Notes for Genera Update – Ascomycota: 6616-6821 Article
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Castanedospora, a New Genus to Accommodate Sporidesmium
Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2018, 39 (1): 109-127 © 2018 Adac. Tous droits réservés South Florida microfungi: Castanedospora,anew genus to accommodate Sporidesmium pachyanthicola (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) Gregorio DELGADO a,b*, Andrew N. MILLER c & Meike PIEPENBRING b aEMLab P&K Houston, 10900 BrittmoorePark Drive Suite G, Houston, TX 77041, USA bDepartment of Mycology,Institute of Ecology,Evolution and Diversity, Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany cIllinois Natural History Survey,University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Abstract – The taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of Sporidesmium pachyanthicola in Capnodiales(Dothideomycetes) are revisited based on aspecimen collected on the petiole of adead leaf of Sabal palmetto in south Florida, U.S.A. New evidence inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data together with abroad taxon sampling at family level suggest that the fungus is amember of Extremaceaeand therefore its previous placement within the broadly defined Teratosphaeriaceae was not supported. Anew genus Castanedospora is introduced to accommodate this species on the basis of its distinct morphology and phylogenetic position distant from Sporidesmiaceae sensu stricto in Sordariomycetes. The holotype material from Cuba was found to be exhausted and the Florida specimen, which agrees well with the original description, is selected as epitype. The fungus produced considerably long cylindrical to narrowly obclavate conidia -
Phylogeny of the Cetrarioid Core (Parmeliaceae) Based on Five
The Lichenologist 41(5): 489–511 (2009) © 2009 British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282909990090 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogeny of the cetrarioid core (Parmeliaceae) based on five genetic markers Arne THELL, Filip HÖGNABBA, John A. ELIX, Tassilo FEUERER, Ingvar KÄRNEFELT, Leena MYLLYS, Tiina RANDLANE, Andres SAAG, Soili STENROOS, Teuvo AHTI and Mark R. D. SEAWARD Abstract: Fourteen genera belong to a monophyletic core of cetrarioid lichens, Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Usnocetraria and Vulpicida. A total of 71 samples representing 65 species (of 90 worldwide) and all type species of the genera are included in phylogentic analyses based on a complete ITS matrix and incomplete sets of group I intron, -tubulin, GAPDH and mtSSU sequences. Eleven of the species included in the study are analysed phylogenetically for the first time, and of the 178 sequences, 67 are newly constructed. Two phylogenetic trees, one based solely on the complete ITS-matrix and a second based on total information, are similar, but not entirely identical. About half of the species are gathered in a strongly supported clade composed of the genera Allocetraria, Cetraria s. str., Cetrariella and Vulpicida. Arctocetraria, Cetreliopsis, Kaernefeltia and Tuckermanella are monophyletic genera, whereas Cetraria, Flavocetraria and Tuckermannopsis are polyphyletic. The taxonomy in current use is compared with the phylogenetic results, and future, probable or potential adjustments to the phylogeny are discussed. The single non-DNA character with a strong correlation to phylogeny based on DNA-sequences is conidial shape. The secondary chemistry of the poorly known species Cetraria annae is analyzed for the first time; the cortex contains usnic acid and atranorin, whereas isonephrosterinic, nephrosterinic, lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids occur in the medulla. -
Leaf-Associated Shifts in Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Response to Chicken Rearing Under Moso Bamboo Forests in Subtropical China
Article Leaf-Associated Shifts in Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Response to Chicken Rearing Under Moso Bamboo Forests in Subtropical China Xiaoping Zhang 1, Zheke Zhong 1,*, Xu Gai 1, Jiafu Ying 2, Weifen Li 2, Xuhua Du 1, Fangyuan Bian 1 and Chuanbao Yang 1 1 China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China; [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (X.D.); [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (C.Y.) 2 College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); wfl[email protected] (W.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0571-88860734 Received: 25 January 2019; Accepted: 25 February 2019; Published: 1 March 2019 Abstract: Integrated bamboo-chicken farming (BCF) systems are a traditional agroforestry pattern with large economic benefits in subtropical China. However, little is known regarding the effect of this integration on the bamboo leaf-associated microbiome, which can be very important for disease control and nutrient turnover. In the present study, we compared the leaf-associated bacterial and fungal communities of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) in a BCF system and an adjacent moso bamboo forest (MBF). The results showed that Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota were the predominant microbial phyla associated with bamboo leaves. Chicken farming under the bamboo forest significantly increased the bacterial and fungal alpha diversity (observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Simpson’s index) associated with bamboo leaves. Principal components analysis (PCoA) further confirmed the shifts in the bacterial and fungal communities caused by chicken farming. -
Chorioactidaceae: a New Family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with Four Genera
