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The iH lltop: 2000 - 2010 The iH lltop Digital Archive

11-2-2004 The iH lltop 11-2-2004 Magazine Hilltop Staff

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THE BATTLE: IN AN EPIC BA TILE FOR --:J:n~.r l!liiM1

STANDING BY YOUR MAN:

ALWAYS AGREE WITH THEIR RUNNING MATES, BUT THEY MUST STAND BEHIND IHEIR~- . PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE AND SUPPORT THEM IF THEY WILL BECOME VICE PRESIDENT. Bush and Kerry battle II out for the iob • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • t Kerry and Bush t i J:ompared. •' 'I l

•I

•I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

FILEPHOTO -1

~ Is on the ballet. •• •••••••••

The second in Charge: THE VICE PRESIDENT

FILE PHOTO • • • • • • • • The money Find out how • • Spent on the The Electoral • • Campaign College Vote • • Works • FILE PHOTO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 't ... • • • • Do you know • • Who your • • Senior is? •

• FILE PHOTO FILE PHOTO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Three US Supreme

Justices to retire soon MAGAZINE DESIGNED BY ARION JAMERSON I

~ • • • • • •I ,• • • I • I • • • I I • • • •

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......

FILE PHOTOS The Battle to Become President of the United States ofAme rica

• BY NAKIA HILL to the Republican and Democratic Bush had four years to do some­ Conventions and both candidates thing anything to make life bet­ Millions of United States positions. This year's election ter for hardworking families. But citizens will march to the vot- means business to the unspoken instead of seizing the moment, he ing booths with sweaty palms, voices in America and both Kerry squandered the opportunity. Then anticipation, and the slogan vote and Bush have folded up their he spent his entire campaign try­ or die in their minds and hearts sleeves while one candidate runs ing to make us believe the unbe­ on November 2. This year's to urban churches and the other lievable." Presidential election will be the runs toward Nebraska to let all of Senator was born determining factor of the United its supporters know where they in Colorado on December States and its citizen's futures stand. 11 , 1943 at Fitzsimmons Military because it will determine whether It is one thing to say that you Hospital. He graduated from Yale their families receive affordable stand for something that will affect University and received a law health care, jobs, proper educa­ the lives of millions, turn around, degree from Boston College in tion and safety. do the opposite, and disturb 1976. President George W. Bush the hves of others. Therefore, it Senator Kerry entered the and Senator John F. Kerry have is crucial for the United States Navy where he became a Swift participated in debate forums this citizens to know both President Boat officer, serving on a gunboat , past month addressing their views Bush and Senators Kerry's back­ in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. on homeland security, the econo­ grounds and their position on the During his service in the Navy, my, health care, and various other issues that affect you, so you can he received a Silver Star, Bronze issues that may concern choose who will be the 44th Star with Combat V, and three United States citizens, president of the United awards of the Purple Heart for his but do Americans States of America. service in combat. feel secure about President After attending law school the presidential PRESIDENiJ"IAL George Walker Senator Kerry began his public candidate's posi­ CANDIDA'T"E'S GLOSSY Bush was born career in 1976 as a prosecutor in tions and the CAMPAIGNS, PERSUA­ on July 4, 1946 Middlesex County District attor­ information that SIVE JARGON, At\JD INNO­ in New haven neys office, Massachusetts. He they have fed CENT SMILES HAVE NOT Connecticut, later became the Massachusetts to the world. FOOLED SOME CITIZENS but he spent lieutenant governor in 1982 and Confusion is the OF AMERICA. an enormous was later elected the Senator of word many voters amount of his Massachusetts in 1984. especially first time life in Texas. In Today Senator John Kerry is voters may use when 1968, he received 60 and is serving his fourth term asked so, who are you his Bachelor's degree in the and going to vote for. While oth- from Yale University and in was nominated as the Democratic ers might be singing and asking addition, he received his Masters Party's 2004 presidential candi­ themselves "Why" like JADAKISS, of Business Administration from date. while deciding again who am I in 1975. Senator John Kerry is married going to vote for, which president President Bush served his to Teresa Heinz Kerry and has is planning on helping my com­ time in the military as an F-102 two daughters from his previous munity and the issues that I face fighter pilot in ttie Texas Air marriage. everyday. National Guard. He has an exten­ Presidential candidate's glossy sive resume including his career campaigns, persuasive jargon, in politics, energy business, and and innocent smiles have not partnered ownership of the Texas fooled some citizens of America. Rangers baseball franchise. In Today with organizations and addition, President Bush is the campaigns such as Citizens first Governor in Texas to be Change lead by Hip Hops own elected four consecutive terms. leaders Russell Simmons and President Bush is married to First Sean "P-Diddy" Combs has Lady Laura Bush and has twin encouraged many youth across daughters. America to vote and pay attention Senator Kerry says, "George The Hilltop 5 KNOW WMA17 IBlJSIH AND KE~~y WllLIL DO IN O~FICE

