DOCSLIB.ORG

Analog and Digital Cellular Radio Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analog and Digital Cellular Radio Systems ANALOG AND DIGITAL CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEMS BY DR MAHAMOD ISMAIL 22-23 APRIL 1996 (KUCHING) âMBI96 COURSE CONTENTS ü Introduction ü Cellular Overview ü Analog Cellular Radio ü Digital Cellular Radio âMBI96 INTRODUCTION What is RadioTelephone? · A radiotelephone can be defined as a telephone without wires, the connection to the local exchange being through the medium of radio · A radiotelephone differs from fixed telephone networks in many ways: A radiotelephone requires a portable source of power, i.e. source of power The local exchange has been replaced by a (local) base station (BS) Both the radiotelephone now called the mobile station (MS) BS need a radio antenna which must be suitable for the radio frequencies allocated within the radio spectrum Two radio channels in general must be allocated to each mobile phone for a forward and a return path radio (duplex operation) · âMBI96 A radiotelephone or mobile radio services can be classified as: Cellular telephone Cordless telephone Personal Communication Private mobile radio (PMR)/Short Range radio (SSR)/Trunked Radiopaging Radio and citizen band radio · Frquency band allocated to private and public mobile radio âMBI96 What is Cellular Mobile Radio The term cellular is derived from the fact that the system is configured with a group of radio transceivers serving a particular cell (honeycomb shape) where people can use the service Why Cellular Mobile Radio System? · Limited service capability · Poor service performance · Inefficient frequency spectrum utilization âMBI96 · Cellular Radio Features · At any instant, all subscribers (mobile) operate in a single numbered radio cell · The radio properties of cell are those of propagation coverage and multipath effects · The cell is one of a very large number laid out on a specific plan arrangement, made up of clusters of cells · The frequencies assigned to each cell in a cluster are repeatedly used in other clusters · The mobiles therefore operates expecting both co-channel and adjacent channel interference · The mobile must register with a fixed telecommunications network which controls the operation of all the cells · The network can assist the mobile to be handed over from one cell to another as it moves geographically · To manage roaming, the mobile must be constantly signalling to and from the fixed network · The message channels are duplex and can be voice or data · The cellular network can be interconnected to the public telephone network · The mobile telephone must be frequency agile and carry batteries and given an identity number Differences between Cellular Radio Systems · The radio frequency band(s) allocated to the specific service · The mode-of-operation can be all-digital or analog plus digital · All-digital system allow time division access as the method of having many subscribers within one cell · Mixed systems use frequency division access methods for sorting out subscribers · There are variations of the basic parameters of the FDMA and TDMA systems · Different handover strategies and details of the fixed network architecture âMBI96 Personal Communications · Personal telecommunication would offer all communication services anytime and everywhere by the use of single-identity and pocketable communication terminals · The term personal places the emphasis on the individual user who will be spending his time at home, at work and on the move · The term Personal Communication System (PCS) and Personal Communication Network (PCN) are synonymous and often used interchangeably · The term PCN as preferred by European refers to a concept where a person can use a single communicator anywhere in the world · PCS as preferred by Americans refers to a service that may not embody all of the PCN concept, but is more personalised than present cellular radio · Key requirements determining the design criteria of PCN/PCS: economic, wide area, contiguous coverage mobility at speed within the services areas high spectral efficiency and capacity quality and reliability small lightweight handheld and low power handsets low cost or charge advanced services function Third Generation Systems · Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System (FPLMTS) Aim to unify the diverse systems today into a radio infrastructure capable of offering a wide range of services in many different operating environments âMBI96 A small, lightweight and convenient pocket communicator that can provides terminal mobility Operating