it, have had to bring in a contractor from There are other examples I men- there is no precedent to carry on an outside, lay on a lot of extra staff, and tioned. We have taken over 200 deposi- open-ended inquiry. All of the various spend hundreds of thousands of dollars tions. There is no selectivity and focus investigations—and, as I understand it, in order to do that. on the work of this committee. We the Senator put a list into the Now, the proposal of Chairman took a deposition from a Mr. Charles RECORD—placed a defined timeframe. D’AMATO was first put forward for Scalera. This should never have hap- As I indicated earlier in my quotes, $600,000 and an unlimited time period. pened. If the majority counsel cannot this is a matter on which Senator In the majority report on the progress call him up and find out whether there DOLE, now the majority leader, has of the Whitewater investigation, which is anything there—the deposition spoken repeatedly in the past in very was submitted to the Senate on Janu- began. He was brought in. He had to be strong terms, with respect to the need ary 22 by the special committee, the sworn. He had a lawyer. We had to get to have a defined time period. minority argued very strongly in its the reporter to record it and go Now, this proposed additional fund- report that the committee, instead of through that expense. The deposition ing for this committee, another seeking an extension of time and more began at 2:15, finished at 2:30. Mr. $600,000, would bring Senate expendi- money, should undertake an intensified President, 15 minutes, and these were tures on the investigation of White- hearing schedule in the final 6 weeks to the last questions in the deposition: water to $2 million. It is $1,950,000, just complete its investigation by the Feb- Question: Do you have any other informa- under $2 million. It needs to be under- ruary 29 deadline. I want this very tion other than what you have gleaned from stood that this is not the only money clearly understood. In mid-January, we newspaper and media reports that you can that is being spent on Whitewater. urged an intensified hearing schedule give to the special committee regarding Mr. There is a tendency to say we are in order to complete the responsibil- Foster’s death? spending this $2 million. Then you can ities that were before us. Answer: No, none whatever.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1423 Question: Any information other than thing important to do in Washington? I want to distinguish between two what is reported in the media or the news- Why are you spending this time and groups of witnesses. There are some paper regarding Whitewater Development money?’’ who come before the committee, and I Corporation? I ask my friend from Maryland if agree completely, they ought to be Answer: None whatever. that has not been his experience in the Question: Madison Guaranty Savings and there. There are questions that need to Loan Association? State of Maryland? be asked if we are going to do our in- Answer: None whatever. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I quiry. One of the consequences of such Question: Capital Management Services? think it is a perfectly legitimate ques- inquiry is that people bear costs, and Answer: None whatever. tion for the public to be asking. I do at some point I think we need to give Question: Seth Ward? not think there is any question about consideration to that as a Congress. Answer: No. it. There are other people that are being Question: David Hale? First of all, it must be understood called before our committee and they Answer: No. that the independent counsel’s work get there, and they essentially sit Finally, counsel says, ‘‘Thank you will continue. Who knows how long there through the hearing. They really very much for your time. I have noth- that will go on. Under the charter, it is have not much to contribute. Maybe ing further.’’ unlimited and the amount of resources they get asked a few questions, and Mr. LEAHY. Will the Senator yield? is unlimited. They have already, we un- then they, too, incur expense. Some of Mr. SARBANES. I yield to the Sen- derstand, spent $25 million, or at the these are very young people, and others ator for a question. I do have a state- rate of $1 million a month. He has hold low-level positions—clerks, secre- ment I want to complete. broad authority. He has a professional taries. It is very clear that this is a Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have staff of approximately 130 people, 30 at- terrifying and traumatizing experience listened to what has been said here. torneys, over 100 FBI and IRS agents, for them, personally traumatizing. Am I correct that, in all, the Senate in- and the Reauthorization Act sets no Mr. FORD. Mr. President, that is vestigation has spent 1.3 million of tax limits on the duration or the cost of somewhat different from the Ethics dollars, heard from over 150 witnesses, his investigation. So that is at work. It Committee or a grand jury investiga- collected more than 45,000 pages of doc- has been at work for a long time. It tion. When staff is called to go before uments, and have not proven any will continue to be at work. the committee, to have representation, criminal or ethical violations by any- Now, he is about to start some trials. the Senate pays for that. The Senate body in the White House? The other side treats those trials as furnishes attorneys. If the Senator Mr. SARBANES. That is the current though they are going to be held on himself or herself is not involved, then state of affairs. The Senator is correct. camera. They say, ‘‘We need the testi- the Senate pays for the legal counsel. Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, if I might mony of the people at those trials.’’ So what you have here is that in cer- ask a further question of my friend, he Those people are going to make their tain instances we pay—we, being the is familiar with normal court proce- testimony at the trial, and it will be on taxpayers—pay for the legal counsel. In dures. I spent years as a prosecutor. I the public record. this particular case it comes out of the think, from my own judgment, if any This committee has held almost 50 individual’s pocket, hundreds of thou- assistant prosecutor in my office had days of hearings. It has heard from sands of dollars. gone on an expensive witch hunt like over 120 witnesses. It has taken over So I think that we are making a real this, and a grand jury for all this, the 200 depositions. It has gotten tens of mistake here, crushing families finan- foreman of the grand jury would be thousands of pages of documents from cially for the political whim of a few calling me as district attorney and say- the White House and from the Presi- individuals. ing, ‘‘Hey, you better come down and dent and First Lady’s private attorney. Mr. SARBANES. I would then make answer what in Heaven’s name you are It has nearly 30,000 pages of deposition this point about the situation we find answering to for our time and money.’’ testimony. ourselves in here now, because I know Mr. FORD. Will the Senator yield? I Would that be the experience of my the matter is pending in the Rules apologize, but I think it is timely. Committee. friend from Maryland? At some point, Mr. SARBANES. I yield to the Sen- the grand jury or the judge would be Mr. FORD. Mr. President, may I an- ator. swer that? There was a meeting of the saying, ‘‘Why are you wasting our time Mr. FORD. Mr. President, would the and money?’’ Rules Committee called yesterday Senator have some idea how much afternoon at 3:30, and it was postponed. Mr. SARBANES. I think the public is legal expense by the individual wit- increasingly coming to ask those ques- There has been no other meeting called nesses—I saw a story in the paper of the Rules Committee. tions. They are asking the question, today. We begin at $50,000 and $60,000 Mr. DODD. If my colleague will ‘‘Why do you now seek another $600,000, and $400,000, and individuals are being yield? bringing the cost of this to just under called before the Whitewater Com- Mr. FORD. I do not know that any- $2 million, and why are you projecting mittee that are absolutely scared to thing was before the Rules Committee it further into the President election death, had no idea of what is going on, yesterday. year?’’ had nothing to do with anything. Yet, Mr. DODD. If I may ask my colleague As I indicated, I think the extending they are advised to get an attorney, from Maryland to yield so I can ask a of—indefinitely—the proposal of Chair- and they hire an attorney, and they question. I sit on the Rules Committee. man D’AMATO and his colleagues un- cannot pay their mortgage. They have There was a meeting of the Rules Com- dermines the credibility of this inves- to borrow money to pay their attor- mittee this morning, was there not? tigation and would obviously con- neys’ fees. Mr. FORD. An oversight meeting, tribute to a growing public perception We keep on keeping on, keeping on, from 9 o’clock until 1:30. Then there that is being conducted for political and we are absolutely ruining families was another one this afternoon at 2, purposes. financially, calling all these people and it went on until about 4 o’clock. Mr. LEAHY. If I may ask one last that have no relevance to the com- Mr. DODD. Let me inquire. If a question of my friend from Maryland. I mittee business at all. Has that ever quorum had been produced in the Rules know he has a statement to make. been added up? Committee, could not the Rules Com- I ask if this is his experience. My ex- Mr. SARBANES. We do not have that mittee then have marked up and sent perience from Vermont, a State with figure. The figures we are giving are out the bill that we are being asked—— maybe two-thirds of the people consid- public expenditures of money to do the Mr. FORD. Only with unanimous con- ering themselves Republican, my expe- inquiries. The costs that are imposed sent of the Senate. We were beyond— rience has been in letters I receive con- on the people that come forward as the 2 o’clock period was beyond the 2 stantly, in things that people say to witnesses we have no accounting for, hours. The committee hearing was only me when I am home on weekends, over although we do understand that for for oversight. It would have had to and over again, people of all walks of many of these people those costs are have been expanded this afternoon. life in my State have said, ‘‘Enough is very substantial and they are in no po- This morning, I am not sure. I had not enough. Don’t you people have some- sition to bear the cost. given it any thought.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1424 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Mr. DODD. I was referring to this DASCHLE put forward last week a pro- key findings are that they find no con- morning. posal for providing additional time and duct on the basis of which action can Mr. FORD. I think that is correct. funding to complete the work of the be brought. Mr. DODD. Was there a quorum at special committee authorized by Sen- Let me now turn to two arguments any point present? ate Resolution 120. that are put forward to support an Mr. FORD. There was no quorum. Senator DASCHLE proposed providing open-ended extension of time, which is There were only three Senators there until April 3, an additional 5 weeks, for what the proposal is that is before us. this morning at any one time. the Senate committee to complete its One is that there has been delay com- Mr. DODD. Was the majority leader hearings schedule and until May 10, a plying with White House document re- of the U.S. Senate, who is a member of further 6 weeks thereafter, for the com- quests by the White House. And regard- the Rules Committee, present? mittee’s final report to be produced. ing complying with document requests, Mr. FORD. No, sir. Senator DASCHLE proposed then, in they point to documents that are pro- Mr. DODD. I thank my colleague. order to carry us through that period, vided late. I just want to make this Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, yester- additional funding of $185,000; not point. Those documents were provided. day, as chairman of the Rules Com- $600,000. I have been in other inquiries in which mittee, I was informed that the Bank- Let me point out, in Iran-Contra, in documents were never provided; in ing Committee had reported out a reso- the 5 weeks leading up to the end of fact, in which they were destroyed. lution under the procedures of the Sen- their hearings, they held 21 days of What happens here is they come for- ate. It came to the Rules Committee, hearings. So, if this committee fol- ward with the documents. Instead of whereupon I immediately contacted lowed the schedule of the Iran-Contra saying, ‘‘Good, we have the documents, the distinguished ranking member, Mr. committee in July and August of 1987, we can now examine them,’’ people are FORD, and actually went to his office it could do 21 days of hearings within berated because the documents were where we visited for a period of some 15 the time period provided by the pro- not provided earlier. It is reasonable, to 20 minutes. posal put forward by the majority lead- with respect to each person, to ask In a very forthright manner, the two er. That is almost half again as many them why were they not provided ear- lier. I mean Mark Gearan said that, by of us ascertained that we could not hearings as have already been con- mistake, these documents were packed achieve a quorum of nine members and, ducted by this committee over this en- up, put in a box, and shipped over to therefore, we could not act on the leg- tire period. islative matter that had been received Five weeks of additional hearings the Peace Corps when he went there to from the Banking Committee. should be more than adequate to com- be the Director. He did not know that had taken place. Later he found out Mr. FORD then counseled with the plete the so-called Arkansas phase of distinguished minority leader; I coun- this investigation. In fact, that phase that it had taken place, and he moved, seled with the distinguished acting ma- concerns events that occurred in Ar- then, to respond with the documents to the requests that had been made of jority leader, the Senator from Mis- kansas some 10 years ago, events which him. sissippi, Mr. LOTT. It was clear to me, have been widely reported on since the But it must be understood that the and I was under the clear impression 1992 Presidential campaign and about White House experienced difficulties in that it was clear to Senator FORD, that which much has already been said. Wit- complying with document requests be- yesterday we would not endeavor in nesses have been brought in, and they cause some of the majority’s requests any way to bring this matter up, even tell the same story that has been in the were extremely broad and burdensome. for purposes of discussion, even though newspaper 3 and 4 years ago. In fact, I For example, in early September the I had earlier intended to schedule a must tell you—I do not have it here majority sent to the White House a re- meeting for 3:30. with me, I will get it for further de- quest—now, listen carefully to this— Today’s agenda of the Rules Com- bate— we had one witness with whom calling for the production of any com- mittee had been planned for some we were going over the notes about the munications, contacts, or meetings; weeks. Notice was given to all mem- January 1994 period. So the next day any communications between anyone bers. there was a story in the press about in the White House, current staff or The agenda today was restricted to that. We compared that story with the former staff, and anyone on a list of the subject of testimony from the Sec- story that had been written in the about 50 people, on any subject—any retary of the Senate, the Sergeant at press back at the time. The first two subject matter whatsoever—over a 18- Arms, and the acting Architect, and paragraphs of those two stories are vir- month period. other witnesses relative to their sub- tually identical. Just think of that. Take a moment jects. At no time did Senator FORD and I mean, we are simply replowing old to think about that. You get a docu- I discuss today the matter of the pend- ground. I understand some people want ment request that says we want any ing issue that came from the Banking to do that, as well as whatever new communication between any present or Committee. ground there may be. But to now ap- former member of the White House So there was no question today of propriate another $600,000 in order to staff, which is quite a large number. I trying to raise a quorum for the pur- carry out this kind of inquiry? This in- do not know the exact number. But it pose of considering the pending legisla- vestigation can be brought to a proper is many, many people, and anyone on a tive matter that arrived yesterday conclusion for far less money than the list of more than 50. Actually that list from the Banking Committee. I regret $600,000, and the remainder of those included any employee of the RTC that others somehow in the colloquy funds can be put to a far more con- which literally involves thousands of today might have raised this question. structive purpose. As I indicated be- people if you take it literally—any I assure the Senate that that was never fore, the inquiry of the independent communication between those groups on the agenda today. There was no ef- counsel will continue. He and his pred- on any subject matter; any subject fort to get a quorum for the purposes of ecessor have already spent more than 2 matter whatsoever over an 18-month consideration, and it was my clear un- years investigating Whitewater-related period. Think of the enormity of that derstanding that the earliest date matters. We anticipate they will con- request. Obviously, such a broad and which the Rules Committee could ad- tinue. So it is not as though these mat- onerous request slowed down the docu- dress this issue would be next Tuesday. ters are not going to be looked into. In ment production effort. We engage (Mr. GREGG assumed the chair.) fact, this committee does not have the then in an effort to narrow this request Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, some power of bringing actions. That rests and to focus, and in effect to pinpoint of my colleagues on the other side have with the independent counsel. it on what was really relevant, and been treating this matter as though In addition, as my distinguished col- once that was done, we were able to get the choice is between terminating the league from Connecticut, Senator a response in a reasonable period of inquiry right here and now or an in- DODD, pointed out, a comprehensive re- time. definite extension, which is what Sen- port by an independent law firm, Pills- The majority request for electronic ator D’AMATO has proposed. I want to bury, Madison, and Sutro, retained by mail records encountered the difficulty underscore the fact that Senator the RTC, has now been made public. Its that the White House did not have an

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1425 existing capability to retrieve all e- We are not going to await the outcome I take it my colleagues wish to speak, mail messages potentially encom- of your trial. Now we are being told but the October 2 letter which Chair- passed by the committee’s request. The just the opposite. Now we are being man D’AMATO and I sent to Inde- White House attorneys explained that told we must await the outcome, and pendent Counsel Starr is instructive in the e-mail system implemented by the therefore we must extend the inquiry this regard because it operated on the Bush administration and inherited by beyond the completion of the pending premise that we had to complete our the Clinton administration did not trial. work, that we were not going to be save e-mail records in retrievable form. Indeed, four witnesses have informed placed in the posture by the inde- Under the Bush administration’s sys- the committee that they will invoke pendent counsel of backing up our tem, only weekly backup tapes for the their right against self-incrimination work behind his work. I think that was entire computer network were main- and refuse to testify. But that is no a wise position then. I think it remains tained up until the Clinton administra- reason for the committee to extend a wise position. tion put a new system in place in July this investigation into the political I am very frank to tell you, as I indi- 1994. The White House actually has pro- season, a result the Senate avoided cated at the outset, that the proposal duced responsive e-mail created after when it provided the funding for the in- for $600,000 funding and the unlimited July when they put their new system vestigation only through February 29, extension of time is a proposal that into place. So there was a problem on 1996. That problem was recognized at disregards concerns expressed here a how to proceed under the technical the time. It was part of the thinking at little less than a year ago, concerns that Senator DOLE has expressed on constraints imposed by the Bush ad- the time. And the thinking was that we other occasions with great vigor, com- ministration. would not defer if that became the pletely disregards concerns about ex- Finally, this matter was resolved issue before us to the independent tending the investigation deep into a through a more specific definition by counsel. Presidential year, and therefore I think the committee of the e-mail request. In In fact, in that letter of October 2 to it undermines the credibility of the in- independent counsel Starr, Chairman other words, we were able to identify vestigation and creates the public per- particular weeks instead of a broad re- D’AMATO and I said, with respect to the ception that it is being conducted for quest over an extended period of time position of the special committee in political purposes. involving huge numbers of people. The seeking the testimony of defendants in I do not think there is justification White House committed a major out- criminal trials initiated by the inde- for the proposal for an indefinite exten- side computer contractual firm to as- pendent counsel, and I will quote: sion of time. I am very much opposed sist it, and we have now been receiving The special committee does not intend to to it. those e-mail. We still have 1 or 2 weeks seek the testimony of any defendant in a Senator DASCHLE has come forward to go in terms of furnishing them to pending action brought by your office, nor with an alternative proposal that I the committee, although additional re- will it seek to expand upon any of the grants think is reasonable. He has not said quests have been made in recent days I of immunity provided to persons by your of- fice or its predecessor. that we are going to simply stick with understand. Senate Resolution 120. He has offered a In any event, it is important to rec- That was the position that the com- proposition to extend the hearing ognize that these documents were pro- mittee took on October 2 as we pro- schedule to the beginning of April and duced, and, in fact, one produced con- jected forward as to what our work some additional time to do the report. tained little meaningful information. schedule would be. I think the committee could complete Let me turn to the argument that is It must be understood that delaying its inquiry within that time period, made that we need an indefinite exten- beyond the trial will not affect the and I think that will give some assur- sion in order to await the completion ability of witnesses to assert their ance to all of us here and to the Amer- of the trial that is about to begin in privilege against self-incrimination. In ican people that this investigation is Little Rock. When the Senate passed fact, I think it is fair to say that they being conducted in a fair, thorough and Resolution 120 creating the special can be expected to continue to assert impartial manner. committee and defining its powers and their fifth amendment privileges. Even Mr. President, I yield the floor. responsibilities, the independent coun- the availability of defendants, if one Mr. LOTT addressed the Chair. sel’s investigation was already well were to decide to seek them, would be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- under way. The Senate recognized that affected by the trial’s outcome. If the ator from Mississippi. fact and provided for it in the resolu- defendants are convicted, appeals will Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I do wish tion. It was not the intent of the Sen- likely follow probably on numerous to be heard on the issue of the White- ate, as reflected in the resolution, that grounds and take months, years. All water extension, but first I have a the special committee’s work be de- my colleagues know the workings of unanimous consent request. layed, or put on hold because of the ac- the legal system. During that time, the f tivities of the independent counsel. In defendants will retain their fifth EXECUTIVE SESSION amendment privilege notwithstanding fact, the independent counsel has along f the way raised concerns about the com- the prior trial and conviction. Even if mittee’s investigation. The committee acquitted, they retain the privilege for EXECUTIVE CALENDAR declined to suspend its work to accom- charges other than on those on which Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- modate those concerns, and on October they were tried. So it is very unlikely imous consent that the Senate imme- 2 of last year Chairman D’AMATO and I you will obtain this testimony in any diately proceed to executive session to wrote to independent counsel Kenneth event. consider the nomination of Gen. Barry Starr and advised him that the com- Second, this trial is being treated as R. McCaffrey to be Director of the Of- mittee intended to proceed with its in- though it is going to be in camera. In fice of National Drug Control Policy, vestigation contrary to wishes ex- other words, that this trial is going to reported out of the Judiciary Com- pressed by him in his letter of Sep- begin and that no one is going to know mittee today. I further ask unanimous tember 27. We said in that letter, what the testimony is at the trial. consent that the nomination be con- We believe that the concerns expressed in Now, obviously, that is not the case. firmed, the motion to reconsider be your letter do not outweigh the Senate’s I am told, in fact, that the press and laid upon the table, that any state- strong interests in concluding its investiga- media are already moving from here in ments relating to the nomination ap- tion and public hearings into the matters Washington to Little Rock, and so I pear at the appropriate place in the specified in Senate Resolution 120 consistent anticipate that the trial will be well RECORD, the President be immediately with section 9 of the resolution. covered and well reported. notified of the Senate’s action, and In other words, on October 2, we said No one knows, of course, how long that the Senate then return to legisla- to the independent counsel we are the trial will last. Estimates are 10, 12 tive session. going to go ahead despite your inquir- weeks, maybe longer. I think this let- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there ies in order to complete by the date ter that we sent—and I will discuss it objection? Without objection, it is so provided in the resolution, February 29. at greater length subsequently because ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1426 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 The nomination was considered and 85 times more likely to use more seri- frey to join forces with others such as confirmed as follows: ous drugs than those who do not. LSD, Judge Freeh [FBI], Tom Constantine f methamphetamine, and inhalant use [DEA] and Attorney General Janet among students is also increasing. Reno who have been instrumental in EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE I believe leadership from the top has fighting the drug war. General McCaf- PRESIDENT been lacking for the past few years. I frey has the opportunity to use his po- Barry R. McCaffrey, of Washington, hope that the nomination of General sition to condemn drug use and take to be Director of National Drug Con- McCaffrey signals a renewed commit- active steps in formulating a policy trol Policy. ment to fighting the war on drugs. that will help this Nation triumph over Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I am Wars must be fought on many fronts. drug abuse. pleased to support the nomination of Even armies with overwhelming A question I have is whether the se- Gen. Barry R. McCaffrey, USA, to be strength and superiority can lose a war lection of General McCaffrey signals a Director of the Office of National Drug to a foe that can take advantage of new-found commitment by the Presi- Control Policy. I congratulate the strategic weaknesses. While the United dent to lead in the drug war, or wheth- President on his fine choice. States has been waging its war on er it is, more simply, an election year As a strong supporter of the legisla- drugs, we have not been doing it intel- make over. But I am willing to give the tion to create the Office of National ligently. Too many resources have been President the benefit of the doubt. I am Drug Control Policy as part of the Ex- wasted on international eradication willing to see if he will provide General ecutive Office of the President, I regret and interdiction efforts. Not enough re- McCaffrey with the support necessary that the Office has not met my expec- sources have been dedicated to the to reverse the disturbing trends we tations. Perhaps no one should be sur- real, long-term answers to the drug have seen the past 2 years, trends that prised that the directors have been un- problem: education, prevention, and re- suggest substantial increases in youth- able to exercise full authority over the habilitation. ful drug use. numerous Federal agencies that have While I was a little concerned with In order to be successful, General jurisdiction and responsibilities over General McCaffrey when he was nomi- McCaffrey will need to engage the full some aspect of the far-flung war on nated, because of his background in support and involvement of the Presi- drugs. These agencies range from the interdiction, those concerns were put dent. The general promised me that he military, law enforcement agencies, to rest by the commitment he ex- enjoys the President’s full support. I public health agencies, education agen- pressed both at his confirmation hear- want General McCaffrey to know that cies, foreign affairs agencies, and bor- ing and in his responses to questions he will have strong allies in Congress der control agencies, among others. submitted for the record to prevention for a serious effort against drugs. The Director of this Office must be and treatment programs as the key to Senator BIDEN and I, for example, skilled in the ways of the numerous bu- solving America’s drug problem. Gen- have made a major commitment of reaucracies that come within his do- eral McCaffrey is right. America can- time and energy to the drug issue, in- main. He must be able to meld these not win the drug war by focusing on cluding shoring up the drug czar even disparate agencies into a single, effec- law enforcement. Prevention, edu- after President Clinton slashed it sub- tive weapon reaching toward the same cation, rehabilitation are the real keys stantially in his first year in office. goal, even through widely different to winning this war. With General While the President cut the Office of means. He must be able to handle com- McCaffrey leading our efforts, I am National Drug Control staff from 147 to peting political demands for resources convinced that we will do better and 25, I am pleased that General McCaf- and balance long-term goals with once again begin to make strides in our frey said he plans on increasing staff to short-term needs. The most important collective effort to reduce the drug its original level of 150. weapon in the Director’s arsenal is the problem. Last summer Senator BIDEN and I President’s committed support to the I also want to note my appreciation saved the office from elimination. As ending the plague of drug use in our to General McCaffrey for his willing- late as last week we interceded to lift Nation. ness to come to Philadelphia to view an earmark against ONDCP’s operating In 1992, our Nation had achieved a re- first-hand the scope of the drug prob- budget. These recent efforts to elimi- markable record in reducing drug use lem in an American city and some of nate or cut back the drug czar’s office over the previous 10 years. While still the innovative steps taken to combat reflect congressional frustration with confronting excessive crime rates due that problem. I look forward to his the Clinton administration’s abdica- to illegal drugs, we had made real visit soon. tion of responsibility. I hope we will headway. Not surprisingly, crime rates Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, today the see the President take a more active soon followed in a downward trend. I U.S. Senate considers the nomination role in supporting General McCaffrey regret that this record of success has of Gen. Barry R. McCaffrey, President and in condemning illegal drug use. been turned around since 1993. Clinton’s nominee to be Director of the General McCaffrey has raised three While cocaine use has been relatively Office of National Drug Control Pol- children free from the scourge of ille- stable since then, the use of other icy—the so-called drug czar. I strongly gal drugs. I hope he will now view all drugs has increased significantly. Her- support General McCaffrey’s nomina- this Nation’s children as his own, and oin use is up, as is the purity of that tion and applaud President Clinton’s take their futures to heart as he de- pernicious drug. Meanwhile, the price choice of this decorated hero of the vises and implements a drug strategy. I is down, demonstrating that heroin Vietnam and Desert Storm conflicts. hope the Senate will commit to assist- supplies have been increasing. This is General McCaffrey currently runs the ing him any reasonable way that it not an unexpected problem. Under Sen- United States military’s joint com- can. ator BIDEN’s leadership, the Judiciary mand in Latin American—Southern Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, it is a Committee held a hearing on the sub- Command, also know as SOUTHCOM. distinct pleasure for me to speak brief- ject of heroin trafficking in 1992. The SOUTHCOM is responsible for over- ly on the confirmation of Gen. Barry R. problem has still not been satisfac- seeing the military’s Latin American McCaffrey as the Director of the Office torily addressed. interdiction efforts. of National Drug Control Policy today. Even more troubling is the sharp in- I have been a vocal critic of Presi- It comes as no surprise that a man of crease in juvenile drug use. Recent dent Clinton’s drug policy, or should I General McCaffrey’s stature and ac- studies show increases in the use of all say, lack of drug policy. While Presi- complishments has been confirmed so sorts of drugs among students in junior dent Clinton has abdicated his respon- swiftly by the Judiciary Committee high and high schools. The sharp in- sibility to combat the plague of illegal and the full Senate. As Senator HATCH crease in marijuana use among these narcotics to fight the war on drugs by mentioned in his remarks at the Judi- children, double between 1992 and 1994, refusing to use the bully pulpit of the ciary hearing yesterday, President is most troubling because of mari- Presidency to speak out against drugs, Clinton has made a bold and enlight- juana’s frequent use as an entry-level I believe that he should be commended ened choice to be our next drug czar drug. Students who use marijuana are for the nomination of General McCaf- and I know he will bring fresh energy,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1427 ideas, and experience to this difficult WHITEWATER Times and other media in their corner. challenge. Mr. LOTT. First, Mr. President, I But that is not so. I cannot let this occasion go by with- want to make note of what is being The New York Times, in fact, on the out briefly mentioning some of the done here. The distinguished chairman 28th of February, said that Senator many awards and accomplishments of the Banking Committee has asked D’AMATO has in a non-partisan way that General McCaffrey has received for a very fair unanimous consent that made a very strong point about the during his illustrious military career: the Senate bring up the resolution ex- need to continue the Whitewater com- two awards of the Distinguished Serv- tending the Special Committee To In- mittee. I want to read an excerpt from ice Cross, two awards of the Silver vestigate Whitewater Development the New York Times. The editorial sup- Star, three awards of the Purple Heart Corp., and that it would be presented in ports an indefinite extension of the for wounds suffered in Vietnam, leader a most fair manner, 2 hours of debate, committee and the duty of the Senate of the 24th Mechanized Infantry Divi- equally divided, with an amendment in to pursue this matter in a fair way. sion whose left hook attack against the order by the distinguished Democratic The New York Times editorial reads Iraqi army was the decisive ground leader, Senator DASCHLE, or his des- thusly: battle in our gulf war efforts. In order ignee, and an hour of debate on that, The Senate’s duty cannot be canceled or to accept the President’s call to duty and we would then proceed to vote. truncated because of the campaign calendar. in the drug war, General McCaffrey That unanimous-consent request has Any certain date for terminating the hear- will retire form the Army: there is no been objected to. It seemed like a fair ings would encourage even more delay in greater indication of his love of coun- way to proceed to me. It is normal producing subpoenaed documents than the committee has endured since it started last try than this sacrifice to take on a new business. You bring up a resolution, July. The committee has been forced to challenge. you have a very fair procedure where await such events as the criminal trial next The extent of the drug war is well the other side can offer an alternative week of James McDougal, a Clinton business known and seems to have worsened and we can have a vote on that and partner in the failed Whitewater land ven- during the last few years, especially then proceed to vote on the resolution ture. among our young people. General as it is presented. That has been ob- No arguments about politics on either side McCaffrey’s recent responsibilities as jected to now about four times. We are can outweigh the fact that the White House commander of the Southern Command just trying to find a way to move this has yet to reveal the full facts about the land venture, the Clintons’ relationship to has plunged him into the counter- to a conclusion. Mr. McDougal’s banking activities, Hillary narcotics battle, experience which will This Whitewater committee has a job Rodham Clinton’s work as a lawyer on serve him well in his new post. Along to do. The American people understand Whitewater matters and the mysterious with his unquestioned moral authority that. They want the job to be done. But movements of documents between the Rose and leadership skills, this experience that job is not complete. It would have Law Firm, various basements and closets makes Gen. Barry McCaffrey uniquely been nice if it could have been wrapped and the Executive Mansion. The committee, qualified for this position. up a month ago, or today. But the work politics notwithstanding, has earned an in- I urge the Congress to assist our new is not completed. It is not completed definite extension. A Democratic filibuster against it would be silly stonewalling. drug czar in this fight in policy deter- partially because there has been this mination, financial commitment, and slow process. They talk about a percep- The New York Times is not exactly a moral leadership. Only by enlisting all tion of politics; how about a perception Republican National Committee publi- of us as soldiers in this war will the of coverup? cation. The New York Times is not the generals in the fight, such as General I can understand how there are docu- only newspaper which has expressed McCaffrey, be able to win the war on ments can be misplaced at one time similar views. There have been similar drugs. I wish my friend the best in his and then turn up, like the billing articles in the Washington Post. new position and it has been a singular records did in the private residence at So, I am a little surprised at what I honor for me to participate with my the White House. That is one example. have heard here today: that we’re drag- ging the investigation out; that White- friend, Senator NUNN, in introducing And then there are these documents General McCaffrey to the Judiciary that Mr. Gearan found. Then there are water is only about empty allegations Committee. the documents which Mr. Ickes found. I and politics. There are also these com- think that came out just in the last plaints that there is nothing really to f week or so. Whitewater. There is no ‘‘there, there,’’ LEGISLATIVE SESSION Every time it looks like all the docu- so to speak. ments that can be found have been I do not know all the details. But I do The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under found—and I am not on the committee; know this, that in connection with this the previous order, the Senate will re- I am just observing it as a normal matter, there have been numerous turn to legislative session. Member of the Senate would—and guilty pleas and indictments. David f when the Senate seems like it is get- Hale pleaded guilty on March 22 to two ting to the point where we could begin felony violations. Charles Matthews ORDER OF PROCEDURE to move to some conclusions, another pleaded guilty on June 23, 1994, to two Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, in antici- raft of papers just appears out of thin misdemeanor violations. Eugene pation of the visit by a foreign dig- air. Fitzhugh pleaded guilty on June 24, nitary, so that we can bring him to the I want to commend the chairman of 1994. Robert Palmer pleaded guilty on floor, I now observe the absence of a the Banking Committee. He has been December 5, 1994. Webster Hubbell quorum. diligent. He has been very calm in the pleaded guilty on December 6, 1994. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The way he has handled this committee. He Christopher Wade pleaded guilty on clerk will call the roll. has been very fair. Yet he is, on the one March 21, 1995. Neal Ainley pleaded The legislative clerk proceeded to hand, criticized because they have not guilty on May 2. Stephen SMITH plead- call the roll. had hearings every day and on the ed guilty on June 8. Larry Kuca plead- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- other criticized because of all that has ed guilty on July 13, 1995. imous consent that the order for the been done and all the documentation We have indictments on numerous quorum call be rescinded. that has been accumulated. I just felony counts of Mr. McDougal. Eleven The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without think he is entitled to some credit for felony indictments were handed down objection, it is so ordered. the very calm and methodical job that against Governor Tucker. You know, I Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, we will be has been done. do not think we can lightly dismiss all a few minutes yet before the foreign Those who want to say, well, it is of these things. dignitary will be able to visit with us politics, those who are opposed to ex- I acknowledge that these are sepa- in the Chamber, so I thought we would tending this hearing in the way that it rate proceedings that are being carried go ahead and proceed with the debate. should be extended, certainly you forth by the independent counsel’s of- So, I seek recognition to speak on the would think that they would have had fice. But as a matter of fact, the Sen- Whitewater committee extension. the Washington Post or New York ate has an even higher responsibility.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 We are not just looking at legal mat- and reach a conclusion. I am sure that I understand you have the cost of the ters; we are looking at broader ques- the administration, in many respects, independent counsels and the entire tions of misconduct, how Federal agen- is horrified at how some of this is being cost of some of these other investiga- cies or departments may have been handled. tions, and in this case you have the used, how certain Federal funds may or Let me say this, too. I served in the independent counsel going forward, but may not have wound up in campaigns. House for 16 years. I have been in the the committee itself has been very rea- So even aside from all this, if you can Senate 7 years. I was on the Judiciary sonable in what it has spent. just dismiss all this, you have to ask Committee during the Watergate hear- What they have asked in additional yourself, should not the committee be ings. Oh, yes, is it not amazing how the funds is only $600,000. You are talking looking at that and a lot of other mat- worm sort of turns over the years, de- about, based on that money, 3 months, ters that are surrounding this White- pending on which side of the aisle you 4 months maybe, and if the work is water affair? So, clearly, the com- are on. I remember Watergate, and I completed before then, it certainly mittee should have an extension of its watched the Iran-Contra hearings. I would have to be completed within 4 time well beyond February 29. watched the October surprise. I never months, but it could be done before Mr. SARBANES. Would the Senator figured out what the surprise was. I got then. yield? the answer. There was not any. And I want to know, when did this com- Mr. LOTT. I will yield, but I want to now some of those who were saying we mittee establish 96 to 3, by a vote of take note that I listened a long time to must get to the bottom of this, that we the Senate last year, to become a polit- the Senator’s statements without any cannot have a coverup, that we have to ical circus? What we are trying to do interruption. If the Senator would like go forward with this no matter what here is find out the facts, not facts as to ask a question or make a point. the cost, now they are saying, ‘‘Geez, determined by Republicans or Demo- Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator we need to cut this thing off; it costs crats, but what happened in this mat- would prefer that I wait, I will be too much, it looks political because of ter. There are a lot of questions that happy to. an election year.’’ If we had gotten all remain unanswered, as far as I can see. Mr. LOTT. Beg pardon? the evidence, if the special independent More and more this Whitewater af- Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator counsel had completed its work, maybe fair looks to me like a scheme to fund would prefer that I wait, I will be we could have completed it. dubious ventures illegally, perhaps happy to do that. I want to talk about the dollars, too. with some of the tab ultimately being Mr. LOTT. Would the Senator? Then Not only has the chairman done a very picked up by the taxpayer. These are I would be glad to respond to questions. calm, reasonable, fair job, he has also important issues, not flights of fancy. And I would like to address some to the been frugal. This committee has only To treat this investigation as anything distinguished chairman of the com- spent $950,000 in the 104th Congress, as less, as partisanship or vindictiveness, mittee because most Senators do not I understand it, through February 29. I is wrong. know the answers to some of these understand there might have been an So, Mr. President, let me just say the questions that are being asked out here amount that was actually done in the Whitewater investigation is not and today. I would like to ask those of you previous Congress, bringing the total should not be about politics. The com- who have been involved to respond to to like $1.3 million, I believe, and that mittee has found a tremendous amount those. is what the Democratic leader had said of information and facts that raise a Certainly, the Whitewater committee earlier. lot of questions. Some of those ques- should be extended beyond February 29. Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator will tions have not been answered yet, and Even my colleagues on the other side yield? the committee has done its job inex- of the aisle acknowledge this. But you Mr. LOTT. I will yield on that point. pensively and prudently. The truth want to put this arbitrary cutoff on it. Mr. SARBANES. This committee needs to get out. The Congress has a Regardless of what happens in the trial spent what was available to them. That job to do, no matter what happens with that is beginning next week, you want was the $950,000. the independent counsel. We need to to say by a date certain we are going to Mr. LOTT. That is going to relate to get through the public hearings. stop it no matter what happens in that what I am fixing to say. You talk If there is wrongdoing, then the judi- trial. about the cost. That is a very small ciary will get involved. The Senate’s I know some of the defendants maybe amount of money in doing its job, espe- role is limited. The job of Congress will be found innocent, or maybe they cially when you compare it to what constitutionally is not to prosecute but will be found guilty. Maybe there will these other committees spent. For in- to reveal. It is a place not only where be appeals. But we will find out. There stance, the select committees on Iran- the people rule, but where the people are witnesses, I presume, associated Contra spent well over $3 million, and hear. Through hearings and other with that trial that this committee has in 1996 dollars, it would probably be means, the Senate has and can con- not been able to have testify. $4.5 million on that investigation, ac- tinue to reveal what really happened in How can we say to the committee, cording to the Congressional Research Whitewater. For the good of the Presi- ‘‘Complete your work,’’ when they may Service. dency and for the good of the country, not have questioned some of the most The October surprise investigation we must find out. critical witnesses? Again, I do not cost up to $2.5 million, according to the Surely we can find a way to come to know what the end result will be. I do Congressional Budget Office. Chairman an agreement on the necessary funds to not know how long it will take. But I HYDE in the House, who served on the get this hearing done and completed in am uncomfortable, in view of the drib- investigating committee, said the total a reasonable way, but without artifi- bling out of information, with saying cost, including salaries and expenses, cial cutoffs. We will regret that if we you have to just stop it at some date amounted to probably as much as $4.56 do it. certain, like May 3. The minute you million. It may have been for a shorter Mr. President, I would like to address say this is the cutoff date, the way period of time, but the actual costs a couple of questions to the distin- things have transpired, what your were greater. guished chairman of the committee to guarantee is that there will be more According to the Congressional Re- clear up some of these things that withholding of information until that search Service, the total cost of White- some of the Members are wondering date arrives. water, including the independent coun- about and that I wonder about. I have some sympathy for the White sel, at this point has been $12,525,000. Obviously, documents have been House, in a way, because I am amazed Compare this $12.5 million to the $40 coming in fits and stops and not all the at how they handled this thing. They million in direct costs spent on Iran- documents that the committee subpoe- certainly have not helped this com- Contra. Some estimates place the total naed, but I just wonder and ask the mittee finish its work, even though the cost of Iran-Contra as high as $100 mil- chairman of the committee, what kind Whitewater affair is a blight on the ad- lion. Even the Watergate investigation, of cooperation have you received from ministration. Surely, it would be bet- in which I participated, is estimated to the White House? The White House ter if we could get it all out in the open have cost $26 million. keeps talking about the number of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1429 pages of documents. The Senator from Department did. They sent a team of attorney. That is why we brought him Maryland talked about this tremen- IRS agents in to comb the files for rel- in. When an attorney says tongue in dous, voluminous amount of material evant material. It is not what the cheek, like Mr. Jennings did—a smart that has been furnished to the com- White House did. They had a haphazard fellow—says, ‘‘I do not know what I am mittee, but have we received full co- handling of this, almost with the back- doing here,’’ come on, it is disingen- operation from the White House? Have of-the-hand attitude, designed—or cer- uous to come to the American people you received everything you have tainly if not designed, they should have and to the Senate and to say some wit- asked for? recognized that it certainly did not nesses did not even know why. Here is I yield to the Senator. comply with the spirit and intent of a smart lawyer, and he does not even Mr. D’AMATO. The Senator raised a what the President meant by prom- know who paid for him to come up very good point, because we have heard ising full cooperation. here. I have to tell you, it raises many ‘‘50,000 pages of documents being pro- Last but not least is the miraculous more questions than it answers. duced in response to requests,’’ but the production of the billing records—bill- It is this kind of delay and holding fact of the matter is, as Senator MACK ing records that are very essential to back that puts us here in this position. pointed out yesterday that it is not the analyze what Mrs. Clinton did or did You can pull out the letter and all of sheer quantity of documents that mat- not do for Madison. Where are they the conversations you want. I thought ter, it is the quality and relevance; for found? In the personal residence of the we would have this matter finished by example, documents that were under White House. I do not know how it got February 29. If we had the cooperation the jurisdiction of key people with the there. But I have to tell you, as our of witnesses, the White House, and oth- so-called Whitewater defense team, the friend from North Carolina, Senator ers, we could have wound this up. But group that was attempting to deal with LAUCH FAIRCLOTH, points out, that is we did not have the kind of cooperation press inquiries and other inquiries, one of the most secure places in the that the American people are entitled headed by Mr. Ickes. We just received world. He asked, tongue in cheek, ‘‘Did to. about 200 pages, literally, last week. the butler bring it there?’’ Who do you f Incredible. think had control of the billing records Now, we have requested that— of the Rose Law Firm? Who? It was not VISIT TO THE SENATE BY HIS Mr. LOTT. You received 200 pages this Senator. I do not know. Where do HIGHNESS SHEIKH JABER AL- just last week? you think they found them? They were AHMAD AL-JABER AL-SABAH, Mr. D’AMATO. That is right. found in the personal library of the AMIR OF THE STATE OF KU- Mr. LOTT. Where did those docu- First Family. Who brought them WAIT, AND MEMBERS OF THE ments come from? there? How did they get there? OFFICIAL KUWAITI DELEGATION Mr. D’AMATO. It was indicated they Our colleagues complain that we are RECESS were in a box, a file. He thought he bringing in witnesses unnecessarily. An Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask now maybe turned them over to his lawyer. attorney, Austin Jennings, was that the Senate recess for 2 minutes to Mr. LOTT. Who is he? brought in. Let me tell you why we receive His Highness Sheikh Jaber Al- Mr. D’AMATO. He is Mr. Ickes, dep- asked for that poor attorney to come Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Amir of the uty chief at the White House, and in in. It was because he came up to Wash- State of Kuwait. charge of this task force dealing with ington to meet with the Clintons’ per- There being no objection, the Senate, this Whitewater and Whitewater-re- sonal defense lawyer. Are we supposed at 4:44 p.m. recessed until 4:46 p.m.; lated matters. to talk to him by telephone? Why did whereupon, the Senate reassembled Let me say that the production of the Clinton’s attorney not do that? He when called to order by the Presiding those documents alone have raised was writing a book—this is a great Officer (Mr. GREGG). very interesting questions, and I have story—and he wanted to ascertain, was The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to think that there are many more doc- Mrs. Clinton a competent lawyer. uments—because the produced records Could you believe he flew from Little ator from Mississippi is recognized. contain information relating to Mr. Rock up here to the White House itself f Ickes tasking assignments out to dif- to meet with the Clintons’ personal WHITEWATER ferent people. You know something, we lawyer and Mrs. Clinton to spend 20 have not gotten any of those docu- minutes simply to say that, yes, if Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I know ments or any of the task reports from asked any questions, he would say she others wish to speak and ask questions. the other members of that so-called was a competent lawyer? He did not I will ask one more question at this White House defense team. But that is even know who paid for his trip. You time. I think it is really the key ques- only one individual. want to talk about disingenuous. I tion that we had asked in answer to the With Mark Gearan several weeks ago, think it is disingenuous to ask why we objections we are hearing from the former White House communications asked this poor gentlemen to come other side of the aisle. director, the same kind of event. He here. Incredible. Sympathy and sop? There have been complaints that the claims that the documents were not Come on. Let us level somewhat. chairman’s request does not set up an found because he put them in a box I have to tell you something. The end date for the investigation. I as- while he was packing. He was going to fact of the matter is that Mr. Jennings sume he has some very good reasons head the Peace Corps, and he thought was Seth Ward’s attorney. Who is Seth for that. Why can we not say that the mistakenly that they had been turned Ward? If my friends want to debate investigation will end on such and such over. An inadvertence. Interesting. Be- this, we will bring out what the com- a date? Why is May 3 or May 31 not an cause he is another member of the de- mittee has been doing on this floor. If acceptable date? fense team. you want to do it for 10 hours, we will Mr. D’AMATO. That is a very valid Guess what? Again, just several do it for 10 hours. If you want to do it point and question. Also, again, when weeks ago, the same thing. This time for 20 hours, we will do it for 20 hours, one looks at the contention that we Mr. Waldman, another member of the and we will spell it out. have looked for an indefinite, ad infi- defense team, finds documents. Again, Seth Ward is Webb Hubbell’s father- nitum extension, that fails to take into it relates to specifically Whitewater- in-law, and he participated in Castle account that we have asked for a finite related matters. No question. I have to Grande, the biggest of Madison Guar- amount of money, up to $600,000. But if tell you, it does lead one to believe— anty’s sham deals—a $3.8 million loss. we get into the situation where we can- even if one were to accept that these By the way, Mrs. Clinton, when asked not get certain witnesses, because their were just accidental—these are delays by various investigative agencies of the lawyers seek—as has been spelled out that are no fault of the committee. Government, gave indications that she in a book called ‘‘Men of Zeal,’’ where What about the manner in which the did not know about Castle Grande. She they talk about what happens if you fix White House conducted an investiga- heard it referred to by a different a date for the end of an investigation tion to get the documents? Let me give name. She had 15 conversations with or the work of the committee. Exactly you an example of what the Treasury Seth Ward. Jennings was Seth Ward’s what we are confronting today is what

