WORLD SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020

www.sustainableworldports.org TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword 3

1 Introduction 4

1.1 The World Ports Sustainability Program 4 1.2 WPSP Portfolio 5 1.3 WPSP Platform 8 1.4 Integration of the UN SDGs in governance and practice 9

2 Resilient Infrastructure 14

2.1 WPSP Overview 14 2.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 15 2.2.1 Digitalization 15 2.2.2 Climate proof infrastructure 16

3 Climate and Energy 18

3.1 WPSP Overview 18 3.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 19

4 Community Outreach and Port City Dialogue 28

4.1 WPSP Overview 28 4.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 29 4.2.1 Addressing environmental externalities 29 4.2.2 Societal integration of ports 30

5 Safety and Security 31

5.1 WPSP Overview 31 5.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 31

6 Governance and Ethics 33

6.1 WPSP Overview 33 6.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 34

Useful Websites 38

Colophon 38

2 Foreword Introduction

By Patrick Verhoeven 1.1 The World Ports Managing Director - International Association of Ports and Harbors Sustainability Program Coordinator - World Ports Sustainability Program The World Ports Sustainability It was a daunting task, as the port The other main conclusion is also a Program (WPSP) was launched in sector – and the maritime sector in call to action. The WPSP Portfolio and 2018 to contribute to the sustainable general – is notorious for its lack of Platform are dominated by European development of world ports in line with (comparable) data. Rather than striving projects and initiatives, followed at the United Nations (UN) Sustainability for a perfect picture, we decided to dive some distance by Asia and America. Agenda and its 17 Sustainable in pragmatically. This report therefore On the other hand, Oceania is Development Goals (SDGs). The presents a mixture of analysis and punching above its weight, but Africa International Association of Ports descriptive snapshots. We do not claim is hardly present at all. Overall, there and Harbors (IAPH) is leading the academic rigor but would like this report are still almost one hundred IAPH Program in partnership with some of to mark the start of a global reporting member ports out there who have not the world’s major port industry-related process. submitted a single project to the WPSP organizations. In line with its mission, WPSP: Portfolio. There is therefore an urgent Partner organizations include: The report follows the thematic need to bring all ports up to speed. a. Maintains a growing portfolio of best practices by ports around the globe. structure of the World Ports That is not just a matter of outreach b. Provides a platform for projects and initiatives by partnering organizations. Sustainability Program and provides and communication, but above all of information on how ports are investing training and coaching. That is clearly c. Functions as a think-tank and breeding ground for new collaborative projects. in resilient infrastructure, climate and the next step for us to take if we are d. Reports regularly about the sustainability performance of the global ports sector. energy, community outreach and serious about our ambition to develop port-city dialogue, safety and security global leadership of the ports industry Considering the different roles, responsibilities and competences of ports and port and governance and ethics. Each in contributing to the Sustainable community actors, the World Ports Sustainability Program considers the 17 UN chapter starts with an analysis of Development Goals of the United Sustainable Development Goals as a single and indivisible orientation for the sus- the projects that entered the WPSP Nations. tainable development of ports. WPSP implements the UN SDGs along five themes, Portfolio during the past two years. each of them covering a non-exhaustive list of potential topics. This is then followed by updates and I hope you will enjoy reading this first insights derived from initiatives that are World Ports Sustainability Report. promoted under the WPSP Platform. I wholeheartedly thank the WPSP team, Antonis Michail, Victor Shieh RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE When we launched the World Ports We can gather some principal and Fabienne Van Loo, for having Sustainability Program two years ago, conclusions from this first World Ports transformed WPSP from an aspirational WPSP’s mission is to demonstrate our prime objectives were to create an Sustainability Report. It shows that initiative to a thriving programme that global leadership of ports in contributing online portfolio of port sustainability community outreach and port-city delivers added value to the global ports’ to the Sustainable Development Goals CLIATE AND ENERGY projects and to set up a platform that dialogue are on top of ports’ agendas community. I also thank the Board of the United Nations. The program would also offer a think-tank and worldwide. This is hardly surprising, of IAPH for providing the necessary aims to empower port community breeding ground for new sustainability given that ports are granted and funding and support as well as all actors worldwide to engage with initiatives. We have delivered on these maintain their license to operate and project leaders and partners for their business, governmental and societal objectives. With 120 projects from grow by their local communities. contributions. After its first two years, stakeholders in creating sustainable COUNITY OUTREAC PORT CITY DIALOGUE 71 ports, covering 38 countries and Climate and energy and resilient the World Ports Sustainability Program added value for the local communities five continents, the WPSP Portfolio is infrastructure also score relatively high, is now ready to take on the next level and wider regions in which their ports becoming a global treasure trove on no doubt driven by societal, political and achieve its ‘coming of age’! are embedded. sustainable port development. The and commercial pressures to embrace SAFETY AND SECURITY WPSP Platform on the other hand decarbonization and digitalization. On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable can boast a growing range of ongoing Governance and ethics and safety Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 collaborative projects developed with and security would appear to be Agenda for Sustainable Development - our partners and has proved to be underdeveloped areas in need of more adopted by world leaders in September instrumental in generating new content attention. 2015 at a historic UN Summit - GOERNANCE AND ETICS over the past two years. officially came into force. The 17 Goals are all interconnected, universally apply We also had another objective in mind “With 120 projects from 71 ports, covering 38 to all and are the blueprint to achieve a when we set up WPSP and that was countries and five continents, the WPSP Portfolio better and more sustainable future. They address the global challenges humanity WPSP’s mission is to demonstrate global to regularly report on the sustainability is becoming a global treasure trove on sustainable performance of the global ports sector. faces, including those related to poverty, leadership of ports in contributing to the Sustainable With this ‘World Ports Sustainability port development.” inequality, climate change, environmental Report’ we present our first deliverable. degradation, peace and justice. Development Goals of the United Nations.

3 4 1.2 WPSP Portfolio

Since its launch in March 2018, the The practical examples given by Through the WPSP portfolio, ports and The number of port projects that Portfolio currently accounts for 120 followed by Asia (32), America (22), World Ports Sustainability Program has each project can serve as inspiration WPSP partner organizations can raise were submitted to WPSP more than projects developed by 71 ports from 38 Oceania (15) and Africa (1). Some accumulated the most coherent and up- for ports seeking to integrate the UN awareness on their ongoing work on doubled in 2019 with 84 project countries all over the globe. In terms of ports have several different projects to-date global database of port-related Sustainability Development Goals into sustainability, share their experiences submissions in comparison to the 36 geographical representation, European submitted, whilst some collaborative projects on sustainable development. their strategy and day-to-day business. and provide inspiration. projects submitted in 2018. The WPSP port projects dominate with 72 entries, projects involve multiple ports, frequently from different continents.