• BUSH KERRY CIVIL RIGHTS • Has both opposed and supports affirmative • Supports affirmative action and received a action 100 percent NAACCCP approval rating in • Bush has appointed five minority cabinet 2002, for his support of civil rights members out of fifteen • Plans to reform immigration laws • Opposes same sex marriages • Opposes the right for gays to adopt children • Supports military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy • Supports Death Penalty . EMPLOYMENT • Supports the idea of providing younger • Supports creating good paying jobs in workers the opportunity to decide on putting America by cutting taxes from businesses part of their payroll tax into personal retire­ that create job_s overseas instead of America ment accounts, in return for smaller social • Supports cutting middle class taxes to raise security benefits the average Americans incomes • Supports 2001 , 2003 tax cuts because he believes they have helped keep the econo­ my going ·although there has been 1.2 mil­ lion job decline in the United States since Bush took office in January 2001

EDUCATION • Supports providing inner city youth with • Supports the no child left behind act but vouchers that would allow them to attend believes it is under funded ' private schools • Supports establishing a National Education • Proposed in his 2004 State of Union Trust Fund to ensure that schools always address adding $33 million to the $12 bil­ get the funding they need lion Pell Grant college scholarship program, • Supports making colleges more affordable which he previously favored cutting and offering a fully refundable college oppor­ • Supports and signed on January 2, 2002 No tunity tax credit on the first $4,000 of tuition Child Left Behind Act which holds schools for every year of college and offer aid to accountable for low test scores and violence states that keep tuitions down in public schools and offers students imme­ diate transfers to better public or charters if failed

HEALTH CARE • Opposes a national health care plan but • Plans to make health care affordable to all believes in improving the current health care Americans system in the United States • Wants to provide financial incentives to • Supports reducing drug costs for low-inC"Ome· · lower drug costs patients • Supports allowing patients to sue HMOs to • Supports adding prescription drug benefits collect money for personal damages to ones to health care health • Supports placing limits on patient lawsuits against HMOs

ABORTION • Opposes abortion except in special cases • Voted against the 2003 bill president Bush such as rape, incest or if a woman's life is signed making it a federal crime for doctors endangered ~ to perform third trimester abortion proce­ • Supports the Child Custody Protection Act, dures which makes it illegal to transport minors • Supports women's right to choose abortion across state lines to receive abortions to avoid parental notification laws

WAR ON IRAQ • Supported the administrations decision on • Supports prevention of prospective terrorist invading both Afghanistan because it sup­ attacks on America posedly housed Osama Bin Laden and Iraq • Voted for the 2002 bill that established because there claimed to be weapons of the Department of Homeland Security and mass destruction which were never found or allowed commercial pilots to carry fire arms even exist • Supports improving the countries health sys­ • Supports keeping over 130, 000 United tem in case of chemical or biological attack States troops in Iraq through the middle of on America 2005 COMPLIED BY NAKIA HILL ' The Hilltop 7

• - Reform Ralph Nader is probably the only third party can­ didate that would have candidates of either party worried. Many democrats urged Nader not to run for president, because they feared that he would take desperately needed votes away from John Kerry in a closely divided election race. This is what they feel happened in the 2000 presiden- tial election when Nader ran as a Green Party candidate. Born in Winsted, Connecticut in 1934, he is famous as consumer and environmental activist. Nader is especially known for his book, Photo Courtesy of www.american-buddha.com ·unsa'e at Any Speed'. which exposed the unsafe practices of the automobile industry.

David Cobb- Green Party Raised in San Leon , Texas, is a lawyer. He worked to put himself through school, and graduated from the University of Houston law school in 1993. While running his law prac­ tice in Texas in 2000, then Green Party candidate, Ralph Nader, asked Cobb to organize his cam­ ! paign in Texas. Cobb ended his practice to run the • campaign. During this time, he became General • Counsel for the Green Party. On October 8, 2004 Cobb was arrested for civil disobedience in St. • Photo Courtesy of www.dallytargum.com • Louis while protesting being excluded from the •~ presidential debates . • 'I I - Constitution Michael Peroutka is a graduate of Loyola College in and the University of law school. He has a partner with his brother in the law firm, Peroutka & Peroutka for 18 years. Peroutka is the founder of the The Institute on the Constitution which teaches values from the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He is chairman of the Constitution party of Maryland. Peroutka once worked for the U.S. department of Health and Photo Courtesy of www.constltutlonpsrty.com Human Services, until he decided that his work was unconstitutional.