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 our colleague, Senator Mitchell, the I suggest that if that is anything, it gotiations as it related to scope and former Democratic leader, and Senator is an indication of the Senator’s good breadth. In only one case did we not COHEN warned us about: there will be will in not attempting—and lack of po- agree upon the breadth and scope of lawyers who use the deadline as a tar- litical motivation—in not attempting the subpoenas. We agreed on every get time, and delay their clients from to pull them in here and say the devil other one of them. coming forward; and there will be bu- may care, we do not care about that It is disingenuous to come out and reaucratic stalling. It is stated quite trial, I want somebody to come in here say officially they requested a far- explicitly in here. This is the result of and make accusations against the reaching subpoena. That happens and hard deadlines. President and the First Lady. I did not is part of the process in negotiating. He says: ‘‘The committee’s deadline go in that direction. I think I chose to We did negotiate. The one exception provided a convenient stratagem for act in a responsible manner in accord- was the case where we had to come to those who were determined not to co- ance with the request of the special this body and vote the enforcement of operate. Bureaucrats in some agencies counsel. Yes, I wanted Mr. Hale to a subpoena and then, miraculously, we appeared to be attempting to thwart come in, but indeed the special counsel get the documents on a Friday after- the investigative process by delivering was able to make a convincing argu- noon. It’s always on a Friday, by the documents at an extraordinarily slow ment, and I think we did the right way, most of these documents appear pace.’’ thing. Friday afternoons; they get the least My gosh, if that is not exactly what What would they have said, what press. is taking place. We have experienced would this body have said if I asked to Want to talk about politics? Talk that. If we want to guarantee that immunize David Hale? They would about politics in the White House an- stratagem will continue, just put on a have risen up, by the Democratic lead- swers. When we ask for documents, let date certain and we will see that take ership, calling me and accusing me of me tell you what the White House, Mr. place. all kinds of things, and would have Fabiani of the White House says, ‘‘Tell Last, it says, ‘‘perhaps more impor- said, ‘‘What are you doing? You want Senator D’AMATO and one of his fat tant, the deadline provided critical le- to immunize a crook and a thief to cats to pay for the production of verage for attorneys of witnesses in have him make accusations?’’ Think them.’’ Is that the kind of response dealing with the committee on whether about it. Come on. Let me ask the that the Senate and the committee is their clients would appear without im- question. What are you hiding? What entitled to when we ask for electronic munity and when in the process they are you afraid of? Why do you not want e-mail? ‘‘Tell the Senator and his fat might be called.’’ the facts to come out? cats to pay for it.’’ We have key witnesses that we want The New York Times says that, and Want to talk about crude political to appear. And I joined with Senator this is what most responsible news- assassination? How about the team SARBANES in trying to bring a key wit- paper editorials are saying. When you that they had over there, Mr. ness, Judge David Hale, before the suggest that we are asking for an un- Waldman, who was assigned a task to committee. Indeed, the Senator quotes limited period of time, that is not what get information, to get dirt, on Senator a letter of October 2—but he does not we say. We couch it in terms of no D’AMATO, on White House time, and read all of it—in which we said to the more than or up to $600,000. But if we then send it over to the Democratic special prosecutor, who objected to us spell out, I say to my friend, a specific Committee. Is that what we are in- calling Mr. Hale in, ‘‘having deter- time certain, by gosh, everything that volved in? Want to talk about a low mined that the Senate must now move has taken place in terms of the pro- down kind of thing—that is fact. That forward the special committee,’’ we crastination, in terms of the docu- is fact. were going to bring various witnesses ments that find their way—oh, I just Now, look, I never intended nor did I in. ‘‘We will, of course, continue to found it in this book. Can you imagine, wish for this hearing, these investiga- make every effort to coordinate where trained lawyers who are in charge of tions, to go into the political season. practicable activities with those of defending the White House giving us Had we had cooperation and had we your investigation.’’ We say ‘‘we stand this drivel—drivel—that they were not been able to get some of the witnesses ready to take into account consistent aware that the documents were not in, we would not have to be asking for with the objectives set forth your turned over, documents setting out, that. Had we not been precluded from views with regard to the timing of such tasking other members of the White some of the witnesses we could have private depositions and public testi- House at the highest levels, what to do even made our request such that we mony of particular witnesses.’’ as it related to Whitewater. will examine only these witnesses that You have to read the whole letter to This was the very man charged with we have not had access to. I did not understand it and you have to under- the responsibility of mastering and delay the production of these docu- stand that there were briefings subse- bringing the very forces together—Mr. ments. The committee was not respon- quent to this letter in which counsel Ickes, Deputy Chief of Staff of the sible for the miraculous production of for the minority and the majority were White House. I could just imagine if the billing records that showed up in advised as to the problems related to my friends and colleagues were in the the White House. bringing Mr. Hale in. If somebody majority and that was the Bush admin- The fact of the matter is that we wants to impugn the motives of the istration, and that was the manner in have encountered a far different situa- committee for not bringing him in, I which their Chief of Staff was respond- tion than has been promised to us. The say why would I not want to? I did not ing—Deputy Chief of Staff—on a par- President promises cooperation. Those want, first, to have a situation where ticular matter. We are not talking who carry out the President’s wishes we jeopardized the trial that would be about one instance or two instances. have stalled, have delayed, have been taking place, which is starting this This is repeat; a pattern. engaged in dilatory tactics. I will at a coming week; and second, to have lost Want to talk about delay? We, unfor- certain point in time elucidate on the opportunity, probably for all times, tunately, were delayed for weeks and those and touch on those with definite- to get the cooperation of Mr. Hale. I weeks because we had to battle over ness. If, indeed, they think that by the know that there are some in this body documents being produced and we had political attacks upon the committee who may not really want Mr. Hale to to vote subpoenas and come to the or upon the chairman that they are come in and testify, because, indeed, if floor of the Senate. Who occasioned going to dissuade us from doing our he testifies, as there have been indica- that political debacle? Who is it that job, and that is to get the facts, they tions, that he was asked—or even created that political firestorm? We are wrong. more, told—to make a $300,000 loan to are always tested. Weeks and weeks I suggest that we call a truce, call a Susan McDougal by the then Governor, and months and months of negotia- truce to the politicization of this, and it would seem to me that there are tions behind the scene. My friend say we will agree to get the facts and some who would not be very anxious brings out and says these subpoenas work together. We have demonstrated for that to be uttered publicly, in view are so far reaching. He knows that we can do that. I have no doubt that of the American people. those were, indeed, the preliminary ne- some of my colleagues are placed in a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1431 very awkward position. I do not think less than what I understand was spent committee really is just getting start- they like what they are doing and say- on Watergate. So what is your point? ed with this work. You have not start- ing—some of the things that they say. Mr. SARBANES. Of course Iran- ed finding out some of the answers that I think they are almost forced to do it. Contra involved sending investigators are still pending out there. I think they are compelled to do it by overseas, if you recall, both to the Mid- I do not want to ask a whole series of an administration that seems to be to- dle East and to South America. questions. Maybe some more will be tally bent on keeping the facts from Mr. LOTT. It might have been easier asked by the Senator from New Mex- coming to the people, an administra- to get what you are looking for than ico. But there are other questions tion that says, ‘‘We don’t care.’’ Why what we experienced in the White- pending. You have not started to write do you not care what the public water. I do not know. the report. We do not know what is thinks? Why are they not entitled to Mr. SARBANES. That is the next going to be the result of this trial down the truth? What is it that lurks behind point I want to address. The fact of the there. that stone wall that has been con- matter is the committee has now re- Mr. SARBANES. We got the Gearan structed? We have not had cooperation. ceived from the White House virtually notes. We held a day of hearings with Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask, then, everything that has been requested. Gearan. We had nothing substantially that we go ahead and vote to pass this There are a couple of weeks—— new and the same thing happened with resolution, stop the filibuster, find a Mr. LOTT. Voila. Maybe that is true. Ickes. We got the notes. We held the way to get an agreement to go forward I do not know. I do not know if the hearing on both of them. In both in- with these hearings, find the informa- committee even knows that. All I do stances we received the notes and the tion that we need to draw the conclu- know is there has continued to be this hearings have been held. sion to the hearings. I think that can drizzle of information. The Senator Mr. LOTT. Is that a question or a be done. I hope we will seek to find surely feels discomforted by the way statement? that process. I yield the floor. documents have appeared in various Mr. SARBANES. No; it is a response Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator places, at the White House, in boxes at to the point you just made. yield for some questions? the Peace Corps, and Vice Chief of Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I think the Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I apologize Staff. Senator from New Mexico would like to to the Senator from New Mexico but I Mr. SARBANES. Let me give one ex- get into this with some questions and a indicated earlier I would be glad to ample. Gearan came before us and he statement. I yield the floor at this yield for some questions, so I would said this is how this happened. I time. like to be able to do that. thought it was a plausible statement, Several Senators addressed the Mr. DOMENICI. Absolutely. frankly. I mean, Gearan said when he Chair. Mr. LOTT. I yield to the Senator packed up to go over to the Peace The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. from Maryland for a question. Corps his file was put in that box unbe- ABRAHAM). The Senator from New Mex- Mr. SARBANES. First, the Senator known to him and he did not find it ico. indicated, as I understood it, the costs over there. When he found it he tried to Mr. DOMENICI. I wonder, Senator of the independent counsel were $12 get it back into the loop. I think that D’AMATO, would you answer the last million, is that correct? is a plausible statement. question? I am asking it of you now. Mr. LOTT. According to the informa- You have to judge it on your own. Mr. D’AMATO. Yes, the Gearan notes tion I have from the Congressional Re- But the fact is, the documents have indicate quite a few things that we did search Service, the total cost of White- been provided in the end. The fact that not know. They indicated—— water to that point is $12,525,582. That there was a deadline—— Mr. SARBANES. Could I ask the Sen- is the congressional investigation plus Mr. LOTT. Do we know that is all of ator a question? the investigation of Robert Fiske and them? There was another group of pa- Mr. D’AMATO. They indicated an at- Kenneth Starr to this point. I have pers that came to the committee just titude of the Deputy Chief of Staff and heard various estimates from several last week, 200 pages, not from Gearan others, but certainly the Deputy Chief sources, all the way up to $25 or $30 but from Ickes. If it were one example, of Staff, that they were concerned, million, but that is the information I or maybe two—but three? I am not on very concerned. And they characterized got from the Congressional Research the committee. The committee tells in very descriptive language what pro- Service. If it is more than that, I would us, tells the Senators. Is this all the fessionals, civil servants at the Justice be glad to get that information, but documentation or not? I do not know. I Department, were doing. And they did that is not what I have. am under the impression there is rea- not like it. They did not say they are Mr. SARBANES. I just want to put son to believe maybe there is more in- doing a professional job. They said, in on the record, because I think it is im- formation that we should try to obtain. essence, they are working us over. He portant to keep it accurate if we can, Maybe there is information, even from is a bad guy. That is what we find in that the GAO did a financial audit. It the independent counsel, that that the Gearan notes. does periodic financial audit reports. might be available at some point. But We find a whole series of meetings The audit report for the period Janu- we are not even going to be able to that we were not aware of. No one ary 1994, which is when Fiske began, to look at any of that? came in and told us that we met on March 1995, by the GAO, was $14,600,000. Mr. SARBANES. No; the independent this day and the next day and we met In addition, an estimate has been counsel is not able to make his infor- in the morning and we met in the made from the period subsequent to mation available to us, under grand afternoon. Oh, no. We learned there- March 1995. In other words, April 1995 jury requirements. Certainly the Sen- after that various tasks are given out. to January 1996. Based on the level ator—— And I have reason to believe, as it re- that they were following at the end of Mr. LOTT. That is the point. I as- lates to the question that was asked, I the previous period—and, of course, the sume at some point—— say to the Senator, by the distin- independent counsel has, in fact, inten- Mr. SARBANES. Are you suggesting guished Senator from Mississippi, Sen- sified his efforts, but that is not taken we should transgress those? ator LOTT, that, indeed, there very well into account—that figure would be $11 Mr. LOTT. I am suggesting at some may be—and I would suspect there million, which would give you a total point his work will be completed and are—substantial documents that have of $25,600,000. some of what he has may, in fact, be not been turned over to this committee Mr. LOTT. I believe, to respond to available to the committee. I do not or that may have been discarded delib- that, we could probably argue back and know to what extent. But I am just ex- erately, particularly by that team, forth about what the accurate number pressing a concern about how we just that so-called Whitewater team. I can- is. The source that I have here, Con- go ahead and wrap it up in 30 days and not believe that we have only received gressional Research Service, versus say we are done with it when there ap- documents from a handful of them. GAO. But I still say that is probably pears to be—in fact, when I look at Where is it? Where are they? What just barely more than half what was this, from what I am hearing and what happened to those tasks? What did spent on Iran-Contra. And that is still I have heard, it looks to me like the they do? What were their responses to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 the tasks, very carefully enumerated? Mr. SARBANES. Summer of 1994. President. And if the other side of the We will go through that. Mr. DOMENICI. That is what I was aisle does not agree that this investiga- Last, but not least, I think it is rath- just told by counsel. That the hearing tion ought to go forward, they are er interesting that the First Lady took place 2 years ago has nothing to harming our President. That is who turns up at, I believe, the first meet- do with whether he should believe what they are harming, because it is not ing—I may be wrong—the first meet- was in his diary. When we asked him, going to go away. I do not know of a ing. And according to Mr. Gearan’s he had the diary put in front of him. single Member on this side of the aisle notes: Oh, this looks like a meeting I There is also another one. There is who thinks this is going to go away. would like to attend or that I would be April Breslaw. This is a good one. This And I would think, in fairness, there interested in. witness refused to even verify that her are many on that side who know they No, let us not let it be said that these own voice on a tape recording was ac- ought to extend this committee’s work. were just casual, indifferent, that these tually hers. That is the kind of thing They can get up on the other side, were notes that had no meaning. They this chairman, this committee, and the whether it is my friend from Maryland reflected a pattern of concern, of fear, competent staff had to go through day or whomever, and say, Senator of absolutely disdain, in some cases, for after day with White House witnesses. D’AMATO is asking for too much. As I the work that professionals at the Jus- Why do I say that to the American understand it, he is asking for $600,000, tice Department were undertaking. people? I guarantee you that is what which is probably between 3 and 4 So, to your question, Senator DOMEN- makes hearings go on forever. Hearings months of effort at most, and then the ICI, they were very revealing and re- go on forever when you have to bring committee would run out of money. vealed facts that we were not aware of, in extra witnesses to verify facts, when Why did he choose not to agree to a facts that we are still pursuing. you have to bring in another witness to date certain? Because he has now been Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise verify the verifier, and then some wit- informed by those who have under- for just a few minutes today to talk nesses only know part of the truth, and taken investigations before him that to about this Whitewater issue. I will others do not remember anything. agree to a date certain invites more take very little time. That takes time. It takes energy. That delays. So essentially this is not open I think I should say to my friends on takes competent legal counsel. That is ended because the committee will be the other side of the aisle that I believe one reason—because the huge entou- out of money soon—in 2 or 3 months. they are making a very big mistake. I rage of witnesses were about as dif- I can recite lots of facts about the can tell you that, if they intend to pre- ficult as you will find in terms of vol- Whitewater investigation. I can come clude us from bringing this resolution unteering information and getting it down next time and give my friend, to the floor and they intend to use that on the RECORD, getting it straight, and Senator D’AMATO, a couple of hours tool called filibuster, the American getting it right the first time. here. I will read some transcripts, and And the second reason we need an ex- people are going to get their ears and I will put them in the RECORD, and we eyes filled with Whitewater. However, tension—it will come out in huge pano- will see why it was so tough to get it will not be in the records of the rama for the American people, if the things accomplished and why the in- Whitewater Committee. It will be here other side chooses to filibuster this—is vestigation is not concluded. And we on the Senate floor, and, frankly, what that the White House and the White will see whose fault it is. House staff are more responsible than they are going to hear they are not But, frankly, I believe the Demo- anyone else for this committee being going to like. cratic leader ought to sit down with What they are going to hear is going unable to get its work done. Let me the Republican leader, Senator Al to convince them, I say to my friend tell you why. D’AMATO, and the distinguished Sen- from Maryland, that the reason this It came as a shock when, after sub- ator from Maryland. They ought to de- committee needs more time is not be- poenas had been outstanding for a cou- cide and reach an agreement on how we cause of Chairman AL D’AMATO of New ple of years, all of a sudden just before should continue these hearings. York taking too much time, being too a witness is supposed to testify, they But we should not take a week in slow, not doing enough work, and not find documents in the White House. this Chamber exposing what is going working the committee and his staff Let me tell you, that makes for pro- on in these hearings, but I guarantee hard enough. That is pure bunk. There longed hearings. When that evidence for those who want to do it, the Presi- are reasons why we are still here and should have been available for months, dent is not going to win. The President there are plain and simple reasons why Mr. Ickes finds 200 pages of evidence is not going to win that debate. If they we need more time: This is about the just before he has to appear. These files think the American people are going to toughest committee investigation you and notes in some miraculous way all end up saying, ‘‘Hurrah, hurrah, we will ever find. of a sudden became relevant and re- Why? The first reason is because wit- sponsive to the subpoena. That costs should stop these hearings,’’ let me tell nesses are telling half-truths all over time and exacerbates the delay. If that you, they are mistaken. They are going the place. Witnesses are losing their had been produced when it was sup- to end up saying, ‘‘What’s the matter recollection in a way which would posed to have been produced, it would with that White House? What’s the make you think that a wave of amne- have been analyzed and these hearings matter with all those people? And all sia has begun to affect young people. could have been over with. that time and effort spent at the White Witnesses cannot remember anything. I am merely telling those listening House on Whitewater. Something is In fact, I cite the testimony of just two just who is to blame for the delay. And fishy.’’ They are going to say, ‘‘Some- of them. We had one witness, Josh that is just a little part of this debate. thing is being covered up.’’ Steiner. He was the chief of staff for But anyone who blames the committee, I came down to suggest that and to the Secretary of the Treasury at one the committee’s chief counsel—counsel support the chairman. I happen to be point. This young fellow claimed that extraordinaire, in my opinion—for this on this committee. I am not a long- he could not believe his own diary. dilemma will find more things in this time member. I have been here a long Imagine that. RECORD to justify our committee and time but not on the committee. But I So people had to spend time getting its counsel’s competency and ability think the committee has done a very to other witnesses and bringing them than anybody has ever thought could good job. I do not think that in the de- in to verify because he could not be- be put before the Senate. bate over this extension that anyone lieve his own diary. If they want to bring Whitewater ought to come down here and add onto Mr. SARBANES. When was that here and keep it on the Senate floor for this record indications that the com- hearing on Steiner? a week, then people are going to hear mittee is in any way to blame for the Mr. DOMENICI. That was the very what happened in the course of this in- delays that have been caused. first part of the hearings. vestigation. It has been locked up in a I yield the floor. Mr. SARBANES. When? committee. It will be unlocked here be- Mr. PRYOR addressed the Chair. Mr. DOMENICI. Summer of 1994. I fore the American people, and they are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- was there for that. So I know that. going to pass judgment, I tell you, Mr. ator from Arkansas.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1433 Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Where did they find it? They found it from Arkansas yield to me for just a ator from Arkansas. on the third floor of the White House moment. Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, who has living quarters. Mr. PRYOR. I will be glad to yield. the floor? Even when the document was not de- Mr. SARBANES. I wish to point out The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- livered to the investigators, as the sub- to the Senator from New Mexico that ator from Arkansas has the floor. poena called for—not delivered—Ms. this committee held 1 day of hearings Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, let me Prescott told President Bush of her dis- in the last 9 days leading up to the end also respond to my friend from New covery and said she believed it was rel- of our time. The Iran-Contra Com- Mexico. evant to the latest then-counsel re- mittee held hearings in 8 of the last 9 Earlier in the afternoon, we did a quest. The President said he directed days leading up to the end of its time. very quick summary of what the Sen- Your leader, Senator DOLE, with re- ate has done in the year 1996 as com- Ms. Prescott to have the Presidential spect to the Iran-Contra Committee, pared to 1995. In fact, I do not have counsel at that time, C. Boyden Gray— insisted that it have a timeframe be- that sheet before me, but I think we we all remember—‘‘sort it out.’’ That cause, he said, it would not be fair to have had—if I am not mistaken, I was December 1992, after the election, run that inquiry into the 1988 political think the Senate this year, in 1996, has after the election when Mr. Clinton had year. The Democrats in the Congress, had 21 votes, total. In 1995, we had had won and Mr. Bush had lost. I do not led by Chairman HAMILTON and Chair- 97 votes up until this time. So basi- think that the diary was ever turned man INOUYE from the Senate, agreed cally, the Senate, except for the White- over to the investigators. If it was, I do with that. They provided a time limit, water operation, has been pretty well, not have any knowledge of it. and then they met almost around the let us say, called to a halt. I do not recall my friend from New clock over the last month. They held 21 We have been waiting for all the pri- Mexico or my friend from New York days of hearings in the last month in maries to get over, and we have been ever coming to the floor of this Senate order to complete their work. Now, it accommodating. We have been coopera- and saying, ‘‘Oh, my goodness, this has was your leader who pressed that case tive, et cetera. been a terrible transgression; this has Also, I think earlier in the after- very hard. And the Democrats re- been a terrible obstruction of justice.’’ noon—I do not know if our friend from sponded to it, in all fairness. Now, this George Bush did not present his diary New Mexico was here—talking about situation is in complete contrast. to the subpoena’s call and request for Mr. DOMENICI. I assume the Senator the lack of cooperation from the White that diary. is asking for an observation or com- House—I hope, Mr. President, my friend will listen to this—this com- So I just think we ought to put ment on my part. things in perspective. I think we ought Let me say to my friend from Mary- mittee has requested all documents covering an 18-month period—listen to to talk about how this White House has land, I just want to repeat, I do not cooperated—45,000 pages of statements think that this committee has been in- this, please—any communication of any kind relating to any subject be- and testimony and records have been tentionally dilatory. I do not think for turned over from the White House to a minute that Senator AL D’AMATO tween the President, First Lady, any present or former White House em- this committee. They deposed 202 per- wants to use this to carry it into the sons; 121 witnesses have testified to Presidential election. Frankly, I look ployee, and any employee of the RTC and several dozen named individuals. this date before the Committee on back at the last 3 months and I kind of Whitewater, and the examination, as I wonder how he was able to hold as The next group, the committee author- ized a subpoena asking for all tele- have said, of thousands and thousands many hearings as he did. I look at what and thousands of pages. has happened in the Senate during phone calls—I heard the Senator from most of that time. We had more votes New Mexico, my friend, a while ago We on our side of the aisle think that during a 2- or 3-week period than we talking about his own area code. What we have proposed a reasonable solution have ever had. is that area code? to this so-called impasse, a reasonable Mr. SARBANES. That is not accu- Mr. DOMENICI. 505. solution. April 3, continue with our rate, I say to the Senator. Mr. PRYOR. 505. Arkansas is 501. The hearings until April 3, and then allow Mr. DOMENICI. I do not mean in the committee authorized a subpoena ask- the Whitewater Committee to, at that committee. I mean in December in the ing for every telephone call from the time, write a report and submit that Senate. White House in Washington, DC, to any report to the Congress and to the pub- Mr. SARBANES. I understand. In area code 501 number, the entire State lic on its findings and any rec- January and February, when we urged of Arkansas, for a 7-month period. ommendations that it might have. Third, they asked, above and beyond the committee to do an intensified Then after that, any and all informa- the committee’s already overbroad au- schedule, when the Senate was not tion, I assume, would be turned over to thorization, the majority staff unilat- holding floor sessions and not voting, the special counsel, Mr. Kenneth Starr, erally, unilaterally issued a subpoena over that 2-month period we held only who is in Little Rock, AR. I am sure he for all White House telephone calls 15 hearings. The Iran-Contra Com- would love to receive all of these from any White House telephone or mittee in a month’s time held 21 hear- truckloads of information that will be communications device for a 7-month ings. So during that period, January driven from Washington, DC, down to period in 1993 to anywhere in the coun- and February—in other words, the last Little Rock and deposited in Mr. try. This is the type of documentation 2 months of this committee’s exist- Starr’s office, including all of the tele- the committee is trying to force the ence— phone logs, all of the telephone Mr. DOMENICI. We had a blizzard. White House to come up with. Now, it is my understanding that the records, and even the subpoena for Nobody could get around for a week. Chelsea Clinton’s nanny. I am sure he Mr. SARBANES. The schedule committee is trying to get all of the e- would enjoy seeing that subpoena, too. ground down. It did not intensify. And mail messages from the White House. over the last 10 days we have only had Well, I would say to my friend from It is my understanding that there is 1 day of hearings. New Mexico, I think that this White a whole new list now out that the Mr. DOMENICI. I almost welcome House has been extremely cooperative, chairman wants to bring before the this, and I am not in a position to do and you know it was not just but a Whitewater committee, people who this right now, but if we continue this very few years ago when, in September have no way to pay their legal bills, I will ask counsel for this committee to 1992, after a subpoena, after a subpoena people who have no way to pay the prepare a work product evaluation for had been issued in the Iran-Contra af- costs of coming, mostly from Arkan- the last 90 days of what the staff of this fair, you might remember because the sas, to Washington, DC, and back. committee has gone through to try to Senator was certainly here at that Mr. President, I think we have to get this moving, and we will produce it time, as this Senator was present, in talk some sense into this matter. I here. And anybody who thinks there September 1992, an administrative staff think we have made a reasonable offer. has been intentional delay is truly not assistant, Patty Prescott, found I am very hopeful that our colleagues paying close attention to this situa- George Bush’s diary, President Bush’s on the other side will consider that tion. diary which was under subpoena. offer.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 I have one other thing I wanted to many times they say, ‘‘I don’t know’’ Actually the report on February 16, place in the RECORD. But should my or, ‘‘I don’t recall.’’ 1996, reads: friend desire to ask a question, I will Let me ask my friend from New Mex- Four days into the new year of 1994, top yield for a question. ico, what was the Senator doing 12 White House aides gathered in the office of Mr. DOMENICI. First, let me just say years ago? I am asking my friend, what then Chief of Staff Thomas F. ‘‘Mack’’ that we are going to miss him when he was the Senator doing 12 years ago McLarty for the first meeting of the White- leaves the Senate. today? water response team. Mr. PRYOR. I thank the Senator. Mr. DOMENICI. Let us see, 12 years You could take the story from Janu- Mr. DOMENICI. I appreciate the ago. ary 1994 and the story written after our manner and demeanor he uses in situa- Mr. PRYOR. Yes, 12 years ago today. hearing, and they are virtually the tions like this. It is pretty obvious he Does the Senator recall who he talked same. Yet this is portrayed as though has been a loyal friend of the President to on the telephone? something new has been revealed or for a long time. I respect him for that. Mr. DOMENICI. I was probably cam- discovered. This sort of process is going Nothing I said here on the floor had paigning for reelection. on all the time. Members need to un- anything whatsoever to do with a lack Mr. PRYOR. The Senator was prob- derstand that. I thank the Senator for of cooperation. You can have coopera- ably campaigning, but he does not re- yielding. tion, but what is the quality of the in- call specifically? Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I am formation provided by those who are Mr. DOMENICI. If I had a chance to going to yield in just a moment. I have told to cooperate? look at all my records and prepare for only a few more points I wish to make. Frankly, I say to the Senator, I be- a deposition, I probably could recall I would like to read, if I might, Mr. lieve that when Mr. Ickes just recently, something. President, a few sentences from a Feb- 2 weeks ago, all of a sudden discovered Mr. D’AMATO. What if the Senator ruary 15 editorial from the Atlanta 200 documents that had been under sub- had a diary? Constitution. This editorial begins by poena for a long time, and going Mr. DOMENICI. Maybe if I had a saying, ‘‘The Senate’s Watergate hear- through the transcripts and finding the diary. Everybody knows I do not have a ings of 1973–1974’’—Watergate hear- large number of ‘‘I don’t remembers’’ diary. ings—‘‘were momentous, delving into and the number of people forgetting Mr. PRYOR. I was trying to bring White House abuses into power, leading things that hardly anybody could for- brevity. Some of these events happened to the resignation of a disgraced Presi- get, not believing they are on tape re- 10, 12, 15 years ago, a decade ago, 6 and dent, and the imprisonment of many of corders even if they are, and saying, 7 and 8 years ago. A lot of these people his aides. That lasted 279 days. Next ‘‘That is not me’’—when you have all did not have an associate or maybe week Senator ALFONSE D’AMATO’’—I that, it is pretty obvious that the com- someone we might call a staff person to want my friend to know that I am mittee is having difficulty getting keep a diary, to keep a phone log, to mentioning his name, and I do not facts and getting to a conclusion. keep records for them. And they are want him to think I am abusing his It is in that context that I speak here trying, to the very best of their ability, name; I am simply reading from the today. Frankly, you all have made an to come up here and tell the truth as editorial—‘‘next week Senator offer from the other side. You think it they know the truth. Yet, many times ALFONSE D’AMATO, Republican, New is reasonable. The chairman and his they appear to be badgered before the York, and his fellow Whitewater inves- legal counsel, who know more about it committee day after day. Sometimes tigators, will surpass that mark. than I do, think it is unreasonable. they are attempting to answer the Today,’’ which was February 15, ‘‘is the Somewhere between what you have question, and the counsel will not even 275th day.’’ presented and some other proposition give them that opportunity. I would The Watergate hearings went 279 may be where we ought to end up. just—— days. And we have already surpassed But all I wanted the Senator to know Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator probably almost 280 days. ‘‘And they is that there are a lot of Senators on yield? have nothing anywhere near conclusive this side, who I think are fair-minded Mr. PRYOR. I would be glad to. to show for their labors. To put mat- people and worried about many of Mr. SARBANES. One of the things ters in context, all they have to do is those staff and their legal bills. I read that is happening—and I think this ponder a fairly obscure 1980’s real es- in the paper about it. I am not one run- needs to be understood—is that we get tate and banking scandal in Arkan- ning around here saying they should notes and testimony, and then it is sas.’’ not find resources to help them. I know treated as though it is some new dis- Let me interject here, Mr. President. about that kind of stuff. I am for try- covery. ‘‘Oh, we found out something President and Mrs. Clinton made an in- ing to let them find resources to help that no one knew anything about.’’ For vestment, and it went sour. They lost with their bills. But that does not example, when Mr. Ickes came in, a lot everything in that investment that mean this committee is to blame for of focus was on the fact that there was they made. I do not know what it was, the kind of slipshod efforts that have this damage control squad to deal with $50,000 or $60,000, $30,000. I am not sure gone on with reference to the type of the Whitewater matter set up in early how much they lost. cooperation that the President obvi- 1994 and that he was the head of it. What would have happened had they ously told them to give to this com- So this is treated in the hearings— made that much money in this invest- mittee. and it has been done here on the floor ment or had they made $500,000? We Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, if I may as well today—as a major revelation, a would have really seen a momentous respond now that I have the floor. I new sort of breakthrough in discovery explosion. But they lost money, and want to thank my friend from New of facts that has been made. they show that they lost that money. Mexico. I have loved serving in this This is from the Washington Post, Reading further: body. I have enjoyed so much my serv- January 7, 1994: With the February 29 expiration date for ice with the distinguished Senator With the start of the new year, the White the special panel staring him in the face, from New Mexico and the Senator from House launched a major internal effort to D’Amato has the effrontery to ask the Sen- fight back against mounting criticism of the New York and my colleagues on both ate for more time and more money to con- way it has handled inquiries into President tinue drilling dry investigative holes. Spe- sides of the aisle. It has been a hope Clinton’s Arkansas land investments. A cifically, he wants open-ended authority and and a dream that I have hoped for all of high-powered damage control squad was ap- another $600,000. That’s on top of the $950,000 my life. I have been one of the fortu- pointed under the direction of new Deputy his committee has spent so far, plus $400,000 nate 1,800 and some odd people who Chief of Staff, Harold Ickes, and daily strat- that was devoted to a Senate Banking Com- have had this great privilege. So I egy sessions began. mittee inquiry into Whitewater in 1994. thank my colleague very much. This article was in January 1994, re- Mr. President, I conclude with the But the Senator and several of our porting on this matter. Then we hold a last paragraph of this editorial: colleagues have made reference during hearing, we get these notes, and this is The First Couple is still under investiga- the discussion this afternoon of how treated as though some major revela- tion by independent counsel, Kenneth Starr, many times witnesses forget, how tion has been discovered. a former Reagan Justice Department official