Continents

Africa 1

Oceania 15

America 22 Europe 72

Asia 32

5 6 The WPSP Project Portfolio is Number of projects per area of interest and evolution 1.3 WPSP Platform classifiable by the five areas of interest and/or by the SDGs they relate to. The The WPSP Platform groups together 2011. It also includes work by WPSP analysis of this content of the Portfolio 2018 2019 TOTAL all the existing projects and initiatives think-tank members with global part- provides a useful insight into the way with a strong IAPH leadership role. ners to assist the global port community ports prioritize each area of interest as Furthermore, the Platform serves as in integrating the UN SDGs into the Resilient 7 31 38 a think-tank and breeding ground for business strategies and governance of well as individual SDGs. Infrastructure new collaborative projects. Hence, the port authorities. As the table demonstrates, ‘Community Platform includes initiatives that have Climate and Outreach and Port City Dialogue’ has already been running successfully for The table below provides an overview Energy 15 28 43 the highest level of activity followed many years. The Environmental Ship of the main initiatives under the WPSP by ‘Climate and Energy’ and ‘Resilient Index (ESI) Working group is one such Platform and maps their relevance to Infrastructure’. Projects targeting Community outreach example, having been first launched in the five WPSP areas of interest. and Port city dialogue 24 44 68 ‘Governance and Ethics’ and ‘Safety and Security’ are lower in number. Safety and 3 8 11 The table also highlights the significant Security increase in the number of projects submitted in all categories. Governance and Community Ethics 8 11 19 Project Resilient Climate and Outreach and Safety and Governance Many of the projects relate to - and are Partners Infrastructure Energy Port-City Security and Ethics Dialogue classified under - multiple areas of interest. IAPH / WPSP Cruise Project The graph below highlights the SDG priorities of ports from an analysis conducted of the 120 projects in the WPSP Portfolio. SDGs and Port Governance This classification serves as a WPSP Projects Portfolio and UN SDGs snapshot of the SDGs where ports Environmental Ship Index 100 feel more inclined to demonstrate actions and progress. The World 90 PortL Ports Sustainability Program aims at Accelerator 80 encouraging the global port sector to 70 continue sharing their experiences World Ports Climate Action Program 60 on given SDGs. At the same time 50 the Program also actively seeks out Clean Marine 40 projects where concrete contributions Fuels 30 by ports in achieving less-commonly Womens’ addressed SDGs can provide NUMBER OF PROJECTS 20 Forum 10 inspiration to others. 0 GloMEEP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The WPSP portfolio offers a wealth UN SDGs of practical information. In line with Navigating a the WPSP commitment to maintain Changing Climate Based on this analysis, the UN SDGs can be classified in five groups, reflecting priorities given its content comprehensive and up by ports. to date, IAPH has linked its annual Port Call Optimization HIGH Sustainability Awards to the WPSP Portfolio. This means that all projects Maritime anti- submitted by IAPH member ports to corruption Network the WPSP Portfolio during a given year automatically qualify as candidates for the World Ports Sustainability Awards.

These awards are built around the WPSP areas of interest and are presented on a yearly basis during the World Ports Conference. The The Platform serves as a think-tank participation in these Awards provides an extra incentive for ports to share and breeding ground for new their best practices. collaborative projects.

LOW Projects as well as awards can be found on https://sustainableworldports.org

7 8 1.4 Integration of the UN SDGs in port governance and practice

In line with its mission to demonstrate ports, the Trade and Logistics branch global leadership of ports in contributing of UNCTAD, UN Global Compact, the to the UN SDGs, and with the support University of , Antwerp Man- of the UNCTAD, WPSP organised a agement School as well as represen- dedicated workshop in March 2019 tatives from banking and shipping. The on the way ports can apply SDGs in group defined and prioritized potential practice. It took place at the UNCTAD port authority actions per UN Sustain- Headquarters in Geneva, gathering able Development Goal and agreed on over 30 delegates from IAPH member a roadmap forward.

Three approaches to the Sustainable Development Goals Organizations usually apply one of the following approaches to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. What matters in the end is that a systematic view is pursued, which focuses on the synergies between the 17 SDGs.

Philanthropic: Initiatives that involve the contribution of money, employee time and products or services in-kind that are not expected to generate commercial returns.

Commercial: Initiatives related to a company’s core business, including innovation around products, services or business models that generate posi- tive sustainable development impact.

Hybrid: Initiatives that align philanthropic capital with core business opera- tions or competencies. This might involve better leveraging the wider skills and assets of a company beyond cash.

Sources: Wayne Visser (2019), Business Fights Poverty & Harvard Kennedy School (2015)

As a follow-up to the Geneva workshop, the World Ports Sustainability Program has developed a practical framework on how ports can implement each of the 17 UN SDGs in practice as outlined on pages 11 -12.

9 10 Application of the 17 UN SDGs in ports

• Devising sustainable port development • Sustainably managing natural resources, • Supporting local projects regarding policies supported by relevant key chemicals and waste nature development and biodiversity performance indicators • Implementing responsible procurement • Recovering and protecting nature and • Digitally optimizing infrastructure and port and sustainable investments in port area biodiversity in the port surroundings operations/processes/services management and development as well • Preventing deforestation through the : • Piloting, testing and implementing as the end-to-end supply chain etc. usage/procurement of sustainably- • Setting a good minimum wage for the • Competence and talent policy for port • Locally producing and/or sourcing innovative IT and digital technologies in • Encouraging circular economy and certified wood and paper port employees and encouraging similar employees renewable energy the port for public and private use industrial reuse and mutually beneficial • Offering nature and environmental practices in the port community • Enhance life-long learning for the port • Supporting research and development on • Foreseeing the adaptation of port use of resources in the port community education programs to employees • Taking responsibility for the application employees clean energy technology infrastructure to withstand climate change • Optimizing port operations/processes/ • Port area development in balance with of ethical standards throughout the • Cooperating with local schools, • Producing and/or recovering energy from • Adapting port infrastructure and services ecosystems supply chain (e.g. working conditions and universities and research centres in industrial waste streams processes to meet market demands • Reducing food wastage and food • Minimising environmental externalities of human rights in developing countries) educational programs, internships and • Investing in energy-efficient port (such as increasing ship size) loss in the production / supply chain (e.g. port operations (e.g. air pollution, noise) • Including sustainability requirements (e.g. port visits. equipment (stationary and mobile • Sustainable port development projects connecting the cruise industry with an Fairtrade label) in procurement • Offering training to port professionals material handling equipment, lighting and • Investing in infrastructure for all transport NGO addressing poverty in your city or • Supporting local communities in need through dedicated institutions technology) modes to enable a balanced modal split region) through social projects targeting • Creating synergies with universities in • Encouraging clean energy initiatives • Minimizing environmental impact of the sustainable growth port research and development projects from third parties (vessels, tenants and port activities • Supporting local social institutions (e.g. operators) through appropriate schools, orphanages, NGOs) instruments (incentives, clauses in lease/ concession agreements) • Constructive dialogue between employer • Providing Onshore Power Supply from and employees renewable sources • Good governance (a clear policy • Improving energy efficiency of port • Providing cleaner (marine) fuels in a safe statement, stakeholder analysis, defined operations, processes and services and efficient manner measurements, consistent reporting ..) • Achieving equality within the port • Enabling the reduction of carbon and • Gender-neutral hiring and remuneration • Optimizing port operations and • Peace initiatives (e.g. peace education independent of gender, origin, belief, greenhouse gas emissions within the policies processes (logistics, port calls) on the work floor, prevention of illegal conviction etc. port area • Supporting local projects targeting the • Promoting women to leadership roles; arms trafficking) provision of food to families/communities training and hiring more women for • Port community initiatives being all- • Adapting port infrastructure and port- • Addressing security: cyber security in need port operational positions (e.g. crane inclusive irrespective of socio-economic related operations to Climate Change measures, commercial and operational • Encouraging the transfer of food operators) background (e.g. supporting sensitive • Providing services to reduce greenhouse data protection, improving the careful use social groups) surpluses out of the warehouses in • Leveling the male/female ratio of port gas emissions at sea and on the and protection of personal data the port to charities, food banks and employees for operational and • Social background-neutral hiring and waterways, as well as the hinterland part • Open dialogue and collaboration with all community organizations managerial positions renumeration policies of the supply chain stakeholders (including emergency • Supporting the trade/storage of Fairtrade • Taking measures that make the port • Achieving economic growth through • Taking responsibility for the application • Producing and/or sourcing renewable services, customs and armed forces) and and other ethically-produced agricultural working environment more attractive to diversification, innovation and of ethical standards throughout the energy availability of a hotline for complaints and products in cooperation with NGOs and women (e.g. separate toilets, promotional technological modernization supply chain (e.g. working conditions and • Encouraging third parties (vessels, questions community organizations campaigns, family-friendly HR-policy) • Generating economic growth in an human rights in third world countries) tenants and operators) to take clean • Transparent internal and external • Financial support to local communities • Sourcing Fairtrade food products for own environmentally sustainable manner energy initiatives, by providing incentives communication in need and social projects targeting catering • Ensuring that economic growth positively and integrating clauses in lease and sustainable growth of neighboring impacts local communities economically concession agreements communities and socially. • Ethical investment and banking • Promoting employment, including opportunities for disadvantaged groups and young people