mycological research 112 (2008) 513–527 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera Donald H. PFISTER*, Caroline SLATER, Karen HANSENy Harvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the Received 15 June 2007 recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in Received in revised form the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. Based on parsimony, like- 1 November 2007 lihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae repre- Accepted 29 November 2007 sents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously Corresponding Editor: referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation Keywords: in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the LSU paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera RPB2 all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. Sarcoscyphaceae ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarcosomataceae SSU Introduction indicated a relationship of these taxa to the Sarcosomataceae and discussed the group as the Chorioactis clade. Only six spe- The Pezizales, operculate cup-fungi, have been put on rela- cies are assigned to these genera, most of which are infre- tively stable phylogenetic footing as summarized by Hansen quently collected. -
Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
Diversity and Distribution of Lichen-Associated Fungi in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) As Revealed by 454 Pyrosequencing
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diversity and distribution of lichen- associated fungi in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) as Received: 31 March 2015 Accepted: 20 August 2015 revealed by 454 pyrosequencing Published: 14 October 2015 Tao Zhang1, Xin-Li Wei2, Yu-Qin Zhang1, Hong-Yu Liu1 & Li-Yan Yu1 This study assessed the diversity and distribution of fungal communities associated with seven lichen species in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) using Roche 454 pyrosequencing with fungal-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal rRNA gene. Lichen-associated fungal communities showed high diversity, with a total of 42,259 reads belonging to 370 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being found. Of these OTUs, 294 belonged to Ascomycota, 54 to Basidiomycota, 2 to Zygomycota, and 20 to unknown fungi. Leotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were the major classes, whereas the dominant orders were Helotiales, Capnodiales, and Chaetothyriales. Interestingly, most fungal OTUs were closely related to fungi from various habitats (e.g., soil, rock, plant tissues) in the Arctic, Antarctic and alpine regions, which suggests that living in association with lichen thalli may be a transient stage of life cycle for these fungi and that long-distance dispersal may be important to the fungi in the Arctic. In addition, host-related factors shaped the lichen-associated fungal communities in this region. Taken together, these results suggest that lichens thalli act as reservoirs of diverse fungi from various niches, which may improve our understanding of fungal evolution and ecology in the Arctic. The Arctic is one of the most pristine regions of the planet, and its environment exhibits extreme condi- tions (e.g., low temperature, strong winds, permafrost, and long periods of darkness and light) and offers unique opportunities to explore extremophiles. -
A New Species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China
The Lichenologist 47(1): 31–34 (2015) 6 British Lichen Society, 2015 doi:10.1017/S0024282914000528 A new species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China Rui-Fang WANG, Xin-Li WEI and Jiang-Chun WEI Abstract: Allocetraria yunnanensis R. F. Wang, X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei is described as a new species from the Yunnan Province of China, and is characterized by having a shiny upper surface, strongly wrinkled lower surface, and marginal pseudocyphellae present on the lower side in the form of a white continuous line or spot. The phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequences suggests that the new species is related to A. sinensis X. Q. Gao. Key words: Allocetraria yunnanensis, lichen, taxonomy Accepted for publication 26 June 2014 Introduction genus, as all ten species have been reported there (Kurokawa & Lai 1991; Thell et al. The lichenized genus Allocetraria Kurok. & 1995; Randlane et al. 2001; Wang et al. M. J. Lai was described in 1991, with a new 2014). During our taxonomic study of Allo- species A. isidiigera Kurok. & M. J. Lai, and cetraria, a new species was found. two new combinations: A. ambigua (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai and A. stracheyi (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai (Kurokawa & Lai 1991). The main distribution area of Allocetraria Materials and Methods species was reported to be in the Himalayas, A dissecting microscope (ZEISS Stemi SV11) and com- including China, India, and Nepal. pound microscope (ZEISS Axioskop 2 plus) were used Allocetraria is characterized by dichoto- to study the morphology and anatomy of the specimens. Colour test reagents [10% aqueous KOH, saturated mously or subdichotomously branched lobes aqueous Ca(OCl)2, and concentrated alcoholic p- and a foliose to suberect or erect thallus with phenylenediamine] and thin-layer chromatography sparse rhizines, angular to sublinear pseudo- (TLC, solvent system C) were used for the detection cyphellae, palisade plectenchymatous upper of lichen substances (Culberson & Kristinsson 1970; Culberson 1972). -
Monitoring Air Quality in Class I Wilderness Areas of the Northeastern United States Using Lichens and Bryophytes Alison C
United States Department of Agriculture Monitoring Air Quality in Class I Wilderness Areas of the Northeastern United States Using Lichens and Bryophytes Alison C. Dibble, James W. Hinds, Ralph Perron, Natalie Cleavitt, Richard L. Poirot, and Linda H. Pardo Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report NRS-165 December 2016 1 Abstract To address a need for air quality and lichen monitoring information for the Northeast, we compared bulk chemistry data from 2011-2013 to baseline surveys from 1988 and 1993 in three Class I Wilderness areas of New Hampshire and Vermont. Plots were within the White Mountain National Forest (Presidential Range—Dry River Wilderness and Great Gulf Wilderness, New Hampshire) and the Green Mountain National Forest (Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont). We sampled epiphyte communities and found 58 macrolichen species and 55 bryophyte species. We also analyzed bulk samples for total N, total S, and 27 additional elements. We detected a decrease in Pb at the level of the National Forest and in a subset of plots. Low lichen richness and poor thallus condition at Lye Brook corresponded to higher N and S levels at these sites. Lichen thallus condition was best where lichen species richness was also high. Highest Hg content, from a limited subset, was on the east slope of Mt. Washington near the head of Great Gulf. Most dominant lichens in good condition were associated with conifer boles or acidic substrates. The status regarding N and S tolerance for many lichens in the northeastern United States is not clear, so the influence of N pollution on community data cannot be fully assessed. -