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1435 who can be expected to scrutinize the Clin- So it is not accurate to suggest that Mr. D’AMATO. I watched you now for ton’s legal and business affairs rigorously. the committee has not been diligent, quite a period of time. I have not inter- Any additional sleuthing by Mr. D’Amato notwithstanding that there may have rupted you. When I yield the floor, would be a waste of taxpayer money. been a period of time when we have not then you can ask whatever questions That comes from the Atlanta Con- had many public hearings. you wish. If I am here, I will attempt stitution. Again, as it relates to the various to answer them. An editorial that appeared yesterday editorials, I will speak to some of The fact of the matter is that there in, I believe, the Washington Post them, but I will tell you that when you has been a persistent pattern of delay, states, and I read: find most of the Gannett chain, when obfuscation and deliberate memory Senator Christopher Dodd of Connecticut you find the Los Angeles Times, when loss. When this matter gets to the floor reluctantly agreed to renewal of the Senate you find the New York Times, when next week, we will go through it. Whitewater committee’s expiring mandates, you find the Washington Post and oth- We will go through, for example, inci- suggesting limiting the extension to 5 weeks dents where Mrs. Clinton, the First ending April the 3rd. Along with the minor- ers, for the most part, supporting very ity leader Tom Daschle and other leading clearly that the work of the committee Lady, right after the death, or soon Senate Democrats, Mr. Dodd told reporters continue, I think it underscores the after the death of Vincent Foster, yesterday that they were prepared to fili- need for us to find the facts. makes a phone call to Susan Thomases. buster against any extension beyond April. Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator Susan Thomases comes in and testifies Mr. President, there is no desire for yield on that point? to us she does not recall the phone call. anyone to filibuster this legislation. Mr. D’AMATO. I am not going to. I By the way, this is on, I believe, July We have offered a reasonable com- want to take questions, but I want to 22. I will have the record in front of me. promise, and that reasonable com- yield for some questions which I think This is after the death, and they are promise is to go to April 3 and then to Senator THOMAS wants to—— now going to conduct the investigation allow a 30-day period for a committee Mr. SARBANES. Does the Senator as it relates to what papers may or report to be sent out to the public and read the Washington Post as sup- may not be in Mr. Foster’s office, look- to the Senate and to the Congress of porting his position? ing for possibly a suicide note. She the United States. We think that is Mr. D’AMATO. I read the Washington would have the committee and the fair. We think that is reasonable. We Post as taking a middle ground, not American people believe—I think it is think and we hope that proposal will be one which I am totally unsympathetic absolutely incredible—that at 7:57, a given very careful consideration by our with. And I also read the Washington phone call from Little Rock, AR, made colleagues on the other side of the Post as saying extend but with limits. by the First Lady to her hotel, that she aisle. I disagree to the limits for reasons I did not get it. The First Lady was on Several Senators addressed the stated before. the phone for 3 minutes. ‘‘Maybe the Chair. I think it is noteworthy where they operator got it.’’ At 8:01, 1 minute after The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- say: that, she admits to paging Mr. Nuss- ator from New York. The Senate Democrats would do them- baum. Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, and I selves and the president little good— Let me tell you why she admitted it, will yield to my friend, Senator THOM- Let me read you the concluding para- because she would have feigned recol- AS, for some questions that he might graph where they say there should be lection there, too, in my opinion. You want to pose, but before I yield to him some extension, it is interesting, and I see, because Mr. Nussbaum had an as- sistant, and that assistant indicated for the purpose of questions, let me know my colleague, Senator THOMAS, say, we can all quote editorials. My wants to pose some questions: Mr. Nussbaum said Susan Thomases called him, so she could not very well friend and colleague gave a viewpoint What the Senate does not need is a Demo- of a distinguished newspaper, but let cratic-led filibuster. Having already gone deny that call. But, believe me, if there me say, if one were to look at the bail for the Clinton White House, often to an was any way for her to do it, she would major newspapers of this country, very embarrassing degree— have done it. This is one of the most clearly—and I am not talking about I think it is very interesting, because capable lawyers in America, described now the opinions expressed by various I think, indeed, that is what many of as a lady who has the ‘‘juice.’’ ‘‘She has pundit s, but rather the editorial my colleagues have been forced to do, the juice,’’ they said. She walks into pages—you will find overwhelmingly, 5 to kind of walk the plank. the White House whenever she wants. to 1 or more, a clear pattern. Those in Senate Democrats would do themselves She is a close confidant, a friend, a the media who have been following and the president little good by tying up the counselor. Guess what Mr. Nussbaum’s this, like the American people who Senate with a talkathon. Better that they assistant, Mr. Neuwirth, says in deposi- have been following it have been sup- let the probe proceed. tions and testimony? He says—I am portive of our efforts. Then it goes on to say something paraphrasing, but we will get it on the And I’d like to add the manner under rather interesting, that it is a responsi- record with absolute precision because which we are compelled to operate does bility that all of us have, including this I know my colleague wants that. We not make our work quick or easy. That Senator and the majority. It said: will get that absolute precision. is, bringing in witnesses, deposing Give the public some credit for knowing a The First Lady was not happy. The them. witch hunt and a waste of their money if and First Lady was not happy with the You cannot schedule 1 day after the when they see one. And that, of course, is the manner of investigation, that there other. You have to bring in witnesses risk Senator D’Amato and his committee are would be unfettered access into Mr. and examine them. Thousands of hours taking. The burden is also on them. Foster’s office. We asked about that go into these hearings, not just the Mr. SARBANES. What about—— call and, of course, remember, we have hearings that are heard publicly, but in Mr. D’AMATO. Let me suggest that absolute proof, phone logs—if we did preparation for them. Otherwise, we by simply saying this is politics, this is not have the phone logs, they would would have had many, many witnesses politics, this is politics, this is politics, deny anything and everything. I will who came in and, rightfully, the minor- it reminds me of the adage that if you give you examples of this. As Senator ity and, more important, the American repeat it over and over and over and DOMENICI has indicated, I am not going people would have said, ‘‘Why are you over, you will draw people from what it to just sit here and have those who bringing these people here? They have is we are doing. I think this is a well- would take our work and our good ef- no relevance.’’ orchestrated attempt by the Demo- forts and simply attempt to politicize We have examined well over 100 wit- crats, by the minority, to have just them for their own purposes. That is nesses—well over—and we will go into that, to have us forget the paper trail, my observation. I think they ought to that. This month alone, we have exam- to have us forget the witnesses who de- be ashamed of themselves for doing ined dozens of witnesses not in a public liberately —Senator, I will yield to you that. We have worked together too forum. Many of them we will not call, when I am ready to yield to you. Sen- long and hard in a spirit of bipartisan- because we have found that they do not ator, I have not interrupted you once. ship. But if they want to throw that add to the investigation. Mr. SARBANES. Yes, but you are—— out and just do the bidding of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 White House and carry their water, not indeed followed it real closely. But There have been other delays. It just that is their decision. As the Wash- I am very interested in it. I understand seemed to us that as time went along, ington Post said—and I just quoted there is a purpose for this committee as we attempted to bring in Judge that editorial—‘‘to almost an embar- action. The purpose is to discover what Hale, in particular meeting with the rassing degree.’’ the facts are. So I am a little surprised difficulties of Judge Hale’s lawyer—the Let me tell you, when we asked Mrs. when they argue that we ought to stop, distinguished counsel had a number of Thomases about this call—she said she put a limit on it, when we have not arguments before the Supreme Court. was reaching out. It was a touchy-feely completed what the purpose of it was, He told our counsel that he could not call. When we asked about the other which was to find facts. even consider bringing his client in be- calls she made—and there were 13 or 14 I must tell you that I did have a lit- cause he had to prepare him, and he within a hour and a half—to Nussbaum, tle brush with it in the House last year. would not be able to prepare and be calls to the Chief of Staff office, almost I was on the Banking Committee. thoroughly briefed until after he made frantic. She was reaching out to touch Somebody talked about Mr. GON- these arguments. One of those argu- someone. There is an ad about that. By ZALEZ’s report. He would not let us do ments was postponed due to the snow- the way, we have not been able to ex- anything last year. We were storm we had. amine her yet. Only because we re- stonewalled. So I was excited when the I have to tell you that we are making ceived logs and notes that indicate she Senate went forward with an oppor- every effort. It was unusual, almost un- had a communication from Mrs. Clin- tunity to do something. I know a little heard of—the Supreme Court’s adjourn- ton’s scheduler saying, ‘‘Come down to about that because I was there. So I ment of a matter that had been dock- Washington to see us,’’ and she did say I am surprised, and I am not sure I eted and set for schedule. But the come; the only reason we know she should be surprised. I know that the Court found that the circumstances went over to see her is because the minority sort of acted like defense were so difficult that they granted an White House logs maintained by the counsel here instead of asking ques- adjournment. People could not make it Secret Service indicate that. Lawyers tions. in, participants in that case. That was were meeting—a lawyer—Mr. Barnett I do have a couple of points. Mr. put off until the end of January or very was meeting with Mrs. Clinton to re- President, if I might ask, I am curious early February. view various documents, and docu- about the work of the independent That is a practical matter that made ments were indeed turned over to Mr. counsel and its effect on the commit- it impossible for him to prepare the witness, to bring him in. We were just Barnett on that date. We said, ‘‘Did tee’s work specifically and if the crimi- not ever able to get that concurrence. you recall meeting Mrs. Clinton?’’ She nal investigations into Whitewater Notwithstanding that, we might have was upstairs for an hour and a half. I have impeded the congressional efforts had strong objection because the inde- believe that date was July 27, but I to get all the facts about Whitewater. pendent counsel did indicate he was op- have not looked at the records for a Mr. D’AMATO. As my distinguished posed. We were still willing to attempt while. ‘‘No.’’ ‘‘Did you meet with Mrs. colleague may be aware, the Senate to bring him in. resolution that empowered us to go for- Clinton?’’ ‘‘I do not recall.’’ ‘‘Did your Let me say this to you. Once we ward indicated that we should coordi- scheduler tell you?’’ ‘‘I do not recall.’’ began to hit February, the end of Janu- Look, that is absurd. We are not nate our activities with the investiga- ary, February, you then run into a talking about incidental events. We are tion of the counsel. We have attempted question of responsibility of this body talking about critical times and junc- to do that. in conjunction with and cooperation tures. We are talking about a pattern. Mr. THOMAS. What about the Octo- with the independent counsel. You That is what we see taking place. So ber 2, 1995, letter Senator SARBANES really do. We could have insisted that we have not been dealt with fairly. We made reference to yesterday? Is it the the attorney formally raise the fact have not had candid testimony from special committee’s intention to move that his client would assert the privi- numerous witnesses. The pattern con- forward without regard to the inde- lege against self-incrimination. tinues. And there are those who say, pendent counsel’s investigation? There is something more important. ‘‘Why are you doing this?’’ I say, why Mr. D’AMATO. I am glad my col- Rather than run the risk of jeopard- are you afraid of getting the facts? The league has raised that point. I think izing—because we were so close to that only reason I am forced to editorialize, one has to read the letter in its en- trial, so close to the proposed trial of or at least sum up what I see at this tirety, not just part of it. It was our March—putting that off or creating an point in time, is because of the opposi- very real intent to bring forward and impediment to the special counsel tion of the other side to permit us to to move in an expeditious manner with going forward. I think in a responsible do our work. So that, then, puts me in these hearings, but never without re- way we did what was absolutely nec- a very peculiar and difficult position, gard to the independent counsel’s in- essary and did not attempt to create a one that I have resisted in terms of vestigation. Even in that letter of Oc- clash or a crisis with the prerogatives making these observations public and tober 2—which does not contain the to- that we had, which we could have exer- making them with more precision and tality of our discussions either with cised, but I think would have been inju- preciseness. But we will do that. We the independent counsel or with the dicious. will have no choice but to do that. We minority—indicates that we were going Mr. THOMAS. As I understand it, the will have no choice but to decide, when to be very mindful of the independent proposal that has been brought forth is we do not have all of the facts—and counsel’s efforts. That letter, if you to conclude the special committee’s that is why we are making a mistake read it in its totality, indicates we are work in the middle of April and the by pushing this at this point in time, going to be very mindful of not impact- possibility of examining either Gov- instead of saying, OK, we will permit x ing on the special counsel’s work ad- ernor Tucker or the McDougals, then, numbers of dollars, and let us see if we versely. would not be possible, is that correct? cannot wind this up within a reason- Mr. THOMAS. It is my understanding Mr. D’AMATO. That is absolutely able period of time after you get access that there are criminal trials pending. correct. It would be impossible, and we to the necessary witnesses, particu- Could the Senator share with us the may or may not be able to get them in larly those who may or may not be timetable with respect to these trials? any event. That would certainly pre- called to testify but that the special Mr. D’AMATO. Again, I appreciate clude the examination of McDougal prosecutor objects to. my colleague’s inquiry because we are and would preclude us from even con- I see my friend wants to raise a ques- now talking—by the way, in our letter, sidering whether we might want to im- tion. Certainly, if he wants to raise we expressed some concern that this munize him, to get his testimony, that question, I will take it. trial would be adjourned much longer whether or not the special counsel Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, let me than the beginning of the year. They might agree after that trial to us pro- say, first of all, that I enter into this indicated they thought January and viding them with immunity, and also debate and discussion from a little dif- possibly early February. That is going other witnesses, Judge Hale and about ferent point of view. I have not been a to be going off next week. We are there a dozen others who may or may not be member of this committee, and I have at that point. testifying.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1437 Let me say, it has been indicated knows and has felt the manner in Now, you never get credit from the that there is going to be public testi- which the committee in many cases other side in attempting to be fair. You mony at this trial. The scope of the has been almost stifled. just do not. But I will attempt to be trial—given that it is a criminal trial, I think the point is inexorable. I do fair and to say to them, not all of this and given the rules of evidence—will not think the Senate could possibly has been occasioned by some kind of a not permit the kind of latitude that discharge its duties by truncating or diabolical political plot by my col- would give a full, detailed story as to terminating its work by setting an ar- leagues or the Democrats or the White what did or did not take place. Indeed, bitrary deadline, one that particularly House. That would be unfair. Some has there may be testimony that we seek would ensure that we would not have been occasioned by attorneys who are or require that will never be asked of access to a number of witnesses whose looking to protect their clients. And, these witnesses at a public trial. testimony may be very key, and as a so, they have engaged in a pattern, it Indeed, all the questions may be an- result of relevant information and seems to me, of withholding, having swered. We may have no need to bring facts it leads you to possibly other them testify in that manner. At least some of them in. We may not have to. facts that one must discover, other the clients have insisted upon it, or But to prejudge it now and to say that areas that one must look at. maybe witnesses, who said I cannot re- we are going to cut it off now is wrong. That is why I think any thoughtful call anything. It is wrong. We should not set an arbi- analysis of the committee’s work, Mr. MURKOWSKI. Let me commend trary time limit for it. where we are today, would lead one to the Senator for accepting the responsi- believe, as Senator Mitchell once indi- Mr. THOMAS. I thank the chairman, bility of responding to such a wealth of cated very clearly in his book, ‘‘Men of and I certainly want to congratulate questions. I know that it is your desire Zeal,’’ do not put an arbitrary end date you and your committee for continuing and sense of real obligation to get to for any hearing, even if the intent—and to seek to find the answers. That is the bottom of this investigation so we I am paraphrasing—is to avoid partisan what this is all about. I certainly hope are all satisfied that the investigation politics. That was the intent in Iran- we continue to do that. was done fairly, appropriately, and in Contra, not running it into the polit- Mr. MURKOWSKI. Could I ask my depth. But I wonder if my friend from ical season. That was my intent. That friend from New York a question? New York recalls a comment of one of was the intent of the distinguished Mr. D’AMATO. Certainly. our colleagues during the Iran-Contra Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, the ranking member. There is no doubt, I hope he would debate? Our good friend, Senator BYRD, Senator from New York has led, as said: chairman of the Banking Committee, not have questioned, or did not ques- tion, the sincerity of the Senator from The Congress has a Constitutional respon- the extraordinary responsibility of this sibility of oversight, a Constitutional re- body relative to the Whitewater inves- moving forward in that manner. That was my intent. That continues to be sponsibility of informing the people. . . [T]o tigation. I ask my friend from New reassure the faith of the American people in my intent. York, as a consequence of what I un- the Constitutional and political system, is to I also suggest that it seems to me derstand is accurate to date, the inves- find out about all of these things that we that I do not know how my colleagues have been hearing, and the way to do it is to tigations have led to nine convictions can know for certain what may be re- and seven indictments, which is reason go at it, put our hand to the plow, and de- vealed or may not be revealed. I do not velop the facts. to believe that more may still be com- think they can. I do not think they Now, I think that sets a pretty good ing. Two indictments occurred just last know the documents that may or may week. direction for the committee. I think we not have been produced. I do not think all know that the constitutional proc- Now, in conscience, how could the that they are aware of what the testi- chairman suggest to this body, as a ess is going to take time. It is going to mony of various witnesses we would take expense. Also, I think that it is consequence of this factual informa- like to bring in will be, but certainly it tion, to terminate these hearings or important for my friend to consider the would appear that the White House is recommendation of certain editorials— even indicate a definitive date at which very intent, and my colleagues are in- time these hearings might be con- so I ask if my friend from New York tent, in order to protect them—and I would comment on two editorials. I cluded? I think that my colleague am paraphrasing the New York Times would agree that the work of the will quote a portion from the Wash- editorial—to protect them from embar- ington Post, February 15, 1996: Whitewater Committee is clearly not rassment. done, the investigation is not com- It is better to get the facts out now Hardly a day goes by without someone in the administration suddenly discovering plete. The primary reason for its in- and let the chips fall where they may completeness is the inability of the some long-sought subpoenaed documents. . . than to continue this exercise in this The committee clearly needs time to sift White House to present factual mate- matter. It will not dissuade the chair- those late-arriving papers. rial in a timely manner. It has been man and the committee from doing its suggested that some of the material And, in the New York Times, Feb- job by simply charging partisan poli- ruary 28, 1996: provided by the White House comes in tics. That has not been the case. It will The Senate’s duty cannot be canceled or like a haystack, but the needles—the not be the case. I will move as expedi- information that the committee really truncated because of the campaign calendar. tiously as the events and facts permit Any certain date for terminating the hear- needs—is missing. to end the work of this committee, par- ings would encourage even more delay in I ask my friend from New York, how ticularly the public hearings, but that producing subpoenaed documents than the can those that object to the continu- will be based on facts, not an arbitrary committee has endured since it started last ance of this very important process date. July.... conceivably reflect on the collective I answer my colleague in saying we No arguments about the politics on either responsibility we have as a body? My should not set an arbitrary date. It is side can outweigh the fact that the White question to the Senator from New York exactly the situation we find ourselves House has yet to reveal the full facts about is, how do you see your responsibility in today. By the way, if we reflect on the land venture....Clinton’s work as a lawyer on Whitewater matters and the mys- as chairman of this committee? How do the words, and I read them half a dozen terious movements of documents between you see the responsibilities have been times today, that our friend said—the the Rose Law Firm, various basements and given to you? And, without all the parallel between what took place then, closets and the Executive Mansion. The com- facts before the committee, how can bureaucrats holding back information, mittee, politics notwithstanding, has earned you reach a definitive deadline such as looking at a date in which the inquiry an indefinite [an indefinite] extension. A April? would terminate, attorneys keeping Democratic filibuster against it would be The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. their clients from coming forward, et silly stonewalling. BENNETT). The Senator from New cetera, and delaying and obfuscating— I ask my friend from New York, rec- York. it is the same pattern that we see re- ognizing the statement of the former Mr. D’AMATO. I thank my friend and peating itself. It is, I think. I am sorry majority leader and our good friend, colleague. The Senator from Alaska that I agreed to a date. I did not con- Senator BYRD, regarding his statement has served on the committee and template that this would take place. of the Iran-Contra dispute, is not the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 same constitutional application and say to the American people, ‘‘This is fixed date, a matter with which the principle appropriate in this case? politics, and they are spending all this Senator, as I understand it, disagrees. Should not that same constitutional money in search of we know not what Mr. D’AMATO. I indicated heretofore application be used as we search for the it is,’’ I simply have to say that is not that I would not—and I again cited facts and attempt to reach a final con- correct. And it is not factual. And it is none other than an authority on this clusion so that the American people as not dealing with our colleagues in a than Senator Mitchell as to why a well as the Congress can be satisfied in fair and even-handed manner, in the fixed date I believe would be counter- this matter? same manner in which they would like productive. Having said that, certainly Mr. D’AMATO. The Senator from to be dealt with. April 3 is absolutely unacceptable, or Alaska is absolutely correct. He is ab- Mr. MURKOWSKI. May I ask my April 5—is guaranteed to deny us es- solutely correct. I think our colleague, friend from New York a question, since sential information and evidence that Senator FAIRCLOTH, has indicated there partisanship has been brought up here we would need. There is no way that should be no price placed upon the in- more than once or twice in the discus- trial will be concluded. tegrity of the White House. sion? Would my friend from New York Let me say something else. I would The fact is, the cost for the hearings, care to enlighten the Senator from be willing to say that at some reason- and given the work, the witnesses, the Alaska on what is the objective of our able period of time after the conclusion volume of work, sifting through the friends on the other side of the aisle? of the trial, whether it results in what- haystack to attempt to get the nee- Why do you believe that the other side ever—an acquittal, a conviction, or a dles—it has been difficult. The lack of of the aisle is delaying the majority hung jury—that we then, because there cooperation of various witnesses; the from bringing this matter before the are practicalities, an attempt to end lack of cooperation with various agen- Senate for a vote? Wouldn’t you agree this, whether it is 8 weeks thereafter, cies; the lack of cooperation and can- that we are all here collectively to that we would, and then a time for the dor with many, many officials; total meet our obligation of finding the facts writing of a report. But even that is failure to recollect events, even though and presenting them to the American dangerous because then we run into the the diaries put them at various places public? What could be more political problem of having certain attorneys doing various things; even the trans- than for one party to ban together in looking to take advantage of every op- mittal of documents when occasioned an attempt to delay a vote? I am sure portunity to run the clock. by distress calls. that is of some frustration to my friend Mr. MURKOWSKI. I ask my friend I have to tell my colleague that the from New York. Would he convey, in from New York, is it not a fact that on committee’s work must continue and the graciousness of the cordiality that February 17 the committee received that we have limited it, both initially we are all bound by, why this body is notes of important substance from Mr. and now, to very modest sums. Al- being prevented from bringing this res- Gearan? And, isn’t it true that on Feb- though $600,000 is a lot of money, if we olution to the floor? ruary 13, the committee received Mi- look at the Iran-Contra investigations Mr. D’AMATO. I have to say to my chael Waldman’s notes, which totaled and hearings—and again those were al- colleague and friend from Alaska, po- over 200 of information? In addition, most 10 years ago—that cost was litely, I can not understand what my isn’t it true that the committee re- $3,300,000. I think it was $3,298,000 at Democratic colleagues hope to accom- ceived Harold Ickes’ documents, which that point in time. If we were to get plish by extended, protracted debate— totaled over one hundred pages? That this appropriation, and I believe we which is a filibuster. That is a nice way was just 8 days ago. will, we would still have spent less of talking about filibustering this. It How could the committee possibly than $2 million. will only conjure in the minds of people evaluate that information? How could I am not suggesting that is not a con- the question: What are you hiding and the committee possibly be expected to siderable sum. But I am suggesting why are you doing this? set a definitive date of when this inves- that the work that we have done, the I think the Washington Post, al- tigation will be completed when we re- charge and the responsibility, is impor- though it did not say, today, that we ceived subpoenaed information only 8 tant. And in the words of Senator should go on endlessly—nor do I believe days ago? Do you not believe that this BYRD, it should be continued. It is our we should—they said, today, that ‘‘The task is virtually impossible knowing ‘‘constitutional responsibility.’’ Cer- Senate Democrats have already gone that we have every reason to believe tainly it was true then and it is true bail.’’ That is pretty tough language. there is other material going to come now. Certainly Congress met its re- Listen to this. in? sponsibility in fully funding the Iran- ‘‘What the Senate does not need is a I ask my friend from New York if he Contra hearings. Democratic led filibuster, having al- would feel that he is acting responsibly Again, if we look at the words of two ready gone bail for the Clinton White if he sets a definitive date of when the of the Members who served on that House, often to an embarrassing de- investigation would end, knowing that committee, they said they made a mis- gree.’’ 8 days ago the committee just got sev- take by setting an arbitrary date for Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator eral hundred more pages of informa- concluding the hearing. I think it is yield on this editorial? tion? How long does it take the profes- disingenuous for people to say—by the Mr. D’AMATO. Certainly. sional staff to go through that infor- way, I understand it comes out of the Mr. SARBANES. Because the Sen- mation, and how long does it take the White House spin doctors—that $30 ator continues citing it, yet the edi- staff of the minority side of committee million has been spent. And we have torial very clearly states the Senate to examine that information? heard it here today. ‘‘Do you know how should require the committee to com- Mr. D’AMATO. It would be impos- much food that could buy? Do you plete its work and produce a final re- sible to give a date exactly, because know how many people that could port by a fixed date. That is the essen- the Senator is right: We have to go help?’’ tial difference between the two sides. through the information and bring in This committee has not spent $30 You want an indefinite hearing, and people. It may develop—and does in million. The work of the independent we have suggested that there be a fixed many cases—additional leads and addi- counsel was decided upon by none date, just like I say to the Senator tional people. other than the President of the United from Alaska there was in Iran-Contra, I have to tell you. I do not believe States and the Attorney General. They which is exactly the position that Sen- that we have received nearly all of the requested that the independent counsel ator DOLE took at that time and which pertinent information that we have re- undertake his work and there have was acceded to by the Democratic Con- quested, or subpoenaed, or that has been 11 or 12 convictions or pleas of gress. This editorial is consistently been subpoenaed by the special coun- guilty. And he does continue his work. being cited by my colleague from New sel. I just do not believe that to be the He has one capacity. That is to ascer- York, and yet the editorial says, in case. I think it is impossible to believe tain criminal wrongdoing and to pros- very clear terms, the Senate should re- that other members of that White ecute it where it is found. We have an- quire the committee to complete its House defense team, that strategy other. To simply lump it in and then work and produce a final report by a team that met during the early week of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1439 January—they met under extraor- Mr. D’AMATO. The Senator is abso- You see, this is an experience I think dinary circumstances, they met repeat- lutely correct. Of course, you see that probably many of us have had when edly, they met every day for a 1-week you could ask. If you were to say, you are carrying something and then period of time, and thereafter—that ‘‘Where were you, Senator, on last you have to shift it. And he said she there is not more information that was week on Tuesday,’’ I could not tell you propped it up against the wall or a cab- available that has not been turned over now. I would have to look. But when inet so that she could then use her to this committee. you have key events, monumental, the other hand to open the door. That was If we set a time, I have to tell you death of a trusted friend, someone you a specificity that made it hard for this something, I do not think we will ever have known for a long time, someone Senator to not totally believe Officer get it. If we do not wait to see what who you have worked with, and you get O’Neill. takes place in terms of that trial and some of the testimony surrounding Let me tell you, the saga continues, what witnesses we may or may not that event, surrounding the search for the saga of the memory lapses, because have, we are never going to get all the something that was important, the Maggie Williams denies that this oc- facts. I never knew that a committee possible suicide note, to have the kind curred. ran just simply on the basis of a time of statements ‘‘I do not recall.’’ ‘‘I do But then there is another White line. I thought that our obligation was not know.’’ House staffer, a young man who works to get the facts. I thought that was ‘‘Who did you speak to?″ there as an assistant by the name of what determined. And if we were doing ‘‘I do not know.’’ Tom Castleton. He still works there. a credible job, if we were getting the ‘‘Did you speak to anybody?″ This is not someone who is in discord facts, that we would continue until the ‘‘I do not know. I do not remember. It with the administration. This is not a picture was completed, until the job would have been any″ —it is just incon- partisan—if anything, he may be a par- was completed, if it took additional re- ceivable. It smells of a well-orches- tisan supporter of the White House. sources. That is why we are here. We trated plot to deny the committee the And there is nothing wrong with that. are here for those resources. facts and the information. And it is not But he has no reason to lie. Let me say that we did not say ‘‘give just once; it is repeated. What does he testify? He testifies us such funds as may be necessary.’’ So Then when we find—and, again, very that when Maggie Williams is carrying you see when we say there is not a de- troubling—documents that relate to a box of documents up to the personal finitive date, that is true. But we have the work of the First Lady, documents residence of the White House, she says, asked to limit it to an amount of that relate to her representation, or at ‘‘Mrs. Clinton wants to review these money. That amount of money will least the fact that there were numer- papers.’’ When we asked Maggie Wil- only enable us to go approximately 3, ous phone calls to Seth Ward, Seth liams, she didn’t say that; she has no maybe 4 months if there is no real ac- Ward, a man who purchased the prop- memory of that. Why would she say tivity, and if we have to suspend during erty known as Casa Grande, Seth Ward, that? She would never tell this young a period of time, maybe somewhat Webb Hubbell’s father-in-law, Asso- man that for no reason. After all, of longer. Indeed, if there is no justifica- ciate Attorney General, his son-in-law course, he told us the truth. He had no tion—and I suggest it has been the ac- is in that law firm. It is interesting the reason to make this up. tion of the White House and their peo- Let me ask something else. It has al- son-in-law did not represent or make ple in terms of holding back docu- ways mystified me why it is people the phone calls with respect to his fa- ments, that has brought us to this have to invent incredible stories. ther-in-law who he was close to, a point where we suspect, and I think we Would it not be ordinary, if papers that transaction that can be described as have reason to suspect, that they are belonged to you, that were with a nothing less than a sham, that at- still withholding key documents and trusted friend and a legal advisor, that tempted to provide Seth Ward, in the information from the Senate. you would look them over as opposed final analysis, with over $335,000, and Mr. MURKOWSKI. Along those lines, to simply having them turned over to finally had to agree to give back to the I would ask my colleague from New another attorney without looking? York if he can explain to me why RTC. One has to say, was it that rep- I find that very difficult, very dif- throughout the testimony of Susan resentation, or those phone calls which ficult to understand. It would seem to Thomases and Maggie Williams there we were never aware of until we found me that if the Senator had important seemed to be significant memory the billing records? And where were the papers entrusted to his legal advisor losses. I am particularly thinking of billing records of phone calls between and counselor and something has sud- Maggie Williams, the chief of staff of Mrs. Clinton and Seth Ward? In the denly gone wrong and those papers the First Lady—she responded some 140 personal residence of the President and were packaged and sent to your resi- times, ‘‘I do not remember.’’ These are the First Lady, in their personal resi- dence so you could then send them over people that were in positions of respon- dence. How about that? Are we to be- to your personal lawyer, would you not sibility, and, obviously, very intel- lieve some construction worker picked look through them? Would it not be ligent people. These were significant them up someplace? Where did they natural? Would it not be correct? events in their lives. And to suggest pick them up, and where did they get Would it not be right? But you see that Maggie Williams had no recollec- to where they got, the President’s per- what happens when people invent sto- tion 140 times is troubling to this Sen- sonal residence, in August, just when ries; they are stuck to them. They are ator. Also troubling is the fact that the RTC was again releasing a report stuck to them. Once the White House Susan Thomases, the First Lady’s dealing with these events? issued the statement, a definitive friend and adviser, told the committee So it is very troubling. It is very statement, that the First Lady had, ‘‘I do not remember’’ over 70 times. troubling and it raises questions. never looked at those papers, they My friend from New York is a lawyer Maggie Williams, you see, was seen, at could never explain how the papers who has practiced and who knows least by the testimony of Officer that were sent up there found their something about the procedures in the O’Neill, a career Secret Service officer, way back down, and then, if all of court. What kind of an explanation can who would have no reason to concoct a those papers were sent over to Mr. Ken- you provide for Maggie Williams re- story, says that on the night of Vin- dall, the lawyer for the Clintons, if all sponding 140 times ‘‘I do not remem- cent Foster’s death he saw Maggie Wil- of them were sent over, then how could ber’’ to questions from the committee? liams coming out of Vincent Foster’s it be that the billing records were And what kind of explanation can you office—and she admits she was there— found in the personal residence, if you provide for Susan Thomases telling the and that she was carrying papers, files. had already said for the public record, committee that she ‘‘didn’t remember’’ And he remembers with great detail, public consumption, that you never over 70 times? I find that very discom- that when she, Maggie Williams, who is looked at the records? forting because, obviously, it suggests Mrs. Clinton’s chief of staff, attempted So now we have the mystery of the that there are questions that witnesses to gain access to her office, she could appearing documents. Where are they are refusing to answer. I know the not do it; she had to balance the files found? In the personal residence, where chairman sat through every single wit- with one hand and then with the other all the papers had been brought ini- ness and was troubled by this as well. hand open her door. tially, all of them, and, I would suggest

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 to you, probably including the billing heard by my friend and colleague from and 20 minutes, was merely to fulfill records. And that, indeed, when we New Mexico, Senator DOMENICI, a cou- the wishes of those who wish to con- have heard this troubling story—be- ple of hours ago when I happened to tinue. cause I tell you it would be absolutely hear him say that the only way to re- Senator BYRD said it is our constitu- totally reasonable for anybody, Presi- solve the problem before us is for the tional responsibility. And it is. And we dent or anyone—to look through their majority leader and the minority lead- have investigated. Senator DOMENICI personal files and their personal er to sit down in one office or the other suggests that the two leaders should records. I think that it would be un- and come up with some kind of an get together and work out some kind of usual, unusual, absolutely unusual— agreeable compromise. a compromise, if you will. That is the after all, they had nothing to fear. I thought, as usual, that was a very only way we get things done down There was no wrongdoing. Why would constructive suggestion from my friend here, after we raise all kinds of havoc. you not look through the papers to as- and colleague from New Mexico, with I endorse the suggestion made by Sen- certain if these were papers, indeed, whom I have worked on the Budget ator DOMENICI. that should be then sent over to a new Committee each and every year, this My colleague from Maryland, the lawyer. Would you not want to look at being the 18th, since I have been here. ranking Democrat on the Banking them? It makes an awful lot more sense Committee, knows where this Senator So the answers that are forthcoming than the long, drag-out confrontation has been coming from on this issue for do not in many cases lead to a conclu- that we seem to be headed for and are a long, long time. I think that we have sion. They raise other questions. But involved in now with regard to what is granted the Banking Committee—I let me say our mandate is to get the right and what is wrong with the re- voted to give the Banking Committee facts. It is not to rush to judgment. It quest made by the chairman of the the time and the money to make an in- is only because—and I have only shared Banking Committee for the continu- vestigation. I am willing to give them this for the first time—of some of the ation of the hearings as long as he some additional time, if that is what questions that I consider important, wants to pursue them in whatever they need. But if anyone thinks that this Sen- some of the troubling aspects, that I manner the chairman of the committee ator is going to give an open-ended li- raise this. I have not raised this here- wishes to pursue them. cense to the present chairman of the tofore. I have not shared this with the I notice with great interest there Banking Committee, or anyone else, to media. I have not rushed to judgment, were several references during the last go on and on and on and on, on some- nor do I. But I raise this question—and hour and 20 minutes, when I was listen- thing that, in my view, should have there are others—in light of testimony ing very carefully, that the name of been concluded weeks ago, they are given by witnesses who have nothing to Robert BYRD was used. We all respect badly mistaken. gain, who, if anything, are supporters Robert BYRD as one of the great Mem- bers of the U.S. Senate of today and We do this to ourselves here, Demo- of the administration. Neuwirth, as- crats and Republicans, over and over certainly, in my opinion, of all time. It sistant counsel to the chief counsel of again. We wonder why the polls show has been said on the floor that Senator the United States, he says they are that the people despise—I think the BYRD felt that the Iran-Contra hear- concerned about unfettered access, word ‘‘despise’’ is not overstated—they ings should proceed because we have ‘‘a that Mrs. Clinton was concerned. This despise, as a group, the Members of the constitutional responsibility.’’ I do not young man, Tom Castleton, who says House of Representatives and the Mem- think there is any quarrel with that. I Maggie Williams, Mrs. Clinton’s chief bers of the U.S. Senate. Even used car suspect that Senator BYRD voted for of staff, says that Mrs. Clinton wants salesmen, I believe, rate ahead of us in the Whitewater investigation, as did to review these documents. Then the the polls. Why is that? Because we this Senator, because I think it is our White House states that they did not bring it on ourselves, Democrats and look at these documents. Then the bill- constitutional responsibility to inves- Republicans. It is not just one side of ing records appearing. How did they tigate wrongdoing. the aisle or the other. It is the con- In that regard, I might say that one get there? spiratorial nature of the business, un- of the side elements of this investiga- So there is more work to be done. I fortunately. do this—and I was not happy about tion and other investigations that we Mr. President, I had been the Gov- having to raise these questions at this see more and more and more going on ernor of my State for 8-years, longer point in time—only because, again, the forever and forever and forever in the than any other person in the history of assertions have been made that our in- Senate of the United States, has caused that State, and this is my 18th year in vestigation has not revealed anything, a great deal of harm and a great deal of the U.S. Senate. I have never been that this is a waste of time and a waste expense to many people whom most sued, either before I was in public serv- of taxpayers’ money. would agree are totally innocent. That ice or since I have been in public serv- Let me conclude by saying I believe has happened. The committee is ice. I never have been accused of any that the committee has been patient, chaired by my colleague from New wrongdoing. I have never had to pay in some cases overly so; that the com- York. It happened in previous commit- out a dollar, let alone $50,000 or $500,000 mittee has gone out of its way to give tees. or more, to defend myself. I have had the benefit of the doubt, as we should If you read the newspapers and talk the wonderful experience of serving 18 and will continue to do, to witnesses to some of the people that have ap- years in the U.S. Senate. and in certain instances when evidence peared before the Banking Committee, I have been in hundreds of thousands has not come forth when it should. We you will find that when they come of hours of committee hearings on the will say, let us conclude our job, get there, they have to bring a lawyer to national security interests of the the facts, and that is when we will end protect themselves. The amount of United States, the Armed Services the investigation, sooner rather than lawyers’ fees that these people have, Committee, in the Budget Committee, later. mostly without means, to defend them- that is very much up front now. I hap- Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. selves when they are called by a com- pen to be the ranking member of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mittee of the U.S. Senate, they have Budget Committee at the present time. ator from Nebraska. spent anywhere from $50,000 in the last I also serve, and have since I came Mr. EXON. I thank the Chair. few months, sometimes up to $500,000 here, also, in addition to those two Mr. President, unlike my colleague, I in the last few months, out of their committees, as a member of the Com- will be brief. I will be to the point as own pockets to defend themselves, merce, Science, and Transportation nearly as I can. I have been standing when in most instances most would Committee. now for 1 hour and 20 minutes on the agree most of them, if not all —and I I am proud to say that never, as long floor of the Senate to try to get a word say most of them, and maybe all, with as I have served or called witnesses or in edgewise, and I recognize that when the understanding that there was al- been a part of questioning witnesses, someone has the floor, they can lit- ways a reason to investigate White- have I ever cost even one of those wit- erally keep it forever. I was prompted water. The dialog that we have heard, nesses any money out of their own to come here by some remarks that I the dog and pony show for the last hour pocket to come before me as the sacred

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1441 one on the elevated platform directing ing Committee, who is simultaneously tension period beyond the expiration questions down at them. chairman of the Republican Senatorial date of the committee of yesterday. It so happens that I have not, nor Campaign Committee, is doing this and But it has been talked over and it have I ever, sought to serve on the Eth- wants more taxpayer money to con- was agreed, in an effort to come to ics Committee of the U.S. Senate. I do tinue the investigation forever and for- some kind of a compromise, that we do not like judging other people. I have ever and forever, as near as I can tell, not want to filibuster, we do not think never sought to serve on that com- is he wants to continue it at least until a filibuster is necessary. mittee or any other investigative com- after the November elections, because Following up on what Senator mittee that is going after people, to get some have said—not this Senator—that DOMENICI suggested on the floor of the people. Some of that is necessary. I be- the chairman of the Banking Com- Senate, why do we not have the major- lieve that BOB BYRD is right in saying mittee wants to do this for political ity leader, Senator DOLE, and the mi- we have a constitutional responsibility reasons. He thinks it will help elect Re- nority leader, Senator DASCHLE, get to- to do that. But in so doing—and it has publicans. gether tomorrow and make a decision, been going on and on every day, almost Now remember, I did not say that, a reasonable decision, along the lines of every week of every month, and cer- but I guess other people have. Whether that Senator DOLE suggested back tainly of every year since I have served that is true or not, I voted for the under the Iran-Contra affair? in this body—some people, a group of money for the special prosecutor to in- At that time, the Democrats were people, have set up themselves as judge vestigate Whitewater. I voted in sup- the conspirators. They were the ones and jury. They use the taxpayers’ port of and provided a vote to provide who wanted to continue this discus- money of the United States of America the money to the Banking Committee sion. Senator DOLE suggested that we to make accusations, to carry on inves- to do their investigation. I had as- should not go on with Iran-Contra for- tigations, some of them legitimate. sumed that it would not take longer ever. It was causing problems for the But we wonder why the people of the than it took to investigate other mat- President of the United States who, at United States distrust us. ters, such as Iran-Contra, but it has for that time, was a Republican. Believe it I saw a bumper sticker on a car in whatever reason. Now the chairman of or not, Mr. President, the Democratic Nebraska the other day that said, ‘‘I the Banking Committee wishes to go majority at that time said, ‘‘Senator love my country, but I don’t trust my on and on and on. DOLE, you’re right. You’re making Government.’’ Well, is it any wonder I simply say that I do not believe this sense. You’re trying to be reasonable, what we do to ourselves? We have be- committee going on and on and on, Senator DOLE.’’ come the conspirators, whether we rec- spending more of the taxpayers’ money What we are asking for at the present ognize or realize it or not. And the feel- is going to amount to any more than it time, and taking up on the public ex- ing of the people of the United States has already. The special prosecutor is pression and request by my friend and with regard to their elected public offi- continuing, the special prosecutor is colleague from New Mexico, it is time cials, most of whom I can certify are the place to bring charges if anyone be- for the two leaders to get together. It honest, God-fearing people trying to do fore the Banking Committee has com- is time to end the dog-and-pony show. the right thing, whether they have mitted perjury, as was indicated by the It is time to come to a definite time- Democrat or Republican behind their dog-and-pony show tonight. If they frame—30 days, x amount of money, names, we wonder why we are not more committed perjury, they should be whatever is necessary—to wind up this respected. Because of what you see on prosecuted, and if they are found investigation, and then anything fur- the floor of the U.S. Senate tonight. guilty, they should stand whatever the ther that is done beyond that, as it I am not conspiratorial by nature, sentence in court should be. should be, would be accomplished by and I do not like what is going on. In I simply say that I think it is far past the special prosecutor. addition to the committee of jurisdic- time for this committee to have made If we end the investigation by the tion that seems to be on the tube every its report, but in the good nature that Banking Committee tonight, the spe- time I turn on C–-SPAN, and I see I think has always embodied me, I sug- cial prosecutor is still there with full mean-looking lawyers peering down, as gested to the ranking Democrat, the subpoena powers and the authority of a if they were judges, at these people be- Senator from Maryland, who is on the prosecutor to bring charges for any- hind them, kind of like the Christians floor, what, 2 months ago, 3 months thing that he thinks needs to be raised in the lion’s den in Rome—I see that, ago—I do not know what it was—when in the courts. and I do not like that either because I the chairman of the Banking Com- I simply say, Mr. President, that I think you can make inquiry of people mittee was beginning to talk about the hope we will take the wise counsel of- as a U.S. Senator in a fashion that does necessity to extend this date beyond fered by the Senator from New Mexico, not say, ‘‘It is us against them.’’ That the expiration date of yesterday and my friend, Senator DOMENICI, and re- is what is going on here. wanted $200,000 or $300,000 more of tax- solve this matter tomorrow and get on The costs of this, as I understand it, payers’ money to get the job done, I with the business of the U.S. Senate. are over $1 million for the committee said, ‘‘I’m not for that at all. I think I thank the Chair, and I yield the and up to $15 million or more for the they should be called upon to wind up floor. special prosecutor. their inquiry and make their report to f The special prosecutor has a job to the U.S. Senate.’’ do, and I voted the money to have the But I said in the spirit of com- EXTENDING WHITEWATER special prosecutor check into White- promise, since the chairman of the INVESTIGATION water. I guess what I am saying, Mr. Banking Committee says he wants Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, yes- President, is that somewhere sometime more time and he needs more time, I terday we returned for the last session enough is enough. would, against my better judgment of the 104th Congress to complete the Some—not this Senator—some have say, ‘‘All right, let’s give them another Nation’s business. We returned so that said that the chairman of the Banking 30 days, until the 28th of March, and we could attempt to reach a bipartisan Committee is doing this primarily be- $90,000,’’ or whatever it takes to wind agreement on welfare reform. We re- cause he is the chairman of the Repub- this up and then set a date for the re- turned to continue debating the future lican Senatorial Campaign Committee, port no later than 30 days after that, so of Medicare. We returned so we could which is designed to collect money and that we can get on with this matter. I end the budget impasse. We returned so make a lot of hoopla to try and elect remember very well the ranking Demo- that we could face the legislative chal- Republicans. Well, that is the job of crat at that time thanking me for that lenges before us and not let the Amer- the Republican Senatorial Campaign suggestion. ican people down. Committee, and we have a Member on We have now come to the place, while I’m sad to say, we are not doing these this side who does the same thing. I can assure the Senate that the vast important things. We are not serving But some have said—not this Sen- majority of the Democrats in this the American people by working on the ator—some have said one of the main body—and there are 47 of us—the vast things that affect their day to day reasons that the chairman of the Bank- majority of them are against any ex- lives. Instead, we are debating whether

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1442 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 to extend the Senate Committee’s in- diately, write its report, and let the White House where the White House vestigation into Whitewater indefi- American people hear what the com- counsel could go through them and nitely and if an additional $600,000 for mittee has to say. I believe the Senate provide responsive matters to the com- the investigation should be provided. should get back to the job we were mittee. It was only by chance that I oppose this attempt to extend the elected to do. Get back to meeting the these documents, then, were later dis- hearings indefinitely. The Senate has day to day needs of the American peo- covered in that box that had been sent already spent $950,000 on 277 days of ple. The American public deserves our over to the Peace Corps and then were Whitewater investigation, heard from full attention. put back into the loop so that they more than 100 witnesses, and collected f eventually came to the committee. more than 45,000 pages of documents. A great to-do is made of the fact that Enough is enough. WHITEWATER if you have a fixed date for ending, you Let me tell you what I support. I sup- Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I lis- will not get the documents, and that port Senator DASCHLE’s proposal to tened with great interest while my col- to-do is made over documents that we complete the task at hand by extend- league, the distinguished Senator from have gotten. I find it incredible—in ing the hearing until April 3, 1996, with New York, and his colleagues went on other words, these documents are fur- a final report due on May 10, 1996. I also for some length, and I do not intend to nished to us and then an argument is support letting the Independent Coun- match that length at this hour. I do made if you have a fixed date—as we sel do his work. Three federal judges not think that is really necessary, but did, the date of February 29—you will have given him the job of investigating there are some matters that I think not get the documents. I do not know Whitewater and all related matters. He ought to be reviewed with respect to how you square the two. We get the has more than 130 staff members help- this Whitewater matter. documents. They are provided to us. ing him. There is no time limit or First, a great deal is being made Then the assertion is made if you have spending cap on his investigation, so he about these documents that appear, as a fixed date you will not get the docu- will be able to gather facts in a system- though it is a nefarious plot. I under- ments. We have a fixed date. We got atic and unencumbered way and to in- stand that people like to attach sin- the documents. The people provided vestigate Whitewater thoroughly. The ister intentions, but the explanation them to us in response to the request. results of his investigation will be for it may be far more innocent than I do not understand that argument. Ob- made public. If the Independent Coun- that. And I really want to include in viously, logically, it does not hold to- sel finds wrongdoing, he has the au- the RECORD an article that appeared a gether. thority to bring any lawbreakers to few weeks ago in the New York Times Now, the issue here is essentially the justice. By permitting him to do what by Sidney Herman, a former partner of difference between the request of my none of us can do and what none of us Kenneth Starr. Let me quote from it: colleague from New York, Chairman should be doing, we will get a complete D’AMATO, for an open-ended extension Documents that are relevant to an inves- rendering of the facts. That’s the right tigation are found in an unexpected place 6 of this inquiry, and the proposal put thing to do. That’s what I support. months after they were first sought. A forth by Senator DASCHLE for an exten- What I don’t support is using Senate shocking development? Absolutely not. In sion until April 3 for hearings and until committees to play Presidential poli- most major pieces of litigation, files turn up May 10 to file the report. tics. The goal of this proposed exten- late. One side or the other always thinks of When this resolution was first sion is very clear. It’s about Presi- making something of the late appearance. passed, it was passed on the premise dential politics. And, it’s about vili- But these lawyers know the truth. It could that there would be an ending date, fying Mrs. Clinton in the name of Pres- just as easily happen to them. Despite dili- February 29, and the rationale ad- idential politics. This attack on her is gent searches, important papers in large or- vanced in part for that ending date was ganizations are always turning up after the unprecedented. She has voluntarily an- initial and follow-up searches. to keep this matter out of the Presi- swered questions on four occasions dential election year and therefore from the Grand jury and on three occa- Later on he goes on to say: avoid the politicizing of these hearings sions in interviews for the Grand jury, My former partner, Kenneth Starr, knows and the erosion of any public con- numerous written questions, and she all this. As independent counsel in the fidence in the hearings because of a Whitewater investigation, he will take it has been cooperative with the com- into account. But the American people have perception that they were being con- mittee. I know her personally. Like no reason to know that this is a normal oc- ducted for political reasons. many others across the Nation, I have currence. It is not part of their every-day ex- I listened with some amazement ear- deep admiration and respect for her. perience. Reporters really do not have any lier as the Washington Post editorial Like so many other American women reason to know this either, or they may was cited by my colleagues on the she has struggled to meet the demands know and simply choose to ignore it. other side of the aisle in support of of both a career and a family. She is Now, Mr. President, I ask unanimous their position for an unlimited exten- dedicated to her family and she is a consent that article be printed in the sion. Now, that is the position, and I dedicated advocate for children. For RECORD at the end of my remarks. recognize it, of the New York Times. I more than 25 years she worked on be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without recognize that the New York Times’ half of children and families which she objection, it is so ordered. posture is for an indefinite extension; discusses in her book ‘‘It Takes a Vil- (See exhibit 1.) but the Washington Post, which was lage’’. In ‘‘Village’’, Mrs. Clinton Mr. SARBANES. I place it in the also cited in support, said today, very shares with the public her passion, con- RECORD simply to make the point, as clearly, ‘‘The Senate should require the viction, and insight, gleaned from her the article does, that the appearance of committee to complete its work, experience as a mother, daughter, ad- documents a considerable period of produce a final report by a fixed date.’’ vocate, attorney, and First Lady. time after they have been requested is, Now, they question the dates that we Mrs. Clinton has truly inspired a gen- in fact, not a shocking development. put forward as perhaps being too short eration of men, women and children. This goes on all the time, as anyone in- a period. They said a limited extension She has worked to raise her own family volved in litigation or document re- makes sense but an unreasonably short and she has worked to protect a gen- quests well knows. deadline does not. They said 5 weeks eration of children. So I don’t support In each instance, of course, one has may not be enough time. They sug- extending the Senate committee’s in- to judge the explanation for the late- gested maybe there should be a little vestigation into Whitewater. appearing documents with respect to extra time, running in the range of We should not ask taxpayers to con- their plausibility, but as I indicated through April or early May. In other tinue subsidizing this round of Presi- when we were discussing Mr. Gearan words, a few more weeks beyond what dential politics and this attack on Mrs. earlier, his explanation, I thought, was the leader has proposed in the alter- Clinton. Instead, I say, let’s get on very straightforward. He said by mis- native, which my distinguished friend with the business of this country and take these had been packed into a box from Nebraska has suggested was a its citizens. The Senate committee he took with him to the Peace Corps. possible way of approaching this mat- should finish its investigation imme- He thought they had remained at the ter.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1443 In any event, so that readers of the the then-minority leader, Senator That official report is in, but hardly any- RECORD can judge for themselves, I ask DOLE. Time and time again he took the one who has been surfing the Whitewater unanimous consent that this Wash- floor to argue that very strenuously, headlines will know of it. It has been ignored ington Post editorial entitled ‘‘Extend by both the Republicans and a media hungry did the same thing in the meetings for scandal. The Stephens report provides a But With Limits,’’ and which contains that were being held between the lead- blow-by-blow account of virtually every as I said the sentence, ‘‘The Senate ership to work out how that inquiry charge involved in the Whitewater saga. Let should require the committee to com- would be done, and did, in fact, press us put the conclusions firmly on the record. plete its work and produce a final re- for a timeframe at one point of only 2 The quotes below are directly from the Ste- port by a fixed date,’’ which editorial or 3 months, as this book indicates. phens report. has been used by some in support of an Now, the book then goes on to say, And he then goes through questions indefinite extension—for the life of me and I am now quoting it again: that were raised about various activi- I cannot understand how one can do ‘‘It escaped no one’s attention that ties and the conclusions of the report. that, can make that argument. I ask an investigation that spilled into 1988 And then goes on to say: unanimous consent that editorial be could only help keep Republicans on The report concludes: On this record there printed in the RECORD at the end of my the defensive during an election year. is no basis to charge the Clintons with any remarks. Both Inouye and Hamilton rec- kind of primary liability for fraud or inten- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ommended rejecting’’ and I underscore tional misconduct. This investigation has re- objection, it is so ordered. that. ‘‘rejecting the opportunity to vealed no evidence to support any such claims. Nor would the record support any (See exhibit 2.) prolong, and thereby exploit President Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I claim of secondary or derivative liability for Reagan’s difficulties, determining that the possible misdeeds of others. want to point out with respect to both 10 months would provide enough time Stephens’s firm—Pillsbury, Madison & the Gearan and Ickes notes, because to uncover any wrongdoing.’’ Sutro—spent two years and almost $4 mil- the point was raised that we have these I want to underscore to this body lion to reach its conclusions and rec- notes and we got them late in the day. that the Democratic leadership of the ommended that no further resources be ex- The fact is the committee held a full Congress, as that book states, Chair- pended on the Whitewater part of this inves- tigation. day of hearing with Mr. Gearan and a man HAMILTON from the House and Pillsbury, Madison actually asked for full day of hearing with Mr. Ickes with Chairman INOUYE from the Senate, respect to their notes. There was an op- agreed to a defined timeframe as the a tolling agreement from the Rose Law Firm at the end of December, because portunity to examine their notes, see minority leader, Senator DOLE, had of some new material that had come the contents of their notes, bring them pressed for very, very hard. And, of out. And then subsequent to that we in before the committee, and have a course, the reason was to keep it out of received the billing records of Mrs. hearing with respect to them. the 1988 Presidential election year and, Clinton from the Rose firm. Other mat- The White House has, in effect, now therefore, not turn the inquiry into a ters came of public record, and they ex- responded to every request of the com- political football. amined all of those before they sub- mittee. We have some e-mails to be ob- That was the thinking here last year mitted their final report, which has tained, but that is almost completed. I when we passed Senate Resolution 120 just come in today. In that report they outlined earlier the difficult problems with an ending date of February 29, conclude, as they had concluded ear- that were associated with the e-mails. 1996, which is where we find ourselves lier, that there was no basis on any of First of all, the extraordinary and on- now. That was the thinking. And many the matters they investigated—and erous breadth of the committee’s re- of us have taken the view, and I hold to they went carefully through quite a quest and the fact that the Bush ad- it very strongly, that extending the in- long litany of them— ministration had put in a procedure, a quiry deep into a Presidential election . . . no basis on which to charge the Clin- process at the White House that made year will seriously undermine the the recovery of those e-mails ex- tons with any kind of primary liability for credibility of this investigation and fraud or intentional conduct, nor would the tremely difficult. The White House fi- create a public perception that this in- record support any claim of secondary or de- nally had to bring in a consultant, and vestigation is being conducted for po- rivative liability for the possible misdeeds of they are expending hundreds of thou- litical purposes. I think that is clearly others. sands of dollars in order to provide happening, and I think the effort to This report needs, obviously, to be those e-mails. The ones that have been have the inquiry continue on through carefully examined by my colleagues. provided thus far, the weeks covered, the Presidential election year will con- It is a very important report; $4 mil- have not produced anything. That is in tribute to that. lion of public money was expended on a very real sense a fishing expedition. I was very much interested in an edi- it. And it reached the conclusions It has not produced anything thus far. torial that appeared in U.S. News & which I have just outlined. Now, Mr. President, a lot has been World Report on January 29, by its edi- Mr. President, I think the proposal made of citing the book by Senator tor in chief, Mortimer Zuckerman. that Senator DASCHLE has put forward Mitchell and Senator COHEN with re- I ask unanimous consent that edi- is an eminently reasonable proposal. It spect to having a firm deadline and torial be printed in the RECORD at the is argued, on the one hand, we need their feeling that the Iran-Contra in- end of my remarks. even an indefinite time because we quiry would have worked better with- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without need to get more material. The mate- out a firm deadline. Of course, as my objection, it is so ordered. rial has now all come—an extraor- colleague from Connecticut pointed (See exhibit 3.) dinary request for material, some of it out earlier, there has been no inquiry Mr. SARBANES. In the course of it delayed, in my judgment, because of conducted in the Senate without a firm he says, and let me just quote it: how far-reaching and onerous the docu- deadline. This is an entirely new and It would be foolish to expect a congres- ment requests were. Other items were different precedent that was going to sional investigation to be above politics. But delayed because people misplaced be established. at what point, in a decent democracy, does them, did not find them. They have Let me just quote from their book: politics have to yield to objectivity? At what point does rumor have to retreat before now been provided to the committee. At the time, the setting of a deadline for The other argument that is made, the completion of the committee’s work truth? In Whitewater that point would seem to have been reached when we have had an which is an interesting argument given seemed a reasonable and responsible com- the record of this committee, is that promise between Democratic members in independent, exhaustive study of the case both the House of Representatives and the under the supervision of a former Republican we now need to await the trial in Ar- Senate who wanted no time limitation U.S. attorney, Jay Stephens. kansas. It was recognized in Senate placed upon the committee, and Republican Of course, he is referring there to the Resolution 120 that the independent Members who wanted the hearings completed study that was commissioned by the counsel was already at work, and it within 2 or 3 months. RTC, from the Pillsbury, Madison, was never anticipated that the com- As an aside, I may note that probably Sutro law firm. mittee would defer its work to the the strongest advocate of a time limi- He goes on a little later in that edi- independent counsel in such a way as tation for the committee’s work was torial to say: to go beyond the February 29 deadline.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1444 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 In fact, when the independent coun- to assume that they will continue to do $950,000 his committee has spent so far plus sel in September of last year indicated so. So then they are not going to be- $400,000 that was devoted to a Senate Bank- to the committee to forbear until some come available to the committee in ing Committee inquiry into Whitewater in unspecified time any investigation and any event. And the committee has to 1994. The partisan motives behind Senator D’Amato’s request could not be more obvi- public hearings into many of the mat- do its work and make its report. ous. ters specified in Senate Resolution 120, We have taken an extraordinary we rejected that in a joint letter which number of depositions. Much of what They then go on along this vein. Senator D’AMATO and I sent to Mr. we are now looking at, which involves They also make the point in con- Starr. We stated: matters that occurred in Arkansas 10 cluding that the independent counsel We have now determined that the special and 15 years ago, had been covered vo- will continue his investigation and, committee should not delay its investigation luminously in the press. I am really al- therefore, the legal and business affairs of the remaining matters specified in Senate most staggered by the fact that we of the President and Mrs. Clinton will Resolution 120. hold a hearing and then it is asserted, be scrutinized by the independent We went on to say: well, new revelations came out at this counsel. We believe that the concerns expressed in hearing. We held a hearing with Ickes. This editorial actually called for end- your letter do not outweigh the Senate’s And everyone said, ‘‘My goodness, we ing on February 29 as the resolution strong interest in concluding its investiga- have discovered that a special team provided. The distinguished minority tion and public hearings into the matters was set up in the White House to deal leader has in effect come forward and specified in Senate Resolution 120 consistent with the Whitewater matter in Janu- said we will not press this immediate with section 9 of the resolution. ary of 1994.’’ A newspaper account in cutoff. We are prepared for the hear- Section 9 is the provision of the reso- early January of 1994 states that a spe- ings to go on for a limited further pe- lution which called for the February 29 cial team under the direction of Mr. riod of time, and for a period of time concluding date for the work of this Ickes was set up. So he comes in. We after that in order to do the report. I committee. have these notes. He comes in and tes- think that is a very forthcoming pro- And we went on to say: tifies. We have the situation in the posal, and I very strongly commend it Accordingly, we have determined that the committee where the establishment of to my colleagues on the other side of special committee will begin its next round this team and him as the head of it is of public hearings in late October of 1995. the aisle. This round of hearings will focus primarily considered as a new discovery when Mr. President, I yield the floor. there is a newspaper story from 2 years on the matters specified in section (1)(b)(2) of EXHIBIT 1 Senate Resolution 120, and through the re- earlier stating that such a team was mainder of this year the special committee being set up and that he would head it [From the New York Times, Jan. 27, 1996] will investigate the remaining matters speci- up. DOCUDRAMA fied in Senate Resolution 120 with the inten- Interestingly enough, the article that (By Sidney N. Herman) tion of holding public hearings thereon be- was written on the day after the hear- ginning in January 1996. Documents that are relevant to an inves- ing paralleled the article that was tigation are found in an unexpected place six That was our position then. I thought written 2 years earlier. The January months after they were first sought. A it was a correct position. It was not an- 7th, 1994—not 1996, 1994—article in the shocking development? ticipated that the committee would Washington Post stated, and I quote: Absolutely not. In most major pieces of defer its work until after the inde- With the start of the new year, the White litigation, files turn up late. One side or the pendent counsel has pursued his trials. House launched a major internal effort to other always thinks of making something of It is now said this trial. But he has fight back against mounting criticism of the the late appearance, but these lawyers know other trials in the offing as well, all of way it has handled inquiries into President the truth: it could just as easily happen to which, of course, would serve to carry Clinton’s Arkansas land investments. A them. high-powered damage control squad was ap- Despite diligent searches, important pa- this inquiry on into infinity. pointed under the direction of new Deputy Just to underscore it with respect to pers in large organizations are always turn- Chief of Staff, Harold Ickes, and daily strat- ing up after the initial and follow-up Mr. Hale because we, the minority, egy sessions began. searches. How many times have you looked have pressed repeatedly throughout for That is in 1994. Then we get notes for something on your desk and couldn’t find bringing Mr. Hale in, seeking through from Ickes about a meeting of the spe- it, only to have it appear right under your subpoena to obtain his documents—and cial strategy session that he is heading nose later? Happens all the time. that has consistently been delayed— up, and that is treated as though we Indeed, as every litigator knows, there is this issue was considered at a hearing discovered something new. In fact, the nothing worse than having an important on the 28th of November, and Chairman document show up late. You’ve only high- article reporting on the hearing par- lighted its absence for your opponent. If you D’AMATO said the following. I now alleled the article written 2 years ear- know where it is, it is far better to include quote: lier. it in the initial delivery of relevant papers, I would like to bring him, Hale, in sooner That is what we have been going where it gets mixed in with the rest of the rather than later so that he can testify and through; I mean a replowing of mate- morass. Why red-flag it by holding it back? so that he can be examined. If we drag this, rial that has already been available My former partner, Kenneth Starr, knows if this matter is dragged out into February all this. As independent counsel in the or later, I believe legitimate questions can generally in the press and out to the public. In fact, the Atlanta Constitu- Whitewater investigation, he will take it be raised as to why bringing him in so late into account. and getting into next year and the political tion in the editorial that my colleague, But the American people have no reason to season—and I think that is a very legitimate Senator PRYOR, cited of February 15 know that this is a normal occurrence; it is concern of this committee—both Democrats states: not part of their everyday experience. Re- and Republicans and I would like to avoid The Senate’s Watergate hearings of 1973 porters really don’t have any reason to know that. and 1974 were momentous delving into White this either. Or they may know, and simply It certainly was a legitimate concern House abuses of power and leading to the res- choose to ignore it. ignation of the disgraced President and the and the effort to press to move on the Last summer, notes that were critical to imprisonment of many of his aides. They Hale matter never was realized. The the celebrated libel suit brought by Jeffrey lasted 279 days. Next week, Senator Alfonse Masson against the writer Janet Malcolm minority staff continually sent memo- D’Amato, Republican of New York and his appeared in her private study, years after randa to the majority about Hale and fellow Whitewater investigators, will surpass they were first sought. I recall that dis- nothing was done about it. We now find that mark. Today is the 275th day, and they covery being treated as an interesting hap- ourselves finding this being used as an have nothing anywhere near conclusive to penstance, nothing more. argument to defer the hearings to the show for their labors. To put matters in con- When documents show up belatedly, even other side of the trial. As I said, the text, all they have to ponder is a fairly ob- scure 1980’s real estate and banking scandal in private quarters, there is simply nothing trial is not going to be in secret. So the unusual about it. matters developed at the trial will be, in Arkansas. With the February 29th expira- tion date for the special panel staring him in EXHIBIT 2 I can assure you, on the public record the face, Senator D’AMATO has the effrontery [From the Washington Post, Feb. 29, 1996] and available to the public. to ask the Senate for more time and money Many of the witnesses sought have to continue drilling dry investigative holes. EXTEND, BUT WITH LIMITS indicated they will take the fifth Specifically, he wants open-ended authority We noted the other day that the White amendment. And there is every reason and another $600,000. That is on top of House—through its tardiness in producing

