2030 DF High-Resolution Direct Finding Equipment
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Marine Charts and Navigation
OceanographyLaboratory Name Lab Exercise#2 MARINECHARTS AND NAVIGATION DEFINITIONS: Bearing:The directionto a target from your vessel, expressedin degrees, 0OO" clockwise through 360". Bearingcan be expressedas a true bearing (in degreesfrom true, or geographicnorth), a magneticbearing (in degreesfrom magnetic north),or a relativebearing (in degreesfrom ship's head). Gourse:The directiona ship must travel to arrive at a desireddestination. Cursor:A cross hairmark on the radarscreen operated by the trackball.The cursor is used to measurea target'srange and bearing,set the guard zone,and plot the movementof other ships. ElectronicBearing Line (EBLI: A line on the radar screenthat indicates the bearing to a target. Fix: The charted positionof a vesselor radartarget. Heading:The directionin which a ship's bow pointsor headsat any instant, expressedin degrees,O0Oo clockwise through 360o,from true or magnetic north. The headingof a ship is alsocalled "ship's head". Knot: The unit of speedused at sea. lt is equivalentto one nauticalmile perhour. Latitude:The angulardistance north or south of the equatormeasured from O" at the Equatorto 9Ooat the poles.For most navigationalpurposes, one degree of latitudeis assumedto be equalto 60 nauticalmiles. Thus, one minute of latitude is equalto one nauticalmile. Longitude:The'angular distance on the earth measuredfrom the Prime Meridian (O') at Greenwich,England east or west through 180'. Every 15 degreesof longitudeeast or west of the PrimeMeridian is equalto one hour's difference from GreenwichMean Time (GMT)or Universal (UT). Time NauticalMile: The basic unit of distanceat sea, equivalentto 6076 feet, 1.85 kilometers,or 1.15 statutemiles. Pip:The imageof a targetecho displayedon the radarscreen; also calleda "blip". -
Angles, Azimuths and Bearings
Surveying & Measurement Angles, Azimuths and Bearings Introduction • Finding the locations of points and orientations of lines depends on measurements of angles and directions. • In surveying, directions are given by azimuths and bearings. • Angels measured in surveying are classified as . Horizontal angels . Vertical angles Introduction • Total station instruments are used to measure angels in the field. • Three basic requirements determining an angle: . Reference or starting line, . Direction of turning, and . Angular distance (value of the angel) Units of Angel Measurement In the United States and many other countries: . The sexagesimal system: degrees, minutes, and seconds with the last unit further divided decimally. (The circumference of circles is divided into 360 parts of degrees; each degree is further divided into minutes and seconds) • In Europe . Centesimal system: The circumference of circles is divided into 400 parts called gon (previously called grads) Units of Angel Measurement • Digital computers . Radians in computations: There are 2π radians in a circle (1 radian = 57.30°) • Mil - The circumference of a circle is divided into 6400 parts (used in military science) Kinds of Horizontal Angles • The most commonly measured horizontal angles in surveying: . Interior angles, . Angles to the right, and . Deflection angles • Because they differ considerably, the kind used must be clearly identified in field notes. Interior Angles • It is measured on the inside of a closed polygon (traverse) or open as for a highway. • Polygon: closed traverse used for boundary survey. • A check can be made because the sum of all angles in any polygon must equal • (n-2)180° where n is the number of angles. -
The Crossing of Heaven
The Crossing of Heaven Memoirs of a Mathematician Bearbeitet von Karl Gustafson, Ioannis Antoniou 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xvi, 176 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 22557 4 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 456 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Mathematik > Numerik und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen > Angewandte Mathematik, Mathematische Modelle Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 4. Computers and Espionage ...and the world’s first spy satellite... It was 1959 and the Cold War was escalating steadily, moving from a state of palpable sustained tension toward the overt threat to global peace to be posed by the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis – the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. Quite by chance, I found myself thrust into this vortex, involved in top-level espionage work. I would soon write the software for the world’s first spy satellite. It was a summer romance, in fact, that that led me unwittingly to this particular role in history. In 1958 I had fallen for a stunning young woman from the Washington, D.C., area, who had come out to Boulder for summer school. So while the world was consumed by the escalating political and ideological tensions, nuclear arms competition, and Space Race, I was increasingly consumed by thoughts of Phyllis. -