environment covers very small office indoor cells with high capacity all the way through large outdoor terrestrial cells to satellite coverage. Users have a variety of speed from stationary to high speed train at 300 km/h Wide range of information such as speech, audio, data, text, image and video · Universal Mobile telecommunication Systems (UMTS) · Future Personal Telecommunications (FPTC) · Satellite Personal Communication Systems (SPCN) Traffic Requirements · Residential use at 0.05 E per terminal: 150 E/km2 (Suburban) 200 E/km2 (Urban) · Business use at 0.2 E per terminal: 3000 E/km2 (Low Building Density) 30,000 E/km2 (Medium Building Density) 120,000 E/km2 (High Building Density, 20 Floors) · Telepoints use at 0.1 E per terminal: 900 E/km2 (e.g. Railway terminal) 1,800 E/km2 (e.g. Medium size airport terminal) 5,500 E/km2 (e.g. Large airport terminal) âMBI96 Evolution Towards Personal Communication 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation (Extended)/ Total Digital AMPS (D- Access Communication AMPS/IS-54) System Qualcomm CDMA (IS-95) (ETACS/TACS) Groupe Speciale Mobile Nordic Mobile (GSM) Telephone at 450 and Digital Cellular (CD-900) Cellular 900 (NMT 450 and Japanese Digital Cellular NMT900) (JDC) Advanced Mobile Phone American Digital Cellular Universal Mobile System (AMPS) (ADC) Telecommunication Germany & Portugal Digital Cellular System at System (UMTS) Cellular (C450) 1800 MHz (DCS1800) Future Public Land France Radiocom 2000 Mobile (RC2000) Telecommunication Italy Cellular (RMTS) System (FPLMTS) German Analogue International Mobile Network (C-NET) Telecommunication Japanese TACS for year 2000 around (J-TACS) frequency band 2000 MHz (IMT-2000) 1st Generation Cordless Digital European Cordless Satellite PCN Cordless Telephone (CT-1) Telephone (DECT) (SPCN) 2nd Generation Cordless LEO: Iridium, Telephone (CT-2/ Globalstar Telepoint) MEO: Odyssey, MAGSS-1Y Private Mobile Trans-European Trunked Radio (PMR) RAdio (TETRA) Wireless LAN ALTAIR Paging European Radio MEssaging System (ERMES) Mobile Satellite Terrestrial Flight Telephone System (TFTS) Land : EUTELTRACS, PRODAT âMBI96 Cellular/Personal Communications in Malaysia NAME OF LICENSEE SCOPE OF SERVICES Telekom Malaysia Berhad Analogue Cellular Service ATUR 450 using NMT 450 MHz System Cellular Communication Network Analogue Cellular Service ART 900 (M) Sdn. Bhd. using ETACS 900 MHz System Mobikom Sdn. Bhd. Analogue/Digital Cellular Service Mobifon 800 using AMPS 800 MHz System Binariang Sdn. Bhd. Digital Cellular Service using GSM 900 MHz System Electronic & Telematique (M) Sdn. Digital Cellular/PCS/PCN 1500 using Bhd. (Sub. of Sapura Holdings) Japanese PDC1500 MHz System MRCB Telecommunications Sdn. PCS using DCS 1800 MHz System Bhd. Mutiara Telecommunications Sdn. PCS using DCS 1800 MHz System Bhd. âMBI96 SUBSCRIBERS GROWTH · In Malaysia · In Japan (February 1996) CELLULAR PHS TOTAL 9,360,000 1,017,000 10,377,000 âMBI96 CELLULAR PHONES DATE SUBSCRIBERS DATE SUBSCRIBERS MARCH 1989 242,888 MAY 1995 4,922,130 MARCH 1990 489,558 JUNE 1995 5,346,706 MARCH 1991 868,078 JULY 1995 5,820,242 MARCH 1992 1,378,108 AUG. 1995 6,231,017 MARCH 1993 1,712,545 SEPT. 1995 6,669,905 MARCH 1994 2,131,367 OCT. 1995 7,071,342 MARCH 1995 4,331,369 NOV. 1995 7,474,590 APRIL 1995 4,646,588 DEC. 1995 8,051,892 JAN. 1996 8,670,146 PERSONAL HANDY PHONE SYSTEM (PHS) DATE SUBSCRIBER JUL.1995 81,203 AUG.1995 112,787 SEP.1995 132,507 OCT.1995 363,746 NOV.1995 481,837 DEC.1995 615,032 JAN.1996 713,064 âMBI96 Research In Cellular/Personal Communications · The Commission of the European Community (RACE) air interface issues e.g. Code Division Testbed (CODIT) and Advanced TDMA (ATDMA) network problems e.g. Mobile Network (MONET) and Advanced Planning Methods and Tools for Third Generation Mobile Radio Network (PLATON) services e.g. Mobile Audio-Visual Terminal (MAVT) and Mobile Broadband Services (MBS) Technology in Smart Antennas for Universal Advanced Mobile Infrastructure (TSUNAMI) · European CO-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical research (COST) Fundamental research e.g. COST 231 (Evolution of Land Mobile Radio (Including Personal) Communication) · United Kingdom LINK Personal Communication Programme Collaborative research among universities and industry · International Telecommunication Union (ITU) e.g. ITU-M consists of Task Group âMBI96 CELLULAR OVERVIEW Cellular Concept · Area to be provided with radio coverage by a radio base station (RBS) is divided cells represented by a regular hexagon · There are two types of cell: omni-directional and sectorized (uni-directional) cell. · In an omni-directional cell, the RBS is equipped with an antenna system that transmits and receives equally well in all directions. A theoretical circular shape of coverage will be achieved with this antenna · Circular shapes have overlapped areas which make the drawing unclear while the hexagonal-shaped cells fit the planned area nicely · In sectorized cell, the RBS is equipped with an antenna system that transmits and receives strong signal strength in the direction where it is pointed. The RBS also can
