DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT PROFORMA: Empirical 1
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Cardiff School of Sport DISSERTATION ASSESSMENT PROFORMA: Empirical 1 Student name: Student ID: Abby Hicks St10001652 Programme: Sport Development Dissertation title: What are the barriers faced by sports operating in the niche market such as squash and how do different areas of the community control these Supervisor: Greg Dainty Comments Section Title and Abstract Title to include: A concise indication of the research question/problem. Abstract to include: A concise summary of the empirical study undertaken. Introduction and literature review To include: outline of context (theoretical/conceptual/applied) for the question; analysis of findings of previous related research including gaps in the literature and relevant contributions; logical flow to, and clear presentation of the research problem/ question; an indication of any research expectations, (i.e., hypotheses if applicable). Methods and Research Design 1 This form should be used for both quantitative and qualitative dissertations. The descriptors associated with both quantitative and qualitative dissertations should be referred to by both students and markers. To include: details of the research design and justification for the methods applied; participant details; comprehensive replicable protocol. Results and Analysis 2 To include: description and justification of data treatment/ data analysis procedures; appropriate presentation of analysed data within text and in tables or figures; description of critical findings. Discussion and Conclusions 2 To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings. Presentation To include: academic writing style; depth, scope and accuracy of referencing in the text and final reference list; clarity in organisation, formatting and visual presentation CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd CARDIFF SCHOOL OF SPORT DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) SPORTS DEVELOPMENT What are the barriers faced by sports operating in the niche market such as squash and how do different areas of the community control these? MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT ABBY HICKS ST10001652 Abby Hicks ST10001652 Cardiff School of Sport Cardiff Metropolitan University What are the barriers faced by sports operating in the niche market such as squash and how do different areas of the community control these? Cardiff Metropolitan University Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd Certificate of student By submitting this document, I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort, that all quotations from books and journals have been acknowledged, and that the word count given below is a true and accurate record of the words contained (omitting contents pages, acknowledgements, indices, tables, figures, plates, reference list and appendices). Word count: 11,983 Date: 20/03/2013 Certificate of Dissertation Supervisor responsible I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own effort. I have received a dissertation verification file from this student Name: Date: Notes: The University owns the right to reprint all or part of this document. Table of Contents CHAPTER TITLE Acknowledgements i Abstract ii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 6 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 What is sport development and its purpose 6 2.2 The impact government has on sport 6-7 2.3 The Olympics having an impact on sport development 7-9 2.4 Barriers and gateway to participation for sport 9-12 2.5 Comparison of niche sports 12-14 CHAPTER 3 15 METHODOLOGY 3.1 General design 16 3.2 Research Approach 16-17 3.3 Participants 17 3.4 Instruments 18 3.5 Reliability and Validity 18-19 3.6 Procedure 19-20 3.7 Data analysis 20 CHAPTER 4 21 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 The main aim of organisations 26-27 4.2 The Olympics having an impact on participation 27-29 4.3 Cost of participation 29-31 4.4 Accessiblity of squash 31- 32 4.5 The infrastructure 32-33 4.6 Other barriers 33-35 4.7 Wales Squash and Racketball initiatives to increase 35-36 participation 4.8 Local authority initiatives to increase participation 36-37 4.9 Newport Squash Club initiatives to increase participation 38-39 CHAPTER 5 40 CONCLUSION 5.1 Concluding Remarks 41-42 5.2 Strengths 42 5.3 Limitations 42 5.4 Recommendations 42-43 CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES Appendices Appendix A Interview Guide Appendix B Email sent to participant for consent Appendix C Consent form Appendix D Information form Appendix E Table of results from interviews Appendix F Transcripts List of Tables Table 1. Table of results (common themes) 22-25 List of Figures Figure 1. Home page of the Newport Squash Rackets club website 38 Acknowledgements Massive thank you to Greg Dainty for all his expert advice during this process, his constant level of support has been hugely appreciated. Also thank you to all the participants involved in this investigation, their willingness to relay their opinions, thoughts and feelings was also greatly appreciated. i Abstract According to (Jackson, Marrow, Hill and Dishman, 2004) physical activity brings about the positive lifelong effects on health by reducing the possibility of physical diseases, decreasing blood pressure and cholesterol, also aiding social, psychological and mental health. With this being commonly known it brings about the question of why people don’t want to participate when it allows for a better health and overall life. Although there is much research focusing on the role of sport development and how it operates and even some of the barriers that exist to hinder people from exercise it is unclear on whether or not these barriers are the same for niche sports that lack attention from media, receive little or limited funding and aren’t a part of the Olympic movement such as squash. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to firstly highlight the barriers of participation in squash and then identify how the national governing body for squash, Wales squash and racketball (WSRB) could reduce these barriers. To allow for a clear and reliable investigation four participants with a clear understanding of either sport development or squash were selected to participate in semi structured interviews, the questions being created to identify barriers and policies implemented to gain members. These participants belong to different areas of the community with Newport Squash Rackets club (NSRC) becoming the case study for this investigation. ii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.0 Introduction Sport development is a term used to describe processes, policies and practices that form an integral feature of the work involved in providing sporting opportunities (Hylton et al, 2001) Although some regard sport development as being reliant on sport development officers, others believe sport development is a lot wider involving many more aspects (Hylton et al ,2001). This more wide- ranging view considers that PE staff, teachers, coaches, facility managers, community outreach workers, youth workers, health specialists, policy makers and many others are all engaged in sport development work. This argument suggests that all of these professions work towards increasing the profile of sport, and encouraging all ages of community and all groups to participate in sport or recreational activities. In order to do this effectively professionals in these roles, identify and attempt to understand and surmount the barriers that prohibit people from participating in sporting activity. Participation in sport or recreational activity is seen as a useful tool for meeting government objectives such as lowering social exclusion, increasing the health of the population, reducing crime and improving education (Coalter, 2007; Hylton and Bramham, 2008). Being physically active may lead to a better quality of life due to being healthier. The world health organisation (1948) defined health as complete state of social, mental and physical wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Increased physical activity may lead to increased health. Not only can being physically active help an individual it can also help regenerate and improve communities. Being physically active allows communities to engage with each other through the help of sporting activities. Through improved health implications of being physical active work productivity can increase benefitting all areas of the community. Hoye et al (2010) argued that Sport is viewed as one of many sectors with the capacity to contribute to solving the problem of physical inactivity. The benefits of participating in sport, regardless of the activity and level of expertise are huge, the physical benefits include the reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes by up to 50%, the reduced risk of 2 suffering from cardio vascular diseases. A massive psychological benefit is that physical activity can decrease depression dementia (department of health, 2009). Government policy has recognised the benefits physical activity and sport have on promoting healthier