8200.1D United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL TM 95-225 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MANUAL NAVAIR 16-1-520 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL AFMAN 11-225 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ORDER 8200.1D UNITED STATES STANDARD FLIGHT INSPECTION MANUAL April 2015 DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY, THE NAVY, AND THE AIR FORCE AND THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION DISTRIBUTION: Electronic Initiated By: AJW-331 RECORD OF CHANGES DIRECTIVE NO. 8200.1D CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL TO TO BASIC BASIC The material contained herein was formerly issued as the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual, dated December 1956. The second edition incorporated the technical material contained in the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual and revisions thereto and was issued as the United States Standard Facilities Flight Check Manual, dated December 1960. The third edition superseded the second edition of the United States Standard Facilities Flight Check Manual; Department of Army Technical Manual TM-11-2557-25; Department of Navy Manual NAVWEP 16-1-520; Department of the Air Force Manual AFM 55-6; United States Coast Guard Manual CG-317. FAA Order 8200.1A was a revision of the third edition of the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual, FAA OA P 8200.1; Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 95-225; Department of the Navy Manual NAVAIR 16-1-520; Department of the Air Force Manual AFMAN 11-225; United States Coast Guard Manual CG-317. FAA Order 8200.1B, dated January 2, 2003, was a revision of FAA Order 8200.1A. FAA Order 8200.1C, dated October 1, 2005, was a revision of FAA Order 8200.1B. -
Methods of Radio Direction Finding As an Aid to Navigation
FWD : MWB Letter 1-6 DP PA RT*«ENT OF COMMERCE Circular BUREAU OF STANDARDS No. 56 WASHINGTON (March 27, 1923.)* 4 METHODS OF RADIO DIRECTION F$JDJipG AS AN AID TO NAVIGATION; THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OB£&fmTING THE DIRECTION FINDER ON SHORg$tgJFcN SHIPBOARD By F. W, Dunmo:^, Associate Physicist Now that the great value of the radio direction finder as an aid to navigation is being generally recognized, consider- able importance attaches to the question whether Its proper location is on shipboard, in the hands of the navigator, or on shore. The essential part of a radio direction finding equipment or '‘radio compass'' consists of a coil of wire usually wound on a frame from four to five feet square, so mounted as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. Suitable radio receiving apparatus is connected to this coil for the reception of the radio beacon signals. The construction and operation of the direction finder have been discussed in detail in Bureau of Standards Scientific Paper No. 438, by F.A.Kolster and F.W. Dunmore, to which the reader may refer for further . informa- tion.* The present paper is concerned primarily with a com- parison of the relative advantages of the location of the •direction finder on shore and on shipboard, The two methods may be briefly described as follows; 1. Direction Finder on Shore. --This method, usually con- sists in the use of two or more radio direction finder station installations on shore, each of these compass stations being connected by wire to a controlling transmitting station. -
Using the Suunto Hand Bearing Compass
R Application Note Using the Suunto Hand Bearing Compass Overview The Suunto bearing compass is used to measure an object’s bearing angle relative to magnetic North. The compass has a second scale for reading bearing angle from South. It is designed for viewing an object and its bearing angle simultaneously. This application note outlines the basic steps for using the Suunto bearing compass. Taking a Bearing 1. Site distant object. Use one eye to view distant object and the other to Figure 1: A Suunto Bearing Compass look into compass. With both eyes open, visually align vertical marker inside compass to distant object. Figure 2: Sighting an object Figure 3: Aligning compass sight and distant object 2. Take a reading. Every ten-degree marker is labeled with two numbers. The bottom number indicates degrees from magnetic North in a clockwise direction. The top number indicates degrees from magnetic South in a clockwise direction. Figure 4: Composite view through compass sight. The building edge is 275° from magnetic North. 3. Account for difference between true North and magnetic North. The compass points to magnetic North. The orientation of an object is measured in degrees East from North. The orientation of an object in San Francisco (and in the Bay Area) to true North is the compass reading from magnetic north plus 15°. The building edge in Figure 4 is 275° from Magnetic North. Therefore, the building edge in Figure 4 is 290° (275° + 15°) from true North. Visit one of the websites below for the magnetic declination for other locations. -
Black on Monmonier, 'Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: a Social History of the Mercator Projection'