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1445 long-sought subpoenaed documents—has It would be foolish to expect a congres- Street Journal, what you have is smoke and helped Senate Banking Committee Chairman sional investigation to be above politics. But no fire. No Whitewater wrongdoing to cover Alfonse D’Amato make his case for extend- at what point, in a decent democracy, does up, no incriminating documents to be stolen, ing the Whitewater investigation beyond to- politics have to yield to objectivity? At what no connection between the Clintons and any day’s expiration date. If one didn’t know any point does rumor have to retreat before illegal activities from the real-estate busi- better, one might conclude that the adminis- truth? In Whitewater that point would seem ness failure and the web of political and legal tration’s Whitewater strategy was being de- to have been reached when we have had an ties known as Whitewater. vised not by a White House response team independent, exhaustive study of the case But wait. What about the time sheets but by the high command of the Republican under the supervision of a former Republican showing the amount of legal work that Hil- National Committee. U.S. attorney, Jay Stephens, a man whose lary Clinton performed for the failed S&L? However, despite the administration’s credibility is enhanced by the fact that he Surely we have some flames there? Again, many pratfalls since Whitewater burst on- was such a political adversary of the Clin- no. Her role, says the Stephens report, was stage, Sen. D’Amato and his Republican col- tons that his appointment provoked Clinton minimal. Mrs. Clinton did perform real-es- leagues have not provided compelling evi- aide George Stephanopoulos to call for his tate work in 1985 and 1986 pertaining to an dence to support the entirely open ended removal. Yes? No. That official report is in, option for about 2 percent of the land, but as mandate they are seeking from the Senate. but hardly anyone who has been surfing the the report says, that was at most related There are loose ends to be tied up and other Whitewater headlines will know of it. It has only tangentially to the acquisition itself. witnesses to be heard, as Republican Sen. been ignored by both the Republicans and a Mrs. Clinton did not play a legal part in the Christopher Bond said the other day. But media hungry for scandal. The Stephens re- original acquisition of the land, known as dragging the proceedings out well into the port provides a blow-by-blow account of vir- castle Grande, although the Rose Law Firm presidential campaign advances the GOP’s tually every charge involved in the White- did. Both sides pointed out that the prin- political agenda; it doesn’t necessarily serve water saga. Let us put the conclusions firm- cipals, as opposed to the lawyers, put to- the ends of justice or the need to learn what ly on the record. The quotes below are di- gether the deal. The lawyers did only the made the Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan rectly from the Stephens report. scrivener work, and if this transaction was a of Arkansas go off the tracks at such enor- Question 1: Were the Clintons involved in sham, there is ‘‘no substantial evidence that mous cost to American taxpayers. The Sen- the illegal diversion of any money from the the Rose Law Firm knowingly and substan- ate should allow the committee to complete failed Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan, ei- tially assisted in its commission.’’ As for the option, the report says there is the investigative phase of its inquiry, includ- ther to their own pockets or to Clinton’s 1984 no evidence that Mrs. Clinton knew of any il- ing a complete examination of the Clinton’s gubernatorial campaign? ‘‘On this record, legalities in this transaction: ‘‘The option involvement with the defunct Whitewater there is no basis to assert that the Clintons did not assist in the closing of the acquisi- Development Corp. and their business rela- knew anything of substance about the tion. It...was created many months after tionships with other Arkansas figures in- McDougals’ advances to Whitewater, the the transaction closed. The option...does volved in financial wrongdoing. But the Sen- source of the funds used to make those ad- not prove any awareness on the part of its ate should require the committee to com- vances, or the source of the funds used to author of Ward’s [Madison’s partner] ar- plete its work and produce a final report by make payments on bank debt....For the rangements with Madison Finan- a fixed date. relevant period (ending in 1986), the evidence cial....While Mrs. Clinton seems to have Democrats want to keep the committee on suggests that the McDougals and not the had some role in drafting the May 1, 1986, op- a short leash by extending hearings to April Clintons managed Whitewater.’’ tion, nothing proves that she did so knowing 3, with a final report to follow by May 10. A Question 2: What of money diverted to the it to be wrong, and the theories that tie this limited extension makes sense, but an unrea- campaign? No evidence has been unearthed option to wrongdoing or to the straw-man sonably short deadline does not. Five weeks that any campaign worker for Clinton knew arrangements are strained at best.’’ may not be enough time for the committee of any wrongdoing pertaining to any funds Rep. James Leach’s spokesman asserts to do a credible job. Instead, the Senate that might have come out of Madison into that Hillary Clinton’s minimal work on the should give the committee more running Clinton’s campaign. option put her ‘‘at the center of a fraudulent room but aim for ending the entire pro- Question 3: Did taxpayers suffer from deal,’’ and D’Amato says that her billing ceedings before summer, when the campaign Whitewater through Madison’s losses on the records show tremendous inconsistencies season really heats up. That would argue for investment? No. Whitewater did not hurt with her previous statements on the time permitting the probe to continue through Madison, the possible exceptions being a cou- she spent on Whitewater. Fraud? The only April or early May. ple of payments involving James and Susan fraud lies in these congressional statements; What the Senate does not need is a Demo- McDougal. The report says the Clintons they are a political fraud on a credulous pub- crat-led filibuster. Having already gone bail knew nothing about the payments. lic. On the role of real-estate lawyers, I must for the Clinton White House, often to an em- Question 4: Did the Clintons make any endorse the Stephens judgments here from barrassing degree, Senate Democrats would money? The report says they did not; in- my personal business experience of thou- do themselves and the president little good stead, they borrowed $40,000 to put into sands of real-estate transactions. Never, not by tying up the Senate with a talkathon. Whitewater and lost it. Question 5: What of the charge from David once, have my lawyers drawing up legal doc- Better that they let the probe proceed. Give Hale, former municipal judge and Little uments determined the business terms or the the public some credit for knowing a witch Rock businessman, that Bill Clinton pres- appropriateness of the price. hunt and a waste of their money if and when sured him to make an improper Small Busi- It is appalling that the smoke and smear they see one. And that, of course, is the risk ness Administration loan of $300,000 to Susan game has been played so long by the Repub- Sen. D’Amato and his committee are taking. McDougal? As to the $300,000 loan to Mrs. licans and the media that everyone is tagged The burden is also on them. McDougal, ‘‘there is nothing except an un- with some kind of presumption of guilt rath- EXHIBIT 3 substantiated press report that David Hale er than a presumption of innocence. The dou- [From the U.S. News & World Report, Jan. claims then-Governor Clinton pressured him ble standard of judgment is well illustrated 29, 1996] into making the loan to Susan McDougal.’’ by the performance of those standard-setting newspapers, the New York Times and the THE REAL WHITEWATER REPORT The charge lacked credibility in any event. It was made when Hale sought personal Washington Post. The Times originally (By Mortimer B. Zuckerman) clemency in a criminal charge of defrauding broke the Whitewater story on its front page Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long the SBA. with a jump to a full inside page. What did last? Have you left no sense of decency? What’s left? Nothing. The report con- it do with Stephens’s report? Ran it on Page Forty years ago, Joseph Welch, a venerable cludes: ‘‘On this record there is no basis to 12, in a 12-inch story. The Post’s priorities Boston lawyer, thus rebuked Joe McCarthy charge the Clintons with any kind of pri- were so distorted that it mentioned the find- in the Army-McCarthy hearings and stopped mary liability for fraud or intentional mis- ings in only the 11th paragraph of a front- his reckless persecution of a naive but inno- conduct. This investigation has revealed no page story devoted to a much less important cent young man. How one longs for a Joseph evidence to support any such claims. Nor Whitewater subpoena battle. Most other Welch to emerge in the middle of the ex- would the record support any claim of sec- major papers ran very short stores on inside traordinary affair now known as Whitewater! ondary or derivative liability for the possible pages, and the networks virtually ignored The parallels between Sen. Alfonse misdeeds of others.’’ the report. D’Amato’s investigation of a land deal in Ar- Stephen’s firm—Pillsbury, Madison & The press has slipped its moorings here. It kansas and McCarthy’s investigation of com- Sutro—spent two years and almost $4 mil- seems to be caught in a time warp from the munism in the Army are hardly exact, but lion to reach its conclusions and rec- Nixon-Watergate era. The two questions there is an uncanny echo of 1954 in the fever ommended ‘‘that no further resources be ex- then—what did the president know and when of political innuendo we are now experi- pended on the Whitewater part of this inves- did he know it?—were at the very heart of encing and in the failure of an excitable tigation.’’ Amen. the matter. The two questions now—what press to set it all in proper perspective. So when you cut through all the smoke did the president’s wife know and when did Then, as now, the public found itself lost in from D’Amato’s committee and almost she know it?—seem a childish irrelevance by a welter of allegation, reduced to mumbling hysterical press reports such as those ema- comparison. The time, money, and political the old line about ‘‘no smoke without fire.’’ nating from the editorial page of the Wall energy spent barking up the wrong tree are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 quite amazing. The press gives the impres- was the guardian. Russian officers resent the wants to spend more on defense, particularly sion that it has invested so much capital in dimunition of national power as much as when social budgets are crippling national the search for a scandal that it cannot drop they are frustrated by the drop in their economies. It seems inevitable, therefore, it when the scandal evaporates. The Repub- units’ ability to perform. Inefficiency is so that armies must grow smaller but become licans give the impression that if one slander glaring that self-appointed volunteer forma- all-regular if they are to meet international does not work, they will try another. No tions, often calling themselves ‘‘Cossacks,’’ standards of efficiency. wonder the nation holds Congress, the White are springing up. The French appear to have accepted that House and the media in such contempt; the Military disgruntlement in circumstances logic. people know that the press seems to be act- of political weakness always bodes ill. The President Jacques Chirac is about to be ad- ing like a baby—a huge appetite at one end need to put the former Soviet armed forces vised that France should withdraw the 1st and no sense of responsibility at the other. on a proper footing is now urgent. Armed Division, its main contribution to the We have a topsy-turvy situation here. The Poland, where the army is a revered na- Franco-German Eurocorps, from Germany Republicans win the case on merit over bal- tional institution, still operates a successful and disband several of its regiments, to- ancing the budget but are losing it politi- conscription system. Neighboring states, gether with many others in metropolitan cally on the basis of public perception. The such as Belarus and Ukraine, are laboring to France. The army would be halved. Clintons have the better case on Whitewater decide what sort of army they want. They That may make good military sense, but it but are losing it politically because of smear look to the West for advice. is likely to cause a political storm. Demo- and slander, a situation compounded by their The British Defense Ministry held a con- cratic France, like Germany, harbors sus- defensive behavior. The media seem unwill- ference in London last year to explain the picions of regular forces. They are thought ing to focus on the substance of either issue. options to them. The British model of all- to be anti-popular and all too readily turned So much for a responsible press! ‘‘regular’’—that is, career or volunteer— against elected governments. Mr. WARNER addressed the Chair. forces is much admired, but is too expensive French history, like Germany’s makes for many. Conscription staggers on but does such fears realistic. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not produce combat units worth the money Napoleon III came to power through a mili- ator from Virginia is recognized. they cost. tary coup mounted with long-service troops. f The crisis in France and Germany is of a Charles de Gaulle faced another coup mount- different order. ed by the Foreign Legion in Algeria. The EUROPEAN ARMIES DOWNSIZE Conscription in France, since the French Foreign Legion has never been allowed to Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I read Revolution, has always been given an ideo- serve in mainland France during peacetime with great interest an article in the logical value. Military service, the French because of fears about its loyalty. believe, teaches the ‘‘republican virtues’’ of Washington Times a few days ago. I In Germany, which already has some all- equality and fraternity, besides patriotism regular units, the public is probably no more ask unanimous consent to have it and civic duty. ready to face a transition to the British sys- printed in the RECORD. There have been ups and downs in the sys- tem than is Mr. Kohl. The paradoxical out- There being no objection, the article tem: exemptions for the well-educated, sub- come may be to leave Germany with the was ordered to be printed in the stitution for the rich. Since 1905, however, least efficient of armies among major Euro- RECORD, as follows: all fit young Frenchmen have had to serve a pean states. year or two in the ranks. [From the Washington Times, Feb. 26, 1996] German generals, who increasingly count The logic is different from that held by on existing all-regular units to fulfill their EUROPEAN ARMIES LOSE SIZE, EFFICIENCY Britons, who pine for the days before 1961, NATO commitments, will not be pleased. CONSCRIPTION NOT WORKING; ALL-VOLUNTEER when conscription was abolished. They see it They are likely to press for an end to con- TOO EXPENSIVE as a recipe for an end to inner-city scription but unlikely to get it. (By John Keegan) hooliganism. In France it has a higher mo- The difficulties involved in a change from tive. Military service makes Frenchmen into conscript to regular forces are not easily un- LONDON.—The state may not be withering citizens. derstood in Britain, nor is the political de- away, as Karl Marx predicted it would, but In Germany, conscription also acquired an bate it causes. The British take their sys- Europe’s armies are. ideological justification in the post-Hitler tem, together with the political stability of Only seven years ago, Europe was awash years. their armed forces, for granted. with combat units. Now they are so thin on Under the kaiser, it was intended to What is not perceived is that such stability the ground that governments can scarcely produce the biggest army in Europe, but also is the product of 300 years of unbroken con- meet their military commitments. And the to make German youth respectful of their stitutional government, during which the of- situation is getting worse. betters and obedient to all authority. The ficer corps has completely integrated with The problem is conscription. Young Euro- imperial officer corps took trouble to see civil society. There is, indeed, no ‘‘officer peans do not want to perform military serv- that their authority was obeyed. Regular of- corps’’ in Britain, where soldiering is seen as ice, even for as little as a year, now the ficers remained a caste apart from civilians, a profession akin to others. norm. even under Hitler. In Germany and France, with their dif- Paradoxically, the generals are not keen When postwar West Germany rearmed, its ferent traditions, it may not take 300 years on conscription either. As a result, the big democratic government harbored under- to change the relationship between army and armies, such as those of France and Ger- standable fears of creating such an office society, but it will still take some time. In many, are planning either to increase the corps again. It saw in conscription a check the former Soviet bloc, time may not be on proportion of volunteers or to scrap con- against military authoritarianism. the military reformers’ side. scription altogether. Conscripts were guaranteed their civil France announced Thursday the most rights, military law was abolished, and con- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, this ar- sweeping changes in its military since it de- scientious objection was made easy. ticle was written by John Keegan of veloped nuclear weapons nearly 40 years ago, Too easy, it has proved. the London Daily Telegraph in which saying it will shrink its armed forces by one- More than half of the 300,000 annual he stated the historical perspective of third in six years and eliminate the draft. conscripts now opt for alternative, non-mili- how the principal European nations The French want a force of 350,000 by 2002, all tary service. There are simply not enough and Great Britain have, through the of it volunteer. men to keep units up to strength. years, raised their Armed Forces, and Smaller armies in Europe have taken simi- What makes things worse is that Chan- lar steps. The Netherlands will call up no cellor Helmut Kohl, with his passion for Eu- how the future portends that they are new conscripts and release all those in serv- ropean integration, is pushing for more going to depart from these time-hon- ice by Aug. 30. Belgium stopped conscription inter-allied units, with Germans serving be- ored methods, and, as a consequence, in 1993. Austria, not part of NATO, is talking side French, Spanish and Belgian soldiers. the likelihood of their level of man- of substituting an armed police for its army. Spain retains conscription, though the power could significantly drop in the In the former Soviet bloc, the situation is short term of service makes its army of lit- coming years. confused at best, chaotic at worst. tle use. If French and Belgian troops are to I promptly sent a letter to the Sec- Russia’s problem is that young men of be regulars in the future, the difference in retary of Defense, the Honorable Wil- military age do not report for the call-up. In quality between them and their German and some military regions, the proportion of Spanish comrades-in-arms will become an liam J. Perry, addressing my concerns. those who do is as low as 10 percent, and embarrassment. The letter said: they tend to be unqualified—often dropouts The solution may be to make all soldiers DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I want to bring to who cannot find a place in the new free-en- regulars, to go for what Europeans increas- your attention the enclosed article, ‘‘Euro- terprise economy. That does much to explain ingly call ‘‘the British system.’’ The problem pean Armies Lose Size, Efficiency,’’ which the poor performance of Russian units in is cost. appeared in the ‘‘Washington Times’’ on Feb- Chechnya. Regulars are at least twice as expensive as ruary 26. The Russian army has been humiliated by conscripts, requiring either a bigger defense According to this article, European na- the collapse of the Soviet empire, of which it budget or smaller armed forces. No one tions—many of which are Members of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1447 NATO—are in the process of dramatically re- the men and women in the Armed from his position as Staff Director to return ducing the size of their ground forces. Such Forces on active duty today, and, in- to the private sector. developments could have adverse con- deed, the retired military, will receive Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I sug- sequences for the future of NATO, and re- with pride the news that one of their gest the absence of a quorum. quire ever-increasing U.S. military contribu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tions to the Alliance to compensate for Eu- own, one who has distinguished himself so well in uniform, as well as in service Clerk will call the roll. ropean shortfalls. In such developments con- The assistant legislative clerk pro- tinue, NATO’s ability to fulfill its commit- to the committee, has been selected to ments under Article 5 of the ‘‘NATO Char- this very, very important post. ceeded to call the roll. ter’’ could be called into question. I add, Mr. President, the fact that Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask As Chairman of the AirLand Forces Sub- while Colonel Brownlee had not in any unanimous consent that the order for committee of the Armed Services Com- way actively looked at outside oppor- the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mittee—the Subcommittee with primary ju- tunities because he is a strict adherent risdiction over NATO and the European objection, it is so ordered. to the rules of conflict of interest here, Command—I will need information from the f Department of Defense in order to assess the it was clear to me in our conversations impact on the United States of the issues that, in all probability, having spent 12 NEW MEXICO, THE LAND OF raised in the enclosed article. In particular, years on the committee and having ENCHANTMENT I am concerned about the long-term plans for many years before him of useful and Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, once meeting our NATO commitments in light of productive life, thoughts were given to the reductions planned by our European al- again, 1 of our 50 is missing. If that the more lucrative opportunities that seems like an enigmatic statement, lies; the need for increased U.S. military are frequently offered by the private contributions to the Alliance to offset the bear with me a little longer. I have a European reductions; and the adequacy of sector. But he clearly decided, once story to relate to you that proves true current U.S. force structure planning to again, on the offer to serve his Nation, once again the adage that truth is meet our NATO commitments in light of serve this Senate, and indeed serve the often stranger than fiction. these changes. Armed Forces of the United States. On Tuesday of this week one of my During a time when NATO expansion is The call came, and he responded constituents, a man named Wade Mil- being actively considered, by some, these unhesitatingly. ler, of Santa Fe, NM, called the Olym- issues must be thoroughly examined. I ask I ask unanimous consent that the pic ticket office in Atlanta, GA, in the that you provide your assessment as soon as press release accompanying the an- possible in order for my Subcommittee to in- United States—Atlanta, GA, USA. He corporate this information into its upcoming nouncement by Chairman THURMOND be was calling them to request tickets for budget review and schedule of hearings. I am printed in the RECORD. the Olympics, I say to my friend from hopeful your reply will be detailed, as I view There being no objection, the mate- New York. Instead, imagine his sur- the representations in this article with deep rial was ordered to be printed in the prise when he was told that since he concern. RECORD, as follows: was calling from New Mexico with his f THURMOND APPOINTS NEW SASC DIRECTOR request, he would need to consult with SENATOR THURMOND APPOINTS WASHINGTON, FEB. 27. 1996.—Chairman of the Mexican or Puerto Rican Olympic ROMIE L. BROWNLEE AS NEW the Senate Armed Services Committee Committees in order to get tickets— Strom Thurmond (R–SC) today appointed not the Olympic office in Atlanta, SENATE ARMED SERVICES COM- longtime committee staff member Romie L. MITTEE DIRECTOR which, I repeat, is in Georgia, USA. Brownlee as the new Staff Director for the Keep in mind that the area code for Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I com- Committee. New Mexico is 505. The area code for pliment the chairman of the Armed Brownlee, a retired Army Colonel, has worked on defense issues in the Senate since Atlanta is 404. I checked it myself, and Services Committee, Senator THUR- 1984, when he began his career in the Legisla- this does not register as an inter- MOND, for his selection of Col. Les tive Branch as a National Security Assistant national call. If it was, my poor con- Brownlee as the new staff director of to Senator John Warner (R–VA), and then stituent, who argued with them for a the Armed Services Committee. Colo- joined the Committee in 1987 as the Deputy half hour to 45 minutes trying to con- nel Brownlee has served me with ex- Staff Director for the Minority. Before being vince them that New Mexico was, in- traordinary professionalism for 12 named Staff Director, Brownlee was respon- deed, in the United States, would have years. He brings to this position a sible for handling issues related to the Army a real telephone bill. There was even record of significant achievement as a and Marine Corps land forces, Special Oper- some debate about old Mexico versus highly decorated career military offi- ations Forces, and drug interdiction. ‘‘Les Brownlee is extremely well qualified New Mexico. But when all was said and cer for his valor in combat, service to serve as Staff Director of the Senate done they still told him that, no, you with the Army Secretariat, special as- Armed Services Committee, as he is a man cannot buy any tickets from us. You sistant to the undersecretary of the with a keen intellect and proven abilities,’’ have to get them from either the Mexi- Army, and many other qualifications. said Thurmond. ‘‘He is widely respected by can or Puerto Rican—they were not I wish to compliment the chairman senior members of the armed forces, by Sen- sure, I guess—Olympic office. for the selection of Colonel Brownlee, ators serving on the Armed Services Com- Finally, Mr. Miller produced a mail- who, although he has been in my em- mittee, and by his fellow staffers. We are for- ing address in Arizona and asked if his ploy, so to speak, for a dozen years, tunate to have him as our new Director.’’ A native Texan, Brownlee was commis- tickets could be mailed to that address. now will owe his total allegiance to the sioned a Second Lieutenant of Infantry fol- They established on the phone that chairman and all other members of the lowing his 1962 graduation from the Univer- yes, Arizona was in the United States committee. I was so pleased when sity of Wyoming. Brownlee served two tours and that tickets could be sent there. Chairman THURMOND consulted me on in Vietnam, including one as a Company Alas, the identity crisis for New Mex- this nomination that he had in mind Commander with the 173rd Airborne Brigade. ico, USA, seems to continue. And while some days ago. Of course, I strongly During his career, Brownlee earned a number I’m pleased we could all agree that Ari- recommended Colonel Brownlee, and I of decorations including two Silver Stars, zona, our distinguished neighbor to our am pleased that the chairman did se- three Bronze Stars, and a Purple Heart. In subsequent years, Brownlee would hold post- west, is a State, I must point out that lect him from the strong field of can- ings that included serving as Commander of New Mexico was actually a State even didates to become the staff director. the 3rd Battalion, 36th Infantry, and at the before Arizona, although not by much. Colonel Brownlee is well known Pentagon as the executive officer for the So, as the Senator from New Mex- throughout the Senate and the staffs. Under Secretary of the Army. He earned a ico—although I guess the Olympic He has worked here by my side and by Master’s of Business Administration from Committee would simply call me a del- the side of many others, including Sen- the University of Alabama, graduated from egate, not a Senator—I must once more ators Tower, Goldwater, NUNN, and the Army War College, is a distinguished rise to refresh everyone’s memory. New many members of the committee, in graduate from the Army’s highly demanding Mexico—that large span of land be- Ranger Course, and is an Honor Graduate of the preparation of our legislative re- both the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, tween the oil wells of Texas and the sponsibilities, which have been dis- and the Command and General Staff College. saguaros of Arizona—is in the United charged here on the floor through these Brownlee is replacing retired Brigadier States. I flew home during the last re- many years. I would like to think that General Richard Reynard, who is resigning cess and they did not book me on an

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1448 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 international flight, nor did I need to urday, March 2, a band of Texans gath- According to the January 30, New pass through customs on my way. And ered in Washington-on-the-Brazos and York Times article ‘‘Odds of Another while my passport is in order, I can as- declared our Independence from Mex- Oil Crisis: Saudi Stability Plays a sure you I did not need it to land at Al- ico. Around them raged a fierce war for Large Role,’’ Saudi Arabia, which sits buquerque International Sunport. that Independence. I would like the on 25 percent of the world’s proven oil I might also remind the Senate, and Senate to remember the many brave reserves—that’s approximately 260 bil- also the Olympic organizers in Atlanta, Texans who gave their lives in that war lion barrels—is politically vulnerable. that New Mexico was admitted to the as I read the last letter sent from the There is increasing tension between Union as the 47th State in January Alamo on February 24, 1836. In reading the Sunni majority and the Shiite mi- 1912. It lies directly south of Colorado, this letter, I continue a tradition nority; tensions within the royal fam- east of Arizona, west of Texas, and begun by my late friend, Senator John ily have been widely reported. north of the Mexican border. Let me Tower. Here then is the letter of Col. Mr. President, a power struggle could repeat, north of the Mexican border. William Barrett Travis, from his fort easily lead to violence with a disas- You may know it as one of the larger at San Antonio. trous effect on the price of oil. Of pieces in jigsaw puzzles of the United To the people of Texas and all Americans course, we all pray that Saudi Arabia States. in the world: remains stable, politically, economi- In fact, New Mexico has one of the Fellow citizens and compatriots—I am be- cally, and otherwise. This is a concern longest histories of any State in the sieged by a thousand or more of the Mexi- that has bothered me for years. Union, starting with our ancient In- cans under Santa Anna. I have sustained a Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- dian cultures, almost four centuries of continual bombardment and cannonade for sent that the aforementioned article be 24 hours and have not lost a man. The enemy printed in the RECORD at the conclu- Hispanic ancestry, and nearly 200 years has demanded a surrender at discretion, oth- of American settlement. It is a dra- erwise, the garrison are to be put to the sion of my remarks and, needless to matic land of scenic vistas and 1.5 mil- sword, if the fort is taken. I have answered say, I hope Senators and their staffs lion proud citizens. the demand with a cannon shot, and our flag will heed the very explicit warning in And let me remind the Olympic office still waves proudly from the walls. I shall it. that we had good reason to be proud never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on There being no objection, the article during the last Olympics, for we had a you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism was ordered to be printed in the great champion from New Mexico— and everything dear to the American char- RECORD, as follows: acter to come to our aid with all dispatch. Trent Dimas, who earned a gold medal ODDS OF ANOTHER OIL CRISIS: SAUDI The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily STABILITY PLAYS A LARGE ROLE in gymnastics. When Trent Dimas won and will no doubt increase to three or four this medal, it wasn’t ‘‘O Fair New Mex- thousand in four or five days. If this call is (By Agis Salpukas) ico,’’ New Mexico’s State song, that neglected, I am determined to sustain myself Oil Shock III. Could it happen again? was played during the ceremony. They as long as possible and die like a soldier who With supplies of oil plentiful and the price played the National Anthem of the never forgets what is due his own honor and of gasoline, adjusted for inflation, as low as United States—surely an indicator that of his country. Victory or death. it was in the bountiful 1950’s, the notion that P.S. The Lord is on our side. When the the world will go through another spike in that even in the context of the Olym- oil prices like those in 1973–74 and 1979 seems pics, New Mexicans are proud U.S. citi- enemy appeared in sight we had not three bushels of corn. We have since found in de- farfetched. And with Iraq apparently on the zens. And those New Mexican athletes serted house 80 to 90 bushels and got in the verge of re-entering the market, nothing is who visit the State of Georgia this walls 20 or 30 head of Beeves. likely to change soon. Indeed, prices may summer to attend the Summer Olym- William B. Travis.—The Alamo, February fall for a while. pics will do so as citizens of the United 24, 1839. But some oil industry experts—worried States, cheering our other terrific that Saudi Arabia, the linchpin of the world f oil market, may be more vulnerable politi- American athletes. THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE cally than is generally believed—are raising Let me wrap up by assuring the At- the specter of an oil price surge for the first lanta ticket office that we in New Mex- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, 4 years time in years. ico are well practiced in the use of U.S. ago I commenced these daily reports to The talk has intensified because of the pos- currency. We, too, use the dollar and the Senate to make a matter of record sibility, remote as it may be, of a battle to not the peso. We’re also well accus- the exact Federal debt as of the close succeed the ailing King Fahd between Crown tomed to potable drinking water and to of business the previous day. Prince Abdullah, the King’s half brother, and driving our cars on the right side of the In that report (February 27, 1992) Prince Sultan, a full brother. Both men con- the Federal debt stood at trol large armies. road. And I can’t even imagine that On Jan. 1, the 74-year-old King handed over those unique Southern accents will $3,825,891,293,066.80, as of the close of authority to Crown Prince Abdullah, 72, for give New Mexicans any trouble. business the previous day. The point is, an unspecified time while he recovered from So today, I put a little note in Sen- the federal debt has escalated by exhaustion. The Crown Prince, long des- ator NUNN’s and Senator COVERDELL’s $1,190,735,080,843.14 since February 26, ignated to succeed the King, is known as an mailboxes, asking them if they would 1992. Arab nationalist who may be less open than do us a favor in New Mexico and vouch As of the close of business yesterday, King Fahd to American policies. February 28, 1996, the Federal debt Civil war between rivals for power or be- for us to the Olympic Committee in tween the Sunni majority and the Shiite mi- Georgia—and I’m assuming that would stood at exactly $5,016,626,373,909.94. On nority cannot be ruled out, says David P. be Georgia, USA, not Georgia, Russia. a per capita basis, every man, woman Hodel, Secretary of Energy under President Perhaps they could each send a note to and child in America owes $19,041.54 as Ronald Reagan. And any instability in Saudi the good people of Georgia to remind his or her share of the Federal debt. Arabia, which sits on 25 percent of the them that New Mexico, the Land of En- f world’s proven oil reserves, or 260 billion bar- rels, would have wide repercussions. The chantment, is a State. No need to refer IMPORTED FOREIGN OIL BOX New Mexicans to any embassy, cus- tendency in the United States, he warns, has SCORE been to ‘‘go merrily on our way as if there is toms office, passport center, or cur- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the no potential problem to world oil supply rency exchange office. We’re one of until it is too late.’’ you. American Petroleum Institute reports ‘‘Sadly,’’ he added, ‘‘the consequences can f that for the week ending February 23, be devastating.’’ the United States imported 6,094,000 Most political leaders and industry execu- THE TRAVIS LETTER barrels of oil each day, a 6.5-percent in- tives say there is nothing to worry about. Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, crease over the 5,698,000 barrels im- Another oil crisis is always possible, they this month marked the sesquicenten- ported during the same period 1 year concede, but it is highly remote. The United nial of the end of the Republic of ago. Nations World Economic and Social Survey 1995 confidently predicts that the real price Texas. Americans continue to rely on for- for oil will remain roughly constant for the But I rise this morning to celebrate eign oil for more than 50 percent of next 20 years. the beginning of our Republic, not its their needs, and there are no signs that ‘‘Nobody can say it won’t happen,’’ said Al- end. One hundred sixty years ago Sat- this upward trend will abate. fred C. DeCrane Jr., the chairman and chief