• Providing drinking water and clean • Striving for a healthy and safe working • Partnerships with local communities for sanitation facilities for port employees environment for all: specific actions port-city relation initiatives • Improving health and safety awareness and visitors (e.g. vessels’ crew, truck related to safety and ergonomics, and • Taking measures to prevent waste from • Partnering with other ports and parties of employees and local communities drivers) creating a good work/life balance ending up in the oceans (e.g. port in the logistics chain in joint projects of through training and transparent • Minimizing/optimizing water consumption • Generating a sustainable model for • Improving sustainable mobility and communication on health and safety risks in the port area reception facilities, fishing for litter, clean- common interest cruise tourism reducing congestion for both employees • Public-private partnerships for funding • Minimizing environmental externalities • Harvesting rainwater for port use up actions) • Taking responsibility for applying ethical and goods and implementing sustainability projects (e.g. air pollution, water pollution, noise) • Promoting sustainable fishing activities • Protecting water-related ecosystems standards throughout the end-to-end • Restoring ecosystems and making the • Establishing supply chain partnerships of port operations and greening of the • Supporting research regarding (e.g. estuaries, wetlands, mangroves) in supply chain (e.g. working conditions and port accessible and attractive for people for ensuring CSR values throughout the port and urban areas sustainable use of maritime resources and around the port area human rights in developing countries) in neighboring urban areas chain • Reducing the emission of CO2, SO2, • Initiatives on sustainable / safe mobility • Projects protecting freshwater resources • Minimizing environmental externalities • Cooperating with other ports for NOx, NH3 from port- related activities to and projects targeting congestion (e.g. wastewater and stormwater of port operations (e.g. air pollution, educational/training purposes (e.g. joint avoid acidification of the oceans • Enhancing port safety and security and treatment) water pollution, noise) port training programs and centers) minimizing risks • Disaster recovery planning • Minimizing water pollution through • Joint research and development projects adequate wastewater treatment facilities • Awareness raising and actions against • Community engagement programs and involving port stakeholders, academia, the use of addictive substances (e.g. initiatives • Protecting coastal and estuarine industry and authorities ecosystems tobacco, alcohol, drugs) • Supporting local communities in need • Protecting habitats and biodiversity in through social projects targeting decent • Minimizing disturbing factors such as and around the port area living and working opportunities that underwater noise for marine mammals generate sustainable growth of neighboring communities

• Supporting local social institutions (e.g. schools, orphanages, NGOs)

11 12 CLIATE AND ENERGY

GOERNANCE AND ETICS

To build further on this framework, employed in ports, port users and their The game will be officially released, WPSP is preparing an innovative communities on their roles in achieving played and tested for the first time 2 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE gaming concept designed to bring the the UN-adopted 2030 Agenda for during the IAPH 2020 World Ports UN Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable Development. Named Conference, held in Antwerp on 17-19 (SDGs) to life for ports around the ‘Port Endeavor’, the game provides March. world. Based on the data gathered as practical guidance on how to deal with 2.1 WPSP Overview Winner of IAPH 2019 Award: to how ports apply SDGs in practice, the environmental, social and economic Abu Dhabi Ports - mPCS the gaming concept is designed to train challenges faced by all parties when The theme ‘Resilient Infrastructure’ aims at anticipating, both physically and digitally, Single Window System to the and increase awareness of people addressing the 17 UN SDGs. demands of maritime transport and landside logistics, at being resilient to changes in climate and weather conditions whilst at the same time developing in harmony World with local communities, COUNITY nature and heritage. OUTREAC PORT CITY DIALOGUE Playing cards from the Port Endeavor game Technology enabling efficient data exchange between all port community Interest of ports players is vital to ensure streamlined Number of projects on Resilient Infra- 38 processes and port operations. CLERKEMOUTH structure / total projects in the WPSP ⁄ Portfolio 120 The Abu Dhabi Ports Single Window HARBOR Operational WEIR PORT SAFETY AND SECURITY Portal (mPCS) was first developed model: Operational Urban in 2014 and is now operated and Landlord port proximity: model: HinterlandLandlord port enhanced by Abu Dhabi Ports Close connect: Urban proximity: Main relevant SDGs subsidiary MAQTA Gateway LLC. Dominant Multi-modal business: Remote Hinterland The portal is currently operational Presence of Dominant connect: Cargo business: in five ports and 54 private jetties. industry: Multi-modal Ye s Cargo Presence of Integrated with twenty shipping lines, industry: Clerkemouth is a historical city port, located partly in the heart it covers more than hundred services Weir Port is a relatively new port, located largely on reclaimed of the city. Nonetheless, the harbor is predominantly a cargo port. land, at 50 km from the city center and its wider suburbanYe s area. Passenger traffic is very limited. It has two competing semi-automated container terminals and is from seaside to hinterland. It is the home to a major petrochemical refining and manufacturing hub. The port authority owns the land and leases out all cargo handling first solution in the Middle East to operations. It is a fully multi-modal port well connectedThe to harbor rail and and its surrounding land are owned by the local dis- inland waterway. trict but given in long-term concession to the port authority. The achieve PCS-to-PCS integration, and is port has lease agreements with private terminal operators and Heavy industry is established in the port area throughindustrial concessions companies. and lease agreements with the port authority. connected with three single windows, and Weir Port is well-connected by road, rail, inland waterway and eleven ports in China, and . pipeline. Main focus areas 1. IT-assisted optimization of port operations (12/38) By the end of 2018, the platform was 2. IT assisted optimization of the supply chain (14/38) estimated to have saved the entire 3. Adaptation of infrastructure and ecosystems management for responding community a total of 76,800 man-days, to climate change effects (6/38) 3.75 million physical trips, 27.3 tons of 4. Port planning and development to accommodate market demands and CO2 emissions, and AED 421.6 million stakeholders’ interests (6/38) (USD $115 million).

CLIMATE AND ENERGY Almost one third of the port projects in the WPSP Portfolio relates to ‘Resilient COMMUNITY OUTREACH & Infrastructure’. Two thirds of these projects apply digital solutions in order to PORT CITY DIALOGUE optimize the sustainability of both port operations and processes as well as of the logistics and supply chain. Port community systems and data exchange systems between various stakeholders are dominant here, while other digital solutions focus Ports subscribe to the Paris Agreement climate goal that aims to WPSP keep global warming well below 2°C. Port community actors Localcan: communities grant and renew ports’ licenses to operate. Consequently, they allow them to grow. In return, sustainable ports on environmental monitoring and management of operations. effectively address the social and environmental impact of port » Collaborate in refining and developing tools to facilitateoperations. They strive towards continuous improvement through: reduction of CO2 emissions and greenhouse gas from shipping, port and landside operations » Involvement of all port community stakeholders in sustain- Fewer projects work on the adaptation of port infrastructure and the management CARD » Take initiatives to enable energy transition, improve ableenergy port development projects, from beginning to end. efficiency and stimulate circular economy » holders Engagement by offering themof port innovative, community mutually actors beneficialwith urban stake- of ecosystems for responding to the effects of climate change, such as extreme solutions to make their cities more attractive and resilient weather events, or rise in sea level. Regardless of the well-established mitigation

Relevant SDG’s: Inspiring examples efforts by ports, climate change adaptation is of utmost significance. WPSP actively Relevant SDG’s: encourages ports to also focus their efforts in this field and share their experiences

Inspiring examples through the WPSP Portfolio.

Finally, a relatively small number of projects under the Resilient Infrastructure theme address port planning and development work to accommodate for market trends and demands such as larger vessels as well as stakeholder interests.