Michael Badnarik- Libertarian was born in Hammond, I Indiana. He attended Indiana University at Bloomington, majoring in chemistry but he never earned his degree. In 1977, he began working as a computer programmer. In 2000 and 2002, Badnarik was the Libertarian candidate for the Texas House • of Representatives. res1 Photo Courtesy of www.lp.org NADER COBB PEROUTKA BADNARIK

CIVIL RIGHTS • Supports Affirmative • Supports affirmative • Against Affirmative • Against Affirmative Action action Action Action • Supports Rep. John • Wants to change gov­ Conyers' bill to estab­ ernment policies that lish a federal com­ make it difficult for mission to help repair minorities to be self­ damage done to employed. as slaves and institution- alized racism.

EMPLOYMENT • Plans to create new • Supports changing • Wants to decrease • Promises to create jobs by requiring equi­ minimum wage to a government regulation jobs with less gov­ table trade, investing living wage beginning of the private sector. ernment regulation in improving local at $1 O and increasing and less government public works, funding with inflation spending education • Says he would sup­ port small businesses, workers, and the self employed

EDUCATION • Against private school • Supports changing • Wants to close down • Federal government vouchers federal funding for­ the Department of should not be involved • Against federal gov­ mulas for schools to Education because he with education ernment overempha­ make districts more feels it is unconstitu­ • Feels that schools sizing standardized equal tional. should be privatized tests • Supports educational • Feels education is grants for the poor, primarily responsibility minorities, and the \ of state and local gov­ disabled ernments

HEALTH CARE • Supports a universal • Supports a unive~sal • Feels healthcare is • Feels health care is federally financed sin­ federally financed sin­ not responsibility of over regulated gle-payer health care hea~h gle-payer • . .. • care >. . federal government. • Supports limiting mal­ ' . plan ·plan . · . .,.·...... ".. practice lawsuits to ..· ... , situations where phy­ sicians are really at ·. fault • Supportstaxincen­ tives for individuals or organizations starting

. ABORTION • Feels abortion is a • Supports full repro­ • Opposes abortion for • Opposes go\rernment private matter for a · . ~--:- 'ductfve freedom. any reason regulation of abortion woman, and govern--._ ' • Promises to end it first • Feels abortion should ment should not inter.. - :.. day in office always be legal fere.

WAR ON IRAQ • Feels Iraqi war could • Supports immediate • Supports immedi­ • Supports the removal have been avoided removal of troops ate end of American of troops as soon as • Supports replacement from Iraq involvement in Iraq safely possible of American troops • Opposes military draft • Against the Draft with a UN peacekeep­ ing force