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1449 executive of Texaco Inc. ‘‘But an earthquake Ayotollah Khomeini was not motivated by support and cooperation with our on the San Andreas Fault is more apt to hap- economics. Other militants are not moti- friends in Latin America is the best pen than a disruption in oil.’’ vated by economics.’’ way to counter the drug threat. While Is that confidence overdone? Ultimately, of course, there is always the it might make us feel better, isolation Saudi Arabia is still vital to feed the option of military force. world’s growing appetite for oil, which now Walter E. Boomer, the president of the and incrimination of other countries totals about 62 million barrels a day. It ac- Babcock & Wilcox Generation Group and a rarely helps us meet our ultimate ob- counts for a little more than 8 million of the former Marine Corps lieutenant general who jectives. Particularly in the drug inter- 17 million barrels of oil that flow from the was involved in the Persian Gulf war, said diction task, cooperation and shared Middle East. And even though output outside the United States had already demonstrated intelligence are absolutely essential to the Middle East has been growing, there is its commitment during the war to defend an effective strategy because drugs can not enough reserve capacity to fill the void Western interests in the Middle East. be hidden in any of the billions of legal if Saudi supplies are disrupted. ‘‘If the country is threatened,’’ he said, containers that cross our border every ‘‘we would make that commitment again.’’ ‘‘The world needs Saudi Arabia,’’ said John year. And with no intelligence, we can H. Lichtblau, the chairman of the Petroleum f Industry Research Foundation, a private re- never hope to stop these drugs. search group. In the event of upheaval, the INTERNATIONAL DRUG Nevertheless, despite the fact that question, Mr. Lichtblau said, is, ‘‘Will you be CERTIFICATION cooperation is usually the best policy, killed or just be hurt?’’ Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise to there are grave circumstances where Experts like Mr. Lichtblau offer the con- draw a line—a line that divides our na- both morality and practicality require soling thought that history demonstrates tion from those countries who have America to draw the line. that even the most disruptive political I regret to conclude that for Colom- fallen prey to the obscene influence of events are unlikely to keep the crude oil bia that line has been crossed. The international drug cartels. from pumping for long. United States should not certify that Vahan Zanoyan, senior director of a pri- This week, the President will offer Colombia has done everything possible vate consulting firm in Washington, the Pe- his decision—drawing his line—about to curb the operations and influence of troleum Finance Company, generally agrees. which countries have cooperated suffi- the illicit drug trade, primarily be- He recently warned in an article in Foreign ciently with United States counter- cause of the corruption at the highest Affairs magazine that Saudi Arabia’s leaders narcotics efforts to justify all the bene- were frozen in time and had shown little in- levels of the Colombian government. clination to respond to the decade-old drop fits of a full partnership with our Na- I also conclude that for Mexico, that in oil prices by reining in spending by the tion. This year, some of our neighbors line is close to being crossed. This re- royal family and its entourage of princes, have crossed the line and should not be quires the U.S. to send a clear warn- households and hangers-on. ‘‘certified’’ as fully cooperating with ing—just as we did last year to Colom- ‘‘If in the next three to four years the the U.S. drug enforcement effort. Oth- bia. Let me also point out that totally Saudi Government resists reforms,’’ he said ers of our neighbors are coming peril- in an interview, ‘‘you will see more often the cutting off cooperation could make a ously close to crossing this line. bad situation very much worse, and it types of riots and civil unrest partly caused Before offering my specific views on by economic concerns and the rise of more is simply not in our national interest Islamic movements. The oil markets in the which countries I believe have crossed to do so. Therefore, I recommend that world will not watch this kind of thing with this line, I want to offer my general a vital national interest waiver or detachment.’’ views of this drug certification process. similarly strong, unambiguous warning Yet even under the worst view—in which a Foremost, the certification process be sent to the Mexican government. fundamentalist Islamic group seizes power in does not seek to shift the full blame for Even as I call for our nation to decer- Saudi Arabia—the new government will only the drug scourge solely to the drug- hurt itself if it cuts off the supply of oil for tify Colombia, I recognize the immense producing and transit countries. In challenges that the drug trade poses in a sustained period. ‘‘Sooner or later,’’ he fact, the comprehensive drug strategies said, ‘‘the new leaders would have to export that country. I admire the courage of oil.’’ I have offered call on the U.S. govern- the men and women in Colombian law The best protection against a temporary ment and the U.S. people to remain enforcement—leaders such as the Na- cutoff in supplies lies in the United States vigilant and committed to attacking tional Police Chief, General Serrano— Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which holds the drug problem at home. who endure violent threats and even about 600 million barrels, enough to meet But, as I have always recognized, actual assaults on their Government America’s needs for 90 to 120 days. But grow- slowing the flow of drugs into the U.S. ing complacency about the risk of another institutions. Hundreds of honest, hard- must be an integral part of a com- working Colombians sacrificed their oil shock is leading some lawmakers to look prehensive drug strategy. And this ef- at the reserve as a source of revenue today lives last year in the struggle against rather than an insurance policy for tomor- fort to cut the literally hundreds of drug traffickers. row. Senate Republicans have proposed sell- tons of drugs flowing toward American But, how can we assured of the Gov- ing 39 million barrels from the reserve to shores must be assisted by all coun- ernment’s commitment against drug help reduce the budget deficit. And most tries if they are to continue as our full trafficking when the President himself companies have cut their own inventories of partners in the family of nations. almost surely benefited from the drug oil, leaving the nation with a smaller margin Mr. President, let me make it real trade? The extent and level of official of protection. simple—any nation that wishes to drug corruption in Colombia is the sin- There is also little will on the part of the enjoy the benefits of American friend- public, political leaders or the oil industry to gle most glaring failure —and the over- lessen the vulnerability by increasing con- ship must do everything they can to riding reason I must recommend decer- servation or supporting alternative energy help America fight the scourge of tification. sources. drugs. This is not an impossible task. President Ernesto Samper has been ‘‘At the moment we’re just letting things We are not being unreasonable. We do charged with accepting $6 million in drift,’’ said James R. Schlesinger, Energy not ask that the nations that have lit- campaign funds from the Cali cartel— Secretary under President Jimmy Carter, erally been held hostage by the drug and may soon be impeached because of ‘‘when we should be alert to finding possible cartels end the supply of drugs coming it. In addition, at least 20 members of contingencies.’’ In the event of a crisis, the most likely from their shores. That would be un- congress are also under investigation outcome, many experts say, will not be a reasonable—many of these nations just for accepting drug funds. complete shutoff but the risk that any new cannot eliminate all drug cartels, just I have long stated that such official leadership will decide to sacrifice maximum as we cannot eliminate all of the mafia corruption cannot be tolerated. Even if income for a while, cutting production over here in the U.S. a nation is overwhelmed by the hor- time in a bid to push up prices. Still, America has the right to ask rible powers of international drug car- But not everybody is so confident that the what is reasonable—no more but also tels, as long as their leaders remain worst can be avoided. Milton Copulos, presi- no less. That has been my longstanding committed to fighting these cartels dent of the National Defense Council Foun- dation, a conservative group in Washington, test, not only in the area of drug policy they deserve our support. But, once a raised the possibility of an oil crisis at Con- but also in other important questions nation’s leaders have fallen under the gressional hearings last year. ‘‘The optimists of foreign policy, such as arms control. corrupt influence of the drug cartels, assume that the Arabs are exclusively moti- To be more specific, I have long be- morality and practicality require that vated by economics,’’ Mr. Copulos said. ‘‘The lieved that a United States policy of they cannot be given our support.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 This has been my test for certifi- certification decision. The Foreign As- front, including judicial reforms and cation for years. In 1989, I voted to sistance Act allows the President to re- the appointment of an attorney general overrule President Bush’s decision to consider a decertification decision if who is from the opposition party dedi- certify the Bahamas. I believed then there has been a fundamental change of cated to weeding out corruption. The that the Bahamas should have been de- government or a fundamental change recent arrest of Juan Abrego—leader of certified because drug corruption had in the reasons for decertification. A the Mexican gulf cartel—was an exam- permeated the highest levels of their new government—free of the corrupt ple of United States-Mexican coopera- Government. influence of the drug cartels—would be tion. Let me also point out that the cur- such a fundamental change. Mexico’s demonstrated leadership rent leadership of Colombia has al- But, until then, I cannot recommend amidst the growing drug threat is the ready been given the benefit of the to the President that he do anything fundamental reason I do not propose doubt—given chances—given tests— other than decertify Colombia. decertification for Mexico. Frankly, if but, ultimately, their leaders have The story for Mexico is different than we destroy Mexico’s moral, political or failed. The Senate was first faced with Colombia’s—at least so far. The key practical resolve against the drug traf- reports of the Samper campaign’s al- difference is the antinarcotics leader- fickers we will only have succeeded in leged connection to the Cali cartel dur- ship of the current Mexican adminis- making a bad situation very much ing the summer of 1994. I and every tration. Still, the growing threat to worse. Senator voted to condition U.S. aid on the United States of drugs grown, pro- Still, in rejecting no-strings-attached progress in fighting drug operations duced, or traveling through Mexico is full certification for Mexico, we must and corruption. But, with no clear evi- too serious for Mexico to be granted send a clear and strong warning that dence of corruption against Mr. full certification. Therefore, the cor- the Mexican drug trade must be a pri- Samper available at the time, this pro- rect course to take this year with Mex- ority in our bilateral relations and vision was dropped when the final for- ico is the step we took last year with that we expect results. Nevertheless, eign operations bill was negotiated Colombia. In other words, we must continued cooperation between the with the House of Representatives. send a warning—such as granting a na- United States and Mexico on drugs is At the time of President Samper’s in- tional interest waiver. critical with such a close and impor- auguration in August 1994, I and the Let me point out, Mexico’s problems tant neighbor. Last year, we sent a majority of Senators voted against a are in some ways the result of suc- warning to the Colombian govern- measure to place further counter cesses in interdiction in the transit ment—they did not heed this warning— narcotics conditions on United States zone—the Caribbean. Our success at and this year I call for them to pay the aid to Colombia. We voted, in effect, to pushing the drug traffickers out of the price. This year, we must send a warn- give the new President time to dem- transit zone means that the drug car- ing to the Mexican government—and if onstrate his commitment to fighting tels needed a new route—the natural they do not heed it, they will pay the the drug cartels. President Samper per- choice is the overland route that passes price. sonally assured me that he would re- directly through Mexico. This has been We cannot expect a quick fix to the main faithful to the struggle against the key opportunity for Mexican traf- drug problem in Mexico. But we must drugs. The evidence is clearer every fickers to gain control more phases of be clear about areas where we think a day that he has not lived up to his cocaine operations. Reports from the strong, honest government can make a word. field indicate that Mexican drug king- difference—starting with reforms in Last year’s certification of Colombia pins actually accept payments in the the institutions and laws that are both on vital national interest grounds was form of cocaine—1 free kilo from the governable by their national leadership the clearest possible—and first ever— Colombian kingpins for every kilo the and vulnerable to the narcotics indus- official United States warning that the Mexican traffickers smuggle to the try. leaders of Colombia must remain abso- United States. For example, more can and must be lutely free from the corrupt influence This 2-for-1 sale has had such a se- done to curb the problem of money of the drug cartels. In response to this vere impact that now more than two- laundering in Mexico’s financial sector. warning, we did see an unprecedented thirds of all the cocaine in this country More can and must be done to control series of raids—Colombian authorities, now comes through Mexico. And, it precursor chemicals of methamphet- cooperating with the of DEA, captured means that Mexican drug cartels are amine, as Mexican traffickers become six leaders of the Cali cartel. poised to become much richer, more key players in the manufacturing and But just last month, one of those key powerful and more deadly than ever be- distribution of this drug. And, more traffickers walked out of prison and re- fore. What is worse, all this is on top of can and must be done to work together liable reports indicate that the cartel longstanding Mexican trafficking in to control the new challenge posed by kingpins who stayed in prison continue heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, the flow of rohypnol across the border. to run their drug operations from their and one of the newest drugs of abuse— In 1993, I supported the North Amer- plush prison cells. rohypnol. ican Free Trade Agreement—and vowed Finally, and unpardonably, charges Let me also point out that Mexico’s to monitor carefully how the agree- of corruption have coincided with a large geographic size and their limited ment with Mexico was functioning. marked diminution of efforts to slow resources mean that fighting the drug And last year, I did not protest when the drug trade—as last year Colombian traffic is simply an overwhelming task. President Clinton decided to lend Mex- seizures of cocaine decreased by 24 per- Last year, for example, we heard that ico money to help alleviate the peso cent last year. And, supplies of Colom- traffickers landed fast-flying jumbo crisis. My call to end the full no- bian heroin are also on the rise—be- jets with multi-ton shipments of co- strings-attached certification for Mex- coming more pure, less expensive, and caine in rural Mexico. Sometimes ico means that my continued support taking over the streets of America. using dry riverbeds or dirt roads as for NAFTA will depend in great meas- Even as I recommend decertification, landing strips, obviously ruining these ure on an aggressive Mexican response I recognize that this issue can—under planes—literally abandoning planes to the growing drug threat. In doing so, the law—be revisited during the com- worth upwards of $10 million . Of I am following the same prudent course ing year. The Samper government may course, it’s worth it to the drug car- I followed for Colombia—a clear warn- soon be replaced. It may even prove tels—these tons of cocaine are worth ing, a chance to comply, with failure to that the charges of corruption are literally hundreds of millions of dol- comply resulting in action. groundless. lars. Such tactics seriously test the ca- Mr. President, I understand that both So, let me be crystal clear. If a new pacity of Mexico’s anti-drug personnel Mexico and Colombia are making ef- Colombian Government demonstrates a and resources. forts in counter-narcotics—but the commitment to fighting the drug car- But with all these problems, I believe standard for certification is full co- tels and an absolute freedom from cor- Mexico has a President who is on our operation. Given the massive scourge rupt influence of the drug cartels, then side. President Zedillo has taken sin- of drugs confronting us, it is in the in- the United States should revisit the de- cere and important steps on the drug terest of the United States to raise the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1451 level of expectations and attention America’s peacekeeping force. Any dis- the same direct proportion as the ac- given to the drug trade by our southern cussions about the Guard’s future must tive components, more use should be neighbors. This is what the certifi- recognize the interdependability of the made of reservists to control peacetime cation process allows, and this is what regular Army and the Guard, rather costs and to minimize the risks associ- our Nation must do. than continuing to see them as having ated with active drawdown.’’ f separate missions. And that last point is very impor- The Air Force and Air Guard are a tant. As the executive officer of a THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL perfect example of how we can make Cobra helicopter squadron put it, ‘‘If GUARD this integration work. Serving any- you dissolve units like this, it would Mr. FORD. Mr. President, shortly where around the globe, there is no dis- take years to rebuild that ability if after Christmas, the New York Times tinction between these two Air Forces. you ever needed it again.’’ printed a very one-sided portrayal of They fly as one, they work as one, and Major General Philbin put it another the National Guard. In that article, a they succeed as one. way: ‘‘Since few conflicts evolve as an- senior Defense Department official is Another issue often mentioned is the ticipated, where would those reserve quoted as saying, ‘‘There’s a lot of the changing technology and its impact on component forces be found if the Guard Army National Guard that’s just irrel- our military makeup. Again, the Guard combat divisions are deactivated? The evant to our strategy. It’s kind of like is keeping pace with the changing de- Army Reserve? Not structured for com- a welfare program for weekend war- mands. I’ll use this opportunity to brag bat. Another draft? No time, since the riors. * * *’’ on Kentucky a bit. Our western Ken- Pentagon pundits are forecasting, how- Aside from being grossly inappro- tucky training facility, in conjunction ever unrealistically, conflicts that priate, the statement is simply not with the high-technology training arise like lightning bolts and are suc- true. Change is inevitable—not just for available at Fort Knox, puts Kentucky cessfully concluded in a flash.’’ the Guard but for this Nation’s mili- and the National Guard at the fore- When we go to the table to hammer tary structure as a whole. And, while front of this country’s military train- out a new covenant with the Army, we the Guard is prepared to face those new ing. must bring to the table our willingness challenges, as we go forward, I’ll con- Last year, 16,000 soldiers trained to see changes to force structure. But tinue to be guided by my unequivocal there. But, those numbers represent we shouldn’t leave behind our commit- support for the Guard and by the just the beginning in a long line of sol- ment to a relevant, viable and ready knowledge that the Guard is in no way diers who will receive the best, state- Guard that maintains a balanced force the problem, but rather the key to the of-the-art training this country has to of combat, combat support, and combat solution. offer. service support, along with an equal I can also assure my colleagues that The Kentucky Guard is certainly not level of command support to maintain some nameless, faceless bureaucrat alone in its ability to adapt to new balance across the Nation. These items who equates the Guard—with its stel- high-technology opportunities and de- will not be negotiable. We’re at a crucial juncture that will lar performances in the Persian Gulf, mands. And, who better than our cit- have long-felt repercussions for the Na- Somalia, Haiti, the Sinai, and Bosnia— izen-soldiers with their added profes- tional Guard and the Nation as a to a handout, will not be determining sional skills, to meet the high-tech- whole. But I hope we’ve reached that the Guard’s fate. Instead, the Guard, nology challenges of the future? We’ve juncture, with Congress behind the sitting down as equals with the Army, seen how these additional skills con- Guard, with the Governors behind the will determine that future. stantly come into play—a chief of po- Guard, and most important, with the That’s the message I delivered a few lice providing the know-how to set up American people behind the Guard. weeks ago to the Adjutants General policing operations in Haiti is just one That’s because the citizen-soldiers of Conference, that’s the message I deliv- example—and we’ll see it when the the National Guard find their roots in ered when the Governors met here for Guard uses its outside expertise for the the history of this country, but equally their annual meeting, and that’s the high-technology military of the future. important, in the communities of this message I bring to you today. Because In the end, Mr. President, our great- country. when representatives of the National est pleasure comes from budget reali- If you look behind the words in the Guard sit down at the negotiating ties and growing fiscal restraints. Last Guard’s theme—‘‘Capable, Accessible, table with the Army, I intend for both year, we essentially had to go in and Affordable’’—what you’ll find are aver- the Governors and Congress to be sol- write the Guard’s resource and training age folks who’ve struggled through idly behind them. needs into the budget. But, our hard some of the worst disasters imaginable. Our common goal has been to maxi- work paid off and our priority items— They understand that taken to- mize the Guard’s role both during Air National Guard force structure, gether, these three words define with times of war and peace, and to assure military technician manning and the simplicity and clarity, the important the Guard is ready and accessible. That Army Guard operating funding—sur- dual Federal-State function of our Na- goal has not changed. But, we must as- vived. tional Guard, the decisive role they’ve sure that this goal can adapt to the This year, things will get even more played in our Nation’s history, and will changing global, economic, techno- difficult. And as General Baca con- play in our Nation’s future. logical, and political environment. I ceded a few weeks ago, we’ll not only And taken together, they decree think that the Guard’s accomplish- have to confront the issue of force what the Guard has been, what they ments put us in an excellent position structure, we’ll have to accept change. can be, and what they will be. as we head into this debate, and ask But, the Guard can be the architects of Mr. President, I look forward to the question, ‘‘What are the military that change. working with my colleagues to assure needs of this country, and how can we In drawing up the plans for that that the Guard continues to play a best meet them?’’ change, I think we should be guided by major role in this Nation’s military We’ve already proven we can conform the Adjutants General Association structure and mission. to the changing global demands being president, General Lawson’s words. As f placed on our military. In his State of he said last September, ‘‘We may need the Union Address, President Clinton less military, but we don’t need the CHARACTER COUNTS RESOLUTION, said, ‘‘We can’t be everywhere. We military less.’’ SENATE RESOLUTION 226 can’t do everything. But where our in- Assistant Secretary of Defense Debo- Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, yesterday, terests and our values are at stake— rah Lee is right on target when she I joined with my distinguished col- and where we can make a difference— points out that our units cost 25 to 75 league Senator DOMENICI, in submit- America must lead. We must not be percent of active-duty counterparts. ting Senate Resolution 226. This reso- isolationists or the world’s policeman. ‘‘Making greater use of the reservists lution which, I strongly support, would But we can be its best peacemaker.’’ makes good sense in an area of shrink- designate the week of October 13–19, The Guard has proven itself 100 per- ing budgets. This means that instead of 1996, as the third annual National Char- cent as a necessary and vital part of reducing the Reserve components in acter Counts Week.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 For the past 2 years, I have joined trash and violence on television every Council Resolution 986. Should Resolu- with Senator DOMENICI and several of day and avoid falling into those habits tion 986 be accepted by Iraq, $2 billion our other colleagues in introducing the in their own lives. By the same token, of Iraqi oil would be permitted to be previous character counts bills, and I we as citizens have a responsibility to sold on the international market over have been very pleased with its recep- provide an example of good character a 6-month period. A loosening of the tion by our colleagues and our con- for our children to follow. If they see economic embargo under Resolution stituents. us upholding the pillars of good char- 986 would occur without any linkage to We have come together again this acter in our everyday lives, it becomes the cessation of Iraq’s drive to acquire year to draw attention to the fact that easier for them to live that way. weapons of mass destruction. The pros- our Nation is experiencing a crisis of This is a resolution considered by pect of even a partial lifting of the values. This crisis is reflected in the members of the Senate and House in Iraqi embargo at this time raises a rising tide of violence that kills chil- Washington, DC. But it is the parents, number of concerns and may serve to dren in the cross-fire on school yards teachers, coaches, ministers, big broth- remind Members of the continuing du- and in front of their houses, and in the ers and sisters in local communities plicity and intransigence of the Iraqi increasing number of children who kill who will lead the fight for values in our regime, and the costs the United States each other. Nation. As a result of the efforts by the has borne as a result. Moreover, the This crisis goes beyond crime. It is Character Counts Coalition, people in fact that the recent discussions over reflected, also, in the recent survey of all areas of the country are more aware implementing Resolution 986 have oc- youngsters conducted by the Josephson of the problems we face, and have curred in a virtual information black- Institute of Ethics. These ordinary begun to incorporate these values into out, without the input or oversight of youngsters may never be involved in their everyday lives and those of their the American U.N. Representative, crime, drug abuse, or teenage preg- children. Senator DOMENICI has out- adds additional concern. nancy, but they still acknowledge dis- lined some of these efforts. We resub- If accepted by Iraq, Resolution 986 turbing ethical lapses; mit this resolution to remind the Sen- would permit Iraq to sell oil in order to Two out of five high school age boys ate that the work on this issue is far finance humanitarian goods and ad- and one in four girls have stolen some- from over, and again to enlist our col- dress ‘‘the serious nutritional and thing from a store. leagues’ support in reenforcing that health situation of the Iraqi people.’’ Nearly two-thirds of all high school these values are fundamental to our so- Resolution 986 would not, however, re- students and one-third of all college ciety. I am proud to join my col- quire Iraq to cease its efforts to ac- students had cheated on an exam. leagues, especially Senator DOMENICI, quire weapons of mass destruction—the More than one-third of males and in this effort once again, and I urge the foremost reason sanctions were im- one-fifth of females aged 19–24 said Senate to support this resolution. posed against Iraq in the first place. they would lie to get a job and nearly f While reducing the suffering of the one-fifth of college students had al- Iraqi people is certainly a laudable ready done so in the last year. Twenty- HONORING THE BERQUISTS FOR goal, the cause of this suffering rests one percent said they would falsify a CELEBRATING THEIR 60TH WED- squarely and completely on the shoul- report to keep a job. DING ANNIVERSARY ders of Saddam Hussein. His continued As a character in John Steinbeck’s Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, these refusal to accept relevant U.N. Secu- novel ‘‘Of Mice and Men’’ complained, are trying times for the family in rity Council Resolutions regarding ces- ‘‘Nothing is wrong anymore.’’ Unfortu- America. Unfortunately, too many bro- sation of the production of weapons of nately, a lot is wrong and our society ken homes have become part of our na- mass destruction and his continued seems reluctant to admit the problem, tional culture. It is tragic that nearly harsh internal repression against the and to teach again and live by the val- half of all couples married today will people of Iraq are the causes of the eco- ues of right and wrong. see their union dissolve into divorce. nomic embargo and the deprivations This is the core message of character The effects of divorce on families and suffered by the Iraqi people, as well as counts—that there are core values that particularly the children of broken others in the region. our society agrees on and that should families are devastating. In such an Despite apparent cooperation with guide our decisionmaking. These val- era, I believe it is both instructive and U.N. monitors in some areas, evidence ues, as set out in the resolution, are important to honor those who have of Iraqi’s ongoing effort to build weap- trustworthiness, respect, responsi- taken the commitment of ‘‘til death us ons of mass destruction was obtained bility, fairness, caring, and citizenship. do part’’ seriously and have success- as recently as 2 months ago. On Decem- These values are and have been sup- fully demonstrated the timeless prin- ber 8, 1995, Jordan said it intercepted a ported by an extremely broad and di- ciples of love, honor, and fidelity, to shipment of missile guidance compo- verse coalition of people, including build a strong family. These qualities nents bound for Iraq. A few weeks former Secretary of Education Bill make our country strong. later, on December 26, Jordan inter- Bennett, the late Barbara Jordan, For these important reasons, I rise cepted dangerous chemicals on their actor-producer Tom Selleck, and Chil- today to honor the Reverend and Mrs. way to Iraq. On December 15, 1995, the dren’s Defense Fund founder Marian Ernie Berquist of Springfield, MO, who United Nations Special Commission on Wright Edelman. Among our col- on February 28 celebrated their 60th Iraq (UNSCOM) reported that Iraq con- leagues, Senators with such diverse po- wedding anniversary. My wife, Janet, tinues to conceal and provide false in- litical viewpoints as Senator HELMS and I look forward to the day we can formation on its efforts to develop and Senator BOXER have supported celebrate a similar milestone. The weapons of mass destruction. Mr. similar efforts in the past. I come be- Berquists commitment to the prin- President, these incidents alone, even fore the Senate today on behalf of this ciples and values of their marriage de- ignoring past acts of terrorism and group to urge continued attention to serves to be saluted and recognized. I weapons procurement, should be suffi- this important problem. wish them and their family all the best cient cause to continue fully the eco- In recent months, I have joined with as they celebrate this substantial nomic embargo against Iraq. Even a my colleague Senator LIEBERMAN and marker on their journey together. temporary allowance for ‘‘humani- Secretary Bennett in an effort to raise f tarian’’ oil sales will decrease the pres- awareness of the connection between sure on Iraq to comply with U.N. re- what people see in the media and the UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS quirements to dismantle its facilities way they live their lives. One of the AGAINST IRAQ for the production of weapons of mass points we have tried to stress to media Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, I destruction and could free-up other producers and the advertisers who sup- rise today to express my concern over Iraqi resources for its weapons pro- port these shows is that they have a re- ongoing discussions in New York be- grams. sponsibility to consider the societal tween Iraqi representatives and the Beyond ceasing production of chem- context in which their programs play. United Nations Secretariat over pos- ical, biological and nuclear weapons, It is difficult for our children to see sible implementation of U.N. Security Saddam Hussein is also required to end

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1453 the repression of Iraqi citizens under CUBAN SHOOT DOWN OF MIAMI- U.S. Military Academy where he helped the terms of U.N. Security Council BASED CUBAN EXILE PLANES shape a new generation of leaders for Resolution 688 enacted on April 1, 1991. AND THE CUBAN LIBERTY AND our Nation. Many Members of the Sen- The most recently available Human DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY— ate remember Dick Reynard from his Rights Report issued by our State De- LIBERTAD—ACT CONFERENCE assignment as the Army’s liaison offi- partment calls the human rights situa- REPORT cer to the Senate where he ensured tion in Iraq ‘‘abysmal’’. Just a short Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I that we understood the Army’s prior- ities and traveled with us as we per- excerpt from that report makes the rise today in strong support of the con- ference report to H.R. 927, the Cuban formed our duties around the world. case that conditions of Resolution 688 Following retirement from the Army, have not been met: Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act—Libertad. As an original cospon- General Reynard worked in the private Political power in Iraq is concentrated in a sor of this legislation in the Senate, I sector as an officer in a small corpora- repressive one-party apparatus dominated by have long believed that the United tion and as a government relations spe- Saddam Hussein.... Systematic violations States should strengthen international cialist. When I asked General Reynard continued in all categories, including mass sanctions against the dictatorial re- to be my staff director, he agreed to re- executions of political opponents, widespread gime of Fidel Castro. I regret that it turn to Government service even use of torture, extreme repression of ethnic has taken the most recent outrageous though it meant personal and financial groups, disappearances, denial of due proc- behavior of the Cuban Government to sacrifice. During his first year in the ess, and arbitrary detention. convince the President of this. committee, we addressed such impor- Mr. President, I certainly do not wish Fidel Castro was, is, and always will tant issues as the ‘‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’’ policy concerning the service of more hardships on the Iraqi people be- be a despot and a murderer who has no gays in the military, force reduction yond those they have already suffered regard for human life and no respect for international law. The downing of 2 policies and benefits, assignment of at the hands of Saddam Hussein. But women in the military, and Secretary softening the pressure against his re- private planes and the killing of 4 civil- ians by Cuban military fighter aircraft Aspin’s reorganization of the Depart- gime, while so many examples of out- ment of Defense. His analysis, advice, rageous and dangerous activities con- reiterates this fact. It is imperative that Mr. Castro realize that the United and ability to protect the minority tinue to confront us, makes no sense. States will not tolerate his tyranny. points of view resulted in important Certainly reducing the pressure on Iraq The passage of the Libertad Act will legislation which enjoyed bipartisan now will not hasten the day when the send this vitally important message. support. Following the elections in No- Iraqi people can live free of the depre- This legislation strengthens inter- vember 1994, General Reynard adminis- dations imposed on them by Saddam national sanctions against Cuba, pro- tered the transition of the Armed Serv- Hussein. vides support for a free and inde- ices Committee from a Republican mi- nority to the majority. Under his direc- Even more alarming than a tem- pendent Cuba, protects the interests of tion, the Armed Services Committee porary easing of sanctions, however, American citizens whose property was confiscated by the Castro regime, and staff was in place and ready to support are suggestions that UNSCOM may rec- the committee members when the Con- ommend lifting the Iraqi embargo en- denies visas to individuals who traffic in confiscated property. gress convened in January 1995. tirely sometime this year. How such a During his 3 years with the com- I urge all of my colleagues to join me recommendation could be con- mittee, General Reynard earned the in support of this vital legislation. reputation as a reliable, steady, and templated so shortly after UNSCOM President Clinton has agreed to sign fair person to whom Members and staff itself reported that Iraq continues to this act into law. It is time that we could turn when they sought advice or lie and hide information about its send a strong bipartisan message to insight on National Security issues. He weapons program is baffling. Further Fidel Castro. increasing America’s dependence on was a tireless, dedicated, and trusted f imported oil from a country with Iraq’s aide to me. I know many in this Cham- openly hostile objectives is not in our TRIBUTE TO BRIG. GEN. RICHARD ber join me in expressing our apprecia- tion to General Reynard and in wishing national interest. L. REYNARD, STAFF DIRECTOR, SENATE ARMED SERVICES COM- him and his wife Bibs well in his new On that point, I should also mention MITTEE endeavors. that on March 27 of last year, the For- Thank you, Mr. President. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I eign Relations Committee held hear- f rise today to recognize the contribu- ings on the subject of American de- UNITED STATES-GERMAN OPEN pendence on foreign oil. Despite re- tions of Brig. Gen. Richard L. Reynard, the staff director of the Committee on SKIES AGREEMENT peated findings over many years that Armed Services. Dick Reynard, who is Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, I am the United States’ national security is well known to many in the Senate and delighted to inform the Senate that harmed by a dependence on foreign oil, in the Department of Defense, is leav- today the United States and the Fed- this dependence continues to increase. ing the committee to return to the pri- eral Republic of Germany signed an I commend Chairman HELMS for having vate sector. open skies agreement which will liber- held this hearing and recommend that General Reynard joined the com- alize air service between our two coun- colleagues concerned about our na- mittee as the minority staff director in tries. I am also pleased to advise my tional dependence on foreign oil review April 1993. He quickly earned the rep- colleagues that the United States and the hearing record. utation as a capable leader to whom Germany initialed a Bilateral Aviation In any case Mr. President, either a the Members and staff could turn for Safety Agreement [BASA] which will temporary easing of sanctions under clear advice and counsel. His more greatly enhance safety coordination Resolution 986, or a permanent lifting than 34 years of leadership and man- between the Federal Aviation Adminis- agement experience in government and of sanctions pursuant to earlier Secu- tration [FAA] and its German counter- the private sector served him and the part agency. rity Council Resolutions, should be ac- committee very well. The United States-German open companied by a full reporting to Con- General Reynard was commissioned skies agreement is a great economic gress of the effect on U.S. national se- in the Army as an artillery officer fol- victory for both countries and a very curity of any Iraqi oil sales, the steps lowing graduation from the U.S. Mili- welcome development for consumers. being taken to ensure adequate protec- tary Academy in June 1958. He served In fact, I regard this agreement to be a tion of human rights in Iraq, and the in a wide variety of staff and command trade accord of truly historic propor- international safeguards in place to assignments at every level of the tions for both countries. As always is protect against future weapons devel- Army, including a combat tour in Viet- the case where market forces are un- opment by Iraq. nam. General Reynard taught at the leashed, consumers flying between the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 United States and Germany, as well as service opportunities throughout Eu- MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE passengers connecting in either coun- rope. In fact, I believe this agreement At 11:06 a.m., a message from the try for travel to a third country, will will serve as a template for such liber- House of Representatives, delivered by benefit enormously. These consumer alization. Hopefully, the United States- Mr. Hays, one of its reading clerks, an- benefits will include increased choice German open skies agreement, in com- nounced that the House disagrees to and competitive air fares. bination with open skies agreements the amendment of the Senate to the Mr. President, the United States-Ger- we already have with 11 other Euro- bill (H.R. 1561) to consolidate the for- man open skies agreement is the prod- pean nations, will force the United eign affairs agencies of the United uct of bold and visionary leadership by Kingdom and France to come to the States; to authorize appropriations for two men. I refer to our Secretary of alter of air service competition. the Department of State and related ˜ Transportation Federico Pena and Ger- Mr. President, let me conclude by agencies for fiscal years 1996 and 1997; man Transport Minister Matthias saying that today is a very important to responsibly reduce the authoriza- ˜ Wissmann. Secretary Pena had the vi- day in U.S. international aviation pol- tions of appropriations for United sion to identify this opportunity and to icy and U.S. trade policy. It also is an States foreign assistance programs for recognize that competition will be our important day in United States-Ger- fiscal years 1996 and 1997, and for other best ally in opening restrictive Euro- man economic and political relations. purposes, and agrees to the conference pean air service markets such as those Perhaps most important, it is a great asked by the Senate on the disagreeing in the United Kingdom and France. day for consumers in both countries. votes of the two Houses thereon; and Minister Wissmann had the vision to appoints Mr. GILMAN, Mr. GOODLING, recognize the economic benefits of an f Mr. HYDE, Mr. ROTH, Mr. BEREUTER, open skies agreement with the United UNITED STATES-GERMAN Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. BURTON States are a two-way street. BILATERAL AGREEMENT of Indiana, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. In addition, I want to praise the HAMILTON, Mr. GEJDENSON, Mr. LANTOS, great work of four men who labored for Mr. FORD. Mr. President, this morn- Mr. TORRICELLI, Mr. BERMAN, and Mr. months to negotiate the fine points of ing the Department of Transportation ACKERMAN as the managers of the con- this agreement. For the United States, announced an open skies agreement ference on the part of the House. I commend the outstanding work of with Germany. Access to Germany, as Mark Gerchick, DOT’s Deputy Assist- Secretary Pen˜ a has recognized, is crit- f ant Secretary for Aviation and Inter- ical. I want to recognize the effort by ENROLLED BILL SIGNED national Affairs, and John Bylerly, spe- the administration and the Secretary is aggressively pursuing an open skies The following enrolled bill, pre- cial negotiator for Transportation Af- viously signed by the Speaker of the fairs at the State Department. For the agreement with Germany. The agreement today does three House, was signed on February 28, 1996, Germans, I commend the outstanding by the President pro tempore [Mr. work of Dr. Jurgen Pfohler, Deputy things. First, it will enable our carriers THURMOND]: chief of staff to Minister Wissmann, to satisfy consumer demand this sum- and Dieter Bartkowski, Director of the mer. Second, the Secretary and the H.R. 2196. An act to amend the Stevenson- Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 Air Transport Section at the German German Government also will sign an important safety agreement. Finally, with respect to inventions made under coop- Ministry of Transport. The United erative research and development agree- States-German open skies agreement is the two countries have initialed an ments, and for other purposes. open skies agreement. a fitting tribute to their efforts and ex- f emplary public service. The open skies agreement is the 10th What does the United States-German with a European country and is a big MEASURE REFERRED open skies agreement do in terms of step forward in our efforts to liberalize The Committee on Rules and Admin- putting aviation relations between our aviation agreements in Europe. Ger- istration was discharged from further two countries on the firm foundation of many is the second largest European consideration of the following measure market principles? It will allow air- market. I caution my colleagues not to which was referred to the Committee lines of both countries to operate to get over-confident—countries like the on Governmental Affairs: any points in either country, as well as United Kingdom are not likely to jump S. 1577. A bill to authorize appropriations third countries, without limitation. It on the bandwagon quickly. Each coun- for the National Historical Publications and also liberalizes pricing, charter serv- try and market differs. We also must Records Commission for fiscal years 1998, ices and further liberalizes the open focus on Japan, which I will discuss at 1999, 2000, and 2001. skies cargo regime already in place. In a later date. f short, it allows market demand, not This open skies agreement is a major step forward. With all of the praise MEASURE PLACED ON THE the heavy hands of governments, to de- CALENDAR cide air service between the United forthcoming today for the administra- States and Germany. tion and Secretary Pen˜ a, I want to The following measure was read the How will this open skies agreement raise one issue. The effective date of first and second times by unanimous benefit all U.S. carriers? It will create the open skies agreement is triggered consent and placed on the calendar: tremendous new air service opportuni- by favorable treatment of an applica- H.R. 2854. An act to modify the operation ties between the United States and tion for antitrust immunity by Luft- of certain agricultural programs. Germany in which all U.S. carriers can hansa and United. I have been assured f partake. Also, German airports will that the request will be treated sepa- EXECUTIVE AND OTHER provide well-situated gateway opportu- rately, and that the two matters are COMMUNICATIONS nities for our carriers to serve points not linked. I know the Departments of throughout Europe, the Middle East, Justice and Transportation will review The following communications were Africa, and the booming Asia-Pacific the request thoroughly. I would have laid before the Senate, together with market. These gateway opportunities preferred that consumer benefits of an accompanying papers, reports, and doc- offer the double benefit of serving as a open skies agreement not be held hos- uments, which were referred as indi- means of breaking the bottleneck at tage to a subsequent and independent cated: London’s Heathrow Airport and offer- review of the antitrust issue. This open EC–1898. A communication from the Presi- ing a backdoor to the booming Asia- skies agreement, as the Secretary rec- dent of the United States, transmitting, pur- Pacific market. ognizes, is an important one. I hope suant to law, the report of three rescission All U.S. carriers also will receive in- that this agreement, and others in the proposals of budgetary resources relative to direct benefits from the United States- future, are able to be implemented Bosnia peace implementation force, pursu- ant to the order of January 30, 1975, as modi- German open skies agreement. I pre- without extraneous issues encumbering fied by the order of April 11, 1986, to the dict the United States-German open the process. I am certain Secretary Committee on Appropriations, Committee on skies agreement will be an important Pen˜ a shares my views and I congratu- the Budget, and to the Committee on Armed catalyst for further liberalization of air late him on this breakthrough today. Services.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1455 EC–1899. A communication from the Direc- quests to appear and testify before any STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED tor of the Office of Management and Budget, duly constituted committee of the Sen- BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS Executive Office of the President, transmit- ate.) ting, pursuant to law, the cumulative report By Mr. KERRY: By Mr. HATCH, from the Committee on on rescissions and deferrals dated February S. 1580. A bill to provide funding for the Judiciary: 12, 1996; referred jointly, pursuant to the community-oriented policing, to re- Barry R. McCaffrey, of Washington, to be order of January 30, 1975, as modified by the Director of National Drug Control Policy, duce funding for the Department of De- order of April 11, 1986, to the Committee on vice Lee Patrick Brown. fense, and for other purposes; to the Appropriations, Committee on Budget, Com- Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Finance, and the Committee on (The above nomination was reported Foreign Relations with the recommendation that he be THE SAFER STREETS ACT OF 1996 EC–1900. A communication from the Comp- confirmed.) ∑Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I am troller General of the United States, trans- f today introducing the Safer Streets mitting, pursuant to law, the compliance re- Act of 1996 that will address the anx- port for the session of Congress ending Janu- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND iety of many citizens who believe that ary 3, 1996; referred jointly, pursuant to the JOINT RESOLUTIONS violence and crime are eating away at order of January 30, 1975, as modified by the The following bills and joint resolu- the social fabric of their communities. order of April 11, 1986, to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on the tions were introduced, read the first The Safer Streets Act would help to re- Budget. and second time by unanimous con- store family security by funding an ad- EC–1901. A communication from the Comp- sent, and referred as indicated: ditional 100,000 police officers, above troller General of the United States, trans- By Mr. KERRY: and beyond the 100,000 initially funded mitting, pursuant to law, the report on Gen- S. 1580. A bill to provide funding for com- by the crime bill, to take their place on eral Accounting Office employees detailed to munity-oriented policing, to reduce funding the streets of communities across our congressional committees as of January 19, for the Department of Defense, and for other Nation. 1996; to the Committee on Appropriations. purposes; to the Committee on the Judici- Mr. President, to date, Massachu- EC–1902. A communication from the Under ary. setts has received $53 million in fund- Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pursuant By Mr. DEWINE: to law, the report of a violation of the S. 1581. A bill to reinstate the License for, ing from the 1994 crime bill for 1,020 Antideficiency Act, case number 94–23; to the and extend the deadline under the Federal new police officers, including the rede- Committee on Appropriations. Power Act applicable to the construction of, ployment of 407 officers to the street EC–1903. A communication from the Dep- a hydroelectric project in Ohio, and for other from desk duty. Our communities must uty Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installa- purposes; to the Committee on Energy and be able to respond to the threat of vio- tions), transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- Natural Resources. lent crime with an effort we know is al- port entitled ‘‘The Performance of Depart- By Mr. LEAHY (for himself and Mr. ready working in towns and cities ment of Defense Commercial Activities’’ for SIMON): fiscal year 1995; to the Committee on Armed S. 1582. A bill to reauthorize the Runaway across Massachusetts. I have listened Services. and Homeless Youth Act and the Missing to police officers and law enforcement EC–1904. A communication from the Sec- Children’s Assistance Act, and for other pur- officials, and citizens across my State, retary of the Army, transmitting, pursuant poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and they tell me that there is a real to law, a notice to award a particular con- By Mr. SARBANES: need for an even greater police pres- tract without competition; to the Committee S. 1583. A bill to establish the Lower East- ence on the streets of Massachusetts. on Armed Services. ern Shore American Heritage Area, and for Our first effort—putting 100,000 cops on EC–1905. A communication from the Under other purposes; to the Committee on Energy Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pursuant and Natural Resources. the streets of our Nation—is already to law, the annual Defense Manpower Re- By Mr. THOMPSON (for himself, Mr. working to fight crime. There is no quirements Report (DMRR); to the Com- FRIST, and Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN): better deterrent to crime in our com- mittee on Armed Services. S. 1584. A bill to authorize appropriations munities than a cop on the beat, so it EC–1906. A communication from the Prin- for the preservation and restoration of his- is vital that we help communities ob- cipal Deputy General Counsel, Department toric buildings at historically black colleges tain the police they need to keep of Defense, transmitting, a draft of proposed and universities; to the Committee on Labor neighborhoods safe. The Safer Streets legislation to revise and amend the provi- and Human Resources. Act will fund approximately 100,000 ad- sions of title 32, United States Code, relating f to the jurisdiction and powers of courts-mar- ditional community police positions tial for the National Guard not in Federal SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND across the Nation—effectively doubling service; to the Committee on Armed Serv- SENATE RESOLUTIONS the number it was possible to provide ices. The following concurrent resolutions from the first year’s funding. It does EC–1907. A communication from the Direc- and Senate resolutions were read, and this by cutting $6.5 billion from the tor of the Office of Management and Budget, referred (or acted upon), as indicated: 1996 fiscal year Defense Department ap- the Executive Office of the President, trans- propriation and transferring it to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report on ap- By Mr. HELMS (for himself, Mr. PELL, propriations legislation within five days of Mr. DOLE, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. Justice Department to fund commu- enactment; to the Committee on the Budget. LIEBERMAN, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. nity policing efforts with grants that EC–1908. A communication from the Direc- DODD, Mr. MACK, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. will be awarded to communities using tor of the Office of Management and Budget, BIDEN, Mrs. KASSEBAUM, Mr. SAR- the same formula as the first 100,000 the Executive Office of the President, trans- BANES, Mr. THOMAS, Mr. GRAMS, Mr. cops on the street initiative. This is LUGAR, Mr. D’AMATO, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. mitting, pursuant to law, the report on ap- money the Defense Department did not ASHCROFT, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. MOY- propriations legislation within five days of ask for, and it is money we desperately enactment; to the Committee on the Budget. NIHAN, Mr. BRADLEY, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. SPECTER, Mr. SANTORUM, and Mr. need for more cops on the street. f WELLSTONE): Americans are understandably anx- EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF S. Res. 228. A resolution condemning terror ious about their economic and personal COMMITTEES attacks in Israel; considered and agreed to. security. How we as a Congress respond By Mr. DOLE (for himself, Mr. The following executive reports of to that anxiety—the kinds of partner- DASCHLE, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mrs. ships we form between government and committees were submitted: FEINSTEIN, and Mr. D’AMATO): communities to address the concerns of By Mr. ROTH, from the Committee on Fi- S. Res. 229. A resolution commemorating nance: Black History Month and contributions of families struggling to keep up and do Stuart E. Eizenstat, of Maryland, to be African-American United States Senators; well—will determine this Nation’s fu- Under Secretary of Commerce for Inter- considered and agreed to. ture. That’s why a strong, affordable national Trade. By Mr. INHOFE (for himself, Ms. effort to expand community policing, James E. Johnson, of New Jersey, to be an MOSELEY-BRAUN, and Mr. WARNER): that has been proven to be extraor- Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. S. Res. 230. A resolution to urge the Presi- dinarily successful, is not only our re- dent to announce at the earliest opportunity (The above nominations were re- the results of the Senior Army Decorations sponsibility but is our obligation to the ported with the recommendation that Board which reviewed certain cases of gal- people we represent. they be confirmed, subject to the nomi- lantry and heroism by black Americans dur- Mr. President, If we know that com- nees’ commitment to respond to re- ing World War II; considered and agreed to. munity policing works; and we know

