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Noteworthy Bat Records from the Pacific Tropical Rainforest Region and Adjacent Dry Forest in Northwestern Peru

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Noteworthy Bat Records from the Pacific Tropical Rainforest Region and Adjacent Dry Forest in Northwestern Peru Acta Chiropterologica, 9(2): 409–422, 2007 PL ISSN 1508-1109 © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS Noteworthy bat records from the Pacific Tropical rainforest region and adjacent dry forest in northwestern Peru VÍCTOR PACHECO1, 2, RICHARD CADENILLAS1, SANDRA VELAZCO1, EDITH SALAS1, and URSULA FAJARDO1 1Departamento de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima-14, Peru 2Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] The bat fauna of the Pacific Tropical rainforest region in Peru is poorly known. Here we report noteworthy range extensions of 12 bat species, including: Diaemus youngi, Chrotopterus auritus, Micronycteris minuta, Mimon crenulatum, Vampyrum spectrum, Chiroderma salvini, Enchisthenes hartii, Noctilio leporinus, Thyroptera discifera, Eptesicus chiriquinus, Rhogeessa io, and Myotis riparius. These document the first confirmed records for the department of Tumbes. All, except E. hartii and N. leporinus, are also first records for the western slope of Peru. The record of R. io is the first for Peru, while that of C. auritus is the first for the Pacific versant of the Andes. In total, 41 bat species are present in the Pacific Tropical rainforests and surrounding dry forests, at the new Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, in Tumbes. This region requires urgent conservation programs, because the Pacific Tropical rainforest is threatened by human settlement, and resource exploitation in spite of its protected status. Key words: Chiroptera, Pacific Tropical rainforests, diversity, Peru, Tumbes, dry forests, Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape INTRODUCTION mantled howler monkeys are characteristic (Cabrera and Willink, 1980; Brack E., 1986; The extreme northwestern region of Zamora Jimeno, 1996). Peru, Tumbes Department, is unique be- The Pacific Tropical rainforests ecologi- cause it harbors a typical lowland Ama- cal region, although very small, about zonian fauna and flora but on the western 15,000 ha, represent the southernmost ex- side of the Andes, much different from the tension of the Pacific Province (Cabrera and dry forests and desert areas further south on Willink, 1980; Brack E., 1986) or the Col- that side of the Andes (Koopman, 1978; ombian-Pacific Fauna of Chapman (1917, Brack E., 1986). This region was classified 1926) which extend in South America as the Pacific Tropical rainforests ecological northward along the Ecuadorean and Col- region by Brack E. (1986), where trees such ombian Pacific versant. Some other classifi- as cetico Cecropia, palmeras Aiphanes, cations include the Pacific Tropical rain- matapalo Ficus; and mammals such as pec- forests within the Dry Forests (Zamora caries, ocelots, jaguars, river otters, red Jimeno, 1996) or the Equatorial Dry Forests brocket deers, white-fronted capuchins and ecological regions (Rodríguez, 1996; Ponte, 410 V. Pacheco, R. Cadenillas, S. Velazco, E. Salas, and U. Fajardo 1998). The definitions of these ecological MATERIALS AND METHODS systems are based on climatic, ecological, soil, fauna and flora characteristics (Zamora Selected measurements, taken from the skin label and skull specimens, are recorded in millimeters Jimeno, 1996) but lack the biogeographic (body mass in grams) and include the following: body relevance expressed by the definitions of mass (W), head and body length (HBL), tail length Cabrera and Willink (1980) or Brack E. (TL), hind foot length (HL), ear length (EL), forearm (1986). length (FL), greatest skull length (GSL), condylo- Previous bat diversity assessments for basal length (CBL), condylocanine length (CCL), palatal length (PL), maxillary toothrow length the region of Tumbes are scarce. Thomas (MTRL), zygomatic width (ZW), braincase width and Thomas (1977) reported: Phyllosto- (BW), lacrimal width (LW), postorbital breadth mus discolor, Artibeus fraterculus, Desmo- (POB), palatal width at second molar (PWM2), pala- dus rotundus, Molossus molossus, and tal width at canines (PWC), and braincase height Lonchophylla hesperia from owl-pellet (BH) following Pacheco and Patterson (1992) and Pa- checo and Hocking (2006). Voucher specimens are remains or bat captures. Koopman (1978) deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Univer- added nine more bat species: Saccopteryx sidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru). bilineata, Noctilio leporinus, Micronycteris megalotis, Phyllostomus hastatus, Glos- Study Area sophaga soricina, Carollia perspicillata, Uroderma bilobatum, Vampyrops helleri We have surveyed five localities placed in the Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, Departamento (actually Platyrrhinus matapalensis — see