COMPLIED BY AYESHA RASCOE The Hilltop 9 The Vice President's Role

,

• Photos Courtesy of www.naspe-patients.org and www.bkr.danlelsh.com BY ADAM VICKS But as centuries progressed, hand] Cheney constantly hides the vice president's role became behind the scandal of Halliburton. During each presidential elec­ more respected and visible. "Everyone knows he repre­ tion year, the campaign is always Dr. Harold Scott, Deputy sents the elite of the country, and heavily focused on the presiden­ Director of the Ralph Bunche it seems he's not giving a clear tial candidates. But who is the Center at Howard University, perception of what his role is." man behind the "front man"? And shared that in Vice President But not all agree. what role does he play in the Richard Cheney is no better "If you are going to look at executive office? example of exhibited power of qualifications," Scott said, "Dick The Vice President of the that office. Cheney is clearly the more quali­ United States, according to "Under Bush, the Vice fied candidate." Wikipedia Encyclopedia, is the President has emerged as the While the outcome may be second-highest executive official most powerful that we've had per­ as unsure as the news polls that in United States government. As haps [throughout] the 20th cen­ show either candidate leading by the first in the line of succession, tury," he stated. And with the first some small percentage, the vice the Vice President assumes the Vice Presidential Debate ever, the presidential role will pose a chal­ office of the presidency upon office seems to carry more weight lenge no matter who wins. death, resignation or removal by in elections as well. In the past the Vice impeachment or conviction of the With a significant margin of Presidential duties were limited President. undecided voters in this election to presiding over the Senate and Historically, nine vice presi­ year, many news companies and casting a vote during Senate dents assumed the presidency political organizations have called deadlocks. However, in more upon death or resignation, with this debate critical for each candi­ recent years we've seen the Vice fourteen succeeding in all. But date. President act as spokesperson how did the office come about Dr. Russell L. Adams, a pro­ for the administration's policy and itself? The U.S. Senate website fessor at Howard who holds a also adviser to the President. gives an extensive history on the Ph.D. in Political Science, gave With broadening power, senior office of the vice president. his own insight on the focus of political science and history Betore the rise of the this debate, stating, "Republicans major Aminata Jutte said, ''The Democratic and Republican par­ thought it would be a good time to vice president should qualify for ties, the framers of the constitu­ highlight the lack of experience of being a leader and a follower, tion voted that the candidate Edwards and [his views on] inter­ because as the second person receiving the most electoral votes national politics in particular." in command and the voice in the would win the presidency, while As a relative newcomer to the Senate, he should possess the his runner up would assume the Senate, received qualities needed in order to run role of vice president. criticism from his opponent for his the country more efficiently." However, that constitutional lack of experience in executive system was dissolved in the administration. Nonetheless, for election of 1800, when both some people, the debate renewed Thomas Jefferson and Aaron faith in the Kerry-Edwards ticket. Burr received an equal number "My guess is that Edwards of electoral votes. The House of won it," Adams stated, adding, "I Representatives ended up elect­ think he had nothing to conceal, ing Jefferson, but within four while Cheney had various false­ years, passed the 12th hoods to try to explain and Amendment to the nullity about weapons Constitution. "UNDER of mass destruc­ Under this BUSH, THE VICE tion and our main amendment, the PRESIDENT HAS enemy being present sys­ EMERGED AS THE MOST Saddam:· tem-wherein POWERFUL THAT WE'VE He added. separate bal- HAO PERHAPS [THROUGH- "E:dwards did not lots are cast for OUT] THE 20 TH CENTURY," have a history to presidents and hide, and there­ FILE PHOTO vice presidents­ -DR. HAROLD SCOTT, fore he could deal was adopted. THE RALPH BUNCHE more up front with But the role of CENTER the implication of the vice president, issues." other than "acting presi­ Junior English dent" or "first-in-succes- major, Derick Bowers, hav­ sion," seemed somewhat unfultill­ ing watched the debates as ing by some. This was the com­ well, shared his overview of how plaint many framers of our gov­ Edwards always makes sure he ernment argued, going as far as shows himself as personal as to refuse to sign the constitution. possible, adding, "[On the other The Hilltop 11 Alabama- 9 - 8 North Dakota- 3 number Alaska- 3 - 9 Oklahoma- 7 Arizona- 10 Maine- 4 Ohio-20 Arkansas- 6 Mary land- 10 Oregan- 7 Of California- 55 Massachusetts- 12 Pennsylvania- 21 Colorado- 9 Michigan- 17 Rhode Island- 4 Electoral Connecticut- 7 Minnesota- 10 South Carolina- 8 Delaware- 3 Missouri- 11 South Dakota- 3 District of Columbia- 3 - 6 Tennessee- 11 College - 27 Montana- 3 Texas- 34 Georgia- 13 Nebraska- 5 Utah- 5 Uotes Hawaii- 4 Nevada- 5 Vermont- 3 Idaho-4 New Hampshire- 4 - 13 Indian- 12 New Jersey- 15 Washington- l 1 By Illinois- 21 New Mexico- 5 West Virginia- 5 Iowa- 7 - 31 Wisconsin- 10 State Kansas- 6 - 15 Wyoming- 3 BYAMANDANEMBHARD D.C. This is supposed to make the lar votes given by each state. system of voting fair considering If you don't vote, it could effect Though we all probably took a popular vote in a larger state the outcome of the race for your a class in high school about can outnumber a smaller state's state. Hov.