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Cross Cultural Psychology ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY [ACCREDITED WITH ‘A+’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded as Category-I University by MHRD-UGC] (A State University Established by the Government of Tamilnadu) KARAIKUDI – 630 003 DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION B.Sc., PSYCHOLOGY IV SEMESTER 11943- CROSS CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Copy Right Reserved For Private use only Author: Dr.S.Nasar, Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Commerce, Dr.Zakir Hussain College Illayangudi. “The Copyright shall be vested with Alagappa University” All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. SYLLABI – BOOK MAPPING TABLE 11943- CROSS CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Syllabi Mapping in Book BLOCK I PSYCHOLOGY AND CULTURE UNIT I Pages 1-23 Definition of culture Approaches to culture Interface between psychology and culture Pancultural principles verses culture UNIT II Pages 24-38 Specific Differences: Etics and Emics Methods of understanding culture, scope of cultural psychology. UNIT III Pages 39-58 Culture and perception – perception and experience cultural influence on visual perception Culture and Cognition culture, UNIT IV Pages 59-86 Categorization and concept formation, culture and memory, Culture and consciousness- culture and dreams, culture and time, culture and perception of pain BLOCK II: CULTURAL INFLENCES UNIT V Pages 87-100 Culture and intelligence – cross cultural research on intelligence, cultural differences in the meaning and concept of intelligence UNIT VI Pages 101-125 Difference in the definitions of health, sociocultural influence on physical health and medical disease process Cultural influences on attitudes and beliefs related to health and diseases Culture, UNIT VII Pages 126-150 Self culture and personality Culture and gender –culture and gender stereotype, How does culture influence gender ? BLOCK III: : INDIAN CULTURE UNIT VIII Pages 151-173 Indigenous healing traditions in India. History of mental health practices in India Current status of mental health practice in India Key issues in the theory and practice of mental health in India. UNIT IX Pages 174 -188 The concept of mind in Samkhya and Nyaya-Vaiseshika philosophy Bhagavad Gita and mental health Concepts of health and illness in Ayurveda Personality –implications from Yoga Indian perspective on emotion UNIT X Pages 189-221 Cultural Psychology definition and meaning; Platonism, positivism, relativism, historicism; Methods of cross-cultural research; Cultural Narratives; Methodological Issues BLOCK - IV CULTURAL FACTORS UNIT XI Pages 222-255 Attribution; Notions of Individuality and relatedness; Intergroup Behaviour Cultural Ideals; Acculturation, Enculturation and Socialization; Child Rearing, parenting and family in Indian setting; Play, use of symbols and communication UNIT XII Pages 256-278 Notion of g and s; Genetic epistemology; Cultural factors in memory and information processing; Ability testing; UNIT XIII Pages 279-304 Emotional Intelligence; Metacognition; Theories of mind and metacognition UNIT XIV Pages 305-335 Report on cultural influences on parenting in personal local setting; identification of cultural ideals CONTENTS BLOCK I PSYCHOLOGY AND CULTURE UNIT I: INTRODUCTION 1-23 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Theory of Cultural Determinism 1.3 Cultural Relativism 1.4 Cultural Ethnocentrism 1.5 Manifestations of Culture 1.6 Layers of Culture 1.7 Measuring Cultural Differences 1.8 Reconciliation of Cultural Differences 1.9 Cultural Approach to Oragnisation 1.10 Approaches to the study of Culture 1.11 Cultural Models 1.12 Terminologies 1.13 Model Questions 1.14 Reference Books UNIT II : SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES OF CULTURE 24-38 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Etics and Emics Approaches 2.3 Understanding Culture 2.4 Cultural Systems 2.5 Stereotypes and Generalisation 2.6 Scope of Culture Psychology 2.7 Relationships with other Branches of Psychology 2.8 Terminologies 2.9 Model Questions 2.10 Reference Books UNIT III: CULTURE AND PERCEPTION 39-58 3.1 Introductions 3.2 How does Culture shape the Individual 3.3 Understanding Cultural Perceptions 3.4 Culture Influences Perceptions 3.5 Visual Perception 3.6 Unconscious inference 3.7 Gestalt Theory 3.8 Analysis of eye movement 3.9 Face and Object Recognition 3.10 Cognitive and Computational Approaches 3.11 Cognitive Approaches 3.12 Cultural Cognition of Risk 3.13 Cognitive Processes 3.14 Cognitive Skills 3.15 Terminologies 3.16Model Questions 3.17 Reference Books UNIT 4: CATEGORIZATION OF CULTURE 59-86 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Levels/Categorization of Culture 4.3 Roots of Cultures 4.4 Assumptions 