H-HistGeog Black on Monmonier, 'Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection' Review published on Friday, October 1, 2004 Mark Monmonier. Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xiv + 242 pp. $25.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-226-53431-2. Reviewed by Jeremy Black (Department of History, Exeter University)Published on H-HistGeog (October, 2004) Monmonier, Distinguished Professor of Geography at Syracuse University, offers yet another first- rate contribution to the literature on cartography. His focus is one of the most famous projections, that of Gerard Mercator. As Monmonier points out, the popularity of this projection reflected its value for sailors, not least the map's value for plotting an easily followed course that could be marked off with a straight-edge and readily converted to a bearing. Mercator sought to reconcile the navigator's need for a straightforward course with the trade-offs inherent in flattening a globe. Mercator's projection affords negligible distortion on large-scale detailed maps of small areas, but relative size is markedly misrepresented on Mercator charts because of the increased poleward separation of parallels required to straighten out loxodromes. Monmonier shows how the projection was subsequently employed. It became the cartographic expression of what he terms a hot idea in the late 1590s, when Jodocus Hondius and Edward Wright offered their own versions of Mercator's world. Hondius relied heavily on Wright, who developed a mathematical description as well as tables showing how to position the parallels. Monmonier then takes the story forward showing how different demands, for example for artillery aiming, influenced the use of projections. -
Evaluation VHF Intercept and Direction Finding Systems
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989 Evaluation VHF intercept and direction finding systems. Siddiqui, Muhammad Aleem. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25913 UNCLASSIFIED S.'URiTY CLASS. FiCAT'Orj Qi^ THiS PAGt form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 0MB No 0704 on REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE MARK NGS Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION 'AVAHABlLiTV OF PE.-OP" Approved for public release; DECLASSIFICATION ' DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is unlimited PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER{S) 5 MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION (If applicable) ^aval Postgraduate Schoo] 61 Naval Postgraduate School ADDRESS {City, State, and ZIP Code) 7t) ADDRESS (C/fy State and ZIP Code) Monterey, California 93943-5000 Monterey, California 93943-5000 NAME OF FUNDING SPONSORING Bb OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBEf ORGANIZATION (If applicable) ADDRESS(C/f> State and ZIP Code) in SOURCE OF FUNDING NjMBE»S P!^'OGRAM PROJECT TASr vvorn unit Element no NO NO -ccession no i TITLE (Include Security Classification) EVALUATION OF VHF INTERCEPT AND DIRECTION FINDING SYSTEMS ! PERSONAL AUTHOR'S; SIDDIQUI, Muhammad Aleem ia TYPE OF REPORT 3b TIME COVERED ^ DATE OF REPOR" (Year Month Day) 3 PAGE COUN' Master's Thesis FROM TO 1989, September 91 j SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION COSATl CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on revefse if necessar-y and identify by block number) ELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Electronic Warfare, Interception, Direction Finding ) ABSTRACT {Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) This thesis evaluates VHF Intercept and Direction Finding (DF) collection systems developed by ESL International, Watkins Johnson, and HRB Singer for induction into a divisional level signal battalion of the Pakistan ^rmy. -
Inland and Coastal Navigation Workbook
Inland & Coastal Navigation Workbook Copyright © 2003, 2009, 2012 by David F. Burch All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. ISBN 978-0-914025-13-9 Published by Starpath Publications 3050 NW 63rd Street, Seattle, WA 98107 Manufactured in the United States of America www.starpathpublications.com TABLE OF CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS Tools of the Trade ...........................................................................................................iv Overview, Terminology, Paper Charts ............................................................................v Chart No. 1 Booklet, Navigation Rules Book, Using Electronic Charts ...................vi To measure the Range and Bearing Between Two Points,.................................... vii To Plot a Bearing Line, To Plot a Circle of Position ............................................. vii For more Help or Training ..........................................................................................vii Magnetic Variation ....................................................................................................... viii EXERCISES 1. Chart Reading and Coast Pilot2 .....................................................................................1 2. Compass Conversions and Bearing Fixes .......................................................................2 -
Math for Surveyors