·ever, it has happened the U.S. Government, it was popular vote. Electors are chosen where an elector voted for a party something many of us failed based on their involvement in poli­ other than what was voted for. to remember. It seemed like tics and their specific political party. "Your vote matters a lot in your so long ago when we learned As part of the original idea of the state," said White. ''The statistics about our Founding Fathers, The Constitution, The Electoral College are that less than 1 percent of elec­ Declaration of Independence, is made as a voice of the people tors have strayed from voting for The Constitution and more • thlvUl::jl I c;1t::l,.;LUI ;:,. VV I lt::l I VVt:: VUlt:: IUI the cana1uc:uc; ll 1c;y VVvl v 1-"'"''"'l::f"'U importantly, the voting process. President, we are technically voting to vote .for. In practice the popular In light of all that's happened dur- '· for the elector's position or party vote counts close to a ·hundred ing the 2000 presidential elections,. based on the state's popular vote. percent of the time. In just a few it's no wonder people are taking cases, the electors voted differently. more initiative to dust off theirhis- How is this and the 2000 elec­ "Most of the time the Electoral tory books and learn more about tion related? College system makes · no dif­ what happens when we vote. The Electoral College was . ference except for · 2000. There The 2000 election was one of the main focus in 2000. Though was a significant difference in the ii1 e mos con rovers1a e ec ions more peop e na 1onw1 e vo e or popu ar vo es versus in U.S. history. The race between Vice President , Governor toral votes. Most of time Vice President Albert Gore and George W. Bush won the elec­ the electoral vote matters." Governor George W. Bush ended tion. Questions arose and suspi­ Students, however, have dif­ with many people skeptical about cions grew. The electoral votes fered opinions about the neces­ their vote being counted. It also were looked upon as un~air. Of sity of the Electoral College. caused an uproar about inform­ the 538 votes, Governor Bush "I don't think it is effective," said ing voters about what really goes received 271 and Vice President Kennedy. "Elected officials should on during the voting process. Gore received 266. One electoral bedeterminedbythenumberofover­ It was the first time in almost vote wasn't cast though it wouldn't all voters who want them in office." 100 years that the popular vote make much of a difference. outnumbered the electoral vote. Some Howard students believed The outcome for this year What is the electoral vote you the 2000 election was rigged Nobody is completely sure ask? Instead of having to dust off because of Florida's impor­ as to the outcome of this year's a history book and search through tance in the election's outcome. election. There have been many a table of contents, here is a fast, "The 2000 presidential election efforts to promote a higher instant guide to Voting 101. was very shady because Bush's number of voters and this can brother, Jeb, was the governor of make a tight presidential race. Voting 101 Florida, the state that was in con­ "In a lot of states, the votes are By now, we all know which troversy," said John Kennedy, a expected to be close," said White. presidential candidate we want to sophomore print journalism major. ''The Congress has provided the vote for. However, it isn't just the Florida was in controversy because states with more funding to get majority that is needed to pick it was the last state to have a deci­ more advanced systems to vote." a president. What truly deter­ sion from it's appointed electors. The Electoral College is in fact mines the winning candidate This led to recounts of votes and an essential way to regulate the comes from the Electoral College. even a Supreme Court decision voting process and it is impor­ weeks after the initial election. tant to understand it's position in What is the Electoral College? "There was uncertainty as to the voting process. White added No, the Electoral College is not the outcome of the election in why we should all be informed. a school but a process created by Florida," said Michael White, direc­ "I think we found out in 2000 that a the U.S. Constitution. It is the real tor of legal affairs and policy of the lot of people did not understand the way in which the president is elect­ Office of the Federal Register in Electoral College process very well. ed. This doesn't mean that your Washington, D.C. "There was a It is important to understand it. We vote doesn't count, it is just the recount process which went on for don't have a nationwide election ~ process every presidential election several weeks and left the decision but we have a popular vote in each must go through. According to the up in the air for a couple of weeks. state, which is very important to Office of the Federal Register, the The results were so close." the state. The presidential election Electoral College was the result is a 51 state election counting D.C. of a mix between the popular vote Is the Electoral College really "It's important for everyone. Every by the people and the number needed? individual has issues important to or representatives in Congress. After learning about the them. Every presidential election There are currently 538 electors in Electoral College, it is common for is important." the United States. The number of someone to question the strength Visit www.archives.gov/fed­ electors in each state is determined of their vote. It is clear to under­ eral_reg ister/electoral_college/ by population and the number of stand that the Electoral College index.html for more information. Senators in Congress including is based on the amount of popu- ' The Hilltop 13 - I - I - I