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 that our constituents are anxious the construction deadline for this Act have evolved to meet the complex about their personal security, then it project. In a letter dated February 9, problems faced by our young people, would be irresponsible not to act. This 1996, FERC chair, Elizabeth Moler, their families and our communities. legislation addresses the personal frus- stated that she did not have any spe- Over the last decade, as a nation, we trations of families who see a level of cific objections to legislation rein- have witnessed an increase in teen crime and violence on their streets and stating the license and extending the pregnancy rates, drug and alcohol in their neighborhoods that is unac- construction deadline for Pike Island abuse beginning as early as grade ceptable. People want their govern- Project No. 3218.∑ school, child physical and sexual abuse, ment to respond with what we know and a soaring youth suicide rate. can make a difference. Community po- By Mr. LEAHY (for himself and Today, the Runaway and Homeless licing with 200,000 more police on the Mr. SIMON): Youth Act encompasses basic center streets will make a difference. S. 1582. A bill to reauthorize the Run- grants, the transitional living program Mr. President, passing the Safer away and Homeless Youth Act and the and drug abuse prevention program. Streets Act is our duty. Missing Children’s Assistance Act, and These programs are vital to meeting Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- for other purposes; to the Committee the needs of troubled youth in rural sent that the text of the bill be printed on the Judiciary. Vermont and across the Nation. While in the RECORD, REAUTHORIZATION LEGISLATION the actual numbers of young people There being no objection, the bill was ∑ Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, today I who run away or become homeless in ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as am joining with Senator SIMON to in- rural areas might be small in compari- follows: troduce a bill reauthorizing a number son to that of large cities, emergency shelter and other services must still be S. 1580 of worthwhile programs that serve young people and their families in accessible. It is an unfortunate reality Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- that urban and rural youth can experi- resentatives of the United States of America in Vermont and across the country. In Congress assembled, particular, I am referring to the Run- ence family conflict, and physical or away and Homeless Youth Act, the sexual abuse. SECTION 1. TRANSFER OF FUNDS. The majority of these programs in (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any pro- Missing Children’s Assistance Act, and vision of the Department of Defense Appro- related programs, whose authorizations my home State are coordinated priations Act, 1996 (P.L. 104–61), the Sec- are expiring later this year. through the Vermont Coalition. Young retary of Defense shall transfer $6,500,000,000 A few weeks ago, I had the privilege people find these services through of unobligated funds appropriated under such of meeting with Frances Dodd, coordi- friends and family as well as through Act for fiscal year 1996 to the Violent Crime nator of the Vermont Coalition of Run- referrals by police and our court diver- Reduction Trust Fund established under sec- away and Homeless Youth programs. sion program. tion 310001 of the Violent Crime Control and Our Vermont programs and services Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. The Vermont Coalition is a commu- nity-based network comprised of eight have been very successful. Last year, 14211). for example 87 percent of runaways re- member programs that provide crisis (b) ALLOCATION.—The Secretary of Defense turned home or to a positive living sit- shall allocate the amount transferred under response, emergency shelter, coun- uation after receiving services. Only 7 subsection (a) from among any programs in seling, and other services to troubled percent of those served in 1995 had new the Department of Defense for which funding youth throughout nine Vermont coun- State social service cases open and less was not requested in the 1996 budget request ties. This meeting also included a num- than 1 percent ended up in police cus- of the President. ber of young Vermonters who knew tody. Since 1993, there has been a 42- SEC. 2. FUNDING FOR COMMUNITY-ORIENTED first-hand the value of providing shel- POLICING PROGRAMS. percent increase in the total number of ters and support for young people fac- The amount transferred under section 1 youths served by Vermont’s programs. ing difficult times. I came away from shall only be used for community-oriented In 1995, these programs reached over policing programs under section 1701(b) of that meeting more convinced than ever 700 young people and over 1000 family the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets that the Federal assistance provided by Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd(b)).∑ members. the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act Two years ago, the Vermont Coali- continues to make an important dif- tion was awarded a Federal rural dem- By Mr. DEWINE: ference in the lives of our young people S. 1581. A bill to reinstate the license onstration grant to assist counties that and to play a critical role in reuniting lack adequate services for runaway for, and extend the deadline under the families. Federal Power Act applicable to the youth in developing responsive pro- Those who provide services pursuant grams. Through this grant, the construction of, a hydroelectric project to these programs and those who are in Ohio, and for other purposes; to the Vermont Coalition was able to identify the beneficiaries of those services are underserved counties, draw upon the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- far too important to be left hanging. In sources. expertise of its many programs and a Congress in which the budget and ap- help develop programs for three addi- HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT LEGISLATION propriations processes have given way tional Vermont counties in which serv- ∑ Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, S. 1581 to short-lived spending authority, they ices are now emerging. would reinstate the license for a 49.5 all deserve the reassurance of reauthor- Since 1989, the transitional living megawatt hydroelectric project in ization and a commitment to funding. program, which was developed by my Ohio, which was originally issued on Only then will our State youth service colleague, Senator SIMON, has filled a September 27, 1989, and extend the bureaus and other shelter and service gap in the needs of older youth to help deadline for construction until Sep- providers be able to plan, design and them make the transition to inde- tember 24, 1999. The licensee for this implement the local programs nec- pendent living situations. I know how project is the City of Orrville. The essary to make the goals of the act a hard Senator SIMON worked on creating original license was stayed and held in reality. this important program and I look for- abeyance until 1992, due to administra- In 1974, Congress passed the Runaway ward to working with him now to con- tive and judicial challenges to FERC’s and Homeless Youth Act as title III of tinue it. decision to issue licenses for 16 projects the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency The programs we seek to reauthorize in the upper Ohio River basin. In 1992, Prevention Act. The inclusion of the include those directed at young people the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals Runaway and Homeless Youth Act in who have had some kind of alcohol or upheld FERC’s licensing decision. Due this legislation recognized that young other drug problem. The isolation in to the delay caused by the litigation people who were effectively homeless rural areas can lead to serious sub- and difficulty securing adequate fund- were in need of shelter, guidance and stance abuse problems. It is difficult to ing for the project, the city surren- supervision, rather than punishment, reach young people in rural areas and dered its license in June, 1993 and and should be united with their fami- it is difficult for them to find the serv- sought other sources of power to meet lies wherever possible. ices they need. In Vermont, these drug its immediate energy needs. This bill Since 1974, the programs that make abuse prevention programs provide es- would reinstate the license and extend up the Runaway and Homeless Youth sential outreach services.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1457 Providing these types of community- KENNEDY and Senator KOHL have long grant monies by identifying State pri- based services to runaway and home- been supporters of the juvenile justice ority areas. The largest portion of ju- less youth seems to me to make good and delinquency prevention programs. venile justice and delinquency preven- economic sense. We need only compare Senator SPECTER has been actively in- tion funding is a State block grant pro- the cost of these programs to other volved in these matters for more than gram, not a one-size-fits-all solution. services often needed by young people a decade, formerly chaired the Juvenile In Vermont, the priorities are violent experiencing serious family conflict Justice Subcommittee and currently family functioning, the lack of treat- and associated social difficulties. Ne- chairs the Appropriations Sub- ment resources for violent youthful of- glecting the needs of runaway and committee with jurisdiction over many fenders and the need to improve the ju- homeless youth and their families of these programs. venile justice system. Over the last would have staggering economic impli- In light of the ongoing hearings and decade, Vermont has seen a substantial cations. In Vermont, the average cost in deference to our colleagues who lead increase in reported violence against of services to youth by the Vermont the subcommittee, we have chosen not women and children. The council’s plan Coalition of Runaway Youth Programs to include the title II Juvenile Justice allowed it to target this problem. The is $1,895. Compare this with $18,392, the and Delinquency Prevention Act pro- decrease in substantial cases of child average annual cost of maintaining grams in this reauthorization bill at abuse last year signals that the State’s someone in State custody through the this time. I understand that our col- prevention efforts are making a dif- social services department; the $50,000 leagues, the administration, State pro- ference. it would cost to place someone in a gram officers, the Ad Hoc Coalition on Using its Federal assistance, substance abuse treatment facility; or Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre- Vermont has made great progress in the $60,000 a year it costs to incar- vention, and other groups are all cur- improving the juvenile justice system cerate someone. rently developing proposals for the re- in recent years. These funds enable I receive letters from parents whose authorization of the Juvenile Justice Vermont to replicate initiatives that families have been kept together with and Delinquency Prevention Act. We are working across the State. Typi- the assistance of runaway and home- look forward to consideration of those cally, the Federal funding is leveraged less programs as well as from young proposals and to working together to with State and private funds to support people who have been helped by these continue the bipartisan traditional these efforts. Vermont’s formula grant services. In one, a mother wrote of a that has always attended this program. has gone to support such projects as program in the Northeast Kingdom: While we all need to work together to community-based treatment, court di- My teenage daughter ran away this spring. address the rise in serious, violent ju- version, diversity training, pilot pro- I feel fortunate to have been able to call venile crime and the need to enhance grams on juvenile restitution, its Fam- upon the [Northeast Kingdom Youth Serv- public safety, I believe that we can do ilies First program, its Caring Commu- ices] programs. I credit the quick, compas- sionate response by [the] on-call worker, so while still preserving the essential nities program and teen centers where with keeping my daughter out of state cus- elements of the act. young people can gather in a safe, su- tody. Careful, immediate intervention was The Juvenile Justice and Delin- pervised environment for socializing, the key in helping my daughter feel com- quency Prevention Act has helped fos- group activities and educational fortable about remaining at home. [Your] on- ter strides nationwide through a series events. One Vermont youthful offender going efforts to mediate issues which con- of funded mandates. Throughout the noted: tinue to arise have kept our family together. United States, the number of viola- The Diversion program works. The board’s These service providers are being tions of the deinstitutionalization faith in me gave me something to live up to challenged as never before with an in- mandate for status offenders and non- and gave me confidence. They trusted me at creasingly complex set of problems af- offenders has been reduced from 171,581 a time when almost all the trust I ever had fecting young people and their fami- to 3,146 among the participating was gone, and they gave me one extra chance lies. Now is not the time to abandon States. In 1994, 55 States and territories and that one extra bit of trust that I needed. them. There is consensus among serv- participated in the program and only Through the programs which make ices providers that young people seek- three received reduced funding because up the Juvenile Justice and Delin- ing services and their families are in- of compliance issues. quency Prevention Act, the Federal re- creasingly more troubled—as evidenced Over a decade ago, the Vermont Gen- sponse to the problems of our youth by reports of family violence, sub- eral Assembly established the Children has become comprehensive and collabo- stance abuse and the effects of an array and Family Council for Prevention pro- rative. The Federal technical and fi- of economic pressures. These services grams, which is the designated State nancial resources have enabled States may well be the key to breaking advisory group that monitors and dis- to undertake a number of system-wide through the isolation of street youth, tributes our funds under the title II improvements. The bill that we are in- their mistrust of adults, and their re- block grant. The Vermont co-chairs of troducing today recognizes the impor- luctance to get involved with public or the council, Ken Schatz and Pamela tance of a nonpunitive system for vul- private providers. Smith, and its other members encour- nerable youth. Among the other critical programs age community involvement in the de- In my view, the Runaway and Home- reauthorized by our bill is the Missing velopment of effective prevention pro- less Youth Act and the other Juvenile Children’s Assistance Act. Since its grams that promote the health and in- Justice and Delinquency Prevention initial passage in 1984, we have made crease the self-reliance of Vermont Act programs are working in Vermont real progress on the tragedy of missing children and families. I look forward to and ought to be continued. Given the and exploited children. A national co- working closely with the council on short time left in this Congress, I be- ordinated effort has proved essential in the reauthorization of the title II pro- lieve that changes proposed to the Ju- facing these problems. I understand grams. venile Justice and Delinquency Preven- that in Vermont alone there have been In June 1993, the council used Federal tion Act will have to be those around more than 30 cases of missing children assistance under the act to sponsor a which a consensus can be obtained very resolved. Those children and their fam- youthful offender study project. The quickly if we are to meet our goal of ilies know the value of this program. ensuing report recommended the devel- reauthorizing it before the end of the This month, Senator THOMPSON has opment of a youthful offender program, year.∑ begun a series of hearings before the which won the endorsement of the ∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, this is the subcommittee on Youth Violence. I Vermont Department of Corrections year that the Juvenile Justice and De- look forward to working with him and and the Department of Social Rehabili- linquency Prevention Act needs to be with Senator BIDEN, the ranking mem- tative Services. The council is now reauthorized. This important act has ber on the subcommittee and on the funding projects with Federal assist- vastly improved our handling of juve- Judiciary Committee, and our other ance to implement this recommenda- niles in our criminal justice system, colleagues in connection with these tion. and has provided funding for services matters. In addition to the critical role In 1994, the council developed to some of the most vulnerable young that Senator BIDEN is playing, Senator Vermont’s 3-year plan for the formula people in our society.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 Today, Senator LEAHY and I are in- and homeless youth. Unfortunately, tional character. Situated on the Del- troducing a bill to reauthorize the run- this DAPP component of the Runaway marva Peninsula between the Atlantic away and homeless youth sections of and Homeless Youth Act, along with a Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay—the the act. Although I feel strongly that companion DAPP program for youth largest and most productive estuary in the entire Juvenile Justice and Delin- gangs, was not reauthorized last year North America, its nationally signifi- quency Prevention Act should be reau- and did not receive any funding this cant natural resources also include the thorized, I understand that Senators year. This bill recognizes the destruc- Coastal Bays—Chincoteague, Sinepux- THOMPSON and BIDEN, chairman and tive role of illicit drug use in these ent, Isle of Wright, and Assawoman; ranking member of the Juvenile Vio- young people’s lives, and reauthorizes the Wild and Scenic Pocomoke River; lence Subcommittee of the Senate Ju- both of these essential programs. and one of the few relatively undis- diciary Committee, are holding hear- Finally, this bill reauthorizes the Na- turbed strands of barriers islands on ings on the rest of the act. I applaud tional Center for Missing and Exploited the east coast—to name only a few. Its their work to examine these issues and Children. This center, created in 1984, unique land and water resources con- construct a reauthorization plan, how- provides important services to the tain an extraordinary variety of habi- ever I want to introduce this bill be- thousands of families who face the dev- tat types—from old growth forests to cause the runaway and homeless youth astating, mysterious loss of a child. cypress swamps—and a tremendous di- parts of the act are particularly impor- The center operates a toll-free number versity of flora and fauna. tant to me. to gather tips about missing children, The Lower Eastern Shore has played In 1988, I held a hearing in Chicago on coordinates Federal, State and local ef- an important role in the history and the problem of homeless youth. As a forts to locate missing children, serves culture of our Nation from the earliest result of that hearing, I sponsored the as a clearinghouse of information on native American, African-American, Transitional Living Program. The successful service and research efforts, and European-American settlements. Transitional Living Program was de- provides grants to local agencies for re- Evidence of the Lower Shore’s past is signed to fill a gap in the Runaway and search and service efforts and conducts featured prominently in its daily life— Homeless Youth Act. The basic centers a regular survey on the number of including its watermen who for cen- part of the act provides grants to com- missing children. This center has turies have sailed the Bay’s waters in munity centers which provide tem- helped us as a nation understand the the legendary Skipjacks—the last com- porary shelter and services to run- scope of this problem and has helped mercial sailing fleet left in North aways while they try to reunite with families locate missing children. Un- America—Bugeyes, and other vessels their families or are placed in a foster fortunately, the problem of missing harvesting oysters, crabs, and fish. The home. Unfortunately, as I discovered children continues, as President Clin- area is recognized as the country’s during my 1988 hearing, many young ton recognized on January 19, 1996, original historic and cultural center people never return to their family when he signed an order instructing for the shell fishing industry. It holds homes, largely because of neglect and Federal agencies to post missing-chil- the birth rights to the uniquely Amer- abuse, but are too old to be placed with dren posters in Federal buildings. The ican art form of decoy carving through a foster family. These young people National Center for Missing and Ex- the internationally-recognized work of were not being adequately served by ploited Children performs an essential Lemuel and Steve Ward. The agri- the temporary shelters which help so function and should be reauthorized. culture and water-related industries many others. Mr. President, this bill should not be which flourished throughout the 1700’s The Transitional Living Program considered a substitute for a complete and 1800’s, still contribute heavily to awards new-start grants to community reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice the regional economy. Many of the projects which provide longer-term res- and Delinquency Prevention Act. I sup- towns and communities on the Lower idential services to older homeless port the efforts of Senators THOMPSON, Shore including Crisfield, Deal Island, youth ages 16 through 21. Nonprofit, and BIDEN, and look forward to work- Smith Island, Snow Hill, and Princess community-based grantees teach these ing with them to reauthorize the act. Anne look much the same today as young people independent living skills However, Senator LEAHY and I agree they did almost two centuries ago—and to prepare them to live on their own. that the runaway and homeless youth their numerous buildings and sites on Young people live in host family part of the act provide essential sup- the National Register of Historic homes, group houses, or in supervised port for a most vulnerable group of Places still serve as important remind- apartments, and receive guidance from young people. Our bill is meant to ers of the history of the area. counselors to help them make the tran- highlight our support for these pro- The Lower Eastern Shore also boasts sition to independent living. The goal grams and our belief that they should a wide array of national recreational of this program is to help these young be reauthorized.∑ amenities including: Ocean City, one of people live productive, self-sufficient the Nation’s premier ocean resorts; the lives, and prevent future dependency By Mr. SARBANES: Assateague Island National Seashore, on social services. The total annual ap- S. 1583. A bill to establish the Lower one of the few pristine and unspoiled propriations for this program has been Eastern Shore American Heritage seashores remaining on the east coast; approximately $12 million. That invest- Area, and for other purposes; to the the Blackwater National Wildlife Ref- ment has assisted countless young peo- Committee on Energy and Natural Re- uge, home to the largest population of ple who otherwise would have found sources. bald eagles east of the Mississippi themselves on the street with no one to THE LOWER EASTERN SHORE AMERICAN River; and the Beach to Bay Indian Na- provide the support and resources they HERITAGE AREA ACT OF 1996 tional Recreational Trail. Over 10 mil- need to live independently. ∑ Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, lion tourists visit the area each year to In 1988, a third component of the today I am introducing legislation to enjoy not only the scenic waterways Runaway and Homeless Youth Act was designate the Lower Eastern Shore of and recreational draws, but also the also added. This Drug Abuse Preven- Maryland as a National Heritage Area. historic sites and cultural attractions. tion Program [DAPP] for runaway and The purpose of this legislation is to Five years ago, State and local gov- homeless youth was initiated because help conserve and promote the re- ernment officials, area residents, the of the recognition that drugs play a sources of the region’s communities National Park Service, the Environ- large role in these young people’s lives. and their unique contribution to the mental Protection Agency, the Univer- Their difficult living situations make fabric of the Nation, while revitalizing sity of Maryland-Eastern Shore, busi- them particularly vulnerable to the its local economies and improving its nesses, and other private organizations dangers of drug use, and such drug use overall quality of life. joined together to harness and at the severely hinders efforts to improve The Lower Eastern Shore is a very same time protect this area’s distinc- their circumstances. As anyone work- special place. It contains an unrivaled tive potential. This was one of the ing in this field will testify, drug pre- combination of resources and history early efforts in a growing national vention and treatment are an essential which represent a unique and integral movement of concerned individuals, or- element of any efforts to help runaway piece of the diverse tapestry of our na- ganizations, and governments working

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1459 together to develop a vision for the fu- (1) the Lower Eastern Shore possesses im- county listed under paragraph (1) shall be- ture of an area distinguished by its re- portant historical, cultural, and natural re- come a participating partner by entering sources, communities, and ways of life. sources, representing themes of settlement, into the compact under section 6. Through that effort, a regional public- migration, transportation, commerce, and (3) ADDITIONAL PARTNERS.—The Secretary natural resource uses, as described in the may include a county or municipality other private partnership was formed and the Lower Eastern Shore Heritage Plan (1992), than those listed in paragraph (1) to be part Lower Eastern Shore Heritage Com- endorsed by local governments, and in the of the Heritage Area if the county becomes a mittee has prepared and begun to im- draft report, Investing in a Special Place: A participating partner by entering into the plement a plan which is already show- Report by the National Park Service to Con- compact under section 6. ing results in the conservation, preser- gress and the Public on Resources, Accom- (4) COORDINATION.—The Secretary may co- vation, and the revitalization of the plishments, and Opportunities for Conserva- ordinate with or allow participation by any Lower Shore counties. tion and Sustainable Development: Lower county, city, town, or village in the Lower The bill which I have introduced will Eastern Shore, Maryland (1995); Eastern Shore. provide further impetus for the suc- (2) the Lower Eastern Shore played an im- SEC. 6. COMPACT. cessful implementation of a heritage portant role in the history of the American (a) IN GENERAL.—To carry out the purposes Revolution and the Civil War; conservation and development plan, of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into a (3) the Lower Eastern Shore gave birth to compact with the State of Maryland, the co- while providing the Lower Eastern the uniquely American art form of decoy- ordinating entity, and any county eligible to Shore with the important national rec- carving through the internationally recog- be a participating partner under section 5. ognition it deserves. This legislation is nized work of Lemuel and Steve Ward and (b) INFORMATION.—The compact shall in- not designed to create a new national played a central role in the recognition of clude information relating to the objectives park or in any way change existing au- the aesthetic value of waterfowl habitat and and management of Heritage Area programs, thorities of Federal, State and local landscapes; including— governments to regulate the use of (4) the skipjack, a popular symbol of the (1) a discussion of the goals and objectives land as provided for by current law or Chesapeake Bay designed and used in Mary- of Heritage Area programs, including an ex- land for harvesting oysters, is the last com- regulations. Rather, it provides Fed- planation of a proposed approach to con- mercial sailing vessel still used in North servation and interpretation and a general eral technical assistance and grants America; outline of the measures committed to by the and seed moneys at the grassroots level (5) the Lower Eastern Shore played an im- parties to the compact; to foster Federal, State, and local part- portant role in the evolution of the colonial (2) a description of the respective roles of nerships, and promote and protect the and American agricultural, timbering, ship- the participating partners; unique characteristics of the area. ping, and seafood industries in the 17th (3) a list of the initial partners to be in- The Lower Eastern Shore Heritage through 20th centuries, exemplified in many volved in developing and implementing a initiative has been endorsed by a num- structures and landscapes, including farms management plan for the Heritage Area and ber of communities and organizations and plantations, railroad towns, seafood a statement of the financial commitment of processing industries, docks, and what was including the town of Berlin, the city the partners; and once the largest cannery in the United (4) a description of the role of the State of of Crisfield, Pocomoke City, the town States; Maryland. of Princess Anne, the town of Snow (6) the Lower Eastern Shore rural town- SEC. 7. MANAGEMENT PLAN. Hill, the Beach to Bay Indian Trail scapes and landscapes— (a) IN GENERAL.—The coordinating entity Committee, the Pocomoke River Alli- (A) display exceptional surviving physical and the participating partners shall develop ance, the Greater Crisfield Marketing resources illustrating the themes of the a management plan for the Heritage Area Authority, the Jenkins Creek Environ- Lower Eastern Shore and the social, indus- that presents comprehensive recommenda- mental Research Center, Wicomico, trial, and cultural history of the 17th tions for conservation, program funding, Worcester, and Somerest County tour- through the early 20th centuries; and management, and development. (B) include many national historic sites ism offices, and local chambers of com- (b) PLAN REQUIREMENTS.—The management and landmarks; plan shall— merce. (7) the Lower Eastern Shore is the home of I ask unanimous consent that the (1) be consistent with State and local plans traditions and research efforts associated in existence prior to development of the full text of the bill and a section-by- with native American, African-American, management plan; section analysis be included in the and European-American settlements dating (2) involve residents, public agencies, uni- RECORD. It is my hope that this bill can to periods before, during, and after European versities, and private organizations working be included as part of the broader Na- contact, and retains physical, social, and in the Heritage Area; tional Heritage Area legislation which cultural evidence of the traditions; and (3) specify the existing and potential is working its way through the Con- (8) the State of Maryland has established a sources of funding to protect, manage, and gress.∑ structure to enable Lower Eastern Shore develop the Heritage Area; and communities to join together to preserve, (3) include— There being no objection, the mate- conserve, and manage the Lower Eastern rial was ordered to be printed in the (A) a description of actions to be under- Shore’s resources through the Maryland taken by units of government and private or- RECORD, as follows: Greenways Commission, river conservation, ganizations; S. 1583 trail development, and other means. (B) an inventory of the resources contained Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- SEC. 4. PURPOSES. in the Heritage Area, including a list of any resentatives of the United States of America in The purposes of this Act are to— property in the Heritage Area that is related Congress assembled, (1) recognize the importance of the history, to the themes of the Heritage Area and that SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. culture, and living resources of the Lower should be preserved, restored, managed, de- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Lower East- Eastern Shore to the United States; veloped, or maintained because of the prop- ern Shore American Heritage Area Act of (2) assist the State of Maryland and the erty’s natural, cultural, historical, rec- 1996’’. communities of the Lower Eastern Shore in reational, or scenic significance; SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. protecting, restoring, and interpreting the (C) a recommendation of policies for re- In this Act: Lower Eastern Shore’s resources for the ben- source management that considers and de- (1) COORDINATING ENTITY.—The term ‘‘co- efit of the United States; and tails application of appropriate land and ordinating entity’’ means the Lower Eastern (3) authorize Federal financial and tech- water management techniques, including the Shore Heritage Committee, Inc., a nonprofit nical assistance to serve the purposes stated development of intergovernmental coopera- corporation organized under the laws of in paragraphs (1) and (2). tive agreements to protect the Heritage Maryland. SEC. 5. LOWER EASTERN SHORE AMERICAN HER- Area’s historical, cultural, recreational, and (2) HERITAGE AREA.—The term ‘‘Heritage ITAGE AREA. natural resources in a manner that is con- Area’’ means the Lower Eastern Shore (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall sistent with supporting appropriate and com- American Heritage Area established under establish a Lower Eastern Shore American patible economic viability; section 5. Heritage Area. (D) a program for implementation of the (3) PARTICIPATING PARTNER.—The term (b) INITIAL GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE.— management plan, including plans for res- ‘‘participating partner’’ means a county that (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise pro- toration and construction, and specific com- has entered into the compact under section vided in this subsection, the Heritage Area mitments of the participating partners for 6. shall consist of the Maryland counties of the first 5 years of operation; (3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester. (E) an analysis of ways in which Federal, means the Secretary of the Interior. (2) LOCAL AGREEMENT TO PARTICIPATE.—The State, and local programs may best be co- SEC. 3. FINDINGS. government of each county listed under ordinated to promote the purposes of this Congress finds that— paragraph (1) and each municipality in a Act; and

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(F) an interpretation plan for the Heritage (2) IMPLEMENTATION.—A grant to the co- Secretary shall advise the coordinating enti- Area. ordinating entity or a participating partner ty in writing of the reasons for rejecting the (c) TIME LIMIT FOR SUBMISSION OF A MAN- for implementation of this Act may not ex- compact or plan and shall make rec- AGEMENT PLAN.—If the Secretary has not ap- ceed 75 percent of the cost of the entity and ommendations for revisions in the compact proved a management plan by the date that partners for implementing this Act. or plan. is 2 years after the date of enactment of this (c) PROHIBITION OF ACQUISITION OF REAL (ii) APPROVAL OF REVISION.—The Secretary Act, the Heritage Area shall be ineligible for PROPERTY.—The coordinating entity may shall approve or disapprove a proposed revi- Federal funding until a management plan is not use Federal funds received under this sion not later than 90 days after the date the approved. Act to acquire real property or an interest in revision is submitted. real property. SEC. 8. THE COORDINATING ENTITY AND PAR- (3) APPROVING AMENDMENTS.— (d) ELIGIBILITY TO RECEIVE FINANCIAL AS- TICIPATING PARTNERS. (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall re- SISTANCE.— (a) DUTIES OF THE COORDINATING ENTITY view substantial amendments to the man- (1) ELIGIBILITY.—Except as provided in agement plan for the Heritage Area. AND PARTICIPATING PARTNERS.—The coordi- paragraph (2), the coordinating entity shall (B) FUNDS FOR AMENDMENT.—Funds made nating entity and participating partners be eligible to receive funds to carry out this shall— available under this Act may not be ex- Act for a period of 10 years after the date on pended to implement a substantial amend- (1) develop and submit to the Secretary for which the compact under section 6 is signed ment to the management plan until the Sec- approval a management plan pursuant to by the Secretary and the coordinating enti- retary approves the amendment. section 7 not later than the date that is 2 ty. (4) ISSUING REGULATIONS.—The Secretary years after the date of enactment of this (2) EXCEPTION.—The coordinating entity shall issue such regulations as are necessary Act; may receive funding under this Act for a pe- to carry out this Act. (2) give priority to implementing actions riod of not more than 5 additional years, if— (b) DUTIES OF FEDERAL ENTITIES.—A Fed- set forth in the compact and the manage- (A) the coordinating entity determines eral entity conducting or supporting an ac- ment plan, including taking steps to— that the extension is necessary in order to tivity directly affecting the Heritage Area, (A) assist units of government, regional carry out the purposes of this Act and the and any unit of government acting pursuant planning organizations, and nonprofit orga- coordinating entity notifies the Secretary of to a grant of Federal funds or a Federal per- nizations in— the determination not later than 180 days mit or agreement conducting or supporting (i) preserving the Heritage Area; prior to the termination date; an activity directly affecting the Heritage (ii) establishing and maintaining interpre- (B) not later than 180 days prior to the ter- Area, shall, to the maximum extent prac- tive exhibits in the Heritage Area; mination date, the coordinating entity pre- ticable— (iii) developing recreational resources in sents to the Secretary a plan of activities for (1) consult with the Secretary and the co- the Heritage Area; the period of the extension, including a plan ordinating entity with respect to the activ- (iv) increasing public awareness of and ap- for becoming independent of the funds made ity; preciation for the natural, historical, and ar- available through this Act; and (2) cooperate with the Secretary and the chitectural resources and sites in the Herit- (C) the Secretary, in consultation with the coordinating entity in carrying out the du- age Area; and Governor of Maryland, approves the exten- ties of the Secretary and the coordinating (v) restoring any historic building relating sion of funding. entity under this Act; and to the themes of the Heritage Area; (e) OTHER FEDERAL FUNDS.—Nothing in (B) encourage by appropriate means eco- this Act shall affect the use of Federal funds (3) conduct or support the activity in a nomic vitality in the area consistent with received by the coordinating entity or a par- manner consistent with the management the management plan for the Heritage Area; ticipating partner under any other Act. plan. (C) encourage local governments to adopt SEC. 9. DUTIES AND AUTHORITIES OF FEDERAL SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. policies consistent with the management of AGENCIES. There are authorized to be appropriated the Heritage Area and the goals of the plan; (a) DUTIES AND AUTHORITIES OF THE SEC- such sums as are necessary to carry out this and RETARY.— Act. (D) assist units of government, regional (1) GRANTS TO THE COORDINATING ENTITY planning organizations, businesses, and non- AND PARTICIPATING PARTNERS.—The Sec- SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS profit organizations to ensure that clear, retary shall make grants available to the co- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE consistent, and environmentally appropriate ordinating entity and the participating part- Establishes the title of the bill, the Lower signs identifying access points and sites of ners to carry out this Act. Eastern Shore Heritage Area Act of 1996. interest are put in place throughout the Her- (2) TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.— itage Area; (A) IN GENERAL.—On request of the coordi- SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS (3) consider the interests of diverse govern- nating entity, the Secretary may provide Defines the terms, ‘‘Coordinating Entity,’’ mental, business, and nonprofit groups with- technical and financial assistance to the co- ‘‘Heritage Area,’’ ‘‘Participating Partner,’’ in the Heritage Area; ordinating entity and participating partners and ‘‘Secretary.’’ (4) conduct public meetings not less fre- to develop and implement the management SECTION 3. FINDINGS quently than quarterly regarding the imple- plan. Identifies historical, cultural, and natural mentation of the management plan; (B) PRIORITY.—In assisting the coordi- resources of National significance on the (5) submit substantial changes (including nating entity and participating partners, the Lower Eastern Shore. any increase of more than 20 percent in the Secretary shall give priority to actions cost estimates for implementation) to the that— SECTION 4. PURPOSE management plan to the Secretary for ap- (i) conserve the significant natural, his- States that the purpose of the Act is to: 1.) proval; toric, and cultural resources of the Heritage recognize the importance of the history, cul- (6) for any year in which Federal funds Area; and ture and living resources of the Lower East- have been received under this Act, submit an (ii) provide educational, interpretive, and ern Shore to the United States; 2.) assist the annual report to the Secretary setting forth recreational opportunities consistent with State of Maryland and the communities of the accomplishments and expenses and in- the resources and associated values of the the Lower Eastern Shore in protecting, re- come of the coordinating entity and the par- Heritage Area. storing, and interpreting the Lower Eastern ticipating partners and the entity to which (B) EXPENDITURES FOR NONFEDERALLY Shore’s resources; and 3.) to authorize Fed- any loans and grants were made during the OWNED PROPERTY.—The Secretary may ex- eral financial and technical assistance to year for which the report is made; and pend Federal funds on nonfederally owned serve these purposes. (7) for any year in which Federal funds property to further the purposes of this Act, SECTION 5. LOWER EASTERN SHORE AMERICAN have been received under this Act, make including assisting units of government in HERITAGE PLAN available for audit all records pertaining to appropriate treatment of districts, sites, Directs the Secretary of the Interior to the expenditure of the Federal funds and any buildings, structures, and objects listed or designate the Lower Eastern Shore as an matching funds and require, for all agree- eligible for listing on the National Register American Heritage Area. Establishes a proc- ments authorizing expenditure of Federal of Historic Places. ess for the counties and municipalities of funds by other organizations, that the re- (2) APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL OF COM- Somerset, Worcester, and Wicomico and ceiving organizations make available for PACTS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS.— other surrounding jurisdictions that wish to audit all records pertaining to the expendi- (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in con- be included therein to participate in the Her- ture of the funds. sultation with the Governor of Maryland, itage Area. (b) FEDERAL FUNDING.— shall approve or disapprove a compact or (1) OPERATIONS.—The Federal contribution management plan submitted under this Act SECTION 6. COMPACT to the operations of the coordinating entity not later than 90 days after receiving the Directs the Secretary of Interior to enter and participating partners shall not exceed compact or management plan. into a compact with the State of Maryland, 50 percent of the annual operating cost of the (B) ACTION FOLLOWING DISAPPROVAL.— the coordinating entity, and any county eli- entity and partners associated with carrying (i) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary dis- gible to participate in the heritage plan and out this Act. approves a compact or management plan, the also defines roles, objectives and goals for

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1461 management and implementation of the opportunity and justice to overcome S. 295 Lower Eastern Shore Heritage Area. extreme adversity and who succeeded At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, SECTION 7. MANAGEMENT PLAN despite the imposition of almost insur- the name of the Senator from South Requires, within two years, that the Sec- mountable legal and social obstacles. Carolina [Mr. THURMOND] was added as retary of the Interior, the coordinating enti- This bill authorizes the Secretary to: a cosponsor of S. 295, a bill to permit ty and participating partners develop a man- First, obligate funds for a grant with Labor management cooperative efforts agement plan, that presents comprehensive respect to a building or structure listed that improve America’s economic com- recommendations for conservation, program on the National Register of Historic petitiveness to continue to thrive, and funding, management, and development. The Places only if the grantee agrees to for other purposes. plan must be consistent with State and local match the amount of such grant, with plans in existence prior to its development S. 581 funds derived from non-Federal and include a description of actions to be At the request of Mr. FAIRCLOTH, the sources; and second, waive this match- taken by units of government and private or- names of the Senator from Mississippi ing requirement if an extreme emer- ganizations and an inventory of resources [Mr. COCHRAN], the Senator from Wyo- contained within the area. gency exists or is such a waiver is in ming [Mr. SIMPSON], and the Senator SECTION 8. COORDINATING ENTITY AND the public interest to assure the preser- from Georgia [Mr. COVERDELL] were PARTICIPATING PARTNERS vation of historically significant re- sources. added as cosponsors of S. 581, a bill to Defines duties of Coordinating Entity and amend the National Labor Relations Participating Partners to include: 1.) coordi- It authorizes funds for to complete nation with state and local authorities in preservation operations at Fisk Uni- Act and the Railway Labor Act to re- the development of the management plan; versity and 13 historically black col- peal those provisions of Federal law and 2.) holding of quarterly public meetings leges and universities in Delaware, the that require employees to pay union regarding the implementation of the plan. District of Columbia and throughout dues or fees as a condition of employ- Establishes federal cost shares at 50 percent the South, based on the 1991 National ment, and for other purposes. of the operating costs and 75 percent of the HBCU Historic Preservation Initiative. S. 592 implementation costs. In September 1987, the Office of His- At the request of Mrs. HUTCHISON, the SECTION 9. DUTIES AND AUTHORITIES OF torically Black College and University name of the Senator from North Caro- FEDERAL AGENCIES Programs within the Department of lina [Mr. HELMS] was added as a co- Auhtorizes the Department of the Interior the Interior developed a proposal for a sponsor of S. 592, a bill to amend the to provide technical and grant assistance to project designed to restore and pre- the coordinating entity and participating Occupational Safety and Health Act of serve historic structures on the cam- 1970 and the National Labor Relations partners to develop and implement the man- puses of HBCU’s. In 1988, a special sur- agement plan. Act to modify certain provisions, to vey to identify candidates for inclusion SECTION 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS transfer certain occupational safety in the program generated responses and health functions to the Secretary Authorizes such sums as are necessary to from 46 HBCUs nominating 144 struc- ∑ of Labor, and for other purposes. carry out this Act. tures for consideration. The initiative S. 628 selected 11 of the most historically sig- By Mr. THOMPSON (for himself, nificant and critically threatened At the request of Mr. KYL, the name Mr. FIRST, and Ms. MOSELEY- structures which will require an esti- of the Senator from Texas [Mrs. BRAUN): mated $20 million to restore and pre- HUTCHISON] was added as a cosponsor of S. 1584. A bill to authorize appropria- serve the structure. Projects to be S. 628, a bill to repeal the Federal es- tions for the preservation and restora- funded under the program include: tate and gift taxes and the tax on gen- tion of historic buildings at histori- Gains Hall, Morris Brown College, At- eration-skipping transfers. cally black colleges and universities; lanta, GA; Leonard Hall, Shaw Univer- S. 684 to the Committee on Labor and Human sity, Raleigh, NC; Hill Hall, Savannah At the request of Mr. HATFIELD, the Resources. State College, Savannah, GA; St. name of the Senator from West Vir- THE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNI- Agnes, St. Augustine’s College, Ra- ginia [Mr. ROCKEFELLER] was added as VERSITIES HISTORIC BUILDING RESTORATION leigh, NC; The Mansion, Tougaloo Col- a cosponsor of S. 684, a bill to amend AND PRESERVATION ACT lege, Tougaloo, MS; White Hall, Be- the Public Health Service Act to pro- Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, today thune-Cookman College, Daytona vide for programs of research regarding I am pleased to offer on behalf of my- Beach, FL; Graves Hall, Morehouse Parkinson’s disease, and for other pur- self, Senator FRIST, and Senator College, Atlanta, GA; Howard Hall, poses. MOSELY-BRAUN authorization legisla- Howard University, Washington, DC; S. 743 tion for historic preservation activity Virginia Hall, Hampton University, for buildings at historically black col- At the request of Mrs. HUTCHISON, the Hampton, VA; Parkard Hall, Spelman leges and universities. This bill directs name of the Senator from Mississippi College, Atlanta, GA; Administration the Secretary of the Interior to admin- [Mr. LOTT] was added as a cosponsor of Building, Fisk University, Nashville, ister a program of grants-in-aid, from S. 743, a bill to amend the Internal TN; Lookerman Hall, Delaware State amounts authorized to be appropriated Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a tax College, Dover, DE; Cooper Hall, Ster- to carry out the National Historic credit for investment necessary to revi- ling College, Sterling, KS; and Science Preservation Act for fiscal year 1996 talize communities within the United Hall, Simpson College, Indianola, IA. through 1999, to eligible historically States, and for other purposes. This bill is exactly the same as the S. 1028 black colleges and universities for the bill that passed both the House and preservation and restoration of historic At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, Senate in 1994 but died in conference his name was added as a cosponsor of buildings and structures on their cam- due to the end of the session. The only S. 1028, a bill to provide increased ac- puses. changes made were to the effective cess to health care benefits, to provide This being African-American History dates. I am happy to be a part of pre- increased portability of health care Month, I believe it is important for us serving this important part of Amer- benefits, to provide increased security to step back and reflect on the con- ican history and urge my colleagues to of health care benefits, to increase the tributions that African-Americans join me in the effort.∑ have made to the founding and building purchasing power of individuals and f of this Nation. And more importantly, small employers, and for other pur- to reflect on the institutions and orga- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS poses. nizations that were built by African- S. 173 S. 1039 Americans to meet the challenges, At the request of Mr. NICKLES, the At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the goals, and needs of their people. His- name of the Senator from Iowa [Mr. name of the Senator from Oklahoma torically black colleges and univer- HARKIN] was added as a cosponsor of S. [Mr. INHOFE] was added as a cosponsor sities stand as a testament to the 173, a bill to provide for restitution of of S. 1039, a bill to require Congress to hopes, dreams, achievements, and victims of crimes, and for other pur- specify the source of authority under struggle of a people previously denied poses. the United States Constitution for the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 enactment of laws, and for other pur- Federal average fuel economy stand- as ‘‘American Foreign Service Day’’ in poses. ards applicable to automobiles in effect recognition of the men and women who S. 1183 at current levels until changed by law, have served or are presently serving in At the request of Mr. HATFIELD, the and for other purposes. the American Foreign Service, and to names of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. S. 1524 honor those in the American Foreign GLENN], the Senator from Massachu- At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, Service who have given their lives in setts [Mr. KENNEDY], and the Senator the name of the Senator from Massa- the line of duty. from Maryland [Ms. MIKULSKI] were chusetts [Mr. KERRY] was added as a f added as cosponsors of S. 1183, a bill to cosponsor of S. 1524, a bill to amend SENATE RESOLUTION 228—CON- amend the Act of March 3, 1931 (known title 49, United States Code, to prohibit DEMNING TERROR ATTACKS IN as the Davis-Bacon Act), to revise the smoking on any scheduled airline ISRAEL standards for coverage under the Act, flight segment in intrastate, inter- and for other purposes. state, or foreign air transportation. Mr. HELMS (for himself, Mr. PELL, Mr. DOLE, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. S. 1247 S. 1568 LIEBERMAN, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the At the request of Mr. HATCH, the DODD, Mr. MACK, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. name of the Senator from North Caro- names of the Senator from Washington BIDEN, Mrs. KASSEBAUM, Mr. SARBANES, lina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a co- [Mrs. MURRAY] and the Senator from Mr. THOMAS, Mr. GRAMS, Mr. LUGAR, sponsor of S. 1247, a bill to amend the Massachusetts [Mr. KERRY] were added Mr. D’AMATO, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow as cosponsors of S. 1568, a bill to amend ASHCROFT, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. MOY- a deduction for contributions to a med- the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to NIHAN, Mr. BRADLEY, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. ical savings account by any individual provide for the extension of certain ex- SPECTER, Mr. SANTORUM, and Mr. who is covered under a catastrophic piring provisions. WELLSTONE) submitted the following coverage health plan. S. 1575 resolution; which was considered and S. 1379 At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, agreed to: At the request of Mr. SIMPSON, the the name of the Senator from Mary- S. RES. 228 name of the Senator from South Caro- land [Ms. MIKULSKI] was added as a co- Whereas on February 25, 1996, two vicious lina [Mr. THURMOND] was added as a co- sponsor of S. 1575, a bill to improve rail terror attacks in Jerusalem and Ashkelon sponsor of S. 1379, a bill to make tech- transportation safety, and for other killed two American citizens and 23 Israelis, nical amendments to the Fair Debt purposes. and wounded dozens more; Collection Practices Act, and for other SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 49 Whereas the Gaza-headquartered terrorist purposes. At the request of Mr. KYL, the name organization ‘‘Hamas’’ claimed credit for the attack; S. 1423 of the Senator from Florida [Mr. MACK] Whereas in 1995, 47 innocent Israeli and At the request of Mr. GREGG, the was added as a cosponsor of Senate American citizens were killed in Palestinian names of the Senator from Wyoming Joint Resolution 49, a joint resolution terror attacks; [Mr. THOMAS] and the Senator from proposing an amendment to the Con- Whereas since the signing of the Declara- North Carolina [Mr. HELMS] were added stitution of the United States to re- tion of Principles between Israel and the as cosponsors of S. 1423, a bill to amend quire two-thirds majorities for bills in- PLO on September 13, 1993, 168 people have the Occupational Safety and Health creasing taxes. been killed in terrorist acts, 163 Israelis and five American citizens; Act of 1970 to make modifications to SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 42 certain provisions, and for other pur- Whereas the Gaza-based ‘‘Hamas’’ terror At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, group and Damascus-based Palestinian Is- poses. the names of the Senator from New lamic Jihad and Popular Front for the Lib- S. 1491 Mexico [Mr. DOMENICI] and the Senator eration of Palestine terror groups have At the request of Mr. GRAMS, the from Arkansas [Mr. BUMPERS] were claimed responsibility for the majority of names of the Senator from Delaware added as cosponsors of Senate Concur- those terror attacks; [Mr. ROTH] and the Senator from Ari- rent Resolution 42, a concurrent reso- Whereas the PLO, the Palestinian Author- ity and Yasser Arafat have undertaken on zona [Mr. KYL] were added as cospon- lution concerning the emancipation of repeated occasions to crack down on terror sors of S. 1491, a bill to reform anti- the Iranian Baha’i community. and bring to justice those in areas under microbial pesticide registration, and SENATE RESOLUTION 152 their jurisdiction who commit acts of terror; for other purposes. At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the Whereas notwithstanding such under- S. 1501 name of the Senator from Oklahoma takings and some improvements in Pales- At the request of Mr. COHEN, the [Mr. INHOFE] was added as a cosponsor tinian efforts against terrorism, the vast ma- names of the Senator from New Jersey of Senate Resolution 152, a resolution jority of terror suspects have not been appre- hended, or if apprehended, not tried or pun- [Mr. BRADLEY] and the Senator from to amend the Standing Rules of the ished, and no terror suspects requested for Wyoming [Mr. SIMPSON] were added as Senate to require a clause in each bill transfer have been transferred to Israeli au- cosponsors of S. 1501, a bill to amend and resolution to specify the constitu- thorities by Palestinian authorities in direct part V of title 28, United States Code, tional authority of the Congress for en- contravention of agreements signed between to require that the Department of Jus- actment, and for other purposes. the PLO and Israel; tice and State attorneys general are SENATE RESOLUTION 215 Whereas the governments of Iran, Syria and Lebanon continue to provide safe haven, provided notice of a class action cer- At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, tification or settlement, and for other financial support and arms to terror groups the name of the Senator from Alabama such as Hamas, Islamic Jihad, or Hezbollah purposes. [Mr. HEFLIN] was added as a cosponsor among others, and have in no way acted to S. 1505 of Senate Resolution 215, a resolution restrain such groups from committing acts At the request of Mr. LOTT, the name to designate June 19, 1996, as ‘‘National of terrorism; of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. Baseball Day.’’ Whereas failure to act against terrorists by the Palestinian Authority, Syria and others COCHRAN] was added as a cosponsor of SENATE RESOLUTION 217 S. 1505, a bill to reduce risk to public can only undermine the credibility of the At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, peace process: Now, therefore, be it safety and the environment associated the names of the Senator from Ken- Resolved, That the Senate— with pipeline transportation of natural tucky [Mr. FORD], the Senator from (1) condemns and reviles in the strongest gas and hazardous liquids, and for Texas [Mrs. HUTCHISON], the Senator terms the attacks in Jerusalem and in other purposes. from Alaska [Mr. MURKOWSKI], the Sen- Ashkelon; S. 1506 ator from New Jersey [Mr. LAUTEN- (2) extends condolences to the families of all those killed, and to the Government and At the request of Mr. LEVIN, the BERG], the Senator from Vermont [Mr. all the people of the State of Israel; name of the Senator from Kentucky LEAHY], and the Senator from Florida (3) calls upon the Palestinian Authority, [Mr. FORD] was added as a cosponsor of [Mr. MACK] were added as cosponsors of the elected Palestinian Council and Chair- S. 1506, a bill to provide for a reduction Senate Resolution 217, a resolution to man Arafat to act swiftly and decisively to in regulatory costs by maintaining designate the first Friday in May 1996, apprehend the perpetrators of terror attacks,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1463 to do more to prevent such acts of terror in Whereas on February 29, 1996 the African- Army Decorations Board and bring to a close the future and to eschew all statements and American Alliance, the James E. Chaney the long struggle for appropriate recognition gestures which signal tolerance for such acts Foundation, and Local 372 of District Coun- of our heroic black American patriots. and their perpetrators; cil 37 of the American Federation of State, f (4) calls upon the Palestinian Authority, County and Municipal Employees, are spon- and Palestinian representatives in the elect- soring ceremonies in the U.S. Capitol Build- NOTICES OF HEARINGS ed Council to take all possible action to ing to pay tribute to the pioneering legacy of COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL eliminate terrorist activities by Hamas, Pal- these intrepid and highly esteemed role mod- RESOURCES estinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for els: Now, therefore, be it the Liberation of Palestine, and all other Resolved, That the United States Senate Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I such terror groups; does hereby join in honoring these inspiring would like to announce for the infor- (5) urges all parties to the peace process, in legislators and expresses profound gratitude mation of the Senate and the public order to retain the credibility of their com- for their innumerable substantive contribu- that the nomination of Christopher M. mitment to peace, to bring to justice the tions to the pursuit of justice, fairness, Coburn to be a member of the U.S. En- perpetrators of acts of terrorism, and to equality and opportunity for all U.S. citi- richment Corporation will be consid- cease harboring, financing and arming terror zens. ered at the hearing scheduled for Tues- groups in all territories under their control; f and day, March 5, 1996 at 9:30 a.m. in room (6) urges the Clinton administration to act SENATE RESOLUTION 230—REL- SD–366 of the Dirksen Senate Office decisively and swiftly against those who con- ATIVE TO THE SENIOR ARMY Building in Washington, DC. tinue to harbor, arm or finance terror groups DECORATIONS BOARD For further information, please call seeking to undermine the peace process. Mr. INHOFE (for himself, Ms. Camille Heninger at (202) 224–5070. f MOSLEY-BRAUN, and Mr. WARNER) sub- SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING SENATE RESOLUTION 229—COM- mitted the following resolution; which Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I wish to MEMORATING BLACK HISTORY was considered and agreed to: announce that the Special Committee MONTH AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF S. RES. 230 on Aging will hold a hearing on AFRICAN-AMERICAN UNITED Whereas black Americans served in the Wednesday, March 6, 1996, at 9:30 a.m., STATES SENATORS Armed Forces during World War II with her- in room 562 of the Dirksen Senate Of- Mr. DOLE (for himself, Mr. DASCHLE, oism and distinction, often giving their lives fice Building. The hearing will discuss Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, and to ensure United States victory in that war; telemarketing scams against the elder- Mr. D’AMATO) submitted the following Whereas prevailing attitudes in the Armed ly. Forces at that time often prevented appro- resolution; which was considered and SUBCOMMITTEE ON FORESTS AND PUBLIC LAND priate recognition of the distinguished serv- MANAGEMENT agreed to: ice of black Americans, particularly service S. RES. 229 meriting the award of the medal of honor; Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I would Whereas Black History Month in 1996 is a Whereas in May 1993, the Secretary of the like to announce for the information of fitting occasion to direct public attention to Army convened a study to review the proc- the Senate and the public the sched- the many significant contributions which esses and procedures used by the Department uling of a hearing before the Sub- have been made by African-American citi- of the Army in awarding medals during committee on Forests and Public Land zens in government service to the people of World War II in order to determine whether Management to receive testimony on the United States of America; and racial bias and procedural violations re- S. 393 and H.R. 924, the Angeles Na- Whereas 125 years ago on February 25, 1870, sulted in medals not being awarded to black Republican Hiram Rhodes Revels of Natchez, American members of the Army for their tional Forest Land Exchange Act. Mississippi was seated as the first Black cit- acts of distinguished or heroic service in The hearing will take place on Thurs- izen to serve in the United States Senate; that war; day, March 7, 1996 at 1 p.m. in room SD and Whereas the study recommended the re- 366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Build- Whereas the service of Senator Revels, an view of the distinguished acts of 10 black ing in Washington, DC. ordained minister of the Christian Gospel, American members of the Army in World Those wishing to testify or who wish was distinguished by conscientious support War II in order to determine whether to rec- to submit written statements should for desegregated public education, reconcili- ommend that the medal of honor be awarded write to the Committee on Energy and ation, equal political opportunity and vet- to such members for such acts; erans’ benefits and by opposition to discrimi- Whereas pursuant to subsection (d) of sec- Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, Wash- nation in government employment and polit- tion 3744 of title 10, United States Code, the ington, DC 20510. For further informa- ical corruption; and President may award a medal of honor to a tion, please call Mark Rey of the sub- Whereas Blanche Kelso Bruce of Bolivar person qualified for the medal, notwith- committee staff at 202–224–6170. County, Mississippi, whose term commenced standing that the time for awarding the f on March 5, 1875, became the first Black cit- medal has otherwise expired under such sec- izen to serve a full term in the U.S. Senate tion; AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO and distinguished himself by supporting Whereas the award of the medal of honor MEET equality in Western State land grants, deseg- to black Americans recommended by the regation in the U.S. Army, electoral fairness, Senior Army Decorations Board would re- COMMITTEE ON FINANCE equitable treatment of Native Americans verse a past injustice; and Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, the Fi- and by opposing fraud and incompetence in Whereas many family members, col- nance Committee requests unanimous governmental affairs; and leagues, and comrades of such black Ameri- consent to hold a hearing on the bipar- Whereas Edward William Brooke of New- cans, and a grateful Nation, have sought for tisan proposal of the Governors on wel- ton, Massachusetts on January 3, 1967 be- more than 50 years proper and appropriate fare and medicaid on Thursday, Feb- came the first Black citizen to be elected di- recognition for the distinguished actions of ruary 29, 1996, beginning at 10 a.m. in rectly by the people to serve in the U.S. Sen- such black Americans: Now, therefore, be it ate (and then was re-elected), distinguished Resolved, That the Senate— room SD–215. himself by supporting American history (1) commends the Secretary of the Army The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without awareness, racial reconciliation initiatives, for convening a study to review the processes objection, it is so ordered. strengthened foreign relations, stronger and procedures used by the Department of COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY higher education, improved veterans’ bene- the Army in awarding medals for service in Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- fits, affordable housing and the performing World War II in order to determine whether imous consent that the Committee on arts; and racial bias and procedural violations re- Whereas Carol Moseley-Braun of Chicago, sulted in medals not being awarded to black the Judiciary be authorized to hold a Illinois on January 3, 1993 became the first American members of the Army for their business meeting during the session of Black woman and the first Black member of acts of distinguished or heroic service in the Senate on Thursday, February 29, the Democrat Party to be seated in the U.S. that war; 1996, at 10 a.m. in SD–226. Senate and is currently distinguishing her- (2) commends the Senior Army Decora- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without self for her resolute commitment to equal tions Board for convening to review cases objection, it is so ordered. opportunity in education, advocacy of wom- pertaining to certain black American mem- COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION en’s and children’s rights, support for busi- bers of the Army for their acts of con- ness entrepreneurship, expanded economic spicuous gallantry in that war; and Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- opportunity, equity for family farmers and (3) urges the President, pursuant to section imous consent that the Committee on fiscal responsibility and for her forceful op- 3744(d) of title 10, United States Code, to en- Rules and Administration be author- position to all forms of crime; and dorse the recommendations of the Senior ized to meet beyond 2 p.m. and during