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to 5G Communications
    Introduction to 5G Communications 5G 01 intro YJS 1 Logistics According to faculty policy regarding postgrad courses this course will be held in English ! We will start at precisely 18:10 There will be no homework assignments The course web-site is www.dspcsp.com/tau All presentation slides will be available on the course web site 5G is still developing, so • the lecture plan might suddenly change • some things I say today might not be true tomorrow 5G 01 intro YJS 2 Importance of mobile communications Mobile communications is consistently ranked as one of mankind’s breakthrough technologies Annual worldwide mobile service provider revenue exceeds 1 trillion USD and mobile services generate about 5% of global GDP 5 billion people (2/3 of the world) own at least 1 mobile phone (> 8B devices) with over ½ of these smartphones and over ½ of all Internet usage from smartphones 5G 01 intro YJS 3 Generations of cellular technologies 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G standards AMPS IS-136, GSM UMTS LTE 3GPP 15, 16 Groupe Spécial Mobile 3GPP R4 - R7 R8-R9, R10-R14 era 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s services analog voice digital voice WB voice voice, video everything messages packet data Internet, apps devices data rate 0 100 kbps 10 Mbps 100+ Mbps 10 Gbps (GPRS) (HSPA) (LTE/LTE-A) (NR) delay 500 ms 100 ms 10s ms 5 ms 5G 01 intro YJS 4 Example - the 5G refrigerator 5G 01 intro YJS 5 5G is coming really fast! Source: Ericsson Mobility Report, Nov 2019 5G 01 intro YJS 6 5G is already here! >7000 deployments >100 operators WorldTimeZone Dec 12, 2019 5G 01 intro YJS 7
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Radiocommunication Tester CMD80 Precise High-Speed Measurements on CDMA, TDMA and Analog Mobiles
    cmd80_de.fm Seite -1 Freitag, 28. Mai 1999 10:49 10 Digital Radiocommunication Tester CMD80 Precise high-speed measurements on CDMA, TDMA and analog mobiles For use in • production • quality assurance • service • development cmd80_de.fm Seite 0 Freitag, 28. Mai 1999 10:49 10 CMD80 – the multitalent ((Beschnittkante)) Additional capability continues to be CMD80 with option B84 provides added to the proven CMD80 plat- unsurpassed test coverage for the form. In addition to CDMA, AMPS IS-136 standard, offering many capa- (N-AMPS) and TACS (J/N/E-TACS), bilities that are not available on some digital AMPS (IS-136) measurements dedicated IS-136 test sets. Among on mobile stations are now posible these are half-rate channel support, with option B84. CMD80 is thus able peak and statistical adjacent-channel ne) to support all multiple access methods power measurements, carrier switch- (vor presently used in mobile communica- ing time measurements, etc. This 1 tions (FDMA, CDMA, TDMA) on a broad IS-136 test coverage will seite p single hardware platform. enhance the CMD80´s use in manu- p facturing tests as well as in engineer- uskla ing applications. A All standards at a glance Frequency band Type designation Airlink standard US Cellular (800 MHz) CMDA IS-95 TDMA IS-136 AMPS/N-AMPS TIA-553, IS-91 Japan Cellular CDMA T53, IS-95 N-TACS/J-TACS China Cellular CDMA IS-95 E-TACS/TACS US PCS (1900 MHz) CDMA J-STD008, UB-IS-95 TDMA IS-136 Korea PCS (1800 MHz) CDMA J-STD008, UB-IS-95 Korea2 PCS CDMA J-STD008, UB-IS-95 cmd80_de.fm Seite 1 Freitag, 28.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Steps from 1G to 4.5G
    ISSN (Online) : 2278-1021 ISSN (Print) : 2319-5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2014 Evolutionary steps from 1G to 4.5G Tondare S M1, Panchal S D2, Kushnure D T3 Assistant Professor, Electronics and Telecom Dept., Sandipani Technical Campus Faculty of Engg, Latur(MS), India 1,2 Assistant Professor, Electronics and Telecom Department, VPCOE, Baramati(MS), India 3 Abstract: The journey from analog based first generation service (1G) to today’s truly broadband-ready LTE advanced networks (now accepted as 4.5G), the wireless industry is on a path that promises some great innovation in our future. Technology from manufacturers is advancing at a stunning rate and the wireless networking is tying our gadgets together with the services we demand. Manufacturers are advancing technologies at a stunning rate and also evolution in wireless technology all impossible things possible as market requirement. Keywords: Mobile Wireless Communication Networks, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G,4.5G I. INTRODUCTION With rapid development of information and was replaced by Digital Access techniques such as TDMA communication technologies (ICT), particularly the (Time division multiple access), CDMA (code division wireless communication technology it is becoming very multiple access) having enhanced Spectrum efficiency, necessary to analyse the performance of different better data services and special feature as Roaming was generations of wireless technologies. In just the past 10 introduced. years, we have seen a great evolution of wireless services which we use every day. With the exponential evolution, B.Technology there has been equally exponential growth in use of the 2G cellular systems includes GSM, digital AMPS, code services, taking advantage of the recently available division multiple access(CDMA),personal digital bandwidth around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Cellular Wireless Communication: Past Present and the Future Past
    Iqra University IU Cellular Wireless Communication: Past, Present and the Future Presentedbd by: SSye d Isma ilShhil Shah E-mail: [email protected] ismail@@g3gca.or g 1 Iqra University IU Outline 1) Introduction to Mobile Communication and First Generation Systems 2) Digital Communication and the 2G Systems 3) The 2.5G systems 4) Third Generation Systems 5) Wireless Local Loop 6) OhOther Wire less S ystems 7) IMT-Advanced (4G) 8) Wirel ess O perat ors i n P aki st an 9) Some Recommendations 2 Iqra University IU Why Mobile Communication? Question: Why do we need a new technology when we hhdldblilhkhave such a developed public telephone network. Answer: Mobility. Confinement Versus Freedom 3 Iqra University IU Challenges of Mobility Challenges of using a radio channel: ¾ The use of radio channels necessitates methods of sharing them – channel access. (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA) ¾ The wireless channel – poses a more challenging problem than with wires. ¾Bandwidth: it is possible to add wires but not bandwidth. So it is important to develop technologies that provide for spectrum reuse. ¾Privacy and security - a more difficult issue than with wired phone. ¾Others: low energy (battery), hand off, roaming, etc. 4 Iqra University IU First Generation Systems ¾ Cellular concept emerges in early 1970s. ¾ Cellular technology allows freqqyuency-reuse. With this we need to have Handoff (handover) ¾ In 1G we had analog voice but Control Link was digital 5 Iqra University IU Examples of First Generation Cellular Systems (FDMA based) 1) Advanced Mobile Phone
    [Show full text]
  • Cell Phones Can Operate in Either an AMPS Or a DAMPS Format
    9 Wireless Telephone Service Introduction Wireless cellular mobile telephone service is a high-capacity system for providing direct-dial telephone service to automobiles, and other forms of portable telephones, by using two-way radio transmission. Cellular mobile telephone service was first made available in the top markets in the United States in 1984, and in a very short time has achieved considerable growth and success. During its first four years in the United States, from 1984 to 1988, it experienced a compound annual growth of more than 100 percent. By 1990, its subscribers in the United States numbered 5.3 million; by 1996, its subscribers numbered over 44 mil- lion. Cellular mobile telephone service is also a great success in Europe and Scandinavia, where growth rates rival, and in some cases surpass, those in the United States. Cellular telephone service was initially targeted at the automobile market, but small portable units have extended the market to nearly 215 216 Introduction to Telephones and Telephone Systems everyone on the move with a need to telecommunicate and now includes small personal units that can be carried in a pocket. One wonders whether a wrist radio telephone is only a matter of a few more years. The cellular principle has been suggested on a very low power basis to create community systems that could bypass the copper wires of the local loop—so-called wireless local loop (WLL). The basic principles of wireless cellular telecommunication are described in this chapter along with a discussion of the various technologi- cal aspects of a wireless system that must be specified.
