L'enfant De Sable'' Et ''La Nuit Sacrée'' De Tahar Ben Je

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L'enfant De Sable'' Et ''La Nuit Sacrée'' De Tahar Ben Je Littérature et médiation dans ”L’enfant de sable” et ”La nuit sacrée” de Tahar Ben Jelloun, ”La virgen de los sicarios” de Fernando Vallejo et ”Le cavalier et son ombre” de Boubacar Boris Diop. Yves Romuald Dissy Dissy To cite this version: Yves Romuald Dissy Dissy. Littérature et médiation dans ”L’enfant de sable” et ”La nuit sacrée” de Tahar Ben Jelloun, ”La virgen de los sicarios” de Fernando Vallejo et ”Le cavalier et son ombre” de Boubacar Boris Diop.. Littératures. Université Paris-Est, 2012. Français. NNT : 2012PEST0009. tel-00838085 HAL Id: tel-00838085 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838085 Submitted on 24 Jun 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LABORATOIRE LETTRES IDEES ET SAVOIRS (LIS) Spécialité : Langues et Littératures étrangères THESE DE DOCTORAT NOUVEAU REGIME Présentée et soutenue publiquement par M. Yves Romuald DISSY-DISSY Titre : LITTERATURE ET MEDIATION DANS L’ENFANT DE SABLE ET LA NUIT SACREE DE TAHAR BEN JELLOUN, LA VIRGEN DE LOS SICARIOS DE FERNANDO VALLEJO ET LE CAVALIER ET SON OMBRE DE BOUBACAR BORIS DIOP. Sous la direction de M. PAPA SAMBA DIOP, Professeur des littératures francophones et comparées Jury Examinateur : M. Romuald FONKOUA, Professeur de littérature générale et comparée à l’Université de Strasbourg II Examinateur : Mme Priska DEGRAS, Maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille III Rapporteur : M. Nicolas MBA ZUE, Maître de conférences à l’université Omar Bongo (Gabon) Rapporteur : M. Steeve R. Renombo, Maître de conférences à l’Université Omar Bongo (Gabon) Directeur de Thèse : M. Papa Samba DIOP, Professeur de littératures francophones et comparées à l’université Paris-Est Créteil (Ex-Paris XII-Val-de-Marne) LABORATOIRE LETTRES IDEES ET SAVOIRS (LIS) Spécialité : Langues et Littératures étrangères THESE DE DOCTORAT NOUVEAU REGIME Présentée et soutenue publiquement par M. Yves Romuald DISSY-DISSY Titre : LITTERATURE ET MEDIATION DANS L’ENFANT DE SABLE ET LA NUIT SACREE DE TAHAR BEN JELLOUN, LA VIRGEN DE LOS SICARIOS DE FERNANDO VALLEJO ET LE CAVALIER ET SON OMBRE DE BOUBACAR BORIS DIOP. Sous la direction de M. PAPA SAMBA DIOP, Professeur des littératures francophones et comparées Jury Examinateur : M. Romuald FONKOUA, Professeur de littérature générale et comparée à l’Université de Strasbourg II Examinateur : Mme Priska DEGRAS, Maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille III Rapporteur : M. Nicolas MBA ZUE, Maître de conférences à l’université Omar Bongo (Gabon) Rapporteur : M. Steeve R. Renombo, Maître de conférences à l’Université Omar Bongo (Gabon) Directeur de Thèse : M. Papa Samba DIOP, Professeur de littératures francophones et comparées à l’université Paris-Est Créteil (Ex-Paris XII-Val-de-Marne) 2 REMERCIEMENTS Aux membres du jury. Qu’ils soient remerciés de nous faire l’honneur de critiquer ce travail. A notre directeur de recherche, professeur Papa Samba Diop, nous adressons nos sincères remerciements ; ses conseils avisés nous ont permis de réajuster notre regard sur les études littéraires. Nous lui serons toujours reconnaissant de nous avoir enseigné la passion de la recherche et de nous avoir donné l’initiative de l’exprimer aussi bien au séminaire qu’à l’université. Nos remerciements s’adressent également à nos collègues et amis dont les conseils et les lectures ont agrémenté l’élaboration de cette thèse. Il s’agit, plus particulièrement, de Marjolaine Renvoisé qui a aimablement consacré son temps à la lecture de notre travail, malgré ses multiples obligations professionnelles. Nous n’oublierons pas les membres du GRELIF dont les critiques ont été utiles et nos compagnons d’armes, Mamengui Otouma Prisca et Mounienguet M’Berah Yannick qui nous ont constamment apporté leur soutien moral et intellectuel. Nous remercions nos parents, notamment notre père, Dissi Alphonse, cet homme peu disert et rigoureux, qui nous a communiqué la passion du livre ; notre chère mère, Maroundou Koudy Brigitte, qui le relayait, rituellement, pour s’assurer que les leçons étaient bien apprises ; et notre sœur aînée, Marie-Agathe Kounga, dont nous saluons le soutien indéfectible. Nous porterons toujours, chers parents, le témoignage de votre dévouement pour notre réussite. 3 DEDICACES A ma princesse, Aube-Bridget DISSY A mon Orchidée, Annie-Flore WANGHA Au GRELIF, pour les belles expériences que nous avons partagées. 