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 the session of the Senate on Thursday, of the Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of before it was compelled, and for his February 29, 1996, to hold a hearing to Staff. As Vice Chairman for the past 2 stewardship in ensuring our Armed review the operations of the Secretary years, Admiral Owens has chaired the Forces are well-equipped, well-trained, of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms JROC and its members—the Air Force and well-prepared in this century and and the Architect of the Caiptol, and to and Army Vice Chiefs of Staff, the Vice beyond.∑ receive testimony on the establishment Chief of Naval Operations, and the As- of a criteria for the Architect of the sistant Commander of the Marine f Corps. These senior military leaders Capitol. TAYLOR MIDDLE SCHOOL NAMED The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without now devote 10 to 15 hours each week to BLUE RIBBON SCHOOL objection, it is so ordered. review issues generated by various ∑ SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE joint warfighting capability assess- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan- ments, or JWCA’s. The JWCA’s, which today to recognize the outstanding imous consent that the Select Com- Admiral Owens initiated, comprehen- achievements of Taylor Middle School mittee on Intelligence be authorized to sively evaluate 10 distinct warfighting in Albuquerque, NM. On February 8, meet during the session of the Senate capabilities across military service 1996, U.S. Secretary of Education Rich- on Thursday, February 29, 1996 at 2:00 lines. The purpose of these assessments ard Riley named Taylor Middle School p.m. to hold a closed briefing on intel- is to enhance interoperability among a blue ribbon school, the highest honor ligence matters. programs and services, and to identify for a school in our Nation. One of 266 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without those new technologies, organizational recipients nationwide and the only re- objection, it is so ordered. changes, as well as deficiencies and cipient in New Mexico, Taylor Middle redundancies, that will improve our School deserves to be commended. f military’s warfighting capabilities. Taylor Middle School, a charter ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Through his leadership and vision, school, uses an interdisciplinary team Admiral Owens transformed the JROC approach in which both the teachers into what it is today—a forum where and the parents are catalysts for the THE RETIREMENT OF ADM. our military’s senior leadership under- educational development of their chil- WILLIAM OWENS AND JROC takes the critical process of reviewing, dren. The school is using a revolu- Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I rise debating and planning our military’s tionary middle school philosophy in today to recognize Adm. William A. future warfighting capability. The which the students are learning and Owens and his extraordinary efforts in JROC has given our military service the teachers are being taught. Taylor developing the military’s Joint Re- members a greater awareness of other is using both special education and reg- quirements Oversight Council, better services’ programs, requirements and ular education teachers to work with known as JROC. Admiral Owens retires operations, as well as the capabilities the entire student body enabling a today after 33 years of service to our required by each of the warfighting more supportive learning environment. Nation, and as our military’s third commanders. Because it comprehen- Secretary Riley recognized that Tay- Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of sively assesses the overarching mili- lor Middle School offers a challenging Staff—the second highest ranking offi- tary capability as a whole—compared and rigorous academic approach to cer in our Armed Forces. to the well-rooted program by program learning in a safe, disciplined and drug- As Vice Chairman, Admiral Owens review of the past—the JROC can bet- free environment. This school is an defined the role of the JROC in the de- ter assess how much warfighting capa- outstanding example of an academic fense requirements planning process—a bility is enough and how much redun- institution that is using its own re- process that has seen little change dancy is acceptable. sources to work toward the National from the cold war planning process in- The JROC is in a state of evolution Education Goals. Taylor Middle School stituted by former Defense Secretary and its recommendations will not al- is an outstanding model for New Mexi- McNamara in the 1960’s. The JROC as a ways be popular. But what’s remark- co’s schools and schools across our Na- forum, and a process, is little known able about the JROC is its ability to tion. and even less understood. But I believe address military requirements across Mr. President, I would like to com- it is essential to leveraging the tre- service lines—across the lines of paro- mend Taylor Middle School, its stu- mendous capabilities that can be chialism that have, in the past, inhib- dents, its staff, and the parents who ited the military’s move toward great- gained through joint planning and op- have formed a partnership to create a er jointness, to greater effectiveness erations. I believe it also signals the healthy and effective learning environ- and to greater efficiencies. Admiral need for a fundamental change in the ment.∑ way America plans for its future de- Owens and the JROC have been a cata- fense. This need for change is not a lyst for moving defense planning away f challenge limited to the Defense De- from business as usual—shifting the partment, but rather will provoke focus of the defense debate away from CONGRATULATING PAULINE D. many of us to reflect what means to be defense spending levels, and move to- GATT ON BEING NAMED SEC- pro-defense today—in a daunting era of ward a process that collectively ad- RETARY OF THE YEAR BY THE emerging new technologies, uncer- dresses a kaleidoscope of defense chal- MACOMB CHAPTER OF PROFES- tainly over future threats, an expand- lenges, and will ensure that defense in- SIONAL SECRETARIES ing continuum of military operations, vestment decisions and force structure ∑ Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise and scarce and competing resources. changes are wise, attainable and af- today to congratulate and pay tribute The JROC evolved in response to fordable. to Pauline Gatt for receiving the At one of our last meetings, Admiral these challenges. But the JROC was Macomb Chapter of Professional Secre- Owens left with me a booklet entitled also largely motivated by the Gold- taries [PSI] Secretary of the Year ‘‘New York Habits for a Radically water-Nichols’ Defense Reorganization Award. Ms. Gatt started her secretarial Changing World.’’ There is one par- Act of 1986. Goldwater-Nichols required career after graduating from high ticular quote in this book which per- the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of school. She then went on to obtain her haps best captures Admiral Owens’ Staff to conduct net assessments to de- stockbroker and insurance licenses and concern and vision for the future of our earn her certified professional sec- termine our military capabilities. The armed forces. I quote: act also required that the Chairman retary designation. Currently, she is Organizations can’t stop the world from provide the Secretary of Defense with changing. The best they can do is adapt. The executive secretary to Joseph R. alternative program recommendations smart ones change before they have to. The Grewe, president of Masco Tech Sin- and budget proposals—recommenda- lucky ones manage to scramble and adjust tered Components in Auburn Hills. tions alternative to decisions derived when push comes to shove. The rest are los- Pauline joined PSI in 1994 and has from business as usual. ers, and they become history. been a very active member of the To assist the Chairman in this role, Our Nation owes a debt of gratitude Macomb Chapter. She has served on Goldwater-Nichols created the position to Admiral Ownes for effecting change several committees, both as leader and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1465 a member. Pauline is currently team for freedom, and equal justice has be- School, Groesbeck Middle School, Law- leader of the certified professional sec- come an economic as well as a social rence D. Bell High School, Grapevine retary [CPS] membership committee struggle that finds hard working, self- Middle School, Spring Forest Middle and spearheading the seminar and pub- reliant, responsible African-Americans School, Spring Oaks Middle School, licity committee for the Michigan divi- looking for a good job at a liveable Northbrook Middle School, James E. sion annual meeting. She also serves as wage. The economic disparity between Taylor High School, Westwood High proctor for the biannual CPS exams at African-Americans and the rest of School, Noel Grisham Middle School, Macomb Community College in Fraser. America is disproportionate. I know Travis Middle School, Socorro High Throughout such a busy career, Pau- that African-Americans in Massachu- School, Lubbock High School, line has found time to marry Mr. Wil- setts—from Roxbury to Lowell, from Lackland Junior-Senior High School, liam Gatt and raise their 4-year-old New Bedford to Springfield—are work- Georgetown High School, Coppell Mid- son, James Gatt. Her example should ing harder and harder, like all Ameri- dle School West, Edward S. Marcus serve as an inspiration to all of us con- cans, without receiving a raise, strug- High School, Booker T. Washington cerning what we can accomplish. On gling to get the skills they need, and High School for Performing and Visual behalf of all Michigan residents, I trying to educate themselves and their Arts, Crookett Middle School, Carroll would like to wish Pauline all the best families, and some are falling further High School, and Carroll Middle and congratulations.∑ and further behind. School. They are clearly among the f So, this month, in recognizing the most distinguished schools in the Na- importance of African-American heroes tion with a persistent commitment to BLACK HISTORY MONTH and their contribution to the history of excellence in education. ∑ Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, as Black America, we must not only reaffirm I am elated that of all the schools se- History Month, 1996, draws to a close, our commitment to civil rights and lected from the entire United States, 10 we have had an extraordinary oppor- equal opportunity but to building an percent are in Texas. Their achieve- tunity to remember African-Americans opportunity economy that provides for ments stand as positive testimony to who have changed America. We find a better paying job, decent benefits, the dedication, pride, and devotion to our Nation more culturally enriched in and a chance for their children to make responsibility of the students, teach- the arts, in film and theater, in lit- more and do better in a world that ers, administrators, and parents at erature and music, in the humanities, judges them as Martin Luther King each of these blue ribbon schools.∑ the sciences, in our military and polit- said, ‘‘on the content of their char- f ical history, in education, communica- acter.’’ Black History Month is one CHARACTER COUNTS WEEK tions, and civil rights because of the more important step in tearing down contributions of African-Americans. the economic, social, and cultural ∑ Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, in But the most compelling stories are of walls that divide us and bridging the my home State of Connecticut and the earliest African-American leaders racial gaps between us. As we approach across the Nation, something very who are among America’s greatest he- the 21st century, this will be one of our positive is happening. Every day we roes. They struggled and succeeded in greatest challenges.∑ hear about crime and violence com- the face of slavery and against the f mitted by youth, teenage pregnancy, odds, and rose above the extraordinary falling test scores and a host of other prejudice and hatred of the 19th cen- TRIBUTE TO BLUE RIBBON indications that the fabric of our soci- tury to have a lasting impact on the SCHOOLS ety is fraying. These are problems that cultural, social, and spiritual fabric of ∑ Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I certainly need to be addressed. But America. To name just a few: poets am here today to celebrate the today I would like to talk about Char- like Phillis Wheatley, a Massachusetts achievements of the 27 schools from my acter Counts, a program that has com- native and the first African-American State that were awarded the Depart- mitted itself to the children of this Na- woman to have her poetry published; ment of Education’s prestigious Blue tion in an affirmative way that con- Crispus Attucks, said to be the first Ribbon Award. The Blue Ribbon Award veys the faith and optimism we have in person killed in a Boston battle that signifies excellence in education and our youth and the high expectations we presaged the Revolutionary War; and calls attention to remarkably success- have for them. I am very proud to be a the soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts ful public and private schools. part of this growing endeavor. Regiment, the first African-American Blue ribbon schools display the supe- On yesterday, I joined with my col- unit in the Civil War who were memo- rior qualities that are necessary to pre- leagues in the introduction of a resolu- rialized in the film, ‘‘Glory,’’ and in a pare our young people for the chal- tion to designate October 13–19, 1996 as statue on Boston Common are not he- lenges of the next century. The recog- this year’s National Character Counts roes to just African-Americans, but he- nized schools serve as models for other Week. Character Counts Week will roes to every American. schools and communities seeking to focus attention on the importance of Their stories are part of this Nation’s provide high quality education for character education and mobilize par- lexicon and should be as commonly their students. This year 266 secondary, ticipation in the program. Last year in known as the story of another Massa- junior high, and middle schools will be Connecticut, almost 3,000 students and chusetts native, Paul Revere, but they presented with the Blue Ribbon Award. teachers from 75 towns attended a rally are not. That is one of the reasons After a vigorous screening process by in Hartford kicking off Character that, 20 years ago, Black History each State Department of Education, a Counts Week, and I know many other Month formalized a 70-year-old celebra- panel consisting of 100 outstanding States have had an equally enthusi- tion begun in 1926 by Dr. Carter Wood- educators and other professionals re- astic response to the promise of char- son, the father of black history. Dr. views the nominations, and selects the acter education. I invite all Americans Woodson set aside a special time in most promising schools for a site visit. to join us in taking part in the char- February to celebrate the achieve- After the schools have been visited, the acter education of our young people as ments and contributions of African- panel considers the reports and forward it is everyone’s duty. Americans and the rich traditions and its final recommendations to Secretary Character Counts emphasizes six val- proud heritage of those who contrib- Riley, who then reveals the names of ues—trustworthiness, respect, respon- uted so much to the building of this the schools selected for recognition. sibility, fairness, caring, and citizen- Nation. It is my honor and privilege to iden- ship. These are values that we all hold But, as we celebrate we must also tify the following 27 Texas schools se- in common; these values transcend re- recognize that the contributions of Af- lected to receive a Blue Ribbon Award: ligions, cultures, socio-economics, and rican-Americans serve as a bridge over Klein Oak High School, Plano Senior generations. But these values need to the troubled waters of economic inse- High School, Renner Middle School, be explicitly taught to our children and curity. Their struggle and achieve- Forest Meadow Junior High School, reinforced and reflected in the way we ments in the face of incredible odds Strickland Middle School, Forest Park live and in the way we shape our soci- give us hope when we see that struggle Middle School, Mayde Creek High ety. Character Counts does exactly

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 this—the program encourages partici- TRIBUTE TO VICE ADM. J.M. ensured that the Agency provided pating schools to infuse their regular (MIKE) MCCONNELL matchless support to every major mili- curriculum with the six core values. ∑ Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, it is tary operation undertaken by the There is no set curriculum—schools always an honor and a privilege to rec- United States during his tenure. Most create individualized programs to fit ognize the men and women of our importantly, he crafted a strategy that their needs. Character education can be Armed Forces who have diligently and will enable NSA to ensure that its peo- quite simple—as one Connecticut edu- faithfully maintained the security of ple will remain its most critical re- cator commented, ‘‘Any good teacher this great Nation. We do this on Armed source. or good coach is probably doing it any- Forces Day and on Veteran’s Day, but Mr. President, I close by stating that way.’’ Character Counts spotlights and I believe everyone would agree that we everyone who calls this great Nation inspires these efforts. do not recognize these individuals as home owed a debt of gratitude to Vice A 1992 survey of 9,000 high school and frequently as their deeds would war- Admiral McConnell. He has quietly, yet college students conducted by the Jo- rant. Today, I stand to recognize and dutifully, served the Nation during sephson Institute of Ethics revealed pay tribute to one of the Nation’s out- four different decades and under seven that 65 percent felt that values should standing military leaders and unsung different Commanders in Chief. Those be taught in school because some par- heroes, Vice Adm. Mike McConnell, Di- of us who have been fortunate enough ents fail to do so in the home, and 45 rector of the National Security Agency to know him personally can attest to percent felt that character education [NSA], who will retire on March 1, 1996 his dedication, peerless integrity, and should begin as early as kindergarten. after having unselfishly served his unwavering loyalty to this Nation. It is This tells me that kids not only need country for over 29 years. with a sense of great pride and honor guidance, because it is often not re- Vice Admiral McConnell’s life is that I salute Vice Adm. Mike McCon- ceived at home, but that they want truly an American success story. Being nell.∑ guidance. A responsible society will the product of humble roots, he at- f work together to fulfill this obligation. tended Furman University in Green- ville, SC, also the place of his birth, GIRL SCOUTS AND BOY SCOUTS OF Schools participating in the program and was commissioned as a line officer RHODE ISLAND have experienced a dramatic improve- in the Navy in 1967. He served tours in ∑ Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, it is ment in their behavioral problems. The Vietnam, Japan, the Persian Gulf, and with pride that I present to you the Devereux Glenholme School in north- Indian Ocean as an intelligence officer outstanding individuals who have west Connecticut, the first school in before being nominated for flag rank achieved the highest honors as a Girl the State to adopt Character Counts, and being selected as the Director for Scout or Boy Scout. These young peo- saw a 50-percent drop in behavioral Joint Staff Intelligence, J–2. In this ple possess qualities of leadership and problems. And I know of at least three critical assignment, he served as the hard work that distinguishes them children in Connecticut who found senior military intelligence advisor to from the rest. sums of money, and instead of keeping the Secretary of Defense and the Chair- Since the beginning of the century, it, turned it into the authorities. These man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff the Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts have children attributed Character Counts [CJCS]. Vice Admiral McConnell’s provided a positive outlet for young with helping them make the decision leadership skills and expertise were im- men and women to develop leadership to turn in the money. mediately put to use to keep the Na- skills, make new friends, explore new I believe that our youth reflect the tion’s senior policymakers informed of ideas, as well as gain a sense of self de- broader society as it is revealed to developments during the turmoil and termination, self-reliance and team them by adults and that they will rise revolutionary changes that swept the work. to our expectations. If expectations of former Soviet Union during 1990. More The highest honors that can be re- ourselves and of our children are low, important, however, were his contribu- ceived by a Girl Scout are the Gold and then kids will fulfill those low expecta- tions to the Nation during the 1991–92 Silver Awards. These awards are pre- tions. If we communicate to our youth Persian Gulf crisis. Vice Admiral Mc- sented to those Girl Scouts who have that they are bad kids, then they will Connell’s service to the Nation during demonstrated their commitment to ex- be bad kids. If we recognize their po- the gulf war, which included keeping cellence, hard work and the desire to tential for being good kids and then Gen. Colin Powell [CJCS] informed of help their community. The Eagle Scout show them and teach them what it all enemy activity, was instrumental Award is the highest honor given to a means to have character, then they in saving U.S. and coalition lives and Boy Scout. Recipients display out- will grow up to be adults of character, directly contributed to bringing about standing leadership in outdoor skills, and it is our obligation to see that this a quick and decisive victory for allied and in community service that is help- happens. Character Counts helps us forces. Realizing that Vice Admiral ful to religious and school institutions. meet that charge.∑ McConnell had much more to offer the It is with great honor that I con- Nation, the President recommended gratulate the recipients of these f him for a two-star elevation to vice ad- awards. The accomplishments of these miral and nominated him to serve as young people are certainly worthy of THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE Director of the National Security praise. The skills they have learned as Agency in 1992. ∑ Scouts will allow them to help the Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, a lot of Vice Admiral McConnell’s greatest world become a better place. folks don’t have the slightest idea contributions to the Nation were yet to We also pay tribute to the parents, about the enormity of the Federal come. Becoming NSA’s 13th Director in Scout leaders, and Scouting organiza- debt. Ever so often, I ask groups of May 1992, he committed himself to en- tions that have guided these young friends, how many millions of dollars suring that the United States had the people to achieve such greatness. With- are there in a trillion? They think world’s best cryptologic organization. out their time and energy none of this about it, voice some estimates, most of Vice Admiral McConnell streamlined would be possible. them wrong. NSA’s operations while ensuring that It is a privilege to submit to you the One thing they do know is that it was the Agency had the requisite skills and list of the young men and women who the U.S. Congress that ran up the enor- resources to meet the quickly evolving have earned these awards, so I ask that mous Federal debt that is now over $5 technological challenges that faced the it be printed in the RECORD. trillion. To be exact, as of the close of Nation. His candor and openness with The list follows: business Tuesday, February 27, the the Congress and its oversight commit- GIRL SCOUT GOLD AWARD RECIPIENTS FOR total Federal debt—down to the tees helped ensure that the Nation’s 1995 penny—stood at $5,016,697,045,327.39. legislators were well informed of the Cranston: Amanda Toppa. Another sad statistic is that on a per Agency’s operations and how taxpayer East Greenwich: Kimberly Gaffney. capita basis, every man, woman, and dollars were being spent. Realizing Johnston: Amy Crane, Bonnie Renfrew. child in America now owes $19,041.81.∑ that NSA’s support saves lives, he also Kenyon: Kimberly Pierce.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1467 North Providence: Heather Konicki. Millville, Massachusetts: Jeffrey Dean. The Outer Limits TV show ended Pawtucket: Tanya Coots, Heather Davis. Narragansett: Matthew W. Maruska. each week with the announcer telling Portsmouth: Elizabeth Goltman, Julia Nasonville: Brian D. Lafaille. viewers, ‘‘We now return control of Kohl, Janessa LeComte, Jennifer McLean, Newport: Aaron Hauquitz, Douglas Everett Bridget Sullivan. Jameson. your television set,’’ and that is what Rehoboth, MA: Nicole Swallow. North Attleboro, Massachusetts: Raymond has begun to happen today. Riverside: Cochetta Dolloff. Gauthier, Jr. This is an historic day for millions of West Kingston: Cheryl Berker. North Dighton, Massachusetts: Joshua N. American families. The major tele- West Warwick: Heather LaBelle. Labrie. vision networks and the people respon- Wood River Junction: Shayna Horgan. North Kingston: William C. Mainor, Walter sible for most of what we see on TV Woonsocket: Kimberly Hebert. E. Thomas, IV, John T. Walsh, III. have agreed to create a rating system North Providence: Kevin M. Brault, Mat- GIRL SCOUT SILVER AWARD RECIPIENTS FOR for their programs. This rating system 1995 thew William Thornton. North Scituate: Thomas D. Alberg, Paul L. will be compatible with the V-chip that Barrington: Heather Bianco, Nicole television sets will carry in the near Daddona, Caroline Danish, Alison Fodor, Carlson, Peter Charles Carlson, Matthew P. Emilie Hosford, Ashley Humm, Stephanie Koehler. future. I would like to commend the Mailloux, Carly Marsh, Amy Poveromo, North Smithfield: James E.K. Doherty. entertainment industry leaders who Sarah Richardson, Adrian Schlesinger, Pawcatuck, Connecticut: Patrick K. have taken this step forward and Emily Wetherbee. Cryan, James D. Spaziante. agreed to implement a rating system Pawtucket: Dominic Chirchirillo, III, Carolina: Amanda Bouressa. and embrace the V-chip. I have no Cranston: Sara Carnevale, Shannon Corey, Ramiro Antonio Dacosta, Peter Fleurant, Albert Joseph Prew, Joseph Edward Sul- doubt that this will be seen as both a Louise Humphrey, Elizabeth Kronenberg, socially responsible and a good busi- Sarah Lavigne, Stacey Lehrer. livan, Joshua Brian Waldman. Middletown: Jennifer Hancock, Elizabeth Portsmouth: Jeremy Sawyer Brown, Ben- ness decision in the long term. I have Jump, Amy Kobayashi, Marie Kobayashi, jamin Gorman, Kent D. Rutter, Colin B. no illusions however, about how dif- Sarah Peter, Aimee Saunders, Mary Saun- Smith. ficult it was for the entertainment ders. Providence: John James Joseph Banks, leaders who met with the President to North Smithfield: Jessica Cavedon. Matthew Charles Bastan, Luke C. Doyle, An- take this step. Narragansett: Caroline Cutting, Shauna drew Frutchey, Christopher A. Goulet, Pat- rick J. Horrigan, Vincent R. Iacobucci, Jr., Today’s news means parents will Dickens, Katie Webster. have a new tool to use as they struggle Newport: Andrea Innes, Meredith Innes, Adam Ryan Moore, Thomas J.W. Parker, Jennifer Matheny. Peter Scheidler, Jr. to raise their children in a healthy, Pawtucket: Amy Medeiros, Valerie Rumford: Tony Poole. moral environment. Parents will be Poisson, Brce Smith. Seekonk, Massachusetts: Nathanael J. able to block out programs that they Richmond: Emily Hisey. Greene, Brett Marcotte, Jeffrey C. McCabe, deem inappropriate for their children. West Kingston: Michelle Berker. Christopher R. Nicholas, William J. Wood, As co-sponsor of the V-chip legisla- Jr. Wakefield: Ruth Anderson. tion with Senator KENT CONRAD and Warwick: Bethany Ascoli, Lynn Summers. Smithfield: Brian P. Breguet, Michael J. Representative ED MARKEY, I am very Woonsocket: Danielle Auclair, Tina Brin, Hogan, Nathan Moreau, Colin M. Segovis. Jessica Cousineau, Sarah Doire, Diane Sutton, Massachusetts: Matthew John pleased that the V-chip will soon be- Ferland, Alicia Gamache, Stephanie Zell. come reality. President Bill Clinton de- Joannette, Melanie Labrecque, Lynn Turner. Uxbridge, Massachusetts: Brian M. Zifcak. serves a lot of credit for making this Warren: William Garcia. BOY SCOTTS OF AMERICA EAGLE SCOUT major step forward possible. Beginning Warwick: Ryan W. Arnold, Steven L. Bai- RECIPIENTS FOR 1995 with his support for the V-chip last ley, Christopher A. Bissell, James R. Caddell, Ashaway: Chris Dumas. July, and continuing through his Jr., Fred Crossman, Jr., Joseph G. Diman, strong endorsement in the State of the Barrington: Jonathan T. Belmont, George Ian T. Fairbairn, Sean R. Guzeika, Matthew William Campbell, Morgan Huffman Densley, L. Lutynski, Michael Marseglia, Andrew P. Union Address, President Clinton, Scott D. Harrison, Patrick Charles Keenan, McGuirl, Adam J. Morelli, Matteo D. Mo- along with Vice President GORE, has Matthew Joseph Stoeckle, Jonathan relli, Gerald Theroux, Bradley Thompson, helped move this issue front and cen- Larrison Vohr, Russell Aubin Wallis, Rory Robert A. Wilcox. ter, and encouraged the television in- W. Wood. Westerly: Shane Matthew Belanger, Vin- dustry to abandon their opposition to Blackstone Massachusetts: Joseph E. cent Anthony Fusaro. Niemczyk. ratings and the V-chip. West Kinston: Benjamin T. Brillat, Jacob We all will be watching what the tel- Bristol: Jason M. Bloom. Casimir Sosnowski. Charlestown: Jesse Rhodes. evision industry does to implement West Warwick: Linton S. Wilder, IV, Frank Chepachet: John F. Valentine, IV. M. Caliri. this new rating system. I have some Cranston: Matthew Erik Anderson, Ben- Woonsocket: Adam Christopher Crepeau, concerns about how the ratings will be jamin J. Caito, Peter W. Caito, Peter Eli Dominique Doiron.∑ structured, because the credibility of Jetty, Michael R. Kachanis, Anthony that system is essential if parents are Mangiarelli, Christopher N. Reilly, Bryan f Rekrut, Kevin A. Silva. going to be able to use and trust the V- AGREEMENT TO CREATE TV chip. The ratings must be tough Coventry: Brian K. Martin, Matthew Wal- RATING SYSTEM ters. enough to allow parents to prevent Cumberland: Chad Michael Dillon. ∑ Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, a their kids from seeing too much vio- East Greenwich: Christopher Joseph popular TV show in the 1960’s, The lence, sexual activity, vulgarity, and Cawley, John J. Doyle, Frederick W. Lumb, Outer Limits, began each episode with even sexual innuendo, which has inun- Kevin Allen Schwendiman, James M.R. these words: Do not attempt to adjust dated many prime time television Sloan. Greene: Jeremy P. Skaling. your television set. We control the hor- shows in recent years. A Seinfeld or Greenville: Kenneth C. Collins, Charles izontal. We control the vertical. . . Friends episode about masturbation or Bradley Daniel, Scott E. Hopkins, Mark S. Those words symbolized the kind of orgasms might qualify for a PG rating Wong. control the TV industry has had over in a movie theater but should get the Harrisville: Steven B. Mendall, Jr. what viewers could watch in living equivalent of an R when it comes on at Hope: Stephen Raymond Pratt, Jr., Steven rooms all across the country. For a 8 o clock at night. Etchells. long time, we didn’t mind, as TV of- We must also guard against a rating Hope Valley: Andrew J. Horton. Hopkinton: James Romanski, Corey Small. fered plenty of quality shows, with a system becoming a cover for even more Jamestown: Scott E. Froberg, Alan D. few inoffensive bombs sprinkled in here inappropriate content in television Weaver, Jr. and there. programming. The parents of America Johnston: Neal R. Bradbury, Edward Al- But in recent years, the domination will not stand still if the networks use bert Darragh, William P. DeRita, III, Mi- of the broadcast industry over what we the existence of ratings as an excuse to chael L. Porter, Jr., Guy S. Shaffer. see on TV has grated on the sensibili- produce even more explicit and offen- Manville: Jason Michael Allen, David Ray- ties of the American people, especially sive shows. mond Levesque. Middletown: Todd Michael Fisher, Michael as TV has gone beyond the outer limits But, if properly designed and widely A. Henry, Luke Allen Magnus, Eric Oldford, of good taste and decency, and into a used by parents, a rating system oper- Brian J. Paquin, Jason F. Soules, Aaron M. twilight zone of immorality and deg- ating through a V-chip can change the Wilbur. radation. economics of the television industry,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1468 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 make quality programming more prof- us back the family hour. Give Amer- meritorious service toward our fami- itable than ever, and halt the current ica’s parents at least one hour at night lies, communities, States, and Nation downward spiral in which the networks when they can sit on the couch and and I invite the citizens of the United are too often competing with each watch TV with their children without States to recognize this organization’s other in a sleaze contest to capture fear of having their values insulted. significant efforts in community har- their lucrative slice of a particular de- Many parents, including my wife and I, mony.∑ mographic pie. have simply given up on network TV at f Today, the V in V-chip stands for vic- night, choosing a family-oriented cable ORDER OF BUSINESS tory, and the struggle to reclaim our channel instead, or just reading or re- public airwaves from the sleaze which laxing together. But tens of millions of Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, on be- too often dominates what is broadcast families have no access to cable, and half of the distinguished majority lead- will continue. Ratings alone do not have little choice about what they can er, I shall now address the wrapup. I solve the problem. You can rate gar- watch. wish to inform the Chair, as well as all bage, but you haven’t changed the fact There is no law, no business impera- Senators, that each of these items has that it is still garbage. As my friend tive, no reason not to give the Amer- been cleared by the Democratic leader. BILL BENNETT said yesterday in a news ican people decent, quality programs f conference we held with Senator NUNN from 8 pm to 9 pm every night. To par- ORDERS FOR TUESDAY, MARCH 5, and leaders from the Christian, Jewish, aphrase the line in Field of Dreams, air 1996 and Moslem organizations, a sign in them, and we will come. We will watch front of a polluted lake does let you good TV. Mr. WARNER. First, Mr. President, I know that it’s polluted, but it doesn’t Mr. President, I am not a child of the ask unanimous consent that at 9:30 mean you can fish or swim in it. We information age. I am a child of the a.m., on Tuesday, March 5, the Senate need to clean up the polluted lake that television age. I was raised watching proceed to the consideration of the is American television today, and take TV, and I have watched TV with three conference report to accompany H.R. 1 out the garbage. generations of my children. I love TV, 927, and that there be 2 ⁄2 hours of de- There are some television programs but I am not happy with what TV has bate on the conference report to be that no rating will make acceptable. become. equally divided between the Senator Last week, Sally Jessy Raphael put a It is not too late to reverse course. from Georgia, Mr. COVERDELL, and the 12-year-old girl on her stage—a girl The degradation of America’s culture Senator from Connecticut, Mr. DODD, who had been sexually victimized re- can be stopped. We can’t go back to the or their designees, and that following peatedly by older men—and verbally 1950’s, but we can go back to a time of the debate the conference report be abused her in front of a nationwide au- decency and quality television. laid aside. dience. That is a form of child abuse in We celebrate today the news that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without itself, and it’s totally unacceptable, television industry will develop a rat- objection, it is so ordered. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I fur- rating or no rating. ing system for its programs and sup- That’s the big, next task for the tele- port the V-chip that will give parents ther ask unanimous consent that a vision industry—to use its incredible more power to control over what their vote occur on adoption of the con- creative genius to bring us more pro- children see on TV. And we encourage ference report at 2:15 p.m., Tuesday, grams that will elevate, not denigrate, the television executives to see today and that paragraph 4 of rule XII be our culture and our children. as a beginning, not an end. A beginning waived. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without There is probably no other force to a new partnership with America’s around that dominates the lives of objection, it is so ordered. families. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask young people in America today as thor- ‘‘A rising tide raises all ships,’’ Presi- unanimous consent that it be in order oughly as television. Millions of chil- dent Kennedy said, in speaking of eco- for me to ask for the yeas and nays at dren spend more time in front of a TV nomic growth. The same can be said of this time. than they do talking with their par- the tide of cultural decency. American The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ents, praying in church, or listening to television can uplift our people, or it objection, it is so ordered. their teachers. can degrade them. It can inspire, or it Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask The TV industry must do more to can dispirit. Today, we hope the tide for the yeas and nays. clean up their programs. Get rid of the has begun to shift. Will the rising tide The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a violence that is still too pervasive, and be sustained? All we can say now, is, sufficient second? There appears to be damaging to impressionable young ‘‘stay tuned.’’∑ a sufficient second. minds. Get rid of the gratuitous sex f The yeas and nays were ordered. scenes, the common use of vulgarity, Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask TRIBUTE TO ORDER OF DEMOLAY and the heavy sexual innuendo that unanimous consent that at 12 noon, dominates so many programs. You ∑ Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I am Tuesday, March 5, the Senate resume don’t need to get down in the gutter to pleased to rise today to commend a the D.C. appropriations conference re- attract a big audience and make a prof- group whose members make important port, and there be 30 minutes equally it. You do need to begin to draw a line, daily contributions to many commu- divided in the usual form for debate on and say to yourselves and your pro- nities across the country, including the the cloture motion filed earlier today. ducers, writers and actors—we won’t go town of Bristol, NH. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without beyond that line, even if we can make The International Supreme Council, objection, it is so ordered. more money, because it is wrong and it Order of DeMolay has spent the past 77 Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I fur- is bad for our country and our children. years supporting their communities by ther ask unanimous consent that the One way the television networks can assisting young men between the ages Senate stand in recess from 12:30 p.m., demonstrate they mean business when of 12 and 21 become better sons, citi- to 2:15 p.m., in order for the weekly it comes to helping America and its zens, and leaders. The Order of party caucuses to meet. parents is to adopt a code of conduct to DeMolay urges these young men to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without govern their programming. They used lead lives full of filial love, reverence, objection, it is so ordered. to have active standards and practices courtesy, comradeship, fidelity, clean- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask divisions, but those divisions have been ness, and patriotism. This organization unanimous consent that immediately sub-standard and out-of-practice in re- should be commended for its unwaver- following the 2:15 p.m., vote on Tues- cent years, and need to be bolstered ing commitment and contributions to day on the adoption of the Cuba con- and empowered by a strongly worded this Nation, and for participating in ference report, the Senate proceed to code of conduct that sets decent stand- the molding of today’s young men for a the cloture vote with respect to the ards. better world of peace and brotherhood. D.C. appropriations conference report, Another way the networks can show Mr. President, I ask that the Senate and that the mandatory quorum under better corporate citizenship is to give acknowledge the Order of DeMolay’s rule XXII be waived.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1469 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Col. David R. Myers, 000–00–0000, Air Force nominations were received by the Senate and objection, it is so ordered. Reserve. appeared in the Congressional Record of Jan- Col. James Sanders, 000–00–0000, Air Force uary 22, 1996. f Reserve. Air Force nominations beginning Edward MEASURE DISCHARGED AND Col. Sanford Schlitt, 000–00–0000, Air Force A. Askins, and ending James L. Scott, which Reserve. nominations were received by the Senate and REFERRED—S. 1577 Col. David E. Tanzi, 000–00–0000, Air Force appeared in the Congressional Record of Jan- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask Reserve. uary 22, 1996. unanimous consent that S. 1577, a bill Col. John L. Wilkinson, 000–00–0000, Air Air Force nominations beginning Andrea to authorize appropriations for the Na- Force Reserve. M. Andersen, and ending Bryan T. Wheeler, tional Historical Publications and ARMY which nominations were received by the Sen- ate and appeared in the Congressional The following-named officer for appoint- Records Commission, be discharged Record of January 22, 1996. ment to the grade of general in the U.S. from the Committee on Rules and re- Air Force nominations beginning Stephen Army while assigned to a position of impor- ferred to the Committee on Govern- W. Andrews, and ending Richard M. Zwirko, tance and responsibility under title 10, mental Affairs. which nominations were received by the Sen- United States Code, section 601(a): The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate and appeared in the Congressional objection, it is so ordered. To be general Record of January 22, 1996. Lt. Gen. Johnnie E. Wilson, 000–00–0000, Air Force nominations beginning Jeffrey f U.S. Army. K. Smith, and ending Lowry C. Shropshire, EXECUTIVE SESSION NAVY which nominations were received by the Sen- ate and appeared in the Congressional The following-named officer for appoint- Record of February 1, 1996. ment to the grade of Admiral in the U.S. Air Force nominations beginning Matthew Navy while assigned to a position of impor- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR D. Atkins, and ending Steven J. Youd, which tance and responsibility under title 10, nominations were received by the Senate and Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask United States Code, sections 601 and 5035: unanimous consent that the Senate appeared in the Congressional Record of Feb- VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS proceed to executive session to con- ruary 1, 1996. sider the following nominations on the To be admiral Army nominations beginning Col. William Vice Adm. Jay L. Johnson, 000–00–0000 G. Held, and ending Lt. Col. Patricia B. executive calendar: Calendar Nos. 472, Genung, which nominations were received by 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, and all nomi- The following-named officer for appoint- ment to the grade of vice admiral in the U.S. the Senate and appeared in the Congres- nations on the Secretary’s desk in the Navy while assigned to a position of impor- sional Record of January 22, 1996. Air Force, Army, and Navy. tance and responsibility under title 10, Army nomination of Ricky J. Rogers, I further ask unanimous consent that United States Code, section 601: which was received by the Senate and ap- peared in the Congressional Record of Feb- the nominations be considered en bloc; To be vice admiral ruary 1, 1996. that the motions to reconsider be laid Rear Adm. Vernon E. Clark, 000–00–0000. upon the table en bloc; that any state- Army nominations beginning James C. The following-named officer for appoint- Ferguson, and ending Michael M. Wertz, ments relating to any of the nomina- ment to the grade of vice admiral in the U.S. which nominations were received by the Sen- tions appear at the appropriate place in Navy while assigned to a position of impor- ate and appeared in the Congressional the RECORD; that the President be im- tance and responsibility under title 10, Record of February 1, 1996. mediately notified of the Senate’s ac- United States Code, section 601: Army nominations beginning Romney C. tion; and that the Senate then return To be vice admiral Andersen, and ending David F. Tashea, to legislative session. Rear Adm. (Selectee) Richard W Mies, 000– which nominations were received by the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 00–0000. ate and appeared in the Congressional objection, it is so ordered. The following-named officer for appoint- Record of February 1, 1996. ment to the grade of vice admiral in the U.S. Army nominations beginning Danny W. So the nominations were considered Agee, and ending Frank A. Wittouck, which and confirmed, en bloc, as follows: Navy while assigned to a position of impor- tance and responsibility under title 10, nominations were received by the Senate and AIR FORCE United States Code, section 601: appeared in the Congressional Record of Feb- ruary 9, 1996. The following officers for appointment in To be vice admiral the Reserve of the Air Force, to the grade in- Navy nominations beginning Charles Arm- Rear Adm. Dennis A. Jones, 000–00–0000. dicated, under the provisions of title 10, strong, and ending Winceslas Weems, which United States Code, sections 8373, 12004, and MARINE CORPS nominations were received by the Senate and 12203: The following-named colonel of the U.S. appeared in the Congressional Record of Jan- uary 22, 1996. To be major general Marine Corps Reserve for promotion to the grade of brigadier general, under the provi- Navy nominations beginning Caleb Powell, Brig. Gen. Boyd L. Ashcraft, 000–00–0000, sions of Section 5912 of Title 10, United Jr., and ending Paul T. Broere, which nomi- Air Force Reserve. States Code: nations were received by the Senate and ap- Brig. Gen. Jim L. Folsom, 000–00–0000, Air peared in the Congressional Record of Janu- To be brigadier general Force Reserve. ary 22, 1996. Brig. Gen. James E. Haight, Jr., 000–00– Col. Leo V. Williams III, 000–00–0000, Navy nominations beginning Maurice J. 0000, Air Force Reserve. USMCR. Curran, and ending Kim M. Volk, which Brig. Gen. Joseph A. McNeil, 000–00–0000, IN THE AIR FORCE, ARMY, NAVY nominations were received by the Senate and Air Force Reserve. Air Force nominations beginning James M. appeared in the Congressional Record of Feb- Brig. Gen. Robert E. Pfister, 000–00–0000, Abel, Jr., and ending Robert L. Williams, ruary 1, 1996. Air Force Reserve. which nominations were received by the Sen- Brig. Gen. Donald B. Stokes, 000–00–0000, f ate and appeared in the Congressional Air Force Reserve. Record of December 18, 1995. LEGISLATIVE SESSION To be brigadier general Air Force nominations beginning Jonathan The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Col. John L. Baldwin, 000–00–0000, Air Force S. Flaugher, and ending Walter L. Bogart III, the previous order, the Senate will now Reserve. which nominations were received by the Sen- return to legislative session. Col. James D. Bankers, 000–00–0000, Air ate and appeared in the Congressional Force Reserve. Record of January 22, 1996. f Col. Ralph S. Clem, 000–00–0000, Air Force Air Force nominations beginning Donald REMOVAL OF INJUNCTION OF SE- Reserve. R. Smith, and ending James L. O’Neal, which Col. Larry L. Enyart, 000–00–0000, Air Force nominations were received by the Senate and CRECY—INVESTMENT TREATY Reserve. appeared in the Congressional Record of Jan- WITH UZBEKISTAN, TREATY Col. Jon S. Gingerich, 000–00–0000, Air uary 22, 1996. DOCUMENT 104–25 Force Reserve. Air Force nominations beginning Bradley Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, as in Col. Charles H. King, 000–00–0000, Air Force S. Abels, and ending Mark A. Yuspa, which executive session, I ask unanimous Reserve. nominations were received by the Senate and Col. Ralph J. Luciani, 000–00–0000, Air appeared in the Congressional Record of Jan- consent that the injunction of secrecy Force Reserve. uary 22, 1996. be removed from the following treaty Col. Richard M. McGill, 000–00–0000, Air Air Force nominations beginning Joseph P. transmitted to the Senate on February Force Reserve. Anello, and ending Barbara T. Martin, which 28, 1996, by the President of the United