13 14 Resilient infrastructure chapter Antwerp, , Busan, Felixstowe, understanding, provides technical A totalExtreme of 53 ports weather responded survey – to53 the sur- 2.2 Selective initiatives and A Port Community System 2.2.2 Climate proof port responses data insights Indonesia, Montreal, Panama, (PCS): infrastructure support, and builds capacity on vey with half of the responses coming Rotterdam, Shanghai, Shenzhen and climate change. It encourages owners, from European ports. Resilient infrastructure in the WPSP Singapore. The initiative is supported • is a neutral and open electronic The effects of climate change such operators and users of waterborne context encompasses both digital and by the Global Institute of Logistics. platform enabling intelligent and as sea level rise and increase in the transport infrastructure to reduce physical port infrastructure which can secure exchange of information frequency and magnitude of extreme operational greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to changes and demands and Courtesy PORT XCHANGE between public and private weather events have a direct impact strengthen resilience and improve ensure the long-term sustainability of a stakeholders in order to improve the on port operations and infrastructure. preparedness to adapt to the changing port and its operations. competitive position of the sea and It is vital for ports to act to strengthen America climate. 13 air ports’ communities. resilience and adapt their infrastructure 2.2.1 Digitalization and relevant operations to the changing • optimizes, manages and automates Europe climate. Digitalization can assist ports to port and logistics processes through 25 Asia enhance the efficiency of processes a single submission of data and 8 and operations, ensuring that they connecting transport and logistics Navigating a Changing become more environmentally chains. Climate and survey on The NaCC partners identified that a Oceania sustainable, economically efficient lack of data on the consequences extreme weather events 7 and capable of handling increased Digitalization also serves trade The core PCS benefits for all parties of inaction is a potential barrier to Navigating a Changing Climate (NaCC) port traffic. Advances in automation facilitation, removing administrative involved are higher efficiency and justifying investments in improving is an initiative launched in 2015 by and new innovative technologies, burden and simplifying data exchange speed regarding port processes, climate-resilience. Therefore, in May the World Association for Waterborne including Artificial Intelligence (AI), between parties in the supply chain. particularly through automation and the 2019 NaCC devised and launched 49 extreme weather events were Transport Infrastructure (PIANC). NaCC big data, Internet of Things (IoT) and reduction of paperwork. In this way, a survey in order to gauge just how reported in detail. The most dominant brings together a multi-stakeholder blockchain, offer great opportunities for In line with the provisions of the PCSs contribute to sustainable much impact extreme weather and characteristics of the reported events coalition of nine associations with ports. In this context the ‘Smart Port’ World Trade Organisation (WTO) transport logistics and support the oceanographic events are having on included extreme wind, followed by ex- interests in waterborne transport concept has emerged. Smart Ports Trade Facilitation Agreement and ambitions to meet global carbon ports around the world. The survey also treme waves, rainfall and overtopping infrastructure. use technology solutions to increase the IMO’s Convention on Facilitation reduction requirements. considered wider issues, for example incidents. of International Maritime Traffic efficiency and improve security. Source: International Port Community the role of warning systems and (FAL Convention), Member States Systems Association (IPCSA) contingency plans. are implementing Single Window ChainPORT systems. Trade-related information The survey has been developed to ChainPORT is an and documentation should only be gather aggregate, high-level data on international partner- submitted once at a single-entry point extreme weather and oceanographic It is vital for ports to act ship between the using a Single Window. By expediting events experienced by ports. to strengthen resilience world’s leading ports. Members share and simplifying information flows Furthermore it focused on costs and knowledge, learn from one another, between trade and government, all consequences in terms of damage, and adapt their co-develop innovations and highlight parties involved in cross-border trade clean-up and additional maintenance infrastructure and common topics of interest. The aim, stand to gain. costs, as well as those associated with through solid debate on the effects of closures, downtime and delays. relevant operations to the the digital revolution, is to optimally In parallel, developing Single Windows The full results of the survey will be changing climate. apply technology using existing systems push ports to look closer at The partners of the Navigating a presented during the IAPH 2020 World infrastructure, and ensure future Business-to-Business information Changing Climate (NaCC) initiative are Ports Conference in Antwerp and the investments secure long-term payback. exchange in the port community committed to work together to support publication of a full report by the NaCC The ports of Hamburg and and the logistics chain. This drives the inland and maritime navigation partners will follow later in 2020. Some spearhead ChainPORT in close the development of Port Community infrastructure sector as they respond key preliminary findings are outlined in Courtesy Port of Brisbane cooperation with partnering ports of Systems (PCS). to climate change. NaCC furthers this section.

Courtesy Port of Brisbane

15 16 PIANC Report - Climate Main extreme weather events characteristics Change Adaptation Planning CLIATE AND ENERGY

100 for Ports and Inland Waterways 90 80 Early 2020, PIANC released its 3.1 WPSP Overview Winner of IAPH 2019 ‘Climate Change Adaptation Planning 70 Ports subscribe to the Paris Climate Agreement goal which aims to keep the in- Award: Port of Amsterdam for Ports and Inland Waterways’ guide. 60 crease in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. – Integrated Green Energy The guide, prepared by international Port community actors can collaborate in refining and developing tools to facilitate 50 GOERNANCE AND ETICS Solutions experts of PIANC’s Working Group 178, reduction of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, port and 40 introduces the potential consequences landside operations. In addition, they can take initiatives to enable energy transition, In developing circular economy 30 of climate change and some of the improve energy efficiency and stimulate circular economy. initiatives, port authorities work together 20 challenges to be addressed if ports with their industrial clusters to generate PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE and waterways are to adapt effectively. their own energy and give new 10 It then introduces a four-stage Interest of ports economic purpose to waste products. 0 methodological framework to help port Wind Extreme Rainfall Over- High flow/ Extreme Extreme Low Sediment Fog Other Number of projects on Climate and waves topping strong cold/ heat flow or debris (dust) and waterway owners and operators 2 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE43 One highly innovative example can be currents/ snow/ transport Energy/ total projects in the WPSP plan for improved resilience. ⁄ high water ice jam Portfolio 120 found with the construction of a plant levels/surge in the Port of Amsterdam transforming Resilient infrastructure chapter • Stage 1 facilitates understanding of plastic to diesel, with the aim of how assets, operations and systems 45% ofExtreme the reported weather events survey were– percieved Only 15% respondents have an processing 35,000 tons of plastic into significance of event could be impacted and who should considered to have a “significant or extreme weather risk assessment, Main relevant SDGs 30 million liters of fuel annually. This be involved in identifying climate critical” effect in terms of port closure or contingency plan and warning has the potential to result in a reduction change adaptation requirements. downtime. system in place. Nearly a quarter of of approximately 57,270 tons of COUNITY OUTREAC PORT CITYCO2 DIALOGUE emissions, as the fuel produced respondents have no formal procedures • Stage 2 identifies the type of Critical emits 80% less CO2 compared to in place to deal with extreme events. climate-related information needed to Not regular diesel. applicable prepare an adaptation strategy, and Warning and response systems explains how reference to climate change scenarios can assist in Not in place (53 responses) significant understanding the range of possible Significant 60% future changes. Main focus areas SAFETY AND SECURITY 50% • Stage 3 describes how the 1. Initiatives to reduce GHG emissions from ships (16/43) vulnerability of waterborne transport 2. Increasing the efficiency of port operations (11/43) Moderate 40% infrastructure assets, operations and 3. Clean and renewable energy production, demonstration and systems can be assessed and a risk implementation projects (9/43) 30% analysis undertaken. 4. Ecosystems management for carbon capture and adaptation to climate • Stage 4 presents a portfolio of change (4/43) 20% In terms of the frequency and potential measures (structural, 5. Circular economy (3/43) magnitude of the experienced events, operational and institutional) to be 41% of respondents indicated that the 10% considered when developing an event was “unprecedented”. In addition, adaptation pathway. More than one third of the port projects in the WPSP Portfolio address the Climate 0% more than half of the respondents Risk Contingency Warning No system and Energy area of interest. GHG emission reduction from ships is the highest assessment plan system in place indicated that this type of event is being procedure Sixteen international good practice priority in this category. Initiatives include providing onshore power supply, experienced more frequently. case studies are appended to the incentivising best-performing vessels, investing in infrastructure to supply low guidance, along with various templates carbon fuels and port call optimization. This is in line with the international policy to be used for data collection and developments at the level of the International Maritime Organization and its Initial Comments on the frequency and magnitude of events record keeping. Strategy on GHG emission reduction, which aims at least halving emissions from international shipping by 2050, compared to 2008 levels. The guide also provides support to the recent PIANC Declaration on Climate Other stakeholders were also affected The second priority is improving energy efficiency of operations in the port area. Change. It enables PIANC members This is being achieved through innovative processes and technologies addressing A warning would have helped and the wider navigation infrastructure the production, demonstration and implementation of clean and renewable energy A warning helped to minimize effects community to take timely action to in ports. So far, few of the submitted projects address the issues around circular strengthen resilience and adapt port economy and the management of ecosystems for carbon capture and adaptation to This was an unprecedented or exceptional event and waterway infrastructure and climate change. This type of event being experienced more often operations to the effects of climate change. Finally, the guide fulfils the part 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 of the NaCC Action Plan, which is to Percentage of respondents (Total of 49) develop and deliver technical guidance on climate change adaptation.

17 18 3.2 Selected initiatives and provision of onshore power supply and investment in future projects. This equipped to use available onshore data insights (preferably from renewable sources); practical guidance materialized within power, and which demonstrate fuel safe and efficient bunkering of the framework of the GEF-UNDP-IMO efficiency improvements over time, alternative low-carbon and zero-carbon GloMEEP project. reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and The IMO GHG strategy and fuels; incentives promoting sustainable particulate matter (PM) emissions. ESI the Ports Resolution low-carbon and zero-carbon shipping; Emissions toolkits (three for ships and scores range from zero that indicates In April 2018, IMO’s Marine and support for the optimization of port two for ports) have been developed ship’s legal compliance to hundred Environment Protection Committee calls including facilitation of just-in-time within the framework of GloMEEP that indicates close to zero exhaust (MEPC) adopted an Initial Strategy arrival of ships. The Resolution was to enable countries to understand emissions. As such, the ESI score on the reduction of greenhouse gas initiated by the Canadian government the nature of emissions from ships is a perfect indicator of the exhaust emissions from ships, setting out a and IAPH and was co-sponsored by at sea and in ports, and to formulate emissions’ performance of ocean- vision to reduce GHG emissions from several other Member States and strategies to reduce them. Alongside going vessels and assists in identifying international shipping and to eventually NGOs. these toolkits, additional studies have cleaner ships that proactively go phase them out, as soon as possible been made on emissions detection, beyond legal compliance. within this century. More specifically, In line with the focus areas of the control and the potential use of the Initial Strategy envisages a Resolution, IAPH is committed alternative fuels. Furthermore, a series ESI operates on a purely voluntary

reduction in total GHG emissions from to concrete initiatives on port call of workshops was held in several Courtesy Port of basis. Through ESI, ports and other international shipping by at least 50% optimization, port incentives for port locations. These helped to raise interested parties can promote by 2050 compared to 2008, while energy-efficient vessels, clean marine awareness, training participants on how ships to use cleaner engines and pursuing efforts to phase them out fuels, and onshore power supply as to conduct emissions inventories and is for lower costs, cleaner environment, Incentive schemes - fuels and with preferential treatment entirely. highlighted in the sections below. develop emission reduction strategies more reliability and safety for shipping, Environmental Ship Index offered either through discounts on Furthermore, and following the in the port area. port dues, bonuses or other benefits terminals and ports. (ESI) ​In October 2018, IMO approved a cooperative spirit of the resolution, commensurate with the level of follow-up program, intended for use IAPH works closely with the Port Call Optimization and The Taskforce has mapped out a Ports can encourage vessels to cleanliness. as a planning tool in meeting these International Chamber of Shipping Just-In-Time arrival of vessels complete definition of the port call become more environmentally friendly timelines. It broadly identified candidate (ICS) in further and jointly achieving process from a physical, technical, legal by applying incentives to best- The ESI vessel register now accounts short-term and medium/long-term progress in all these four fields. Port call optimization helps reducing and data exchange perspective. This performing vessels. Established by for over 8,000 oceangoing vessels, with measures needing further examination. greenhouse gas emissions from is the result of five years of research IAPH back in 2011, the Environmental 58 incentive providers having signed Global Maritime Energy shipping, next to producing efficiency and cooperation between the industry Ship Index (ESI) is the main global up since its foundation nine years ago. and safety gains. The International In May 2019, MEPC 74 adopted Efficiency Partnerships partners to a point where the next step index for the provision of port incentives The Index contains over half of the Harbor Masters Association (IHMA) and to cleaner vessels. world’s container vessels, with tankers Resolution MEPC.323(74), which (GloMEEP) will involve agreeing on a standard data invites Member States to encourage IAPH endorse and promote the work of format for information exchange. Once (gas, chemical and oil) accounting voluntary cooperation between the port IAPH, in collaboration with the the International Taskforce on Port Call this important milestone is achieved, ESI identifies seagoing ships that for 28% of the total ships registered. and shipping sectors to contribute to IMO, identified a need for technical Optimization, which aims at improving the aim is to incorporate port call perform better in reducing air emissions Since its inception in 2011, the number reducing GHG emissions from ships. guidance on emissions and energy quality and availability of master and optimization as an industry standard than required by the current emission of ESI-registered vessels, incentive The Resolution promotes regulatory, efficiency to support port operators event data which will deliver benefits with global recognition. standards of the International Maritime providers and improved ESI average technical, operational and economic and developers in their planning as to ports, shipping lines, terminals, Organization. scores demonstrate the overall success actions in the port sector, such as the part of their operational management service providers and society. The aim The Taskforce has provided input to of the scheme. the IMO Global Industry Alliance (GIA) The ESI formula evaluates the amount to Support Low Carbon Shipping, of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulphur The map on the following pages high- which is a public-private partnership oxide (SOx) that is emitted by a ship. lights the ports that are currently providing initiative under the framework of the The calculation also rewards vessels incentives based on the ESI index. IMO GloMEEP project. This aims to bring together maritime industry leaders to support an energy-efficient and low-carbon maritime transport system. One of the focus areas of the Alliance is Evolution of ESI registered vessels (2011 - 2020) Just-In-Time (JIT) arrival of ships. The Alliance is holding JIT trials and has 9000 developed a practical guide to support 8000 implementation of JIT. 7000

Until now, the Global Industry Alliance 6000 has operated under the IMO GloMEEP 5000 program, and is connected to the 4000 work of the International Taskforce 3000 on Port Call Optimization. Moving 2000 ahead, further work on port call optimization will become part of the 1000 IMO’s GreenVoyage-2050 project in 0 collaboration with the government of 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Patrick Verhoeven (IAPH), Caroline Kroes (Port of Rotterdam), Sakura Kuma (Yokohama Kawasaki Port) and Lisa Wunder (Port of Los Angeles) presenting port initiatives to decarbonise shipping at IMO MEPC 73. Norway.

19 20 Map of ESI Ports

NORWA NETHERLANDS SWEDEN Port of Oslo Port of Amstredam Port of Gothenberg Port of Alesund Port of Rotterdam Port of Bergen FRANCE Groningen Seaports Port of Kristiansand Tata Steel 1 Ijmuiden Terminals Port of Le Havre DENMARK Port of Stravanger Zeeland Seaports Port of Flm and Gudvangen Ports of Paris Port of Aarhus Atlantic Port La Rochelle Port of Flor Port of Rouen Haropa FINLAND Port Authority of Fredrikstad & Sarpsborg Grand Port Maritime de Marseille Port of Helsinki Ltd Karmsund Port Authority Grand Port Maritime de la Réunion Port of Drammen Grand Port Maritime de Bordeaux Port of Trondheim Dunkerque Port UK Port of London Authority

GERMAN Hamburg Port Authority CANADA Ports of Bremen/Bremerhaven ESTONIA Seehaven Kiel Gmbh & Co KG Prince Rupert Port Authority Port of Tallinn Brunsbttel Ports GMBH Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Port of Rostock Niedersachsen Ports Jade Wesser Port

BELGIUM Port of Ghent Port Company JAPAN Port of Tokyo Port of Yokohama

USA Port of Los Angeles SPAIN The Port Authority of OMAN New York & New Jersey Port Authority of Barcelona SOUTH KOREA Port of Sohar Busan Port Authority Ulsan Port Authority

ISRAEL PANAMA Port of Ashdod Panama Canal Authority

AUSTRALIA NSW Ports Port of Buenos Aires

NEW ZEALAND Port Nelson Limited

21 22 Evolution of ESI Average vessel score

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Evolution of ESI incentive providers

60

50

40

30

20

10 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

The ESI Working Group works in close cooperation with other existing incentive schemes such as Green Award and the Clean Shipping Index (CSI). Courtesy Port of Rotterdam