Math For Surveyors James A. Coan Sr. PLS Topics Covered 1) The Right Triangle 2) Oblique Triangles 3) Azimuths, Angles, & Bearings 4) Coordinate geometry (COGO) 5) Law of Sines 6) Bearing, Bearing Intersections 7) Bearing, Distance Intersections Topics Covered 8) Law of Cosines 9) Distance, Distance Intersections 10) Interpolation 11) The Compass Rule 12) Horizontal Curves 13) Grades and Slopes 14) The Intersection of two grades 15) Vertical Curves The Right Triangle B Side Opposite (a) A C Side Adjacent (b) a b a SineA = CosA = TanA = c c b c c b CscA = SecA = CotA = a b a The Right Triangle The above trigonometric formulas Can be manipulated using Algebra To find any other unknowns The Right Triangle Example: a a SinA = SinA· c = a = c c SinA b b CosA = CosA· c = b = c c CosA a a TanA = TanA·b = a = b b TanA Oblique Triangles An oblique triangle is one that does not contain a right angle Oblique Triangles This type of triangle can be solved using two additional formulas Oblique Triangles The Law of Sines a b c = = Sin A Sin B Sin C C b a A c B Oblique Triangles The law of Cosines a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc Cos A C b a A c B Oblique Triangles When solving this kind of triangle we can sometimes get two solutions, one solution, or no solution. Oblique Triangles When angle A is obtuse (more than 90°) and side a is shorter than or equal to side c, there is no solution. C b a B A c Oblique Triangles When angle A is obtuse and side a is greater than side c then side a can only intersect side b in one place and there is only one solution. -
A Short History of Army Intelligence
A Short History of Army Intelligence by Michael E. Bigelow, Command Historian, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Introduction On July 1, 2012, the Military Intelligence (MI) Branch turned fi fty years old. When it was established in 1962, it was the Army’s fi rst new branch since the Transportation Corps had been formed twenty years earlier. Today, it remains one of the youngest of the Army’s fi fteen basic branches (only Aviation and Special Forces are newer). Yet, while the MI Branch is a relatively recent addition, intelligence operations and functions in the Army stretch back to the Revolutionary War. This article will trace the development of Army Intelligence since the 18th century. This evolution was marked by a slow, but steady progress in establishing itself as a permanent and essential component of the Army and its operations. Army Intelligence in the Revolutionary War In July 1775, GEN George Washington assumed command of the newly established Continental Army near Boston, Massachusetts. Over the next eight years, he dem- onstrated a keen understanding of the importance of MI. Facing British forces that usually outmatched and often outnumbered his own, Washington needed good intelligence to exploit any weaknesses of his adversary while masking those of his own army. With intelligence so imperative to his army’s success, Washington acted as his own chief of intelligence and personally scrutinized the information that came into his headquarters. To gather information about the enemy, the American com- mander depended on the traditional intelligence sources avail- able in the 18th century: scouts and spies. -
Nautical Charts
7DOCUBENT RESUME ,Ar ED 125 934 ,_ SONI 160 AUTBOR tcCallum, W. F.; Botly, D. B. TITLE Eautical.Charts: Another Dimension in Developing Map Skills. Instructional Activities Series IA/S-11. INSTITUTION National Council for Geographic Education. PUB DATE (75) NOTE, 2Cp.; For related documents, see ED 096 235 and SO 1 009 140-167 AVAILABLE ?RCM NCGE Central Office, 115 North Marion Street, Oak Park, Illinois 60301 ($1.00, secondary set $15.25) EDRS PRICE 8F-$0.83 Plus Postage. BC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Classroom Techniques; earth SIence; *Geography Instruction; Illustrations; Knowledge Level; Learning Lctivities; saps; *tap Skills; *Navigation; Oceanokogy; Physical Environment; Physical Geography; Seconda ry Education; *Simulation; Skill Development; Social Studies; Teaching Methods;-, Visual Aids ABSTPACT These activities are part of a series of 17 teacher- developed instructional activities for geography at the secondary-grade level described in SO 009 140. In theactivities students develop map skills by learning about and using nautical . charts. The first activity involves stUdents in using parallelrulers and a compass rose to find their hearings. Their ship, Prince Edward, . lies in an anchorage. They must take a bearing of eight otherships and record these bearings in the deck log. In the second activity students use dividers and the latitucle scale to peasure distance. During the class project they lay out courses to.steer and distances to run to bring their ship from one designated position itoanother. In the third activity students learn to interprettle common symbols found on a nautical chart by responding to discussion question g. Activity four is a simulation exercise in which students apply'the skills learned and the knowledge gained'in the first three exerises %by using z-namtical c4a-st- to move their ship from Passage Island to Thunder Bay.