Undecided YC)U TELL US Voter Gets A •1u An"'•r ans •• •r• 91"•nted Disappointing the. "ght to s •Y •nvtt11ng we tee ( • •bout th 1 rt•tion or at, Surprise 1dm1nl1tr•tlon~ P•rt. ..•

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MTV and Youth Remixers Ma.Ice Venture: 20 's Million Loud Scream Funky And Grants r-~--. Danceable

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•• BY ALNISE OVERTON Edwards raised $14.5 million back often times was skeptical about in 2003 while running as a demo­ the impact of voting. The presidential elections are cratic presidential candidate and The campaigns this election approaching quickly; and millions spent $1.8 million on T.V. ads discuss all the topics voters are are being spent from television to 1n Iowa, Massachusetts, New advised to be aware of from know­ internet advertisements. Hampshire, Oklahoma, and ing each candidate's stand on Both the Republican South Carolina. Another issues, to college students obtain­ and Democratic par­ $6.8 million was raised ing the right information for absen­ ties have used just last Feb. right before tee voting. "I think its good they've about every form March 3 when he been (targeting) young . people THE FIRST 13 of advertising to resigned. Bush's for the elections this year, maybe MONTHS OF THE BUSH persuade voters runriing mate, things will change," says Amber AND CHENEY CAMPAIGN for their support. Robinson, sophomore biology $145 MILLION WAS RAISED There is no limit refused to reveal major at Howard University. AND SENATOR JOHN to their campaign how much he's For more information on where KERRY ESTABLISHED $33 budgets and raised. But the you voting polls will be, go the MILLION. according to the first 13 months District of Columbia's official web­ non-partisan cen- of the Bush and site www.dcboee.org or call the ter for Responsive Cheney campaign Board of Elections and ethics at Politics, the estimated $145 million was raised (202) 727-1000. cost of the 2004 elections and Senator John Kerry are expected to be reach $4 established $33 million. billion. Currently President Bush sits The Internet is home to millions at a $260 million budget represent­ of advertisers, even the presiden­ ing for the Republican Party, and tial campaigns of this year's elec­ Senator Kei"ry is not too far behind tion for President George W. Bush at $248 million for the democrats. and Senator John Kerry. Internet Both parties are using all their users are likely to encounter pop­ resources to persuade the public. up advertisements that offer money "Bush's campaign doesn't or gift certificates in exchange for sound explicit to me, you don't real­ taking polls to reveal who they'll ly know what they mean, promises be voting for. Websites like www. without action is not good Uust like ourwordonit.com, offers promo­ in 2000)," is the response given by tional items such as trucker hats, Hassan Bangor, a Charles E. Smith mouse pads, and teddy bears with Customer Service Representative, the American flag in favor of John when asked how effective the Kerry; while other websites like advertising has been. www.progogear.com, have a vari­ Although both parties are in ety of t-shirts to choose from that their pursuit of votes that will make support President Bush. them the winner, there are other • John Edwards, previous dem­ canfpAi~ns alid orga-nizafibhs that ocratic presidential candidate, simply encourage everyone to now Vice President running mate vote-no matter who they may be of John Kerry, also has voting voting for. In the 2000 Presidential paraphernalia on cafepress.com. Election only 35 percent of There are promotional voting Americans voted. This year the items like t-shirts, sweatshirts, cof­ voting campaigns such as Sean FILE PHOTO fee mugs, and bumper stickers "P. Diddy" Comb's "Vote that can be found on the site. or Die" and MTV's "Choose or Other media resources have been Loose," are targeting 18 to 35 year used as well. Kerry began running olds. It appears many people have • television ads this past March in become involved; there has been 17 states, and President Bush college parties specifically focused began in April with 18 states on on registering voters, and Hip-Hop national cable networks and radio mogul Russell Simmons has been stations. In February both candi­ traveling the country in efforts to dates used emails to contact the increase the number of young public. President Bush sent out an voters. "You can really see the anti-Kerry web video in an email impact when you see young broth­ to more than six million supporters ers walking around (with a shirt) and Senator Kerry responded with that says, "Kerry is my homeboy," an anti-Bush email to more than explained Regina Green, a U.S. Photo Courtesy of www.det.new.com 300,000. Postal Service worker. Green was According to the Courier Times, one of the people who voted but The Hilltop 1 5

