A Rendőrség Társadalmi Rendeltetése És a Rendőrségi Kommunikáció

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A Rendőrség Társadalmi Rendeltetése És a Rendőrségi Kommunikáció A RENDŐRSÉG TÁRSADALMI RENDELTETÉSE ÉS A RENDŐRSÉGI KOMMUNIKÁCIÓ DOKTORI DISSZERTÁCIÓ KRISKÓ EDINA TÉMAVEZETŐ: FINSZTER GÉZA, DSc. PÉCSI TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM NYELVTUDOMÁNYI DOKTORI ISKOLA KOMMUNIKÁCIÓ PROGRAM 2012 Budapest Tartalom Az árbák jegyzéke ...................................................................................................................... 7 Köszönetnyilvánítás ................................................................................................................... 8 Bevezetés .................................................................................................................................... 9 I. Az értekezés tárgya és a kutatás módszerei .......................................................................... 10 I.1. A rendészeti működés mint kutatási tárgy ..................................................................... 10 I.2. A kutatás legfőbb kérdései ............................................................................................. 13 I.3. A dolgozat kulcsfogalmai .............................................................................................. 14 I.4. A téma rendészeti szempontú szűkítése – avagy a nyugati típusú rendőrségek ............ 16 I.5. A téma kommunikációs szempontú lehatárolása – avagy miért pr? .............................. 21 I.6. Kutatási terv ................................................................................................................... 23 I.7. A téma diszciplináris beágyazottsága ............................................................................ 25 I.8. A kutatómunka korlátai .................................................................................................. 27 I.9. A dolgozat várható hozadékai ........................................................................................ 28 I.10. A dolgozat felépítése .................................................................................................... 29 II. A rendőrség társadalmi rendeltetése .................................................................................... 30 II.1. A rendészettudomány európai története........................................................................ 30 II.1.1. Németország és a német nyelvterületek ............................................................................. 30 II.1.2. Franciaország ...................................................................................................................... 33 II.1.3. Rendészettudomány Nagy-Britanniában és az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban ................ 34 II.2. Rendészettudomány a 19. századtól kezdődően ........................................................... 36 II.2.1. A kriminológia hozzájárulásai a rendészettudományhoz ................................................... 36 II.2.2. Kriminológiai gondolkodás hazánkban .............................................................................. 41 II.3. A rendészet társadalomelmélete ................................................................................... 44 II.3. 1. A rendészeti tevékenységek gyökerei ................................................................................ 45 II.3.2. A modern rendészet ............................................................................................................ 46 II.3.3. A fegyelmező társadalom ................................................................................................... 47 II.3.4. Az angol rendőrségi modell létrejötte ................................................................................. 49 II.3.5. A francia rendőrségi modell gyökerei ................................................................................ 50 II.3.6. A rendészet intézményesülése Németországban (és Ausztriában) ..................................... 51 II.3.7. A rendészet intézményesülésének francia útja ................................................................... 51 II.3.8. Anglia és az alulról szerveződő rendőrség ......................................................................... 53 II.4. Néhány szó a rendőrség állam- és jogtudományi közelítéséről .................................... 55 2 II.5. A rendőrségszociológia ................................................................................................. 56 II.5.1. A rendőrség társadalmi rendeltetése, szerepének szociológiai megközelítése ................... 58 II.5.2. A szerepfelfogások változása ............................................................................................. 61 II.6. A rendőrség és a társadalmi problémák ........................................................................ 65 II.7. A rendőrség és a politikai szféra ................................................................................... 68 III. Rendészet hazánkban .......................................................................................................... 70 III.1 Rendőrségi modellek .................................................................................................... 70 III.2 A magyar rendészeti modell ......................................................................................... 71 III.2.1 Történelmi előzmények ...................................................................................................... 72 III.2.2 A 18. és 19. századi magyar rendvédelem ......................................................................... 74 III.2.3 A szabadságharctól a kiegyezésig ...................................................................................... 76 III.2.4 A zsandárság ...................................................................................................................... 77 III.2.5 Átszervezés Pesten ............................................................................................................. 77 III.2.6 A kiegyezéstől az első világháborúig ................................................................................. 78 III.2.7 A Horthy-korszak rendőrsége ............................................................................................ 79 III.2.8 Rendőrségünk 1945 után .................................................................................................... 82 III.2.9 A rendszerváltást követő évek ............................................................................................ 83 III.3 A rendszerváltás és a modernizáció kérdése ................................................................ 85 III.3.1 Reform, modernizáció vagy korszerűsítés? ........................................................................ 85 III.3.2 Feszültségek a rendőri szervezetben .................................................................................. 88 III.4. Égető problémák .......................................................................................................... 89 III.5. Alternatív rendészet ..................................................................................................... 90 III.5.1 Az alternatív rendészet igénye ........................................................................................... 90 III.5.2 A problémaorientált rendőrség és a közösségi rendőrség .................................................. 91 III.6. Milyen szervezet a rendőrség? .................................................................................... 93 III.6.1 Szervezetelméleti fogódzók ............................................................................................... 93 III.6.2 Attitűdök és szervezetek ..................................................................................................... 97 III.6.3 Státus és szerep ................................................................................................................... 99 III.7 A szervezet mint kollektív ágens ................................................................................ 102 III.8 A rendőrség feladata a biztonság őrzése..................................................................... 104 III.9. Összegzés................................................................................................................... 106 IV. fejezet: A rendőrség és a sajtó .......................................................................................... 108 IV.1. Hazai szakirodalmi előzmények ................................................................................ 108 IV.2 Nyilvánosságok .......................................................................................................... 111 3 IV.2.1 A társadalmi nyilvánosság ............................................................................................... 111 IV.2.2 A nyilvánosság fogalmának, jellegének és szerepének változása .................................... 113 IV.2.3 Sajtóélet a szabadságharc után ......................................................................................... 113 IV.2.4 Világháború és morális pánik........................................................................................... 115 IV.2.5 Propaganda ....................................................................................................................... 117 IV.2.6 Közvélemény ................................................................................................................... 118 IV.2.7 A propaganda gyakorlata ................................................................................................. 119 IV.2.8 Sajtószabályozás 1919-38 között ....................................................................................
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