Clean Marine Fuels CMF embeds and builds on the operational information to promote OPS previous work of IAPH on the safe installations in ports. The IAPH Clean Marine Fuels (CMF) bunkering of Liquefied Natural Gas Working Group aims to assist ports (LNG) as marine fuel and aims to The map on the following page to establish safe and efficient bunker transfer the lessons learned and highlights the 66 ports in sixteen operations as they migrate towards experience acquired to all alternative countries that currently provide high clean marine fuel provision. The goal is fuels that the shipping industry will be voltage OPS for sea-going vessels. to support the transition of the shipping selecting to use on its pathway towards industry towards decarbonization and It is interesting to note that back in 2011 de-carbonization. improve air quality. when IAPH produced its overview of ports providing OPS, there were sixteen The Working Group aims to Onshore Power Supply ports with high voltage connections. simultaneously tackle climate change The provision of onshore power supply Nowadays 66 ports provide high and improve air quality by focusing on (OPS) to ships at berth, for them to voltage OPS. safe bunker operations for new fuels, connect to the grid and turn-off their which can ultimately contribute to both engines, has long been identified as Current developments overall objectives ‘from well to propeller’. an effective solution to reduce air demonstrate that OPS is gaining Through an open, data-sharing pollution in ports and overall GHG momentum with an increasing number information platform, the Working emissions from vessels. Back in of ports working on implementation Group is building a knowledge base 2009, IAPH established a working projects. that will enable ports to supply and group on OPS that developed a transfer clean marine fuels to ships. website with all relevant technical and

23 24 Map of high voltage OPS facilities

NORWA SWEDEN Agotnes Bergen Kapellskr Dusavik Karlskrona Floro Stockholm Kristiansand Trelleborg Kristiansund Ystad DENMARK Larvik Vrtahamnen Frederikshavn Orkanger Visby Helsingborg Oslo FINLAND Helsingor Sanderfjord Kemi Stord Kotka CANADA Trondheim Oulu Halifax Montreal Prince Rupert NETHERLANDS LATVIA Quebec Rotterdam Liepaja Vancouver Hoek van Holland Riga

GERMAN USA FRANCE Cuxhaven Brooklyn Antibes Hamburg Dunkerque Kiel Hueneme BELGIUM Marseille Lubeck Juneau Antwerp Los Angeles Zeebrugge CHINA Long Beach Guangzhou Oakland Lianyungang San Diego Ningbo Zhoushan San Francisco SPAIN MALTA ITAL Qingdao Seattle Palma de Mallorca Delimara Ancona Shanghai Tacoma Genoa Shenzhen Livorno

INDIA Tuticorin

Sources: Friends of the Earth International (2018), DNV GL (2020), European Alternative Fuels Observatory (2019), World Ports Sustainability Program (2020), International Association of Ports and Harbors (2011)

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2 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE

Getting to Zero Coalition numbers to be radically scaled up Authority of New York & New Jersey, through the 2030s and 2040s. This will Port of Amsterdam and HAROPA Port The Getting to Zero Coalition is a COUNITY OUTREAC PORT CITY DIALOGUE require both developing the vessels of Le Havre. powerful alliance of more than 100 as well as the future fuel supply chain, companies within the maritime, energy, which can only be done through close infrastructure and finance sectors, collaboration and deliberate collective 4.1 WPSP Overview Winners IAPH 2019 Awards supported by key governments and action between the maritime industry, Ports are granted and maintain their license to operate and to grow by their local In line with the high number of projects international non-governmental the energy sector, the financial organizations, including IAPH. The communities. Sustainable ports effectively address the social and environmental and their diversified focus, two sub- sector, and governments and non- impact of port operations and strive towards continuously improving the way they categories were defined for the 2019 Coalition was launched during the UN governmental organizations. SAFETY AND SECURITY Climate Action Summit in New York in work. Sustainable port development projects need port community stakeholder IAPH Sustainability Awards competition September 2019 and is committed to involvement right from the start and until completion. Furthermore, port community - 'Port Development and License The Getting to Zero Coalition is an WPCAP focuses on five main areas: getting commercially viable deep sea actors can actively engage urban stakeholders by offering them innovative, to Operate’ and one addressing initiative of the Global Maritime Forum, efficiency of supply chains, common zero-emission vessels powered by zero- mutually-beneficial projects that help make their city more attractive and resilient. ‘Externalities of Port Operations’. with project partners including the and ambitious policy, power-to-ship emission fuels into operation by 2030. World Economic Forum and Friends of solutions, low carbon fuels and Winner ‘Port Development Ocean Action. decarbonization of cargo handling. Interest of ports and License to Operate’: Port Number of projects on Community of Busan – Reinventing un- WPSP works closely with WPCAP and 68 World Ports Climate Action Outreach / total projects in the WPSP ⁄ used port space project the WPSP Platform will be hosting 120 Program Portfolio the outcomes of the various WPCAP The Port of Busan in South Korea The World Ports Climate Action working groups, disseminating embarked on an ambitious fifteen- Program (WPCAP) is an international knowledge acquired and progress Main relevant SDGs year renovation project of unused initiative by leading ports around the achieved. waterfront space which was citizen- world that have committed to cooperate led by an advisory committee using To reach the IMO GHG emission in taking climate action. The participating the website valueforbusan.com to reduction goals and to make the ports include: Port of Rotterdam, Port brainstorm ways of best using the transition to full decarbonization of Los Angeles, Port of Long Beach, space for the community. It has possible, commercially viable zero- Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, Port resulted in the creation of a 7,400 emission vessels must start entering of Hamburg, Port of Antwerp, Port of square meter swimming pool complex, the global fleet by 2030, with their Barcelona, Port of Gothenburg, Port an 8,900 square meter campsite and a free outdoor foot spa, which provides Main focus areas low price access and free events to 1. Initiatives that address environmental externalities (such as air and water low-income families and has generated pollution, noise, waste) (31/68) local employment for youth and older 2. Initiatives addressing societal needs and demands (e.g. recreation, green community members. spaces, education, culture, heritage and local economy) (20/68) 3. Protection of ecosystems and biodiversity and ecological recovery Winner ‘Externalities of Port projects (10/68) Operations’: CIVITAS PORTIS 4. Sustainable port management, planning and development (9/68) Civitas Portis is a collaborative project testing innovative and sustainable mobility solutions in the port cities Community Outreach and Port City Dialogue is the most popular WPSP area of of Aberdeen, Antwerp, Constanta, interest in terms of port projects, counting for more than half of the total. This is a Klaipéda and Trieste. The project is very broad category, grouping together all initiatives addressing the environmental coordinated by the city of Antwerp impact of port operations as well as all those targeting societal integration. and involves the city of Ningbo as an observer.

These cities work together on innovative and sustainable solutions to improve access to their cities and ports. The participating cities serve as living labs and implement integrated mobility measures, such as introducing low–emission waterborne passenger services, building safe bike lane networks and migrating public transport services from carbon fuels to electric Courtesy Port of Helsinki Courtesy Port of Busan power.

