Contenido Volumen 41 N° 2 / 2020
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Bioclimatic and Phytosociological Diagnosis of the Species of the Nothofagus Genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America
International Journal of Geobotanical Research, Vol. nº 1, December 2011, pp. 1-20 Bioclimatic and phytosociological diagnosis of the species of the Nothofagus genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America Javier AMIGO(1) & Manuel A. RODRÍGUEZ-GUITIÁN(2) (1) Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). E-15782 Santiago de Com- postela (Galicia, España). Phone: 34-881 814977. E-mail: [email protected] (2) Departamento de Producción Vexetal. Escola Politécnica Superior de Lugo-USC. 27002-Lugo (Galicia, España). E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Nothofagus genus comprises 10 species recorded in the South American subcontinent. All are important tree species in the ex- tratropical, Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests of Chile and Argentina. This paper presents a summary of data on the phyto- coenotical behaviour of these species and relates the plant communities to the measurable or inferable thermoclimatic and ombrocli- matic conditions which affect them. Our aim is to update the phytosociological knowledge of the South American temperate forests and to assess their suitability as climatic bioindicators by analysing the behaviour of those species belonging to their most represen- tative genus. Keywords: Argentina, boreal forests, Chile, mediterranean forests, temperate forests. Introduction tually give rise to a temperate territory with rainfall rates as high as those of regions with a Tropical pluvial bio- The South American subcontinent is usually associa- climate; iii. finally, towards the apex of the American ted with a tropical environment because this is in fact the Southern Cone, this temperate territory progressively dominant bioclimatic profile from Panamá to the north of gives way to a strip of land with a Boreal bioclimate. -
Organización De Las Naciones Unidas Para La Agricultura Alimentación
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO MADEREROS EN CHILE Preparado por: Jorge Campos Roasio Corporación de Investigación Tecnológica, INTEC - CHILE Santiago, Chile Con la colaboración de: Elizabeth Barrera, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Daniel Barros Ramírez, Proplant Limitada Magalis Bittner, Universidad de Concepción Ignacio Cerda, Instituto Forestal María Paulina Fernández, Universidad Católica Rodolfo Gajardo, Universidad de Chile Sara Gnecco Donoso, Universidad de Concepción Adriana Hoffman, Defensores del Bosque Nativo Verónica Loewe, Instituto Forestal Mélica Muñoz Schick, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural DlRECCION DE PRODUCTOS FORESTALES, FAO, ROMA OFICINA REGIONAL DE LA FAO PARA AMERICA LATINA y EL CARIBE Santiago, Chile 1998 Para mayor información dirigirse a: Sr. Torsten Frisk Oficial Principal Forestal Oficina Regional de la FAO para América Latina y el Caribe Casilla 10095 Santiago, Chile Teléfono: (56-2) 3372213 Fax: (56-2) 3372101/2/3 Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Foto portada: Clasificación de varillas de mimbre, Salix viminalis, para su uso en talleres artesanales de Chimbarongo, en la VI Región de Chile. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican, de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de" sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. PROLOGO Así como los productos agrícolas y los productos forestales tienen áreas bien delimitadas y atendidas por diferentes instancias y organizaciones nacionales e internacionales, hay un área "de nadie", que ha ido apareciendo a la luz, revelando su vital importancia. -
Project Report
THE APPLICATION OF PHYTOLITH AND STARCH GRAIN ANALYSIS TO UNDERSTANDING FORMATIVE PERIOD SUBSISTENCE, RITUAL, AND TRADE ON THE TARACO PENINSULA, HIGHLAND BOLIVIA ___________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri, Columbia ___________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ___________________________________________________________________ By AMANDA LEE LOGAN Supervisor: Dr. Deborah M. Pearsall AUGUST 2006 Dedicated to the memory of my grandmother Joanne Marie Higgins 1940-2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a great number of people who have helped in this process in passing or in long, detailed conversations, and everything in between. First and foremost, many thanks to my advisor, Debby Pearsall, for creative and inspired guidance, and for taking the time to talk over everything from the smallest detail to the biggest challenges. Debby introduced me to the world of phytoliths, and then to the wonders of starch grains, and encouraged me to find and pursue the issues that drive me. My committee has been very helpful and patient, and made my oral exams and defense far more enjoyable then expected—Dr. Christine Hastorf, Dr. Bob Benfer, and Dr. Randy Miles. Dr. Benfer was crucial in helping me sort through the statistical applications. I also benefited tremendously from conversations with and advice from my cohorts in the MU Paleoethnobotany lab, or as we are better known, the “Pearsall Youth”— Neil Duncan, Shawn Collins, Meghann O’Brien, Tom Hart, and Nicole Little. Dr. Karol Chandler-Ezell gave me great advice on calcium oxalate and chemical processing. Dr. Todd VanPool graciously provided much needed advice on the statistical applications. -
Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus Radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact Of
Article Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact of Plantation Age, Logging Roads and Alien Species Steffi Heinrichs 1,*, Aníbal Pauchard 2,3 and Peter Schall 1 1 Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] 2 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; [email protected] 3 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago 8320000, Chile * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-551-395-974 Received: 18 July 2018; Accepted: 12 September 2018; Published: 14 September 2018 Abstract: Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. -
Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Profesional De Biología
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA CAMBIOS MULTITEMPORALES EN ASOCIACIONES VEGETALES (VEGETACIÓN NATURAL Y ANTRÓPICA) EN LA ÉPOCA DE AVENIDA DEL DISTRITO DE CABANA-SAN ROMÁN-PUNO EN EL PERÍODO 2000-2016. TESIS PRESENTADA POR: Bach. IRENE YASMINA TAIPE HUAMAN PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: LICENCIADO EN BIOLOGÍA PUNO – PERÚ 2018 DEDICATORIA A Dios, por ser el inspirador y darme fuerza para continuar en este proceso de obtener uno de los anhelos más deseados. A mis queridos padres Felipe e Irene por su amor, trabajo y sacrificio en todos estos años, gracias a ustedes he logrado llegar hasta aquí y convertirme en lo que soy. A mis hermanos (as) por estar siempre presentes, acompañarme y por el apoyo moral, que me brindaron a lo largo de esta etapa de mi vida. Con inmenso amor a mi esposo Rod Henrry y a mi princesa Melanie Sofía siendo mi mejor motivación en mi vida encaminada al éxito, eres el ingrediente perfecto para poder alcanzar esta merecida victoria en la vida. A todas las personas que me han apoyado y han hecho que el trabajo se realice con éxito en especial a aquellos que me abrieron las puertas y compartieron sus conocimientos. AGRADECIMIENTO Un inmenso agradecimiento a la primera casa de estudios universitarios, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno y en especial a la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, por ser el pilar de mi formación profesional, a los docentes y personal administrativo que impartieron sus conocimientos y contribuyeron con sus experiencias en mi formación profesional. Muy agradecida con mi Director, Blgo. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings. -
Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1). -
The Systematic Revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and The
A systematic revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the reinstatement of Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) Alison Margaret Robertson Davies München 2010 A systematic revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the reinstatement of Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Alison Margaret Robertson Davies München, den 03. November 2009 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Jürke Grau Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 28. April 2010 For Ric, Tim, Isabel & Nicolas Of all the floures in the meade, Thanne love I most those floures white and rede, Such as men callen daysyes. CHAUCER, ‘Legend of Good Women’, Prol. 43 (c. 1385) “…a traveller should be a botanist, for in all views plants form the chief embellishment.” DARWIN, ‘Darwin’s Journal of a Voyage round the World’, p. 599 (1896) Acknowledgements The successful completion of this work is due in great part to numerous people who have contributed both directly and indirectly. Thank you. Especial thanks goes to my husband Dr. Ric Davies who has provided unwavering support and encouragement throughout. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor, Jürke Grau, who made this research possible. Thank you for your support and guidance, and for your compassionate understanding of wider issues. The research for this study was funded by part-time employment on digital archiving projects coordinated via the Botanische Staatssammlung Munchen (INFOCOMP, 2000 – 2003; API- Projekt, 2005). Appreciative thanks go to the many friends and colleagues from both the Botanische Staatssammlung and the Botanical Institute who have provided scientific and social support over the years. -
Pollen Morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and Its Phylogenetic Significance
Acta Palaeobotanica 56(2): 223–245, 2016 DOI: 10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance DAMIÁN ANDRÉS FERNÁNDEZ1,*, PATRICIO EMMANUEL SANTAMARINA1,*, MARÍA CRISTINA TELLERÍA2,*, LUIS PALAZZESI 1,* and VIVIANA DORA BARREDA1,* 1 Sección Paleopalinología, MACN “B. Rivadavia”, Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR) C.A.B.A.; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE), Museo de La Plata, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s/n° (B1900FWA) La Plata; e-mail: [email protected] * Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 31 August 2016, accepted for publication 10 November 2016 ABSTRACT. Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). -
Building Knowledge for a Forage Breeding Program on Native Festuca Species in the Highlands of Bolivia
