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Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the pennission of the Author. 'UNREALISED PLANS. THE NEW ZEALAND COMPANY IN THE MANAWATU, 1841 - 1844.' A Research Exercise presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements f6r the Diploma in Social Sciences in History at Massey University MARK KRIVAN 1988 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have helped me in the course of researching and writing this essay. The staff of the following: Alexander Turnbull Library. National Archives. Massey University Library. Palmerston North Public Library, especially Mr Robert Ensing. Wellington District Office, Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, especially Mr Salt et al. Mrs Robertson of the Geography Department Map Library, Massey University. all cheerfully helped in locating sources and Maps, many going out of their way to do so. Mr I.R. Matheson, P.N.C.C. Archivist, suggested readings and shared his views on Maori land tenure in the Manawatu. He also discussed the New Zealand Company in the Manawatu and the location of the proposed towns. He may not agree with all that is written here but his views are appreciated. Thanks to Dr. Barrie MacDonald, Acting Head of Department, for seeing it through the system. Thanks to Maria Green, who typed the final draft with professional skill. My greatest debt is to Dr. J.M.R. Owens, who supervised this essay with good humoured patience. He provided invaluable help with sources and thoughtful suggestions which led to improvements. -
Historical Snapshot of Porirua
HISTORICAL SNAPSHOT OF PORIRUA This report details the history of Porirua in order to inform the development of a ‘decolonised city’. It explains the processes which have led to present day Porirua City being as it is today. It begins by explaining the city’s origins and its first settlers, describing not only the first people to discover and settle in Porirua, but also the migration of Ngāti Toa and how they became mana whenua of the area. This report discusses the many theories on the origin and meaning behind the name Porirua, before moving on to discuss the marae establishments of the past and present. A large section of this report concerns itself with the impact that colonisation had on Porirua and its people. These impacts are physically repre- sented in the city’s current urban form and the fifth section of this report looks at how this development took place. The report then looks at how legislation has impacted on Ngāti Toa’s ability to retain their land and their recent response to this legislation. The final section of this report looks at the historical impact of religion, particularly the impact of Mormonism on Māori communities. Please note that this document was prepared using a number of sources and may differ from Ngati Toa Rangatira accounts. MĀORI SETTLEMENT The site where both the Porirua and Pauatahanui inlets meet is called Paremata Point and this area has been occupied by a range of iwi and hapū since at least 1450AD (Stodart, 1993). Paremata Point was known for its abundant natural resources (Stodart, 1993). -
Pp.080-092 Piper Wairua Massacre FINAL
80 Australian Folklore 28, 2013 Post-Colonialism and the Reinterpretation of New Zealand’s Colonial Narrative: The Wairua Massacre * Andrew Piper ABSTRACT: Post-colonialism has provided the means by which contemporary historians can challenge the previously held notions of national history and folklore. Using the specific example of the Wairua Affray, an early violent confrontation between settlers and Maori in New Zealand, this paper demonstrates how post-colonialism enriches and provides a more accurate, balanced and nuanced comprehension of past events. The creation of a new collective understanding of the past contributes to improving race relations between different peoples and the lands they inhabit. * War is always horrible even when it is an absolute necessity, it is much more so when the necessity is more than doubtful, and more so still when positively unjust … This is not the place in which to discuss the justice of our war in New Zealand against the Maories [sic], the noblest savages in the world. But it was a war disastrous to us in many respects, although we shouted victory with great gusto—disastrous as our Afghan Wars, Abyssinian War, and Zulu War. For conquest is not always success, and many a victory in arms has been merely the brutal oppression of the strong against the weak and, therefore, morally, a miserable and pitiful failure … Edwin Hodder, c. 1880.1 Introduction Few cultural forces have influenced the modern world more than the processes of colonialism and post-colonialism. Over three-quarters of world’s current population have had their lives shaped in someway by * The author would like to thank Emeritus-Professor David Kent and Professor John Ryan who commented on an earlier draft of this paper. -
Resource Booklet
!1" Marelene Smith 2021 !2" Marelene Smith 2021 Leaders and Leadership During our research into Aoetearoa - Our Whakapapa, Our Stories leadership was a strong, emerging theme. The following is a compilation of the most interesting leaders we found. Some were “good” and some were “bad” leaders. It depends on your perspective! There is a distinctive style of leadership evident among New Zealanders. They are independent thinkers and often “lead from the back”. Explore our links to access more detailed information. !3" Marelene Smith 2021 1769 Tupaia Notable for: ! being a Tahitian priest and navigator who joined the Endeavour’s crew. ! being trained in traditional Polynesian seagoing knowledge, his ability to draw maps of the Tahitian islands from memory and translate traditional sailing stories into the European system of wind and compass directions. ! his role as a peacemaker and translator when Cook and the Endeavour encountered Māori, and in turn the Māori acclaimed him as a Tohunga (expert) for his knowledge. Supporting Link https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/6t2/tupaia 1830 Edward Gibbon Wakefield Notable for: ! his schemes to secure wealth and power. He created the New Zealand Company to sell NZ land and set up his own “model society”. ! selling land that he never owned, some of it belonging to Māori who had never given up their rights. This led to a number of conflicts including the Wairau Affray, in which Wakefield’s brother Arthur was killed. ! the company running up debts while Wakefield paid himself a generous salary. The Company was eventually shut but its debts passed to the NZ government instead of Wakefield. -