Kumanasamuha Geaster Sp. Nov., an Anamorph of Chorioactis Geaster from Japan
Mycologia, 101(6), 2009, pp. 871–877. DOI: 10.3852/08-121 # 2009 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Kumanasamuha geaster sp. nov., an anamorph of Chorioactis geaster from Japan H. Nagao1,2 sequences and morphology. The combination of the Genebank, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, three datasets produced similar or stronger support Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan for this lineage. A new family, Chorioactidaceae, was S. Kurogi erected in the Pezizales (Pfister et al 2008) to Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History, accommodate Chorioactis and three other genera, Miyazaki 880-0053, Japan Desmazierella, Neournula and Wolfina. Chorioactis geaster has been found in evergreen E. Kiyota broadleaf forests in Kyusyu, Japan (Imazeki 1938, Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka Imazeki and Otani 1975, Kurogi et al 2002). However 882-8508, Japan these forests are now disappearing due to deforesta- K. Sasatomi tion and replanting with Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Kyusyu Environmental Evaluation Association, and construction of a dam. Chorioactis geaster has Fukuoka 813-0004, Japan been listed as a threatened fungus in the Red Data Book of Japan (2000) because of its global rarity. The occurrence of C. geaster was infrequent (Imazeki Abstract: A new species of Kumanasamuha is de- 1938, Imazeki and Otani 1975) and asexual sporula- scribed and illustrated from axenic single-spore tion of C. geaster was not observed (Imazeki and Otani isolates of Chorioactis geaster. The characteristics of 1975). We have made some observations on the life conidia and hyphae are the same as the dematiaceous cycle of C. geaster and are trying to find ways to hyphomycete observed on decayed trunks of Quercus conserve this endangered fungus (Kurogi et al 2002). -
Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kaleigh Spickerman for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 11, 2015 Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bruce McCune Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon. -
Cladosporium Lebrasiae, a New Fungal Species Isolated from Milk Bread Rolls in France
fungal biology 120 (2016) 1017e1029 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Cladosporium lebrasiae, a new fungal species isolated from milk bread rolls in France Josiane RAZAFINARIVOa, Jean-Luc JANYa, Pedro W. CROUSb, Rachelle LOOTENa, Vincent GAYDOUc, Georges BARBIERa, Jerome^ MOUNIERa, Valerie VASSEURa,* aUniversite de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversite et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopole^ Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzane, France bCBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands cMeDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Sante, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, FRE CNRS 3481 MEDyC, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France article info abstract Article history: The fungal genus Cladosporium (Cladosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes) is composed of a large Received 12 February 2016 number of species, which can roughly be divided into three main species complexes: Cla- Received in revised form dosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The 29 March 2016 aim of this study was to characterize strains isolated from contaminated milk bread rolls Accepted 15 April 2016 by phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Using multilocus data from the internal transcribed Available online 23 April 2016 spacer ribosomal DNA (rDNA), partial translation elongation factor 1-a, actin, and beta- Corresponding Editor: tubulin gene sequences along with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Matthew Charles Fisher morphological observations, three isolates were identified as a new species in the C. sphaer- ospermum species complex. This novel species, described here as Cladosporium lebrasiae,is Keywords: phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from other species in this complex. Cladosporium sphaerospermum ª 2016 British Mycological Society. -
Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon Invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of Its Secondary Metabolites
microorganisms Article Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of its Secondary Metabolites Kevin Becker 1,2 , Christopher Lambert 1,2,3 , Jörg Wieschhaus 1 and Marc Stadler 1,2,* 1 Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; [email protected] (K.B.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (J.W.) 2 German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 3 Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-531-6181-4240; Fax: +49-531-6181-9499 Received: 23 July 2020; Accepted: 8 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: The ascomycete Hypoxylon invadens was described in 2014 as a fungicolous species growing on a member of its own genus, H. fragiforme, which is considered a rare lifestyle in the Hypoxylaceae. This renders H. invadens an interesting target in our efforts to find new bioactive secondary metabolites from members of the Xylariales. So far, only volatile organic compounds have been reported from H. invadens, but no investigation of non-volatile compounds had been conducted. Furthermore, a phylogenetic assignment following recent trends in fungal taxonomy via a multiple sequence alignment seemed practical. A culture of H. invadens was thus subjected to submerged cultivation to investigate the produced secondary metabolites, followed by isolation via preparative chromatography and subsequent structure elucidation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS).