Acción Cultural Española www.accioncultural.es Acción Cultural Española’s fourth edition of the (Charles III and the dissemination of antiquity): AC/E Digital Culture Annual Report follows an a six-minute immersion in the archaeological editorial policy of familiarising professionals of excavations of the ancient cities of Herculaneum the culture sector with the main digital trends and Pompeii produced by the Spanish company they need to be aware of over the coming years. Future Lighthouse. It was on show for three Since 2015, a committee has been advising us on months at the Madrid, Naples and Mexico the choice of subjects and authors for the first venues, where it was a great success with part of the report. This year, a group of experts visitors, and is now available free of charge from analyse issues such as content curation as a the virtual games platform Steam. means of tackling digital overload, neuroscience applied to technology, the latest advances in To present the results of the Annual Report, we artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and rely on the collaboration and support of the Big Data applied to culture, and the use of digital Espacio Fundación Telefonica, which assists us technology in music. enormously with its dissemination. Throughout the year, we will also present it at various inter- Each year’s edition also includes a field study: national centres and forums for digital culture. the Focus, which reports on cases of good prac- Last year these activities took us to the summit tice in digital technology in a specific discipline. of the International Federation of Arts Councils The first edition examined the impact of digital and Culture Agencies in Malta, the European in the world of the performing arts; the second Commission Working Group on the Promotion focused on museums; and the third on the use of of Access to Culture via Digital Means, the digital devices at fifty Spanish and international MUSAC Encuentro sobre Redes en Museos culture festivals. This fourth edition surveys y Centros de Arte in León and the Meteoriti in depth the use of digital technology in the Breaking Culture forum in Siena. conservation, analysis and dissemination of our cultural heritage. This sector is rapidly growing, Our Annual Report is the result of an in-house leading to a radical change in methodologies and reflection begun four years ago on how to formats which the author, David Ruiz Torres, incorporate the digital dimension into AC/E’s analyses exhaustively. goals and work in support of the culture sector. We want it to reflect the impact advances in Since the publication of the first edition of the technology are having on our society, in order Annual Report only a few years ago, we have to explore the changes in the culture sector and seen how breakthroughs in the digital sector help its organisations and professionals create have now become everyday realities that are experiences that live up to the expectations of present in AC/E’s own exhibition activities, twenty-first-century users. where we have turned to digital technologies to produce educational resources. Together with Elvira Marco Smart culture. Analysis of digital trends culture. Smart the Real Academia de Bellas Artes, we have Director general taken part in a virtual reality experience for the Acción Cultural Española (AC exhibition Carlos III y la difusión de la antigüedad AC/E DIGITAL CULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 2017 3 CONTENTS CONTENT CURATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. CURATION FOR DIGITAL HERITAGE Robin Good @RobinGood 6 THE MUSIC MARKET GOES DIGITAL. IT’S NOT DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION BUT CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION Roberto Carreras 24 STORYTELLING AND CULTURAL DIFFUSION Eva Snijders 42 BIG DATA IN THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES. NEW CONVERSATIONS IN THE GLOBAL ACADEMIC CONTEXT Antonio Rojas Castro 62 THE INTERNET OF THINGS: THE DEFINITIVE REVOLUTION IN ART, LEISURE AND CULTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY Pedro Diezma 72 WHERE ART MEETS NEUROSCIENCE Ximo Lizana 88 GAME DESIGN AS A CULTURAL DISSEMINATOR Clara Fernández Vara 106 Smart culture. Analysis of digital trends culture. Smart 4 CONTENTS THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSERVATION, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE David Ruiz Torres 120 INTRODUCTION 121 1. DOCUMENTATION, DIAGNOSIS AND CONSERVATION 123 1.1 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS) 124 1.2 BIM (BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING) 126 1.3 METADATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 127 1.4 DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY/3D LASER SCANNING 129 1.5 RTI (REFLECTANCE TRANSFORMATION IMAGING) 133 1.6 ROBOTICS AND DRONES/UAVS 134 1.7 3D DIGITAL MODELS 136 1.8 AUGMENTED REALITY APPS 138 1.9 PROJECTION MAPPING 139 1.10 3D PRINTING 139 2. DISSEMINATION, ENHANCEMENT AND EDUCATION 142 2.1 HERITAGE IN THE DIGITAL MEDIUM 143 2.2 THE DIGITAL MEDIUM IN HERITAGE SITES 155 2.3 APP UNIVERSE: MOBILE HERITAGE FOR DISSEMINATION AND ENHANCEMENT 162 2.4. WEARABLES: VR AND AR SMARTGLASSES 170 2.5 MATERIALISING DIGITAL HERITAGE 173 3. RESEARCH 178 3.1 DATA ACQUISITION AND 3D DIGITISATION 179 3.2 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 182 3.