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RAIL LINK Benchmark Study

CABINET-IN-CONFIDENCE FOR CABINET-IN-CONFIDENCE

Purpose of this document This document provides a review of several existing and planned airport rail links both within and overseas. It also identifies some key considerations for the development of the Melbourne (MARL).

The following airport rail links have been reviewed:

Australia •• - Airport Link •• - Forrestfield Airport Link (under construction) •• - Airtrain

International •• - Airport Express •• Shangahai - Train •• - Line •• - •• -

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SYDNEY - Airport Link

The Airport Link is a railway line connecting the CBD to Sydney and the south-western suburbs. The line is integrated with the wider Sydney rail network.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • 41.9 Million • Not a separated , but integrated into the wider metropolitan network (per year) •• Airport patrons are competing for space on Line Length 10km trains with other commuters Opened 2000 •• Wolli Creek station connects the Eastern Average operating speed 80km/h Suburns & Illawarra Line to the airport. Major No. of stations between 5 problems have been noted with this interchange Airport and City •• Rolling stock has no special provision for Operation hours 04.30am - 01.30am luggage Frequency Weekdays: Every 10 •• to airport mode share (2008): minutes 15%, 11% of which is rail Weekends: Every 15 minutes Considerations for MARL City - Airport time 13 minutes (Central •• Rolling stock strategy must address the user station to International needs, factoring in luggage Airport) •• A seamless interchange is imperative to the Rolling Stock Electric success of the line •• Potential integration into the wider Victorian rail network could make line more feasible Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 17 minutes Distance 6.2 km Average journey time 11 minutes Cost $17 Train Average journey time 13 minutes Cost $18

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1 2 3 4 5 6

To Central Coast & Newcastle Line

North Shore Berowra

Mount Kuring-gai A A Mount Colah

Asquith Richmond Richmond Northern Richmond Hornsby East Richmond Normanhurst Waitara

Clarendon Wahroonga Thornleigh Windsor Warrawee Pennant Hills Turramurra Mulgrave Beecroft Pymble Vineyard Gordon Rouse Hill Kellyville Bella Vista Norwest Hills ShowgroundCastle Hill Cherrybrook Cheltenham B Killara B Riverstone CudgegongSydney Road Metro Northwest under construction CABINET-IN-CONFIDENCEEpping Lindfield TRANSPORT FOR VICTORIA Schofields Carlingford Epping Roseville Carlingford Chatswood Quakers Hill Eastwood Artarmon Telopea Marayong University St Leonards Macquarie North Ryde Dundas Denistone Macquarie Park Wollstonecraft Crows Nest Rydalmere Waverton To Blue West Ryde Western North Sydney Mountains Line Camellia Victoria Cross Meadowbank Rosehill Milsons Point Circular QuayCity Penrith St Marys Rooty HillDoonside KingswoodWerrington Olympic Park Rhodes Barangaroo C Mount Druitt Pendle Hill BlacktownSeven ToongabbieHills Olympic Martin Westmead Wynyard Kings CrossEdgecliff Emu Plains Wentworthville Place Park Concord West Bondi Junction Pitt St Town Hall St James C Inner West North Strathfield Harris Park Parramatta Granville Central Museum Eastern Suburbs Clyde Redfern Merrylands Auburn City and Southwest under construction Guildford Erskineville Waterloo St Peters Green Square Yennora Lidcombe Sydenham Flemington Burwood Ashfield LewishamPetershamStanmoreNewtown LidcombeBerala HomebushStrathfield Summer Hill Mascot Fairfield Macdonaldtown D Regents Park Hurlstone Park Tempe D Station Access Fee applies Airport Canterbury T8 Canley Vale Campsie Wolli Creek Station Access Fee applies Marrickville Belmore Dulwich Hill Arncliffe Cabramatta Sefton CarramarVillawood Birrong Chester Hill Banksia Leightonfield Yagoona Turrella Warwick Farm Lakemba Bardwell Park Rockdale Bankstown Wiley Park Punchbowl Bexley North Kogarah Kingsgrove Liverpool Carlton Casula Beverly Hills E Allawah Narwee Hurstville E Glenfield LeppingtonEdmondson Park Leppington Panania Padstow Penshurst East Hills Revesby Holsworthy Riverwood Leppington Mortdale Macquarie Fields Oatley

Ingleburn Como

Jannali Minto

Sutherland oolooware KirraweeGymea MirandaCaringbahW Cronulla Leumeah Cronulla Loftus Campbelltown F Engadine F

Macarthur Heathcote

South T8 Illawarra Waterfall To Southern Highlands Line To South Coast Line

Sydney train lines NORTH

North Shore, Northern Bankstown Line Cumberland Line Olympic Park Line InterchangeInterchangeEnd of line & Western Line Liverpool Leppington Olympic Park Stop North Shore Western Lidcombe Richmond Lidcombe Northern Richmond City G Epping G Check timetables and trip planners Inner West Eastern Suburbs Carlingford Line Airport & South Line for train services and connections & Leppington Line & Illawarra Line Carlingford T8 Airport Inner West Eastern Suburbs Clyde South Visit transportnsw.info Leppington Illawarra City MELBOURNE AIRPORT RAIL LINK 5 City Cronulla Benchmark Study