4.5 Value Dimensions of Culture 4.6Culture and Leadership 4.7 Leadership Behaviors and Culture 4.8 Conscious Culture 4.9 Between Culture and Memory: Experience 4.10 Culture and Dreams 4.11 Chronemics 4.12 Perception of pain 4.13 Terminologies 4.14Model Questions 4.15 Reference Books BLOCK II: CULTURAL INFLENCES UNIT V: Culture and intelligence 87-100 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Four CQ Capabilities 5.3 Measurement of Cultural intelligence 5.4 Diplomatic Implications 5.5 Cultural Differences 5.6 Intelligence Cycle 5.7 Conceptual Model 5.8 Concept of intelligence 5.9 Examples of Cultural Differences in the Workplace 5.10 Human Intelligence 5.11 Terminologies 5.12Model Questions 5.13 Reference Books UNIT VI: CULTURE AND HEALTH 101-125 6.1 Introduction 6.2 World Health Organisation Definition 6.3 Performance of Health Systems 6.4 Sociocultral influence on physical Health 6.5 Medical Disease Process Cultural influences on Attitudes 6.6 Characteristics of culture 6.7 A Create Escape 6.8Culture: The Hidden and the Obvious 6.9 Indecision or Decision Making 6.10 Impact of Culture on Health 6.11 Beliefs related to Health and Diseases Culture 6.12 Medical Beliefs through the Ages 6.13 Illness Beliefs 6.14 Medical Anthropology, Public Health , Health psychology 6.15 Terminologies 6.16Model Questions 6.17 Reference Books UNIT VII: SELF CULTURE AND PERSONALITY 126-150 7.1 Introduction 7.2Personality: Boas and Benedict 7.3 Role of culture in the Development of Personality 7.4 Gender-Cultrue 7.5 Communication of Gender Roles in the United States 7.6 Changing Gender Roles in Marriage 7.7 Gender Stereotype Differences in Cultures: East and West 7.8 How does Culture influence Gender 7.9 Gender Stereotypes and issues in the Workplace 7.10 Economic and Social Consequences 7.11 Implicit Gender Stereotypes 7.12 Terminologies 7.13Model Questions 7.14Reference Books BLOCK III: INDIAN CULTURE UNIT VIII: CULTURE IN INDIA 151-173 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Vedic Period 8.3 Traditional Indian Medical Writings 8.4 Indian Medicine During Pre-colonial and Colonial Periods 8.5 Indian Medical traditions Since the 20th Century 8.6 History of mental Health practices in India 8.7 Current status of mental Health Practice in India 8.8 Key issues in the theory and Practice of mental Health in India 8.9 Treatment 8.10 Social work in mental Health 8.11 Roles and Functions 8.12 Terminologies 8.13Model Questions 8.14 Reference Books UNIT IX: EASTERN PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY (15 HRS) 174-188 9.1 Introduction 9.2Historical clinical Psychologists 9.3 Samkhya 9.4 Vaisheshika or Vaisesika 9.5 Categories or Padartha 9.6 Concepts of mental Health in Ayurveda 9.7 Elements of Ayurvedic psychology 9.8 Implications from Yoga Indian perspective on Emotion 9.9 Rasa Theory 9.10 Ahamkara, Atman and Emotions 9.11 Understanding Emotions(implications) 9.12 Mind in Sankhya philosophy 9.13 Evoluation in Samkhya 9.14 Terminologies 9.15Model Questions 9.16 Reference Books UNIT X: PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS 189-221 10.1 Introduction 10.2Relationships with other Branches of psychology 10.3 Cultural Models 10.4 Culture and Motivation 10.5 Culture and Empathy 10.6 Platonism 10.7 Positivism 10.8 Overview 10.9 Historiography 10.10 Sociological positivism 10.11 Relativism 10.12 Historicism 10.13 Cross-Cultural Research Methods 10.14 Cultural Narrative 10.15 Methodological Issues 10.16 Terminologies 10.17Model Questions 10.18 Reference Books BLOCK IV: CULTURAL FACTORS UNIT XI: SOCIALIZATION & DEVELOPMENT; CULTURAL LEARNING 222-255 11.1 Introduction 11.2History 11.3 Stages 11.4 Behaviorism 11.5 Types of Socialization 11.6 Attribution 11.7 Three-Dimensional Model 11.8 Fundamental Attribution Error 11.9 Individuality and Relatedness 11.10 Intergroup Behavior Cultural ideals 11.11 Conceptual models 11.12 Encluturation 11.13 Parenting 11.14 Extended Family 11.15 Communication Symbols 11.16 Terminologies 11.17Model Questions 11.18Reference Books UNIT XII: COGNITIVE AND CULTURAL FACTORS 256-278 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Two- Factor theory of intelligence 12.3 Development of Spearmen’s Theory-Experimental Evidence 12.4 Impact on psychology 12.5 Genetic Epistemology 12.6 Cultural factors in memory 12.7 Cultural studies Approach 12.8 Information Processing 12.9 Major theorists 12. 10 Current Areas of Research 12.11 Implications inside the Classroom 12.12 Cognitive Ability testing 12.13 Terminologies 12.14Model Questions 12.15 Reference Books UNIT XIII: INTELLECTUAL PROCESSES 279-304 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Development of intellect 13.3 Emotional intelligence 13.4 Models of EI 13.5 General Effects 13.6 Metacognition 13.7 Types of meta cognitive knowledge 13.8 Components
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