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND 3D ENVIRONMENTS 188 3.4 AUDIENCE CASE STUDIES 191 CONCLUSIONS 194 BIBLIOGRAPHY 196 Analysis of digital trends culture. Smart AC/E DIGITAL CULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 2017 5 CONTENT CURATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. CURATION FOR DIGITAL HERITAGE Robin Good @RobinGood Robin Good is an independent author, publisher and speaker focusing on key trends connecting technologies and communication, marketing, design and learning. Based in the island of Terceira, Azores (Portugal), Robin has published since 2001 over 3,000 articles on communicating effectively with new technologies and the Internet. His work has been read by over 30 million individuals and it has been mentioned in over 100 books. He has also been the first EU-based small independent publisher to have invoiced over a million dollars to Google in 2008 in advertising commissions. His best work on content curation can be found here: http://curation.masternewmedia.org https://flipboard.com/@robingood/content-curation-world-9pgk3c6gy http://contentcuration.zeef.com/robin.good https://medium.com/content-curation-official-guide http://pinterest.com/robingood/content-curation-visualized https://it.pinterest.com/robingood/great-examples-of-content-curation/ Smart culture. Analysis of digital trends culture. Smart https://it.pinterest.com/robingood/what-is-content-curation-best-definitions/ 6 CONTENT CURATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. CURATION FOR DIGITAL HERITAGE · ROBIN GOOD Introduction what we like, give value to and seek. For these reasons content curation acts both When you live in an age where you are sur- as a cultural portal to discover who we are as rounded by information, differing viewpoints, well as a multifaceted lighthouse pointing to hard to vet and verify sources, fake news and whatever our culture deems to be relevant and propaganda, content curation moves rapidly worth of attention and scrutiny. from being a trendy buzzword for content marketers to become an in-demand necessity Content curation shapes and molds our for any human interested in actively learning, own culture as it promotes the filtering and comprehending and wanting to make sense of highlighting of what is identified as being today’s reality. of greater value and interest by experienced scholars, researchers, and passionate Content curators act as expert “trusted guides” information explorers who help us manage this overwhelming glut of information, while supporting us in making sense In turn, content curation shapes and molds of the issues, topics, events and people that our own culture as it promotes the filtering interest us most. and highlighting of what is identified as being of greater value and interest by experienced “When we curate content online, it enhances who scholars, researchers, and passionate information we are... – we learn things, and we help to define explorers such as content curators are. ourselves by understanding our own interests – and in a more external way, by allowing other people to better understand who we are. It becomes part of Filtering and the Content Curator our ethos, part of our personal brand.” (source: http://sco.lt/7cPrPd) Although one may not realize it, the greatest part of our lives is spent filtering out irrelevant, Dr. Gideon Burton of Brigham Young University unimportant or uninteresting signals while pay- offers an interesting insight into why curation ing attention and giving focus to what we feel is is such a valuable activity for humankind by important and relevant at any given moment. pointing out that our efforts to gather, collect and order the information chaos surrounding us Our lives are spent making choices. We are the are a critical activity to understand ourselves, to only animal who can do this: stop and decide what learn more about anything and to make sense of to choose, listen, watch, read, and respond to. the world we live in. We make choices even when we choose not to Real-world examples of such content curation make a choice or when we let others do it for us. are everywhere around us. They range from Analysis of digital trends culture. Smart music compilations, to video playlists, galleries And if this is a key trait that makes us different of images, directories of tools and resources, from other living creatures, it would only appear to hand-picked lists of experts, custom maps, to be logical that we did our best to make timelines, guides and in-depth news stories. valuable, intelligent choices every time we were confronted with one. Culturally, these curated resources are not just shortcuts to the “essence” of something, but they In other words, if I took this concept to the ex- also shape and define the character, the perime- treme I could say that a fully operational human ter of who we are, of what we are interested in, AC/E DIGITAL CULTURE ANNUAL REPORT 2017 7 being curates his life, moment by moment, by expert guide who can provide us with “intellec- deciding constantly what to pay attention to, tual binoculars”.