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Copyright © 2017 Transport for NSW 1709TMS-E-MWT-A4P TRANSPORT FOR VICTORIA CABINET-IN-CONFIDENCE

PERTH - Forrestfield - Airport Link (Under construction)

Once complete, the extension of the existing Perth rail network from Bayswater Junction to Forrestfield will provide direct access to and support the continued growth of the metropolitan area.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • Perth Airport Passengers 13.6 Million • Cost of $1.86 billion is jointly funded by state and federal government (per year) •• New line separates from the existing Midland Line Length Additional 8.5km (7.1km Line, and descends below ground tunnel) •• Forrestfield interchange will include bus Opened 2020 (planned) services to enable wider connectivity Average operating speed TBC •• Estimated patronage - 20,000 (2021), 29,000 No. of stations between 3 new stations (2 (2031) Airport and City underground, including ) Considerations for MARL Operation hours TBC •• Potential to integrate the structure with Frequency Every 10 minutes current metropolitan zoning City - Airport time 18 minutes •• Ability to interface with the airport and provide Rolling Stock TBC efficient interchange for travellers

Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 15 minutes Distance 10.5 km Bus Average journey time 43 minutes Cost $4.50 Train Average journey time 18 minutes Cost TBC

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BRISBANE - Airtrain

The Brisbane Airtrain is a privately owned and operated service that provides a direct rail connection to both Brisbane and the Gold Coast, where it integrates with the network.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • 23.2 Million • Construction of the Brisbane Airtrain was entirely privately financed by Airtrain Citylink Passengers (per year) Limited Line Length 15.9km from Central •• Queensland Rail rolling stock is used to operate Station (including 8.5km the service, as part of a commercial of elevated viaduct from arrangement with Airtrain, to ensure seamless Eagle Junction) integration with the city network Opened 2001 •• Initial numbers were well below Average operating speed Approx. 43km/h expectations, but Airtrain now operates at a No. of stations between 11 Airport and City •• $18.50 one-way, $35 return (Domestic Terminal to Central Station) Operation hours 05.00am - 22.00pm •• In 2011 8% of visitors to the airport used an Frequency Weekdays: Every 15 Airtrain Service minutes Weekends: Every 30 minutes Considerations for MARL •• Private ownership and operations provide City - Airport time 20 minutes to alternative financing options to the traditional international terminal, 24 approach to construction, operation and minutes to domestic maintenance of public transport infrastructure terminal •• Ability to provide practical interchange Rolling Stock Electric opportunities for airport travellers at key destinations or onto other transport modes

Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 19 minutes Distance 17.2 km Bus Average journey time 43 minutes Cost $18.50 Train Average journey time 20 minutes Cost $18.50

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HONG KONG - Airport Express

The Airport Express links the international Airport and AsiaWorld-Expo, to with the urban region of Hong Kong. It is a designated line with specific rolling stock.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information Hong Kong Airport 72.9 Million •• Check in service in Hong Kong and Kowloon Stations Passengers (per year) •• Free shuttle bus service from Kowloon and Line Length 35.3km/h Hong Kong stations to major Opened 1998 •• Approximately 47,000 daily users Average operating speed 130km/h •• Free porter service at all Airport Express No. of stations between 5 (Hong Kong, Kowloon, stations Airport and City Tsing Yi, Airport, •• Rolling stock provides style comfort AsiaWorld-Expo) •• The line shares its tracks in some parts with the Operation hours 05.54am - 00.48am , however these both have Frequency 05.54am - 23.28pm: their own tracks and platforms at all stations Every 10 minutes •• Public transport to airport mode share (2008): 23.28pm - 0048am: 63%, 28% of which is rail Every 12 minutes City - Airport time 24 minutes Considerations for MARL Rolling Stock Dedicated electric rolling •• Integration of check in services at key stock interchanges/stations •• Use of smart technology to assist with journey planning •• User experience relating to success of link Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 28 minutes Distance 36.1km Bus Average journey time 45 minutes Cost HK$33 How the in-town check in works: Train •• For Airport Express passengers, you can drop Average journey time 24 minutes luggage and get your pass at both Hong Kong and Kowloon stations Cost HK$100 •• You must have already purchased an Airport Express ticket •• Some even let you drop to a day prior

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SHANGHAI - Shanghai Maglev Train (SMT)

The SMT is a high speed magnetic levitated railway line operating between Pudong International Airport, and Longyang Road .