27 28 4.2 Selected initiatives and NEPTUNES project voluntary module during 2020. Ports 4.2.2 Societal Integration of data insights that wish to do so will be able to use ports WPSP supported and promoted the the NEPTUNES-based ESI noise 4.2.1 Addressing environ- collaborative project NEPTUNES module to assess and reward vessel AIVP Agenda 2030 mental externalities (Noise Exploration Program To noise performance. In 2018 the International Association Understand Noise Emitted by Seagoing Local air quality is a top environmen- of Cities and Ports (AIVP) launched ships), inspired by the god of the sea in Furthermore, NEPTUNES developed a tal priority for ports worldwide. When the AIVP Agenda 2030 in line with the Roman religion (Neptunus). Best Practice Guide with a wide variety focusing on ship exhaust emissions as United Nations (UN) 2030 Sustainability of measures for the control of noise a means to improving air quality, most Agenda and its 17 Sustainable generated by seagoing ships at berth. of the initiatives that were described Development Goals (SDGs). The AIVP Courtesy Port of Huelva under the Climate and Energy section Agenda 2030 translates the global such as the GloMEEP project, Onshore ECOPORTS governance SDGs into the context challenges for sustainable port cities, Following the two first editions, ESPO Power Supply, the Environmental Ship of port-cities, helping port and urban with 46 measures for action. Each AIVP decided to focus every year on one Index and the Clean Marine Fuels stakeholders prepare projects and goal connects to several SDGs, with specific aspect of social integration. Working Groups are equally important plans that contribute to sustainable the aim of inspiring port and city actors The themes addressed so far include: and relevant. development and port-city relationships. to act following the AIVP Agenda 2030, creative strategies to communicate and to maximize their investment and the port to the wider public (2011), EcoPorts is a key environmental Port cities are at the front line of IAPH Cruise project resources. youth (2012), heritage (2013), management initiative of the European challenges facing sustainable innovative environmental projects In October 2019, IAPH launched a Complaints about noise from sea-going port sector. It was initiated by a number development. Coastal regions suffer (2014), relationship with schools project dedicated to the environmental vessels at berth are increasingly of ports in 1997 and has been fully some of the worst consequences ESPO Award on Societal and universities (2015), nature in performance of cruise vessels. While becoming an environmental issue. integrated into the European Sea Ports of climate change. However, port integration ports (2016), the arts and cultural the cruise industry offers substan- Building on sustainable port Organisation (ESPO) since 2011. The cities are also best placed for testing In 2009, the European Sea Ports involvement of the port (2017) and tial economic and social benefits to development and operation, it is overarching aim of EcoPorts is to raise innovative solutions for energy Organisation (ESPO) established ports as a good working environment their destinations, public focus is also necessary to investigate the origin and awareness on environmental protection transition, mobility and cultural the annual ESPO Award on Societal for everyone (2018). growing on the environmental impact characteristics of the noise emitted by by cooperating and sharing knowledge development. The AIVP Agenda 2030 Integration of Ports. of the air and noise emissions at ports. ships at berth and how to reduce it. between ports and improving has ten goals in terms of the main The 2019 theme was ‘Transparency Aside from adopting IMO Regulations Eleven ports from Europe, , environmental management. The Award promotes efforts made by and Guidelines to reduce air emissions, and Canada joined forces to research and the role of social media in reaching different European ports to enhance the out to the local community’. Port of some authorities and cruise destina- the causes and characteristics of noise EcoPorts offers two main tools for port 01 02 port-city relations through innovative Dover was awarded the ESPO Award tions are starting to take local actions generated by moored seagoing vessels environmental management: The Self CLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY TRANSITION projects. An independent jury of 2019 in recognition of its successful in isolation with potentially undesirable and how to mitigate it. Diagnosis Methodology (SDM) and the ADAPTION & CIRCULAR international experts selects a winner strategy to reach out to the local consequences as the industry moves to Port Environmental Review System Preparing city ports for ECONOMY the consequences of Innovative sustainable on an annual basis. More than 160 community and to directly communicate new levels of compliance. NEPTUNES developed a universal (PERS). The EcoPorts Self Diagnosis climate change energy and industry for city port territories port projects have been submitted with its port citizens. noise measurement protocol Methodology (SDM) provides the to compete for the ESPO Award on The cruise industry needs a coordi- applicable for various sea-vessel means for ports to self-evaluate their societal integration of ports since it was nated, global approach from ports to types in every seaport. To classify environmental management and allows 03 04 established in 2009. comply with global regulations. For this and compare vessels based on their them to compare their performance SUSTAINABLE RENEWED reason, IAPH recognized the need to noise performance, the project team against the sector benchmark. The MOBILITY GOVERNANCE Finging new mobility Using innovative improve transparency and clarity in the developed guidelines for a vessels’ EcoPorts Port Environmental Review connecting city and port governance for sustainable port cities way cruise shipowners and operators noise labelling scheme. WPSP adopted System (PERS) is the only port sector- provide ports with data on ship emis- this labelling scheme and it will be specific environmental management sions and launched a dedicated project integrated in the Environmental Ship standard and is independently certified. to address this. Index (ESI) formula as a separate, 05 06 ESPO fully operates EcoPorts and INVESTING IN PORT CULTURE & HUMAN CAPITAL IDENTITY Courtesy Port of Montreal Courtesy Port of its tools in Europe, while EcoPorts is Human capital for port and Local port identity as a key social development asset for sustainable also available outside Europe through relationship the ECO Sustainable Logistics Chain Foundation (ECOSLC), acting as an ESPO-approved contact organization 07 08 for non-European ports. QUALITY FOOD PORT CITY FOR ALL INTERFACE City ports are crucial for Port city interface is a There are currently 136 ports worldwide sustainable food resource to mix di erent in the EcoPorts network, 106 of which distribution programs are European. In addition, 49 ports worldwide are PERS certified, including 27 in Europe. 09 10 HRALTH & LIFE PROTECTING QUALITY BIODIVERSITY Having good living City ports biodiversity conditions a priority for must be preserved and the city port protected

Courtesy Port of Amsterdam Courtesy Port of Huelva

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COUNITY OUTREAC PORT CITY DIALOGUE

SAFETY AND SECURITY

5.1 WPSP Overview Winner IAPH 2019 Award: A mixture of regulatory duties and responsibilities exists when it comes to ensuring Port of Antwerp - PIN Project safety and security of ship and cargo operations within the port as well as the As a fine example of community enforcement of applicable laws and regulations in these fields. With the advance response to security threats, the Port of global terrorism, cross-border criminality and the rise of digitalization, security Information Network (PIN) Project problems have obtained an entirely new dimension. has brought companies located and working within the port area of 130 km² together to jointly report on any suspi- Interest of ports cious activities. (Number of projects on Safety and 11 ⁄ Security / total projects in the WPSP 120 Coordinated by the Port Authority, PIN Portfolio) enables member companies to report situations quickly and simultaneously, sharing and receiving selected mes- Main relevant SDGs sages in real time about events in their immediate vicinity. Joining PIN is free of charge and more than 450 port compa- nies joined PIN from its inception.

5.2 Selected initiatives and data insights Courtesy Port of Los Angeles LNG Bunker Supplier Accreditation Model and Main focus areas impose safe operations and makes checklists for implementation in ports: The paper will highlight why cyber- bunkering checklists 1. Health and safety emergency preparedness and response (4/11) LNG bunker suppliers comply with each Truck-to-Ship, Ship-to-Ship and Bunker security is such a vital subject for 2. Port area security (4/11) The IAPH Clean Marine Fuels (CMF) port’s qualification criteria in order to Station-to-Ship. port communities and will address Working Group has developed an attain a license for performing LNG the importance of using a common 3. Cybersecurity (3/11) LNG bunker suppliers’ accreditation bunker operations. With the IAPH The CMF Working Group embeds and language for this issue in the context model which ports can use as a base tool, a port can license a bunkering builds on previous work of IAPH on of port communities, cyber-defense for their own accreditation systems. company in its area, based on an equal the safe bunkering of Liquefied Natural and cyber-security incidents. It will One out of ten projects in the WPSP Portfolio addresses ‘Safety and Security’, Ports can adapt the details of the system. The benefit of the tool is that Gas (LNG) as a marine fuel and aims also address the main building blocks making this the category with the least number of projects in the portfolio. None- eight-stage checklist taking national neither individual ports nor bunkering to transfer the lessons learned and that are essential for a resilient port theless, the ones that are in the database include inspiring projects covering health and local requirements into account. companies need to reinvent the wheel experience acquired to all alternative community policy on cyber-security. and safety, emergency preparedness and response, overall port area security and The accreditation model aims to in terms of establishing and then going fuels that the shipping industry will be The relationship with the security cybersecurity. through the entire audit process. selecting to use on its pathway towards agenda of IMO and the ISPS code will de-carbonization. also be highlighted. The paper will be Another CMF WG contribution to introduced at the IAPH 2020 World safe LNG bunkering is the creation of Cyber-security Ports Conference in Antwerp. harmonized LNG bunker checklists Cyber-security remains a sensitive for known LNG bunkering scenarios. Stowage and safe securing of issue in the port community, with few These checklists reflect the extra steel cargo on board ships ports and operators willing to speak requirements of ports regarding about it or share information. However, IAPH has also joined ICHCA in LNG bunkering operations in or near the topic is far too important to be left endorsing a set of best practice their port environment. By using untouched. guidelines for proper stowage and safe bunker checklists, a high level of securing of steel cargo on board ships quality and responsibility of the LNG In September 2019, delegations of to ensure port workers’ safety and to bunker operators can be obtained. IAPH and the International Cargo enhance terminal operations’ efficiency. Implementing harmonized bunker Handling Coordination Association IAPH and ICHCA joint member Jurong- checklists in ports also benefits vessels (ICHCA) met in London to informally Port of Singapore has produced the (and their crew) when bunkering LNG discuss how the industry could take the guidelines with a guide scheduled for in various ports as it reduces potential subject further. It was agreed that, as a publishing in September. As a follow- confusion caused by having to comply first step, an information paper on ‘Port up, ICHCA and IAPH will collaborate in with different rules and regulations Community Cyber-security’ would be seeking support of Member States to in different ports. The CMF Working produced that could serve as the basis bring the issue to the attention of the Group has developed three bunkering of a broader awareness campaign. IMO Maritime Safety Committee (MSC). 31 32 CLIATE AND ENERGY