New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 1 – 1840S
Reference Guide New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 1 – 1840s Fragment of the Treaty of Waitangi in te Reo Māori. Facsimiles of the Declaration of Independence and the Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington: Govt. Printer, 1976 Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a lunchroom off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers’ Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research This guide gives examples of the types of material relating to the New Zealand Wars held at the Hocken. All items must be used within the library. As the collection is large and constantly growing not every item is listed here, but you can search for other material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search|Ketu. -
Kaikoura: Historical Background
Kaikoura: Historical Background Jim McAloon Lecturer, Human Sciences Division, Lincoln University. [email protected] David G Simmons Reader in Tourism, Human Sciences Division, Lincoln University. [email protected] John R Fairweather Senior Research Officer in the Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University. [email protected] September 1998 ISSN 1174-670X Tourism Research and Education Centre (TREC) Report No. 1 Contents LIST OF FIGURES iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv SUMMARY v CHAPTER 1 KAIKOURA – HISTORICAL OVERVIEW.............................................. 1 1.1 Geography.......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Māori Settlement................................................................................ 1 1.3 Crown Purchases................................................................................ 4 1.4 Pastoralism......................................................................................... 6 1.5 Small Farming.................................................................................... 7 1.6 Conclusion: An Enduring Pattern ...................................................... 9 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 13 ii List of Figures Figure No. Page No. 1. Areas of historical and Māori significance in the Kaikoura district..............2 iii Acknowledgements Funding for this research was provided by the Foundation for Research, -
Sir George Grey and the British Southern Hemisphere
TREATY RESEARCH SERIES TREATY OF WAITANGI RESEARCH UNIT ‘A Terrible and Fatal Man’: Sir George Grey and the British Southern Hemisphere Regna non merito accidunt, sed sorte variantur States do not come about by merit, but vary according to chance Cyprian of Carthage Bernard Cadogan Copyright © Bernard Cadogan This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without the permission of the publishers. 1 Introduction We are proud to present our first e-book venture in this series. Bernard Cadogan holds degrees in Education and History from the University of Otago and a D. Phil from Oxford University, where he is a member of Keble College. He is also a member of Peterhouse, Cambridge University, and held a post-doctoral fellowship at the Stout Research Centre at Victoria University of Wellington in 2011. Bernard has worked as a political advisor and consultant for both government and opposition in New Zealand, and in this context his roles have included (in 2011) assisting Hon. Bill English establish New Zealand’s Constitutional Review along the lines of a Treaty of Waitangi dialogue. He worked as a consultant for the New Zealand Treasury between 2011 and 2013, producing (inter alia) a peer-reviewed published paper on welfare policy for the long range fiscal forecast. Bernard is am currently a consultant for Waikato Maori interests from his home in Oxford, UK, where he live s with his wife Jacqueline Richold Johnson and their two (soon three) children. -
Ngati Toa Rangatira 8
Cultural Impact Report Dry Creek Replacement Cleanfill September 2012 Te Rūnanga O Toa Rangatira Inc Whakatauki Toitu te Marae o Tane, Toitu to Marae o Tangaroa, Toitu to Iwi. If the domain of Tane survives to give sustenance, And the domain of Tangaroa likewise remains, So too will the people. 2 Table of Contents Introduction 5 Te Runanga o Toa Rangatira Inc 7 Ngati Toa Rangatira 8 • Ngati Toa Origins and Heke south 8 • The Ngati Toa Empire 9 Ngati Toa Rangatira Rohe 9 Ngati Toa’s Customary Rights 10 • Customary Rights • Ngati Toa’s Traditional Relationship 11 with the Project area 12 • Crown Strategy to undermine Ngati Toa Polity 12 • Continuous Presence 13 13 • Key Findings of the Waitangi Tribunal Cultural Significance 15 • Te Ao Maori 15 • Assessment of cultural significance 17 Assessment of Cultural Effects 20 • Freshwater Effects 20 • Removal of Native Vegetation 23 • Erosion and Sediment • Waahi tapu 23 24 3 Mitigation of Cultural Effects 26 • Streams 26 • Native Vegetation 27 • Sediment 28 • Waahi Tapu 28 28 • Monitoring 29 • Memorandum of Understanding Conclusion 30 Appendix I – Brief of Evidence of Richard 33 Boast 34 Appendix II – Te Rauparaha 35 Appendix III – Te Rangihaeata 36 Appendix IV – Taupo Pa 37 Appendix V – Te Rangihaeata’s Pa 38 Appendix VI – Boulcott’s Stockade 39 Appendix VII – Battle Hill 4 Introduction Te Runanga o Toa Rangatira Inc has been engaged by Winstone Aggregates to prepare an assessment of cultural effects for the Dry Creek Replacement Cleanfill. This is located on private land adjacent to Belmont Regional Park, off State Highway 58. -