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • Hong Kong Airport 70 Million • Following the opening, overall maglev train ridership levels were at 20% of capacity. The Passengers (per year) levels were attributed to limited operating hours, Line Length 30km the short length of the line, high ticket prices Opened 2004 and that it terminates at Longyang Road in Average operating speed 230km/h Pudong – another 20 minutes by subway from No. of stations between 2 (Pudong International the city centre Airport and City Airport, Longyang Road •• Public transport to Airport mode share (2008): Metro Station) 51%, 6% of which is rail Operation hours 07.02am - 21.42pm Frequency Before 19.02pm: Every Considerations for MARL 15 minutes •• Operational considerations such as pricing and operating hours After 19.02pm: Every 20 • minutes • No direct link to CBD could limit demand • City - Airport time 8 minutes • Dedicated line with differing technology restricts future ability to extend line Rolling Stock Dedicated magnetic •• Opportunities/impact of having no stops levitation rolling stock between the airport and the city

Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 45 minutes Distance 31.9km Bus Average journey time 60 minutes Cost US$5 Train Average journey time 8 minutes Cost US$8

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TOKYO - Monorail Haneda Airport Line

Tokyo Monorail Haneda Airport Line is a monorail system connecting Haneda Airport, to Minato. The trains operate along an elevated line that follows the coast of Tokyo Bay.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • Haneda Airport 77.9 Million • Over 300,000 patrons in 2010 Passengers (per year) •• In August 2014, it was revealed that the line could be extended from Hamamatsucho to Line Length 17.8km Tokyo Station Opened 1964 •• At one point in time, Airlines offered a Average operating speed 45 km/h domestic flights only ticketing facility at No. of stations between 11 Hamamatsucho station Airport and City Operation hours 04.58am - 00.01am Considerations for MARL Frequency Every 4 minutes •• Interchange at the airport should have the user City - Airport time 13 minutes at the front of everything Rolling Stock Dedicated electric rolling •• Possibility of having check in facilities at major stock interchange •• An indirect link to the city (through an interchange) can be a success Comparable transport options Car Average journey time 24 minutes Distance 17.9km Bus Average journey time 40 minutes Cost AU$15 Train Average journey time 13 minutes Cost AU$8

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TORONTO - Union Pearson Express

Union Pearson Express is a dedicated airport rail link that travellers from Toronto Pearson International Airport to , in the heart of downtown Toronto.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information •• Check in kiosks (printing boarding passes and Toronto Pearson Airport 44 Million luggage tags), and live flight information is Passengers (per year) provided at Union Station 23.3km Line Length •• The line is set to be electrified, although no Opened 2015 date has been set Average operating speed 56km/h •• Initial price of CAD$27.50 saw rider numbers No. of stations between 4 (Pearson, Weston, below expectations. In February 2016 there Airport and City Bloor, Union) were 2100 passengers per day. In March 2016 Operation hours 05.30am - 00.10am it was dropped to CAD$12 and passenger numbers increased significantly Frequency Every 15 minutes City - Airport time 25 minutes Rolling Stock Dedicated diesel rolling Considerations for MARL • stock • Possibility of having airline check in facilities at major interchange •• Electrification of line given changing Comparable transport options technology,and desire for zero emissions Car •• Pricing strategy Average journey time 21 minutes Distance 27.3km Union Station check Bus in service •• Passengers can check Average journey time 60-90 minutes in, and print boarding Cost Can$3 passes and luggage tags, but must still Train transport their luggage to Average journey time 25 minutes Pearson Airport to then drop it off with airline Cost CAD$12.35 •• Live flight information is available at Union Station

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LONDON - Gatwick Express

Gatwick Express is a high frequency passenger service operation between the City of London, , then Brighton. The service is integrated into the broader London/South East network, with a dedicated express service operating to the airport.

Key facts - Railway line Additional Information • Gatwick Airport 45 Million • The Gatwick Express was franchised in 1994 Passengers (per year) •• Gatwick Express smart phone application Line Length 43.3km (total) provides live information, and the Opened 1958 opportunity to purchase tickets Average operating speed 50km/h •• Services continuing on to 6 stations mean No. of stations between 2 between city and airport patrons are competing for space on Airport and City Gatwick Airport, a further trains with other commuters 6 beyond Gatwick •• now accepted on service Operation hours 06.15am -11.20pm •• Designated rolling stock provides sufficient Frequency Every 15 minutes passenger comfort and space for luggage City - Airport time 31 minutes •• Public transport to airport mode share (2008): Rolling Stock Electric 31%, 24% of which is rail

Considerations for MARL Comparable transport options •• Potential to integrate the fare structure with Car current metropolitan zoning Average journey time 54 minutes •• Opportunity to use franchising model Distance 27.2km •• Integration of smart technology Bus •• Integration into the wider network could result in overcrowding of service Average journey time 60 minutes •• Interchange should have vast regional and Cost GBP 3 metropolitan rail connections Train Average journey time 31 minutes Cost GBP 14.70

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London Victoria

Gatwick Airport

Haywards Heath

Wivelsfield (London Bound Only)

Burgess Hill

Hassocks

Preston Park

Brighton

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