4 ÉPIGRAPHE « La communication artistique consiste moins à savoir exprimer une expérience E que l’on ressent qu’à savoir provoquer une expérience E’chez un récepteur, et c’est à cela que sert la médiation d’une œuvre. »1 1 Doguet, Jean-Paul, L’art comme communication. Pour une re-définition de l’art, Paris, Armand Colin, 2007, p. 77. 5 TABLE DES MATIERES DEDICACES ................................................................................................................................ 4 ÉPIGRAPHE ................................................................................................................................. 5 TABLE DES MATIERES ............................................................................................................ 6 AVANT-PROPOS ...................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION GENERALE ................................................................................................ 12 I. LECTURE ETIOLOGIQUE DE LA COMMUNICATION DANS LES ŒUVRES .... 29 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 30 CHAPITRE 1 : LA VERITE EN PROCES DANS L’ENFANT DE SABLE ET LA NUIT SACREE DE TAHAR BEN JELLOUN ........................................................................................................................ 31 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 31 I. 1. 1. Distorsion identitaire dans L’Enfant de sable .................................................. 32 1. 1. a. La falsification de la vérité ............................................................................... 32 1. 1. c. Des résistances d’un corps désavoué ................................................................ 38 1. 1. d. Identité controversée ........................................................................................ 40 1. 2. La reconquête identitaire dans La Nuit sacrée ..................................................... 45 1. 2. a. L’éveil d’une conscience au désir de liberté ..................................................... 45 1. 2. b. la rature du passé .............................................................................................. 46 1. 2. c. La Fuite du passé .............................................................................................. 47 I. 1. 3. Le destin tragique de la vérité .......................................................................... 49 I. 1. 4. Les mirages de la félicité .................................................................................. 50 Conclusion du chapitre 1 .............................................................................................. 53 CHAPITRE 2 : LA COLOMBIE, THEATRE DU DESASTRE DANS LA VIRGEN DE LOS SICARIOS 54 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 54 2. 1. Désastre sémantique ............................................................................................. 55 2. 1. a. La mort et la vie ................................................................................................ 55 6 2. 2. L’interchangeabilité du Bien et du Mal ................................................................ 59 2.2. a. Vacance du divin ............................................................................................... 59 2. 3. Une absurdité sociopolitique ................................................................................ 64 2.3.b. Medellín ou l’éloge du manichéisme ................................................................. 69 2. 3. c. L’anomie, un effet boomerang ......................................................................... 71 Conclusion du chapitre 2 ............................................................................................ 77 CHAPITRE 3 : DU MALENTENDU DE L’HISTOIRE AU RENOUVELLEMENT DU DISCOURS AFRICAIN DANS LE CAVALIER ET SON OMBRE ....................................................................... 78 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 78 3. 1. La mémoire abusée ............................................................................................... 79 3. 1. a. La pensée « décliniste » .................................................................................... 79 1. b. Des guerres en Afrique ......................................................................................... 82 3. 2. L'artiste
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