Building knowledge for a forage breeding program on native Festuca species in the highlands of Bolivia KARINA ROSSIO USTARIZ OLIVERA Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science Department of Plant Breeding Alnarp Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2019 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae Doctoral Thesis No. 2019:76 Cover: 1) Festuca orthophylla, 2) Seeds of F. orthophylla, 3) Panicle of Festuca sp., 4) Festuca dolichophylla, 5-7) chilliwar grasslands in Potosí, La Paz, and Oruro, Bolivia. (Photos: Karina Ustariz, Katia Ramirez) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-470-9 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-471-6 © 2019 Karina Ustariz/Alnarp Print: SLU Service/Repro/Alnarp 2019 Building knowledge for a forage breeding program on native Festuca species in the highlands of Bolivia Abstract Native grasses constitute the most important source of feed for camelids, sheep and cattle in the highlands of Bolivia, where the genus Festuca is one of the major feed components. The two most important species of this region are F. dolichophylla J. Presl (known as “chilliwa”) and F. orthophylla Pilg (known as “iru ichu”). This research aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the Festuca genus from the highlands of Bolivia, to evaluate the genetic diversity using EST-SSR markers and to assess the nutritional value for its use in breeding and conservation. The phylogenetic analysis, which was based on sequences derived from nuclear (ITS, CEN, Acc1) and chloroplast DNA (matK) regions, revealed that the Bolivian Festuca species derived from a common ancestor of the fine-leaved lineage of the Festuca sub-genus. -
Facultad De Ingeniería
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental “ESTUDIO DE LAS ESPECIES VEGETALES BIOACUMULADORAS DE ARSENICO, CADMIO Y PLOMO EMERGENTES EN AREAS MINERAS ALTOANDINAS DEL PERÚ” Tesis para optar el título profesional de: INGENIERA AMBIENTAL Autoras: Nadeli Cercado Ayala Fiorela Ramos Goicochea Asesor: Mg. Betzabe Sulma Churampi Casas Cajamarca - Perú 2021 “ESTUDIO DE LAS ESPECIES VEGETALES BIOACUMULADORAS DE ARSENICO, CADMIO Y PLOMO EMERGENTES EN AREAS MINERAS ALTOANDINAS DEL PERÚ” DEDICATORIA A Dios y la Virgen por darme valor y fuerzas de seguir adelante. A mi familia, por sus consejos y apoyo incondicional, especialmente a mis padres Marleny y Gustavo por su amor, sacrificio, ser mi motor y motivo durante mi trayectoria universitaria, para cumplir mis sueños y metas. Nadeli Cercado Ayala A Dios por brindarme la fortaleza de cumplir una meta más. A mis padres y hermanos por su incondicional apoyo, pero sobre todo a mi madre por su incansable sacrificio y amor infinito durante toda mi vida, para lograr cada una de mis metas. Fiorela Ramos Goicochea Ramos Goicochea, Fiorela. Pág. 2 Cercado Ayala, Nadeli. “ESTUDIO DE LAS ESPECIES VEGETALES BIOACUMULADORAS DE ARSENICO, CADMIO Y PLOMO EMERGENTES EN AREAS MINERAS ALTOANDINAS DEL PERÚ” AGRADECIMIENTO Agradecemos a Dios por darnos fortaleza. A nuestros padres y hermanos por su apoyo constante y su ayuda en todo momento. Al Mg. Blgo. Marco Alfredo Sánchez Peña por su constante acompañamiento y su conocimiento brindado para la elaboración de este trabajo. A nuestra Asesora Mg. Betzabe Sulma Churampi Casas, por la ayuda necesaria para el desarrollo de nuestro trabajo de investigación, por darnos su valioso tiempo para seguir con la elaboración del mismo. -
Phylogenetic Relationships and Time-Calibration of the South American Fossil and Extant Species of Southern Beeches (Nothofagus)
Phylogenetic relationships and time-calibration of the South American fossil and extant species of southern beeches (Nothofagus) BÁRBARA VENTO and FEDERICO A. AGRAÍN Vento, B. and Agraín, F.A. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships and time-calibration of the South American fossil and extant species of southern beeches (Nothofagus). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (4): 815–825. The genus Nothofagus is considered as one of the most interesting plant genera, not only for the living species but also due to the fossil evidence distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Early publications postulated a close rela- tionship between fossil and living species of Nothofagus. However, the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships are not yet fully explored. This work assesses the placement of fossil representatives of genus Nothofagus, using different search strategies (Equal Weight and Implied Weight), and it analyses relationships with the extant species from South America (Argentina and Chile). The relationships of fossil taxa with the monophyletic subgenera Brassospora, Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Nothofagus and the monophyly of the clades corresponding to the four subgenera are tested. A time- calibrated tree is generated in an approach aiming at estimating the divergence times of all the major lineages. The results support the inclusion of most fossil taxa from South America into the subgenera of Nothofagus. The strict consensus tree shows the following species as closely related: Nothofagus elongata + N. alpina; N. variabilis + N. pumilio; N. suberruginea + N. alessandri; N. serrulata + N. dombeyi, and N. crenulata + N. betuloides. The species N. simplicidens shares a common ancestor with N. pumilio, N. crenulata, and N. betuloides. This contribution is one of the first attempts to integrate fossil and extant Nothofagus species from South America into a phylogenetic analysis and an approach for a time-calibrated tree.