    [Show full text]
  • (GSM, IS-136 NA-TDMA and PDC) Based on Radio Aspect
    (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 6, 2013 A Comparative Study of Three TDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Systems (GSM, IS-136 NA-TDMA and PDC) Based On Radio Aspect Laishram Prabhakar Manipur Institute of Management Studies Manipur University Canchipur, Manipur, India Abstract—As mobile and personal communication services perform anywhere, using a computing device, in the public, and networks involve providing seamless global roaming and corporate and personal information spaces. While on the move, improve quality of service to its users, the role of such network the preferred device could be a mobile device, and back home for numbering and identification and quality of service will or in the office, a desktop computer could be preferred. become increasingly important, and well defined. All these will Nevertheless computing should be through wired and wireless enhance performance for the present as well as future mobile and media -- be it for the mobile workforce, holidaymakers, personal communication network, provide national management enterprises or rural population. The access to information and function in mobile communication network and provide national virtual objects through mobile computing are absolutely and international roaming. Moreover, these require standardized necessary for optimal use of resource and increased subscriber and identities. To meet these demands, mobile productivity. Thus, mobile computing is used in different computing would use standard networks. Thus, in this study the researcher attempts to highlight a comparative picture of the contexts such as virtual home environment and nomadic three standard digital cellular mobile communication systems: (i) computing. Global System for Mobile (GSM) -- The European Time Division II.
    [Show full text]
  • Decision No. 423
    ISSN NO. 0114-2720 J 4485 Decision No. 423 Determination pursuant to the Commerce Act 1986 in the matter of an application for clearance of a business acquisition involving: TELECOM NEW ZEALAND LIMITED and 2 GHZ SPECTRUM The Commission: M J Belgrave (Chair) M N Berry P J M Taylor Summary of Application: The acquisition by Telecom New Zealand Limited of Radio Frequency Spectrum management rights and licences in the 2 GHz band auctioned by the New Zealand Government. Determination: Pursuant to section 66(3)(a) of the Commerce Act 1986, the Commission determines to give clearance for the proposed acquisition. Date of Determination: 15 March 2001 THIS REPORT CONTAINS NO CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL CONTENTS THE PROPOSED ACQUISITION................................................................................................................1 THE PROCEDURES.....................................................................................................................................1 THE PARTIES...............................................................................................................................................2 TELECOM NEW ZEALAND LIMITED (“TELECOM”)..........................................................................................2 2 GHZ AUCTION...........................................................................................................................................2 INDUSTRY BACKGROUND........................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals
    Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Scholar Theses and Dissertations Student Graduate Works 9-2006 A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals Marcus L. Roberts Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd Part of the Systems and Communications Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Marcus L., "A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals" (2006). Theses and Dissertations. 3336. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/3336 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Graduate Works at AFIT Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AFIT Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals DISSERTATION Marcus L. Roberts, Major, USAF AFIT/DS/ENG/06-06 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. The views expressed in this dissertation are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. AFIT/DS/ENG/06-06 A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Marcus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Radio Evolution
    Advances in Networks 2015; 3(3-1): 1-6 Published online September 16, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/net) doi: 10.11648/j.net.s.2015030301.11 ISSN: 2326-9766 (Print); ISSN: 2326-9782 (Online) Mobile Radio Evolution M. Prasad, R. Manoharan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India Email address: [email protected] (M. Prasad), [email protected] (D. R. Manoharan) To cite this article: M. Prasad, Dr. R. Manoharan. Mobile Radio Evolution. Advances in Networks . Special Issue: Secure Networks and Communications. Vol. 3, No. 3-1, 2015, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.net.s.2015030301.11 Abstract: All over the world, wireless communication services have enjoyed dramatic growth over the past 25 years. Mobile communication is the booming field in the telecommunications industry. The cellular network is the most successful mobile communication system, used to transmit both voice and data. This paper provides a depth view about the technologies in mobile communication from the evolution of the mobile system. First from the evolution, second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G) to fifth generation (5G) in terms of performance requirements and characteristic. Keywords: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, AMPS, GPRS, UMTS, HSDPA mobile radio became standard all over the country. Federal 1. Introduction Communications Commission (FCC) allocates 40 MHz of The Detroit Police Department radio bureau began spectrum in range between 30 and 500 MHz for private experimentation in 1921 with a band near 2 MHz for vehicular individuals, companies, and public agencies for mobile mobile service. On April 7, 1928 the Department started services.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Wans: from 1G to 4G Module W.Wan.2