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 States: Investment Treaty with A resolution (S. Res. 228) condemning ter- estinians must reaffirm that they are Uzbekistan, Treaty Document No. 104– ror attacks in Israel. worthy of taking charge of their own 25. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there destiny, and that they are living up to I further ask unanimous consent that objection to the immediate consider- their commitments to end terrorism. the treaty be considered as having been ation of the resolution? And the United States must step back read the first time; that it be referred, There being no objection, the Senate and ask yet again if we are doing the with accompanying papers, to the Com- proceeded to consider the resolution. right thing. mittee on Foreign Relations and or- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, it is with As painful as these realities are, we dered to be printed; and that the Presi- profound regret that I feel obliged to must not let them obscure our inter- dent’s message be printed in the offer another resolution condemning an ests in the Middle East peace process. RECORD. act of terrorism in Israel. Having just led a congressional delega- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Early this past Sunday, suicide tion on a trip to the region—where objection, it is so ordered. bombers from the Palestinian terrorist Senators, ROBB, INHOFE, and I met with The message of the President is as group Hamas slaughtered 25 innocent Prime Minister Peres and PLO Chair- follows: human beings in two separate terrorist man Arafat among other—I have a re- attacks. In Jerusalem, two young newed sense of the importance of the To the Senate of the United States: Americans, a young man and his peace agreements between Israel and With a view to receiving the advice financee, were among those who died. the Palestinians. and consent of the Senate to ratifica- Shock waves from the bomb blast re- We must also remember that the per- tion, I transmit herewith the Treaty verberated around Jerusalem. I am petrators of these heinous bombings Between the Government of the United confident that decent people the world are in fact the enemies of peace, and States of America and the Government over were dismayed. more to the point, the enemies of those of the Republic of Uzbekistan Con- Mr. President, we hear much oratory Palestinians who have committed cerning the Encouragement and Recip- about the sacrifices that must be made themselves to peace with Israel. My rocal Protection of Investment, with for peace, but surely, however, there own hope is that the world—and spe- Annex, signed at Washington on De- are mothers, fathers, and brothers and cifically the parties to the peace proc- cember 16, 1994. I transmit also, for the sisters throughout both Israel and ess—will not let them succeed in de- information of the Senate, the report America who are asking themselves stroying the peace. While we must in- of the Department of State with re- how much more they must sacrifice; deed hold Arafat’s feet to the fire, and spect to this Treaty. indeed when will they know peace? insist that he do more to stop terrorist The bilateral investment treaty When Yasser Arafat tours his new do- acts, we must acknowledge the (BIT) with Uzbekistan is designed to main, when he pays condolence calls on progress that the Palestinians have protect U.S. investment and assist the the families of suicide bombers, does he made to stop violence and terror. Republic of Uzbekistan in its efforts to ask himself what kind of man boards a Clearly they have not yet succeeded, develop its economy by creating condi- crowded bus with pounds of explosive, but we should not minimize the im- tions more favorable for U.S. private specially packed with shards of metal provements they have made since sign- investment and thus strengthen the de- to cause the maximum carnage? ing their peace agreements with Israel. velopment of its private sector. Is Arafat willing himself to continue Above all, this is a moment to com- The Treaty is fully consistent with to be identified as the leader of such miserate with the families of the vic- U.S. policy toward international and brutal men? If not, he must do more. tims, to express our profound sorrow domestic investment. A specific tenet Hamas and other such groups must be and regret to our ally, Israel, and to re- of U.S. policy, reflected in this Treaty, outlawed, and their members pros- affirm our basic and fundamental com- is that U.S. investment abroad and for- ecuted to the fullest extent of the law. mitment to the true success of the eign investment in the United States For peace hangs in the balance. If peace process. Our resolution intends should receive national treatment. Yasser Arafat expects Gaza and other to do just that, and I hope that the Under this Treaty, the Parties also areas under his control to be known as Senate will move to adopt the resolu- agree to international law standards anything more than a breeding ground tion as quickly as possible. for expropriation and compensation for for terrorists, he must move swiftly, Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I expropriation; free transfer of funds re- and decisively against the terrorists in rise today to join with the leadership lated to investments; freedom of in- his midst. of the Foreign Relations Committee vestments from performance require- Only then can mourning Americans and of the Senate in cosponsoring Sen- ments; fair, equitable, and most-fa- and Israelis believe that peace has real ate Resolution 228, a resolution con- vored-nation treatment; and the inves- meaning. demning the recent terror attacks in tor’s or investment’s freedom to choose Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I am Israel. to resolve disputes with the host gov- pleased to join with the distinguished The heinous attacks in Jerusalem ernment through international arbitra- chairman of the Senate Committee on and Ashkelon on February 25 killed 25 tion. Foreign Relations—Senator HELMS— people and wounded dozens more. A I recommend that the Senate con- and others in submitting a resolution radical, crazy minority opposed to the sider this Treaty as soon as possible, to condemn the recent terrorist at- peace process which is supported by and give its advice and consent to rati- tacks in Israel. most Israelis and Arabs has again fication of the Treaty, with Annex, at I have not doubt that all of my col- taken innocent lives. The perpetrators an early date. leagues were as stunned and dismayed and their supporters must be brought WILLIAM J. CLINTON. as I to learn about the horrifying to justice. THE WHITE HOUSE, February 28, 1996. bombings. All too often in the past sev- Such cowardly attacks are always f eral years, we have been forced to reprehensible. But these attacks truly watch the gut-wrenching pictures on brought home to us the horror of ter- CONDEMNING TERROR ATTACKS CNN of the Chaos, carnage, and misery rorism because the victims included IN ISRAEL of yet another terrorist bombing in two Americans, one of them from Con- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask Israel. necticut. This is the second time in unanimous consent that the Senate The frequency of these occurrences, less than half a year that the hand of proceed to the immediate consider- however, does nothing to lessen their terrorism has struck someone from ation of Senate Resolution 228, sub- devastating impact. Each time a bomb- Connecticut. mitted earlier today by Senators ing occurs, the Israeli Government In this case, Matt Eisenfeld—a won- HELMS, PELL, DOLE, and DASCHLE. must reexamine its approach to secu- derful young man, committed to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The rity and its commitments to the Pal- peace process, a student of the bible, Clerk will report. estinians. The Israeli people again exemplary of the best traditions—was The assistant legislative clerk read must come to grips with the fact that struck down by cowards planting a as follows: the peace has a heavy toll. The Pal- bomb on a bus.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1471 I am in awe of the strength of the The peace process must continue. The gestures which signal tolerance for such acts Eisenfeld family of West Hartford at two young American victims, Matthew and their perpetrators; such a difficult time. They have been Eisenfeld and Sarah Duker, whose fu- (4) calls upon the Palestinian Authority, true to their principles and true to ture life together was so cruelly taken and Palestinian representatives in the elect- ed Council to take all possible action to their son’s principles and continue to from them on Sunday, were committed eliminate terrorist activities by Hamas, Pal- support the movement toward peace in to peace. We can best honor their mem- estinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for spite of the awful loss they have suf- ory by staying on the path that they the Liberation of Palestine, and all other fered. Let us hope that people of simi- had chosen. such terror groups; lar strength and good will among the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask (5) urges all parties to the peace process, in Palestinians and the Israeli population unanimous consent that the resolution order to retain the credibility of their com- will not be distracted and deterred by be agreed to; that the preamble be mitment to peace, to bring to justice the these violent acts. agreed to; that the motion to recon- perpetrators of acts of terrorism, and to cease harboring, financing and arming terror Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise to sider be laid upon the table; and that groups in all territories under their control; condemn in the strongest possible any statements relating to the resolu- and terms this past Sunday’s heinous tion appear at the appropriate place in (6) urges the Clinton administration to act bombings in Israel. I also wish to con- the RECORD. decisively and swiftly against those who con- vey my heart-felt condolences to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tinue to harbor, arm or finance terror groups families of the 23 Israelis and the 2 objection, it is so ordered. seeking to undermine the peace process. young Americans who lost their lives So the resolution (S. Res. 228) was f in these despicable acts. agreed to. COMMEMORATING BLACK HISTORY Mr. President, many of us are asking The preamble was agreed to. MONTH AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF the same questions that Israelis are The resolution, with its preamble, is AFRICAN-AMERICAN UNITED asking in the wake of these attacks: as follows: STATES SENATORS why and for what end would someone S. RES. 228 commit such senseless acts of mass Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask Whereas on February 25, 1996, two vicious unanimous consent that the Senate murder? We probably never will be able terror attacks in Jerusalem and Ashkelon to penetrate the demented mind of a killed two American citizens and 23 Israelis, proceed to the immediate consider- suicide-bomber to understand what and wounded dozens more; ation of Senate Resolution 229, sub- causes that person to kill. But I think Whereas the Gaza-headquartered terrorist mitted earlier today by Senators DOLE we all know the immediate aim of the organization ‘‘Hamas’’ claimed credit for the and DASCHLE. bombers who struck on Sunday—it is attack; The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Whereas in 1995, 47 innocent Israeli and clerk will report. to spread fear and terror in order to de- American citizens were killed in Palestinian rail the peace process. The assistant legislative clerk read terror attacks; as follows: As hard as it is to comprehend, peace Whereas since the signing of the Declara- in the Middle East is actually per- tion of Principles between Israel and the A resolution (S. Res. 229) commemorating ceived as a threat in some quarters. Co- PLO on September 13, 1993, 168 people have Black History Month and contributions of existence, friendship, cooperation—all been killed in terrorist acts, 163 Israelis and African-American U.S. Senators. of these concepts are anathema to a five American citizens; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there small, extremist minority on both Whereas the Gaza-based ‘‘Hamas’’ terror objection to the immediate consider- group and Damascus-based Palestinian Is- sides. ation of the resolution? lamic Jihad and Popular Front for the Lib- There being no objection, the Senate And Mr. President, I would submit eration of Palestine terror groups have that the vast majority of Palestin- claimed responsibility for the majority of proceeded to consider the resolution. ians—which does believe in these con- those terror attacks; Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. Mr. Presi- cepts—needs to stand up now to pre- Whereas the PLO, the Palestinian Author- dent, it is indeed the most profound vent its future from being stolen by the ity and Yasser Arafat have undertaken on honor and privilege to stand before the extremists. These extremists offer a repeated occasions to crack down on terror United States Senate today to com- version of the future that includes a re- and bring to justice those in areas under memorate the 126th anniversary of the turn to the darkest days of the Arab- their jurisdiction who commit acts of terror; election of the very first African-Amer- Whereas notwithstanding such under- ican ever to serve in these great Senate Israeli conflict. Indeed, they see re- taking and some improvements in Pales- newed conflict as a necessary means to tinian efforts against terrorism, the vast ma- Chambers. achieve their ultimate goal of destroy- jority of terror suspects have not been appre- U.S. Senator Hiram Revels. ing Israel. hended, or if apprehended, not tried or pun- We are all of us indebted to this man, Mr. President, if the Palestinians ished, and no terror suspects requested for Mr. President—and to Senator Bruce want a brighter future for their chil- transfer have been transferred to Israeli au- and Senator Brooks who followed him. dren—as I know they do—then they thorities by Palestinian authorities in direct These leaders carried forth the dignity will need to stop these extremists in contravention of agreements signed between of black Americans, as they worked the PLO and Israel; vigilantly inside these Chambers to their tracks. Whereas the governments of Iran, Syria We stand ready, and I know that and Lebanon continue to provide safe haven, open the opportunity of America to all Israel stands ready, to provide what- financial support and arms to terror groups Americans. ever help the Palestinians need to win such as Hamas, Islamic Jihad, or Hezbollah The past is always prolog. The his- this fight. But they must be the ones to among others, and have in no way acted to tory of the contributions of African- initiate a new all-out battle with the restrain such groups from committing acts Americans is as much a part of the mo- violent rejectionists. of terrorism; saic of America as any other. Indeed, Israelis have rejected the message Whereas failure to act against terrorists by the dream of black Americans reso- and methods of extremists in their the Palestinian Authority, Syria and others nates so powerfully, because it is an can only undermine the credibility of the midst. Their democratically chosen in- peace process: Now therefore be it optimistic dream. Because it is about stitutions have been acting to thwart Resolved, That the Senate— inclusion. Because it is about expand- the designs of Israeli extremists. (1) condemns and reviles in the strongest ing opportunity. Because it breaks Recently, the Palestinians have ac- terms the attacks in Jerusalem and in down the barriers that divide us. quired their own democratically cho- Ashkelon; The Declaration of Independence and sen institutions. It is time for those (2) extends condolences to the families of our Constitution, the twin corner- new institutions to be put to the test all those killed, and to the Government and stones of our Nation, eloquently set by employing their full might in a bat- all the people of the State of Israel; forth the kind of nation we all want. (3) calls upon the Palestinian Authority, tle whose outcome will be historic for the elected Palestinian Council and Chair- Think about the preamble of our Con- the Palestinian people and the middle man Arafat to act swiftly and decisively to stitution. It states: east as a whole. apprehend the perpetrators of terror attacks, We the people of the United States, in Mr. President, we cannot let Sun- to do more to prevent such acts of terror in order to form a more perfect Union, establish day’s attackers achieve their goals. the future and to eschew all statements and justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 for the common defense, promote the general Today I am an inquisitor. I believe hyper- leader, embarked on his career as a welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to bole would not overstate the solemnness U.S. Senator defending the rights of ourselves and our prosperity, do ordain and that I feel right now. My faith in the Con- other blacks to hold public office. His establish the Constitution for the United stitution is whole, it is complete, it is total. first debate was against an amendment States of America. I am not going to sit here and be an idle to the Georgia readmission bill that With that elegant pronouncement, 39 spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction of the Constitution. prevented blacks from holding State white men laid down the tenants that office in Georgia, and from rep- I say to you today, Mr. President, would organize the Government for resenting Georgia in either House of Congresswoman Jordan was honoring a this, the greatest nation in the world. Congress. Prefacing his remarks, and I tradition of paramount importance to In so doing, they created a democracy quote: ‘‘With feelings which perhaps our African-American ancestors. A tra- which guides us still. never before entered into the experi- dition started by the man we honor However, as Dr. Martin Luther King ence of any member of this body,’’ Sen- today. Senator Hiram Revels, the very so wisely said, ‘‘The Declaration of ator Revels declared that black citi- Independence is really a declaration of first African-American to serve in the zens, ‘‘ask but the rights which are intent.’’ In reality, the Constitution Senate, representing the great State of theirs by God’s universal law.’’ And was more a statement of principles Mississippi during Reconstruction. Senator Revels reminded his audience Senator Revels was a courageous than a set of rules carved in stone. It of the contributions that African- man for his time. How he grew from his took almost two centuries of struggle American troops had made to the war ordinary roots to dedicate his life to and testing to fulfill the promise of so effort. Despite Senator Revels efforts, public service, and contribute in such lofty a pronouncement. the Georgia readmission bill was en- an extraordinary way to public policy For one thing, the new Americans acted. learned right away that ‘‘We the peo- in the Reconstruction era should show During 14 months of service in the ple’’ was a pretty exclusive group. It us all that every one of us really can Senate, Senator Revels spoke out certainly did not include women. make a difference. against legislation to segregate public Women were not enfranchised into the Consider who he was. Born the son of schools in the District of Columbia, body politic until the 19th amendment free parents, Senator Revels started and was instrumental in helping to in- to the Constitution was adopted in out in the ministry, preaching in the tegrate the work force at the Wash- 1920. Poor people were shut out, too. Midwestern and border States, and as- ington Navy Yard. Most States required ownership of sisting fugitives from slavery. When Although Senator Revels decided not property for participation in elections. the Civil War broke out, Revels was a to run for re-election, his short stay in Nor were young people recognized until school principal and a church pastor in the Senate paved the way for other Af- the 26th amendment was ratified in Baltimore. He helped raise two regi- rican-American Senators to follow. 1971, allowing 18-year-olds to vote. And ments of African-American troops in In fact, he opened the door of oppor- certainly not the large population of Maryland, then moved on to St. Louis, tunity for the election of Senator slaves, who counted as three-fifths of a MO, where he established a school for Blanche Kelso Bruce in 1875, who be- person, for purposes of the census, freed men. came the first African-American to taxes, and representation. The following year, in 1864, Revels serve a full term in the U.S. Senate. As Congresswoman Barbara Jordan joined the Union Army and served as Though born a slave, Senator Bruce was wont to note: ‘‘When the Constitu- chaplain assigned to an Army regiment still believed in the guiding truth of tion was completed in September 1787, of African-Americans stationed in Mis- the Constitution, and he dedicated his I was not included in that ‘We, the peo- sissippi. You heard me right. He served life to working for the inclusion of all ple.’’’ in a black regiment defending the under the arm of its protections. In an All of this despite the noble procla- Union in Mississippi. effort to support African-Americans mation: Such courage as this is the founda- seeking higher office, Senator Bruce We hold these truths to be self-evident, tion of our African-American ancestry. championed the cause of Pinckney that all men are created equal, that they are By 1870, Revels had been elected to Pinchback, a Louisiana Republican endowed by their creator with certain the Mississippi State Senate. But des- who might have been this Nation’s unalienable rights, that among these are life, tiny tapped his shoulder when the Re- third black Senator but for a challenge liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to publican-dominated legislature elected to his seat. In his first speech in this secure these rights, governments are insti- Revels to the U.S. Senate, in anticipa- Chamber, Senator Bruce vigorously de- tuted by men, deriving their just powers tion of the State’s readmission to rep- fended Pinchback, and the Republican- from the consent of the governed. resentation in Congress. dominated legislature which had elect- After the first Constitutional Con- It was in 1870, you will recall, and the ed him to the Senate. But it was to no vention, Benjamin Franklin was asked: 15th amendment granting citizens the avail. ‘‘What have you wrought?’’ He an- right to vote regardless of race or pre- During his 6-year term in the Senate, swered: ‘‘A Republic, if you can keep vious condition of servitude, was fi- Senator Bruce served as chairman of a it.’’ nally passed. 1870. That is almost 100 select committee charged with inves- If we can keep it. Indeed it is a grand years after the Constitution declared tigating the Freedman’s Savings and vision that has inspired generations of this country to exist for the protec- Trust Co.—a federally chartered insti- African-Americans to steward the Con- tions of all people. tution whose collapse threatened to stitution so that this statement of in- His victory was not without a fight. impoverish thousands of black deposi- tent shall be realized and turned into a Sent to Washington, Senator Revels’ tors. Through his efforts, investors reality that benefits all Americans. By credentials were immediately chal- were able to recover more than half of contrast, a history which deliberately lenged. On the basis of the Dred Scott their deposits. erases the sagas of blacks and women decision by the Supreme Court in 1857, Senator Bruce made great contribu- is no history at all—it is fiction—as which judged that persons of African- tions in the fight for inclusion during flat and incomplete as a history that American descent were not U.S. citi- his one term in the Senate. However, would leave out George Washington, zens, he was accused of failing to sat- despite the tremendous strides Abraham Lincoln or any of these 39 isfy the citizenship requirement to achieved during the Reconstruction men who founded our great country. hold elected office in the Senate. era, in the late 1870’s, ominous tactics Worse, it has the ultimate mischief The debate over Senator Revels seat of intimidation unbecoming of a great of misdirecting future activity that became increasingly bitter. For 2 days, democracy were used to exclude Afri- grows forth from that fraud. For the his opponents offered up a caustic mix can-Americans from full participation past is indeed prolog. A distorted past of racial epithets, inflammatory in the voting process. Lives were without texture and honesty misleads charges, and specious arguments in a threatened, and lives were lost, when us all. futile effort to prevent the seating of Afican-Americans dared to exercise And so Congresswoman Barbara Jor- the Nation’s first black Senator. their right to vote. dan said, too, when she was seated in As a result, this minister and school Both of these gentlemen clung to the the House Chambers— principal, this educator and spiritual promise of a republic, guided by a love

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1473 of liberty. And they did this, Mr. Presi- clouds of war on the horizon. Lincoln, Dr. Kind once said, ‘‘The arc of the dent, despite their direct exposure to a not at that point an abolitionist, ar- moral universe is long, but it bends to- society that condoned slavery—and es- gued the question of the Douglas legis- ward justice.’’ African-Americans can poused the degradation of humanity— lation, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, take real pride in the fact that by our which characterized the popular will of which would make the extension of struggles for freedom, all people are their times. They did this because they slavery into the territories a matter to made free. By our commitment and hoped. Because they were determined be decided by referendum. Lincoln sacrifice, the weight of moral author- that their hopes would not be in vain. thought slavery was best confined ity has helped bend that arc. By help- Even so, it was not for another 86 where it already existed, and made the ing convert that Declaration of Intent years—that’s almost a century, Mr. moral argument against human en- into a firm reality, by insisting on a President, a full century—until Amer- slavement as the basis for his opposi- definition of community that is inclu- ica elected another African-American tion to its extension. Douglas defended sive of all people and nurturing of to the U.S. Senate. his bill. Douglas won the election to human potential, we build the founda- Not until the great surge of the civil the Senate. When I sat in that seat for tion for a 21st century that will move rights era was the third African-Amer- the first time, I made sure I was well us beyond the painful struggles and ican Senator elected; 1967 was the year, positioned in it. lost talent which so sadly character- and the American politics had ma- How very different our times might ized our past. tured. For one thing, a change in the have been—had the outcomes of their There is a term in mathematics Constitution allowed for direct elec- conflict been different. Through the known as Vector addition. Simply stat- tions by the people, rather than elec- crucible of a great civil war, our Na- ed it holds that you add forces working tions or appointments by State legisla- tion redefined itself, to admit to citi- together and subtract forces working tures. zenship those persons of color who were against each other. This formula is as Thus, it was a significant victory, previously held as chattel. In his com- true for society as it is for mathe- Mr. President, when the people of Mas- mitment to the Union, Lincoln held matics. If we can continue on the path sachusetts, on their own volition, on out a hope of freedom to those who, to human dignity, and in the direction the basis of their own vision and wis- themselves, had never stopped hoping. of the Declaration and Constitution to- In his second inaugural address, Lin- dom and depth of comprehension of gether, we will reach the goals set out coln said with no small amount of an- America’s political values elected Sen- guish, ‘‘With malice toward none, with there. We will create the America that ator Edward Brooks to the U.S. Senate. charity for all, with firmness in the our ancestors prayed and died for. Senator Brooks was only the first Af- We are not there yet. right as God gives us to see the right, rican-American ever to win a Senate Today, a lot of Americans want to let us strive on to finish the work we seat by direct election. With his vic- believe that we have arrived. People are in, to bind up the nations wounds, tory, the American electorate showed now want to move away from the con- to care for him who shall have borne that it had grown in its maturity. The cept of inclusion, saying we need go no the battle and for his widow and his or- people had a deeper connection to the further. But remember that I am still phan, to do all which may achieve and meaning of ‘‘We the People.’’ They ap- the only African-American sitting in cherish a just and lasting peace among preciated the value of inclusion for all the Senate today, and I am the very ourselves and with all nations.’’ peoples. They understood the great ‘‘Let us strive on to finish the work first African-American woman to win possibilities of allowing diversity to we are in***’’ election to the Senate in the history of thrive in our Nation, and so they Lincoln was referring to the war be- the United States. Of the 1,827 Senators opened up the ranks of participation in tween the States. But to African-Amer- in the history of the United States, leadership. icans, the struggle against racism and only 4 have been African-American. Senator Brooks served two terms for human dignity was to continue. The numbers alone tell you where we until 1979. During his 12 years of serv- Again, their contributions in that con- are and how far we have to go. ice, Senator Brooks supported a num- tinuing struggle compel us today. Har- I look forward to the day in Amer- ber of measures aimed at healing the riet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, ican history when we will no longer Nation’s racial and economic divisions, W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Wash- have reason to take note how many including tax reform, fair housing leg- ington, Paul Lawrence Dunbar and women and African-Americans are in islation, the extension of the Voting James Weldon Johnson, Mary McCloud the Senate. I want to see that great Rights Act and Federal aid to edu- Bethane and S. Phillip Randolph, day when ‘‘We the People’’ will include cation. George Washington Carver and Jackie all Americans, that great day when Each of these three gentlemen set a Robinson, Ida B. Wells and Mary skin color and ethnicity will not mat- fine example of leadership that all Church Terrell, Langston Hughes, ter. Gender will not matter. The great Americans can be proud of. Each cham- Ralph Bunche. Each name conjures a day when the diversity that makes pioned the cause of justice, democracy, story of heroism, of patriotism, of America so special in the history of the and liberty for all. And perhaps most hope. world will finally achieve this perfect notably, each one of them avowed that We are today the product of their union that our Forefathers envisioned. one day, one day the promise of Amer- sacrifice, their labor, and their com- We are, after all, in this together. ica would be a reality for all Ameri- mitment to community. It is in the es- Black and white, southern and north- cans. sential message of their contributions ern, male and female, all these distinc- Mr. President, I stand on the floor of that we find guidance for out times. tions should point us to the real this most powerful legislative body, These people were great because they truth—that we are all created equal, and I am only the fourth American of reached outside of themselves to define and we are all one community. In our African descent to serve in the U.S. and serve the community as they multi-color, multi-faceted, multi-di- Senate. The fourth ever. And the only hoped it would be. They saw, and en- mensional diversity, we are all one one serving today. hanced the possibilities for America. people. And in that diversity lies our But I want to tell you that I share They were protectors of the Constitu- strength. When whites can take pride the hopes of my ancestors, too. When tion, cherishing and defending and pro- in the contributions of black Ameri- the Senate convened for the first time, moting the promise of freedom. And in cans, and blacks can take pride in the we met in the old Senate Chamber, and their many endeavors, they sought to history of white Americans, we can all I searched out the desk of my prede- guarantee that the value of liberty and be proud of our common heritage and cessor from Illinois who would actually the sanctity of human dignity would common humanity. have been seated in that Chamber. never be lost in this great Nation. They And from that diversity we can stir It was the seat of Stephen Douglas. would not drop the flag because they the competitive pot, giving full play to You may recall that Abraham Lincoln believe in the Republic. They were the complete range of talent that 100 debated Stephen Douglas in the late stewards of the Constitution and the percent of our people—not just some of 1850’s, and the famous Lincoln-Douglas values it so eloquently established as our people—can bring to bear on the debate sharpened the focus of the the bedrock foundation of this country. challenges of our time.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S1474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 29, 1996 When my own great State of Illinois zens in government service to the people of STAR PRINT—S. 1535 rached beyond race and gender to em- the United States of America; and Whereas, 125 years ago on February 25, Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask brace my candidacy, and carry me to unanimous consent that the bill, S. an election triumph, they gave all of 1870, Republican Hiram Rhodes Revels of Natchez, Mississippi was seated as the first 1535, be star printed with the changes America a wonderful victory. It was Black citizen to serve in the United States that I understand are presently at the first and foremost a victory for ‘‘We Senate; and desk. the People,’’ a resounding advancement Whereas, the service of Senator Revels, an The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and maturing of the American char- ordained minister of the Christian Gospel, objection, it is so ordered. acter, that it should promote leader- was distinguished by conscientious support f ship on the basis of individual con- for desegregated public education, reconcili- tributions and vision, not on the basis ation, equal political opportunity and vet- URGING THE PRESIDENT TO AN- of race and gender. erans’ benefits and by opposition to discrimi- NOUNCE THE RESULTS OF A RE- nation in government employment and polit- VIEW OF CASES OF GALLANTRY Yes indeed, the people of Illinois can ical corruption; and be proud of the patriotism and love of Whereas, Blanche Kelso Bruce of Bolivar AND HEROISM BY BLACK AMERI- country, which prompted this ultimate County, Mississippi, whose term commenced CANS DURING WORLD WAR II fulfillment of our Founding Fathers on March 5, 1875, became the first Black cit- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask and mothers visions for what we could izen to serve a full term in the U.S. Senate unanimous consent that the Senate become. Like the people of Massachu- and distinguished himself by supporting proceed to the immediate consider- setts who elected Senator Brooks be- equality in Western state land grants, deseg- ation of S. Res. 230, submitted earlier fore me, the victory was a mark of regation in the U.S. Army, electoral fairness, equitable treatment of Native Americans today by Senator INHOFE, for himself progress that all leadership and all par- and by opposing fraud and incompetence in and Senator CAROL MOSELEY-BRAUN. ticipation. An act of inclusion that rec- governmental affairs; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ognizes the worthiness of all facets of Whereas, Edward William Brooke of New- objection, it is so ordered. American life, and the need for all of ton, Massachusetts on January 3, 1967 be- The clerk will report. America to benefit from that experi- came the first Black citizen to be elected di- The assistant legislative clerk read ence and expertise. rectly by the people to serve in the U.S. Sen- as follows: ate (and then was re-elected), distinguished African-American history month is a A resolution (S. Res. 230) to urge the Presi- himself by supporting American history celebration for all of us. It is not jsut dent to announce at the earliest opportunity awareness, racial reconciliation initiatives, the results of the Senior Army Decorations for black children deprived of role mod- strengthened foreign relations, stronger Board which reviewed certain cases of gal- els and heroes of their heritage. It is higher education, improved veterans’ bene- lantry and heroism by black Americans dur- not just for white children, who are fed fits, affordable housing and the performing ing World War II. media images of African-Americans as arts; and drug dealers and gang bangers. It is a Whereas, Carol Moseley-Braun of Chicago, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there celebration for all of us, and a time for Illinois on January 3, 1993 became the first objection to the consideration of the reflection on the kind of America we Black woman and the first Black member of resolution? want to leave as our legacy. But most the Democrat Party to be seated in the U.S. There being no objection, the Senate Senate and is currently distinguishing her- of all, it provides us with an oppor- proceeded to the consideration of the self for her resolute commitment to equal resolution. tunity for truth telling. Because there opportunity in education, advocacy of wom- are tens of thousands of ordinary black en’s and children’s rights, support for busi- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask Americans who have made significant ness entrepreneurship, expanded economic unanimous consent that the Senator contributions in the arts, literature, opportunity, equity for family farmers and from Virginia [Mr. WARNER] be added politics, science, business and commu- fiscal responsibility and for her forceful op- as a cosponsor of S. Res. 230. nity service. Most importantly of all, position to all forms of crime; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without black history teaches that we all have Whereas, on February 29, 1996 the African- objection, it is so ordered. American Alliance, the James E. Chaney a role to play in making this country Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask Foundation, and Local 372 of District Coun- unanimous consent that the resolution great. We all had played a role in shap- cil 37 of the American Federation of State, ing the past, and we all have a role to County and Municipal Employees, are spon- be agreed to, the preamble be agreed play in shaping the future. All of us— soring ceremonies in the U.S. Capitol Build- to, and the motion to reconsider be laid African, Irish, Italian, Heinz 57 variety, ing to pay tribute to the pioneering legacy of upon the table, and that any state- we are all Americans and we will all in- these intrepid and highly esteemed role mod- ments relating to the resolution appear dividually and collectively make the els; Now, therefore, be it at the appropriate place in the RECORD. decision today which will determine Resolved that the United States Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without does hereby join in honoring these inspiring objection, it is so ordered. tomorrow. legislators and expresses profound gratitude That is why this salute to Hirim Rev- So the resolution (S. Res. 230) was for their innumerable substantive contribu- agreed to. els, Blanche Bruce, and Ed Brooks is a tions to the pursuit of justice, fairness, salute to America and a celebration of equality and opportunity for all U.S. citi- The preamble was agreed to. the history of the contribution of zens. The resolution, with its preamble, is Americans of African descent. as follows: Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask f S. RES. 230 unanimous consent that the resolution MEASURE SEQUENTIALLY Whereas black Americans served in the Armed Forces during World War II with her- be agreed to; that the preamble be REFERRED—S. 1186 agreed to; that the motion to recon- oism and distinction, often giving their lives sider be laid upon the table; and that Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask to ensure United States victory in that war; unanimous consent that when the Whereas prevailing attitudes in the Armed any statements relating to the resolu- Forces at that time often prevented appro- tion appear at the appropriate place in Committee on Energy and Natural Re- sources reports S. 1186 regarding the priate recognition of the distinguished serv- the RECORD. ice of black Americans, particularly service The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Flathead Irrigation and Power Project, meriting the award of the medal of honor; objection, it is so ordered. the bill be sequentially referred to the Whereas in May 1993, the Secretary of the So the resolution (S. Res. 229) was Committee on Indian Affairs for a pe- Army convened a study to review the proc- agreed to. riod of 20 days, excluding days when esses and procedures used by the Department The preamble was agreed to. the Senate is not in session; further, of the Army in awarding medals during The resolution, with its preamble, is that if the Indian Affairs Committee World War II in order to determine whether racial bias and procedural violations re- as follows: has not reported the measure at the end of 20 session days, the bill be dis- sulted in medals not being awarded to black S. RES. 229 American members of the Army for their Whereas, Black History Month in 1996 is a charged from the committee and acts of distinguished or heroic service in fitting occasion to direct public attention to placed back on the calendar. that war; the many significant contributions which The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Whereas the study recommended the re- have been made by African-American citi- objection, it is so ordered. view of the distinguished acts of 10 black

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:15 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S29FE6.REC S29FE6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS February 29, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1475 American members of the Army in World back-to-back votes will occur begin- To be vice admiral War II in order to determine whether to rec- ning at 2:15 p.m. on Tuesday. The first REAR ADM. (SELECTEE) RICHARD W. MIES, 000–00–0000 ommend that the medal of honor be awarded vote is on adoption of the Cuba con- to such members for such acts; THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ference report, and the second is on the TO THE GRADE OF VICE ADMIRAL IN THE U.S. NAVY Whereas pursuant to subsection (d) of sec- WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND tion 3744 of title 10, United States Code, the third attempt to invoke cloture on the RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, President may award a medal of honor to a D.C. appropriations conference report. SECTION 601: person qualified for the medal, notwith- Consequently, the next rollcall votes To be vice admiral standing that the time for awarding the will be 2:15 p.m. on Tuesday, March 5, REAR ADM. DENNIS A. JONES, 000–00–0000 medal has otherwise expired under such sec- 1996. tion; IN THE MARINE CORPS f Whereas the award of the medal of honor THE FOLLOWING-NAMED COLONEL OF THE U.S. MARINE to black Americans recommended by the RECESS UNTIL 11 A.M., MONDAY, CORPS RESERVE FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE OF Senior Army Decorations Board would re- BRIGADIER GENERAL, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SEC- MARCH 4, 1996 TION 5912 OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE: verse a past injustice; and Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, if there Whereas many family members, col- To be brigadier general be no further business to come before leagues, and comrades of such black Ameri- COL. LEO V. WILLIAMS III, 000–00–0000 cans, and a grateful Nation, have sought for the Senate, I ask that the Senate stand more than 50 years proper and appropriate in recess under the previous order. IN THE AIR FORCE recognition for the distinguished actions of There being no objection, the Senate, AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JAMES M. ABEL, such black Americans: Now, therefore, be it at 7:57 p.m., recessed until Monday, JR., AND ENDING ROBERT L. WILLIAMS, WHICH NOMINA- Resolved, That the Senate— TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED March 4, 1996, at 11 a.m. IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON DECEMBER 18, 1995. (1) commends the Secretary of the Army f AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JONATHAN S. for convening a study to review the processes FLAUGHER, AND ENDING WALTER L. BOGART III, WHICH and procedures used by the Department of NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- CONFIRMATIONS PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY the Army in awarding medals for service in Executive nomination confirmed by 22, 1996. World War II in order to determine whether AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING DONALD R. racial bias and procedural violations re- the Senate February 29, 1996: SMITH, AND ENDING JAMES L. O’NEAL, WHICH NOMINA- TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED sulted in medals not being awarded to black EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY 22, 1996. American members of the Army for their BARRY R. MC CAFFREY, OF WASHINGTON, TO BE DIREC- AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING BRADLEY S. acts of distinguished or heroic service in TOR OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY. ABELS, AND ENDING MARK A. YUSPA, WHICH NOMINA- TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED that war; IN THE AIR FORCE IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY 22, 1996. AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JOSEPH P. (2) commends the Senior Army Decora- THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE tions Board for convening to review cases ANELLO, AND ENDING BARBARA T. MARTIN, WHICH RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE, TO THE GRADE INDICATED, NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- pertaining to certain black American mem- UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY bers of the Army for their acts of con- CODE, SECTIONS 8373, 12004, AND 12203: 22, 1996. spicuous gallantry in that war; and To be major general AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING EDWARD A. ASKINS, AND ENDING JAMES L. SCOTT, WHICH NOMINA- (3) urges the President, pursuant to section BRIG. GEN. BOYD L. ASHCRAFT, 000–00–0000 TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED 3744(d) of title 10, United States Code, to en- BRIG. GEN. JIM L. FOLSOM, 000–00–0000 IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY 22, 1996. dorse the recommendations of the Senior BRIG. GEN. JAMES E. HAIGHT, JR., 000–00–0000 AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING ANDREA M. AN- BRIG. GEN. JOSEPH A. MC NEIL, 000–00–0000 DERSEN, AND ENDING BRYAN T. WHEELER, WHICH NOMI- Army Decorations Board and bring to a close BRIG. GEN. ROBERT E. PFISTER, 000–00–0000 NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- the long struggle for appropriate recognition BRIG. GEN. DONALD B. STOKES, 000–00–0000 PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY of our heroic black American patriots. 22, 1996. To be brigadier general AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING STEPHEN W. AN- f COL. JOHN L. BALDWIN, 000–00–0000 DREWS, AND ENDING RICHARD M. ZWIRKO, WHICH NOMI- COL. JAMES D. BANKERS, 000–00–0000 NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MARCH 4, COL. RALPH S. CLEM, 000–00–0000 PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY COL. LARRY L. ENYART, 000–00–0000 22, 1996. AND TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1996 COL. JON S. GINGERICH, 000–00–0000 AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JEFFREY K. COL. CHARLES H. KING, 000–00–0000 SMITH, AND ENDING LOWRY C. SHROPSHIRE, WHICH Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask COL. RALPH J. LUCIANI, 000–00–0000 NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- unanimous consent that when the Sen- COL. RICHARD M. MC GILL, 000–00–0000 PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY COL. DAVID R. MYERS, 000–00–0000 1, 1996. ate completes its business today, it COL. JAMES SANDERS, 000–00–0000 AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING MATTHEW D. AT- stand in recess until the hour of 11 a.m. COL. SANFORD SCHLITT, 000–00–0000 KINS, AND ENDING STEVEN J. YOUD, WHICH NOMINA- COL. DAVID E. TANZI, 000–00–0000 TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED on Monday, March 4, for a pro forma COL. JOHN L. WILKINSON, 000–00–0000 IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY 1, 1996. session only, and that immediately fol- IN THE ARMY IN THE ARMY lowing the convening, the Senate stand THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WILLIAM G. HELD, in adjournment until 9:30 a.m., March TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL IN THE U.S. ARMY WHILE AND ENDING PATRICIA B. GENUNG, WHICH NOMINATIONS 5, 1996, and that immediately following ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPON- WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE SIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY 22, 1996. the prayer, the Journal of the Pro- TION 601(A): ARMY NOMINATION OF RICKY J. ROGERS, WHICH WAS ceedings be deemed approved to date, To be general RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- GRESSIONAL RECORD OF FEBRUARY 1, 1996. no resolutions come over under the LT. GEN. JOHNNIE E. WILSON, 000–00–0000 ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING JAMES C. FERGUSON, AND ENDING MICHAEL M. WERTZ, WHICH NOMINATIONS rule, the call of the calendar be dis- NAVY pensed with, the morning hour be WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY 1, 1996. deemed to have expired, and the time TO THE GRADE OF ADMIRAL IN THE U.S. NAVY WHILE AS- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING ROMNEY C. ANDER- for the two leaders be reserved, at SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- SEN, AND ENDING DAVID F. TASHEA, WHICH NOMINA- BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SEC- TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED which time the Senate would proceed TIONS 601 AND 5035: IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY 1, 1996. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING DANNY W. AGEE, AND to the conference report to accompany VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS ENDING FRANK A. WITTOUCK, WHICH NOMINATIONS H.R. 927, under a previous consent To be admiral WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY 9, 1996. agreement. VICE ADM. JAY L. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without NAVY THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT objection, it is so ordered. TO THE GRADE OF VICE ADMIRAL IN THE U.S. NAVY NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING CHARLES ARM- WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND STRONG, AND ENDING WINCESLAS WEEMS, WHICH NOMI- f RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- SECTION 601: PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY PROGRAM 22, 1996. To be vice admiral NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING CALEB POWELL, JR., Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, for the REAR ADM. VERNON E. CLARK, 000–00–0000 AND ENDING PAUL T. BROERE, WHICH NOMINATIONS information of all Senators, the Senate WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JANUARY 22, 1996. will debate the Cuba conference report TO THE GRADE OF VICE ADMIRAL IN THE U.S. NAVY NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING MAURICE J. CURRAN, and the D.C. appropriations conference WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND AND ENDING KIM M. VOLK, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- report on Tuesday morning, and two SECTION 601: GRESSIONAL RECORD ON FEBRUARY 1, 1996.

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