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Alabama • Montana Jeff Sessions(R) and (R) • Conrad Burns(R) and (D) Alaska • Nebraska Theodore F. Stevens(R) and (R) • Earl Benjamin Nelson(D) and Chuck Hagel(R) • Arizona • Nevada (R) and John McCain(R) • John E. Ensign(R) and Harry Reid(D) Arkansas • New Hampshire Mark Pryor(R) and Blanche L. Lincoln(R) • John Sununu(R) and Judd A. Gregg(R) California • New Jersey (D) and (D) • Jon S. Corzine(D) and Frank R. Lautenberg(D) Colorado • New Mexico Wayne Allard(R) and Ben Nighthorse Campbell(R) • (D) and Pete V. Domenici(R) Photo Courtesy of www.brldge.edu Connecticut • NewVork Joseph I. Lieberman(D) and.Christopher J. Dodd(D) • Hillary Rodham Clinton(D) and Charles Schumer(D) Delaware • North Carolina Thomas R. Carper(D) and Joseph R. Biden, Jr.(D) • Elizabeth Dole(R) and John Edwards(D) Florida • North Dakota Clarence William Nelson(D) and (D) • Kent Conrad(D) and Byron L. Dorgan(D) Georgia • Ohio Saxby Chambliss(R) and Zell Miller(D) • Mike DeWine(R) and George Voinovich(R) Hawaii • Oklahoma · Daniel K. Akaka(D) and Daniel K. lnouye(D) • James M. lribofe{R~andDon . ~ickles,8) -:. Idaho • Oregon Larry E. Craig(R) and Mike Crapo(R) • Gordon Smith(R) and (D) Illinois • Pennsylvania Richard Durbin(D) and Peter Fitzgerald(R) • Rick Santorum(R) and (R) Indiana • Rhode Island Richard G. Lugar(R) and Evan Bayh(D) • Lincoln D. Chafee(R) and Jack Reed(D) • Iowa • South Carolina Thomas R. Harkin(D) and Charles E. Grassley(R} • Lindsey Graham(R) and Ernest F. Hollings(D) Kansas • South Dakota (R) and Sam Brownback(R) • lim Johnson(D) and Thomas A. Daschle(D) Photo Courtesy of www.llbrary.georgetown.edu Kentucky • Tennessee Mitch McConnell(R) and Jim Bunning(R) • William H. Frist(R) and Lamar Alexander(R) • Louisiana • Texas (D) and John B. Breaux(D) • Kay Bailey Hutchison(R) and John Cornyn(R) Maine • Utah Olympia J. Snowe(R) and Susan Collins(R) • Orrin G. Hatch(R) and Robert Bennett(R) Maryland • Vermont Paul S. Sarbanes(D) and Barbara A. Mikulski(D) • James M. Jeffords(!) and Patrick J. Leahy(D) • Massachusetts • Virginia Edward M. Kennedy(D) and John F. Kerry(D) • George F. Allen(R) and John W. Warner(R) Michigan • Washington • Deborah A. Stabenow(D) and (D) • (D) and Patty Murry(D) Minnesota • West Virginia Mark Dayton(D) and Norm Coleman(R) • Robert C. Byrd(D) and John D. Rockefeller IV{D) Mississippi • Wisconsin (R) and (R) • Herbert H. Kohl(D) and (D) Missouri • Wyoming James Talent(R) and Christopher S. ~nd(R) • Craig L. Thomas(R) and Mike Enzi(R) Photo Courtesy of www.brown.edu BY DANYELLE HADAWAY has representation based on each no African Americans holding states population. Larger states seats in the Senate. In fact, there It seems safe to assume that receive more representation and have only been four blacks ever, Howard students are hipped to smaller states receive less. , Edward politics much like they are hipped One of these framers, James Brooke, Blanche Bruce, and Hiram to pointy toe flats and button­ Madison stated, ''The use of the Revels. ups since Howard University Senate is to consist in proceed­ African American Barack stands strong in the center of ing with more coolness, with more Obama is the favorite to add some Washington, DC, the nation's capi­ system, and with more wisdom, diversity to the Senate when hope­ tol and the core of political activity. than the popular branch." Madison fully he takes one of the Illinois Undoubtedly, these students know basically said that if the masses seats in the November election. If their president-of the United were stupid, at least the senators,. not, there will still be no one rep­ States that is, since some suffer appointed by state legislators until resenting African-Americans when memory lapses when it comes to 1913 when the 17th Amendment the Senate confirms or denies the the president of Howard. Some of the Constitution gave voters the future president's choices for cabi­ students know their mayor, their power to elect them, would be a net members, ambassadors, and governor, and sometimes even check against the masses. The possibly federal judges and no their House Representative. But sentiment encouraged the framers blacks in the key committees, such when comes to knowing their sen­ to lengthen the senators' terms to as the Appropriations Committee ators, they tend to form the expres­ six years compared to the two­ that recommends annual federal sion Scooby gets when Thelma year terms of representatives and spending amounts, the Finance asks him who ate all the Scooby to have only elections for one-third Committee that considers reve­ Snacks, "Arf?" of the Senate at a time to give it nue measures, and the Budget Ironically, since only two sena­ more continuity than the House, Committee that prepares the annu­ tors represent each state, there­ where the entire membership is al budget. From that data alone, fore representing large popula­ elected every two years. Ronnell Wade, a marketing major, tions of people, senators receive Even now with the voter's direct still believes, "Politics is bullshit more press and public attention elections of the Senate, senators [but] I don't think it is an excuse than House members according to fail to look like their constituents. for me not to know my senators." Encarta.com. Yet, the general con­ lnsteae;· the· Seftate ~eeks mere ·, Especially since some senators sensus among Howard students is like a country club since most of its become presidential contenders a severe disinterest because most members are millionaires primarily such as Bob Dole and recently want to know like Janell Harmon, a due to average of seven million dol­ John Kerry. freshman psychology major, "What lars it costs to run advertisements So for those students 18 and do they do for us?" and send out mail according above who felt like Malika For thos_e needing a brush up to Encarta.com. Anderson, an aspiring phy­ on their government, senators col­ The costs to ·run sician