    W.wan.2-2 Wireless WAN: 1G Æ 4G 1G Wireless WANs: From 1G to 4G AMPS 2G Module W.wan.2 GSM Case Study: GSM & cdmaOne (W.wan.3) 2.5G 3G Dr.M.Y.Wu@CSE Dr.W.Shu@ECE Case Study: UMTS/W-CDMA (W.wan.4) Shanghai Jiaotong University University of New Mexico Shanghai, China Albuquerque, NM, USA 4G End of module W.wan.2 © by Dr.Wu@SJTU & Dr.Shu@UNM 1 W.wan.2-3 W.wan.2-4 Cellular network, 1G Cellular network, 1G Analog-based Analog-based, USA: European: NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) USA: AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service), AT&T 1980s Initial setup operations ¾ two 25-MHz bands allocated to AMPS ¾ MT power on, scan for the most powerful control channel, broadcast ¾ Frequency reuse N=7, R = 2-20 km, K = 30KHz its NAM; BS hears MT’s NAM, registers with MSC (Mobile ¾ Each band split into two service providers A & B to encourage competition Switching Center) ¾ MT updates its location every 15 minutes 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz Making a call A: 12.5 MHz, B: 12.5 MHz A: 12.5 MHz B: 12.5 MHz ¾ # to be called via access channel: MTÆBSÆMSC uplink, uplink downlink downlink ¾ MSC schedule/assign up/down links’ channels 12.5 M / 30 K = 416 channels Answering a call ¾ 395 voice channels, FM/FDD ¾ MT is alerted to incoming call via a paging channel ¾ 21 control data channels, FSK, 10 kbps Power saving An AMPS cell phone includes a NAM (Numeric Assignment Module) ¾ Periodically sleep for 46.3 ms, then scan for paging channel = telephone number + 32-bit serial number from manufacture Designed for GoS (Grade of service)
    [Show full text]
  • Gsm to Imt-2000 - a Comparative Analysis
    3G MOBILE LICENSING POLICY: FROM GSM TO IMT-2000 - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS GSM Case Study This case has been prepared by Audrey Selian <[email protected]>, ITU. 3G Mobile Licensing Policy: GSM Case Study is part of a series of Telecommunication Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives program of the Office of the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable guidance and direction of Tim Kelly and Fabio Leite of the ITU in the development of this study. The 3G case studies program is managed by Lara Srivastava <[email protected]> and under the direction of Ben Petrazzini <[email protected]>. Country case studies on 3G, including Sweden, Japan, China & Hong Kong SAR, Chile, Venezuela, and Ghana can be found at <http://www.itu.int/3g>. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership or the GSM Association. 2 GSM Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 The Generations of Mobile Networks................................................................................................ 7 2 A Look Back at GSM .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 GSM Technology............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coverage Planning and Resource Allocation in Broadband Cellular Access
    Linkoping¨ Studies in Science and Technology. Theses No. 1454 Coverage Planning and Resource Allocation in Broadband Cellular Access - Optimization Models and Algorithms Lei Chen Department of Science and Technology Linkoping¨ University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping,¨ Sweden Norrkoping¨ 2010 Coverage Planning and Resource Allocation in Broadband Cellular Access - Op- timization Models and Algorithms c Lei Chen, 2010 [email protected] Thesis number: LIU-TEK-LIC-2010:25 ISBN 978-91-7393-279-0 ISSN 0280-7971 Link¨oping University Department of Science and Technology SE-601 74 Norrk¨oping Tel: +46 11 36 34 96 Fax: +46 1136 32 70 Printed by LiU-Tryck, Link¨oping, Sweden, 2010 Abstract The last two decades have witnessed a booming in the use of cellular com- munication technologies. Billions of people are now enjoying the benefits of mobile communications. This thesis deals with planning and optimization of broadband cellular access network design and operation. The problem types considered include coverage planning, power optimization, and channel as- signment. Mathematical modeling and optimization methods have been used to approach the problems. Coverage planning is a classical problem in cellular network deployment. A minimum-power covering problem with overlap constraints between cell pairs is considered. The objective is to minimize the total power consumption for coverage, while maintaining a necessary level of overlap to facilitate handover. For this coverage planning problem, the thesis develops two integer program- ming models and compares the models’ strength in approaching global opti- mality. In addition, a tabu search algorithm has been developed for solving the problem in large-scale networks.
    [Show full text]