Christian Missions in the South Island in the 1840S
University of Canterbury Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.A. (and Honours) in Historye by Margaret E. ~ajor 1964. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN THE SOUTH ISLAND IN THE 1840's. - ii - TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iv Note on Abbreviations, etc. CHAPTER I: The South Island Maoris Before 1840. 1 .. Pre-European s: tribal history; distribution of the Maori population; the classic Maori. 1 2. ers, Traders Vrhalers: the development of race relations; changes Maori society. 11 The Influence of Early Maori-European Intercourse: decline of the Maori population ~nder the impact of war and ease; the condition of the Maoris 1840. 21 CHAPTER II: A Comparison Between Missionary Work in Otago anc1 the Marlborough Nelson Area in the "1840's. "1. Otago 1840-43: establishment of the first mission station; difficulties of the Rev. J. ·watkin 1 s work; significance of books. 2. The Marlborough-Nelson Area 1840-43: preparation for the missionaries by Maori preachers; variety of Maori settlement; reasons for the success of Ironside; tragedies of 1843. ~5 3. The Otago Marlborough-Nelson Missions after "1843: the work of the Rev. C. Cre at Waik:ouaiti; the Rev. C.L. Reay at Nelson; contrasting attitudes of Wesleyan and Anglican ssionaries to their work. 57 - iii - CHAPTER III: Itinerants and Bishops. '1 • Itinerant Maori Preachers: pre paration for the European mission aries; sectarianism as a temporary source of strength to Christianity. 65 2 .• Bishop Pompallier and Bishop Selwyn: the hardening of sec divisions under scopal influence. 74 CHAPTER IV: Ruapuke-Southla..nd and the Chathams. -
New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 1 – 1840S
Reference Guide New Zealand Wars Sources at the Hocken Collections Part 1 – 1840s Sir William Fox. The Wairau Plain (1845). Watercolour on 2 sheets of paper, each: 361 x 722mm; joined to form: 220 x 722mm. Accession no.: 12,900. Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a researcher lounge off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers’ Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research This guide gives examples of the types of material relating to the New Zealand Wars during the 1840s held at the Hocken. All items must be used within the library. As the collection is large and constantly growing not every item is listed here, but you can search for other material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search|Ketu. -
Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents ______
Initialled version of the Deed of Settlement between Ngati Toa Rangatira and the Crown for Ratification Purposes NGATI TOA RANGATIRA and TOA RANGATIRA TRUST and THE CROWN __________________________________________________________________ DEED OF SETTLEMENT SCHEDULE: DOCUMENTS __________________________________________________________________ Initialling date: 30 August 2012 Initialled version of the Deed of Settlement between Ngati Toa Rangatira and the Crown for Ratification Purposes NGATI TOA RANGATIRA DEED OF SETTLEMENT DOCUMENTS SCHEDULE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. NGA PAIHAU ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 NGA PAIHAU CREATED OVER KAPITI ISLAND .................................................................. 3 1.2 NGA PAIHAU CREATED OVER THE BROTHERS ............................................................. 14 1.3 NGA PAIHAU CREATED OVER WAIRAU LAGOONS (PART OF THE WAIRAU LAGOONS WETLAND MANAGEMENT RESERVE) ........................................................... 19 2. STATEMENTS OF ASSOCIATION...................................................................................... 23 2.1 STATEMENTS OF ASSOCIATION...................................................................................... 25 2.2 STATEMENT OF COASTAL VALUES ................................................................................. 39 3. DEEDS OF RECOGNITION ................................................................................................ 47 -
'The Control of Both Races'
'The control of both races' The policing of the Wellington settlement, 1840-18 53 RICHARD HILL In January 1843 two scandals rocked the Wel lington settlement. Chief Police Magistrate Michael Murphy was forced to resign his posi tion as Wellington's head of police. He had been accused, among other things, of cheating at cards in the exclusive Wakefield Club, which he al most certainly had not. At about the very same time his counterpart at the overflow settlement of Wanganui, Gilbert Dawson, was drummed out of his job too, on the basis of similarly dubi ous accusations that he had made homosexual advances to constables just before his own wed ding. Neither men were angels, but other offi cials survived worse accusations I Examining the real causes of these two scan those who govern. They aim at ubiquitous surveillance dals, which wrecked the careers of important state offi over the population; the knowledge they gain is a prereq cials, will provide some clues as to the dynamics of a uisite for efficient and successful 'order and good govern power struggle for the control of the new colony in its ance'. Dependency and early Crown Colony periods. The very The strategic type of coercion they apply to the citizenry significant role played by policing as a prerogative of the along the continuum from condign through benign to state will be highlighted. Three rival centres of power hegemonic control, depends mostly upon the type of soci the Crown, the New Zealand Company and Maori- vied ety or section of society to be policed.