Tumbes (Fig. 1), completing 705 mistnet-nights. Velazco, 2005), and Amorphochilus schna- Usually five nights were surveyed per locality, from blii. Later, Graham and Barkley (1984) 0600 pm to midnight. Mistnets were placed at ground added Choeroniscus minor and Artibeus level, occasionally a few mistnets were set up at 20 m jamaicensis. More recently, Rodríguez high. In this region the rainy season extends from November to April, while the dry season is from May (1998) added Sturnira lilium (samples rei- to October. dentified as S. luisi), Vampyressa pusilla (1) Provincia Zarumilla, Distrito Matapalo, (currently V. thyone — see Porter and Quebrada Campo Verde, 03°50’44’’S, 80°11’11”W, Baker, 2004), Myotis albescens, and La- 570 m a.s.l. This place is located along a relatively siurus ega. wide stream near to Campo Verde control post; and was surveyed in May 2005, May 2006, and The Peruvian bat fauna is one of the September 2006. It is a predominantly evergreen for- most diverse in the World. Hice et al. (2004) est which canopy reaches up to 30 m height. The most estimated 158 species for Peru, but with characteristic plant species are: Triplaris cumingiana, Carollia manu described by Pacheco et al. Cavanillesia platanifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia, and (2004), Platyrrhinus albericoi, P. ismaeli, Ficus jacobii. The understory consists of dense bush- es that reach up to 6 m high. This locality belongs to P. masu, and P. matapalensis by Velazco the Pacific Tropical rainforests ecosystem. (2005), Carollia benkeithi by Solari and (2) Provincia Zarumilla, Distrito Matapalo, Que- Baker (2006), Lonchophylla pattoni by brada Los Naranjos, 03°50’15’’S, 80°11’44.99’’W, Woodman and Timm (2006), and numerous 550 m a.s.l. Samples here were taken along a narrow updated distributions by Simmons (2005) stream between Faical and Campo Verde control posts in October 2004, May 2005, May 2006, and Sep- and elsewhere, the total number of de- tember 2006. It is an undisturbed evergreen forest scribed bat species is now 161 (V. Pacheco, whose canopy reaches up to 20–25 m height. Plant unpublished data). Here, we report a num- composition is similar to Quebrada Campo Verde, ber of noteworthy bat distributional records with the additionally conspicuous presence of Aipha- nes palms. This place belongs to Pacific Tropical rain- obtained on several expeditions to the forests ecosystem. Pacific Tropical rainforests region of Tum- (3) Provincia Tumbes, Distrito Pampas de Hos- bes, Peru, from 2004 to 2006. pital, Quebrada Faical, 03°49’19’’S, 80°15’30’’W, Noteworthy bat records from northwestern Peru 411 80° 4° 4° 80° FIG. 1. Bat collecting localities from Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, Departamento Tumbes, Peru: 1 — Quebrada Campo Verde, 2 — Quebrada los Naranjos, 3 — Quebrada Faical, 4 — Carrizalillo, 5 — Quebrada Angostura 350 m a.s.l. This locality is near Faical biological sta- Mutingia calabura, Tessaria integrifolia, and Mimosa tion, and includes Faical and Las Pavas streams. It pellita. was sampled in June 2004, May 2005, May 2006, and (4) Provincia Zarumilla, Distrito Matapalo, Car- September 2006. The vegetation type is transitional rizalillo, 03°43’56.71’’S, 80°11’10.42’’W, 125 m between the Equatorial Dry forest and the Pacific a.s.l. This locality is situated in the left bank of the Tropical rainforests. The canopy may reach 20 m with Río Zarumilla and was sampled in May 2006. The the presence of lianas; whereas a dense understory veg-etation is transitional between the Equatorial Dry vegetation of bushes and lianas may reach up to 6 m. forest and the Pacific Tropical rainforests. Plant The most representative tree species are: Triplaris composition is similar to the locality of Quebrada cumingiana, Cavanillesia platanifolia, Ficus jaco- Faical except that is more disturbed by the presence of bii, Bougainvillea peruviana, Ceiba trichistandra, cattle. 412 V. Pacheco, R. Cadenillas, S. Velazco, E. Salas, and U. Fajardo (5) Provincia Tumbes, Distrito Pampas de Hospi- than 940 km south from Loboguerrero, tal, Angostura, 03°45’23’’S, 80°23’15’’W, 74 m a.s.l. Colombia. This sampling locality is near the Angostura control post along a dry stream, and was evaluated in May 2005, May 2006, and September 2006. The vegeta- General Comments tion type is a dry forest composed of trees of Prosopis Our specimen agrees with the character- pallida and Acacia macracantha in the lower areas; istics provided by Koopman (1988 — see and trees of Bursera graveolens, Ceiba trichistandra, Table 1), except that the postorbital region Cordia lutea, and Loxopterygium huasango in the hillsides. This site is moderately disturbed by banana is better defined, and the second upper mo- and lemon crops. lar is lacking. RESULTS Chrotopterus auritus (Peters, 1856) We documented notable range exten- New Specimens sions of twelve species from western Peru, One male (MUSM 19178): Quebrada in the Pacific Tropical
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