assistant, who lectively in the Senate "make all for election in addi­ THE COSTS "never really thought laws which shall be necessary and tion to the need to TO RUN FOR about [who my sen- • proper" for carrying out the spe­ win over a major­ ELECT.ION IN ADDI­ ator was] because cific powers of Congress accord­ ity of a whole TION TO T~E NEED TO I was not old ing to Article I, Section 8 of the state makes WINI O'i/ER A M:A.JORITY OF enough to vote" Constitution and to investigate and it extreme- A WHOLE SliATE MP..KES IT should remem­ oversee the executive branch. ly difficult for EXT.REMELY DIFFICULT ber that there Remember, the Senate is half minorities and F<:>R MINORITIES AND are more repre- of the bicameral legislator-the women to hold WOMEN TO HOLD sentatives than other half being the House of seats. Right now SEATS. just the President. Representatives, that the framers only 14 women, Know your sena­ set up in the Constitution after Native American Ben tors and when election agreeing to the Great Compromise Nighthorse Campbell time comes for the Senate, where the Senate has equal repre­ of Colorado, and Hawaiian along with the House, the mayor, sentation of each state regardless Daniel K. Akaka of Hawaii are and the governor, VOTE!!! of the state's size and the House in the Senate. So no, there are The Hilltop 1 7 Photos Courtesy of www. encarta.msn.com and www.angelo.edu - BY SHARI LOGAN eral minority, which includes Chief One historical case in which Justice Rehnquist and Justice Rhenquist ruled on was Roe v. Since Chief Justice William Stevens respectively. O' Connor Wade (1973), and at that time he Rehnquist and Associate Justices is notoriously known for being the voted against the decision that John Paul Stevens are over the swing voter. The other members gave women the right to have ages of 80 and Associate Justice of the court include Associates an abortion. Several years later Sandra Day O'Connor is over 70 Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, when the principles of this case and all have collectively served Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, were challenged in Planned a total of 94 years in the United Stephen Breyer, and Ruth Bader Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. States Supreme Court, it is highly Ginsburg. v. Casey (1992), Rehnquist stood likely that these members will These nine judges made the firm on his position of pro-life while retire shortly after the upcoming memorable 5-4 ruling back in Bush O'Connor and Stevens upheld the presidential elections. v. Gore (2000), which stated "that woman's right to choose. If this happens, it will be the punch card balloting machines can Rehnquist has been serving responsibility of either President produce an unfortunate number of on the Supreme Court since 1972 George W. Bush or Sen. John ballots which are not punched in a when President Richard Nixon Kerry, depending on who wins the clean, complete way by the voter." nominated him and became the Presidential Election on November Thus, the continuation to manu­ Chief Justice on September 25, 2, 2004 to fill the vacancies. Most ally count ballots was unconsti­ 1986. Three years later Stevens political experts agree that these tutional because it violated equal joined him and O' Connor came in candidates will nominate a judge protection in election processes. 1981 . . whose views are not contrary to As a result, Bush won the election their own. because he had a small lead over In fact, the conservative Al Gore in the state of Florida, President Bush who opposes which enabled him to gain enough gay marriages and abortions has votes from the Electoral College. already told citizens that he would In this case Rehnquist voted pick judges who are "strict con­ against the state of Florida to structionists." The Republican continue it manual count while Party platform even states, "We Stevens and O' Connor dissented support the appointment of judges on the principle that it was in the who respect traditional farnily val­ best interest of the state to decide ues and the sanctity of innocent how to carry out their elections. human life." However, O' Connor is notori­ 1 On the contrary, Sen. Kerry ous for switching her positions has said that he wants judges who between the conservatives and will uphold current constitu­ liberals. This can be seen tional law and Supreme in Gratz v. Bollinger Court decisions. (2003) when the final More recently in the vote of 6-3 showed third presidential that she sided with debate he stated THIS ELECTION IS Rehnquist and he would subject VERY IMPORTANT TO THE declared that potential nomi- FUTURE DECISIONS THAT ""the University nees to a litmus WILL COME OUT OF THE of Michigan's use test on abortion SUPREME COURT. of racial prefer­ This confirms ences in under­ a statement he graduate admis- made while cam­ sions violate[s] paigning in January the Equal Protection • early this year when Clause of the Fourteenth he said,"lf you believe that Amendment, Title VI of the choice is a constitutional right, and Civil Rights Act of 1964." This I do, and if you believe that Roe v. opinion applied only to their under­ Wade is the embodiment of that graduate school. Photo Courtesy of www. benjamlnscoleblogspot.com, right ... I will not appoint a justice to Nevertheless, she was the tie­ www.supct.law.comell.edu, the Supreme Court of the United breaker in Grutter vs. Bollinger and www.obogs.com States who will undo that right." (2003) with a vote of 5-4. This This election is very important case supported the use of race to the future decisions that will as a deciding factor in admissions come out of the Supreme Court. at the University of Michigan's Hopefully, the placement of any law school. Rhenguist was in the new judges will end the reign of the minority and Stevens voted in the conservative majority vs. the lib- majority with O'Connor. The Hilltop 19 HOW

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