6.2 Selected initiatives and GOERNANCE AND ETICS data insights IAPH Women’s Forum Mentoring Program 6.1 WPSP Overview Winners IAPH 2019 Awards In 2012, IAPH established a Women’s Several port authorities are actively integrating principles of good corporate gover- Two projects obtained an equal score Forum to advance and empower women nance, regardless of their ownership or business model. Depicted in port strategic and were declared joint winners: in the ports industry. The Forum’s policies and visions, such principles often extend beyond traditional port responsi- 2 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE objectives include discussing women’s bilities to addressing key community needs, including social and gender equality, Kenya Ports Authority – issues in the maritime industry, finding education and health, and the port’s contribution to global issues such as carbon Tunahusika Corporate Social ways of attracting women to join the neutrality and circular economy. Furthermore, ports are aiming to raise the bar of Investment program Courtesy Dutch Seaports industry and retaining and developing ethics and transparency as well as committing to structured reporting on sustainability. Governance and ethics chapter In Africa, the Kenya Ports Authority has female talent. The Forum also visibly Extreme weather survey – 97 allocated a percentage of its net earnings promotes training programs, enabling Sustainability reporting The surveyport responses gathered a total of 97 to its Tunashusika Corporate Social women to better compete for positions by international seaport responses from ports around the world, Interest of ports Investment Program. This program at all levels, including those previously with European ports dominating the COUNITY OUTREAC PORT CITY DIALOGUE authorities Number of projects on Governance 19 aims at funding and supporting school not open to women. sample. and Ethics/ total projects in the WPSP ⁄ 120 infrastructure in the many surrounding In May 2019, the Vrije Universiteit Brus- Africa Oceania Portfolio 7 coastal communities where its present In addition to its scholarship programs, sel (VUB) launched a survey to investi- 9 Asia and future employees come from. The the Women's Forum has recently gate sustainability reporting practices of 7 fund also works with local counties in launched an innovative Mentoring world ports. IAPH endorsed the survey Main relevant SDGs the construction of healthcare facilities Program. The pilot project, which and facilitated dissemination and data and hosting onsite medical camps. works via the online Mentorloop collection. The survey gained insights Americas SAFETY AND SECURITY software platform, offers twenty women about ports’ rationale behind sustain- 15 marine pilots, harbour masters or VTS ability reporting and identified the main operators the chance to connect to benefits and barriers. The ultimate aim, Europe 59 twenty mentors (both women and men) in line with the WPSP commitment to who have good experience in similar transparency, is to promote further sus- roles in a more senior position, across tainability reporting in the port sector. Main focus areas other ports around the world for a period of one year. Some of the key outcomes of the 1. Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives (9/19) survey are presented in this section. The findings indicate that more than one 2. Sustainability policy, planning and reporting (4/19) The pilot is currently measured for Analytical outcomes will be part of third of the ports report separately and 3. Fostering innovation (4/19) effectiveness with the plan to increase a VUB PHD research paper to be regularly on sustainability following a 4. Gender equality initiatives (2/19) the number of participants on the plat- published in 2020. Furthermore, structured approach. One out of four ports form in a second phase. The ambition IAPH and the VUB research team integrates information on sustainability is to increase competences over a wide Magali Geerts and professor Michaël in its annual report while one out of ten One sixth of the total number of WPSP projects relate to Governance and Ethics. level of disciplines, including autono- Dooms will consider further ways ports only reports on an ad-hoc basis. It Half of them are Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives where ports proactively mous vessel operations, smart shipping of disseminating the full outcomes, is interesting to note however, that one address local community and broader social considerations. There are also projects technology platforms and operational including recommendations for quarter of the responding ports do not roles which are usually occupied by men. sustainability reporting in ports. actually report on sustainability at all. focusing on transparently communicating and reporting on the port’s vision and its Port of Vancouver – sustainability approach. Projects fostering innovation through green and blue econ- omy incubators are also grouped under Governance and Ethics. There are also a Sustainability Governance Does your port report on sustainability? couple of inspiring projects on improving gender balance and empowering women A fine example of integrated gover- in the port industry. nance can be found with the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority. They engaged Yes, certi ed sustainability report with stakeholders over a two-year peri- according to international standards (e.g. GRI) od to identify the long-term future vision No of the port. It is now actively integrating 15 sustainability throughout the port’s busi- 26 ness and processes with strong sup-

porting measurement tools to ensure Yes, separate annual ambitions to deliver the vision are met. sustainability report, but not certi ed or 19 These are apparent in the governance following another international standard structure as well as in its detailed an- 12 nual reports. Practical monitoring tools are also available to the public online 25 such as the port dashboard covering Ad-hoc report all aspects of the supply chain and live monitoring of the environment in and around the port. Yes, integrated in annual report

33 34 The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) The main reported benefit of sustainability reporting is increasing transparency Global Survey on Port From these respondents, facilitating trade and business is viewed as the main goal is the cross-sectoral global standard towards the ports’ stakeholders such as port users, customers, local community and Governance for the port system, with the maximization of the added value to the national econo- for sustainability reporting. There is governments. This is followed by improvement of reputation, improved risk manage- my being the second most significant goal. a debate however on whether the ment and enhanced corporate culture. A global survey on port governance was launched at the end of 2019, with the overall GRI approach can be fully What should be the goals of the port system? applied to the port sector or whether ambition to analyse current structures sectoral guidance for ports is needed. Main benefits/reasons for sustainability reporting and functions of port governance around GOAL the globe and to lay the foundations for The respondents to the survey appear 70 discussions of future port governance Facilitate trade and business 87.78% to strengthen the latter view with only models. The study has been developed one out of ten ports suggesting that the 60 Maximization of added value to the national economy 71.11% 50 by professors Thanos Pallis and Gordon GRI indicators are sufficient for the port Improvement Social and economic growth of the nearby region 64.44% of reputation Enhanced Stronger Competitive Compliance Wilmsmeier along with a research team sector. 40 corporate social license advantage with legal culture to operate framework at the Universidad de Los Andes, Maximization of handled tonnage 31.11% Relevance GRI Guidance 30 Colombia and University of the Aegean, Do you believe the indicators defined Maximization of the profits of the companies operating at the port 25.56% 20 Greece. It is endorsed by PortEconom- by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 10 ics, a web-based academic initiative Maximization of the returns to the government (public sector) 25.56% are sufficient to cover the full concept of aimed at generating knowledge about sustainability in the port sector? 0 Other(s) 7.78% Transparency- Improved risk Transparency- Greater Transparency- Alignment seaports, and IAPH. externally (port management internally (staff/ awareness of externally with users/ board/ sustainability (shareholders/ competitors customers/ management issues investors local Following a consultation process with Yes communities/ goverment various ports and experts around the Contributors have indicated that there are different approaches in existing port gov- 13% world, the researchers detailed the I am not ernance formats in different countries. Port authorities may only have a secondary aquainted different tasks of port governance, and role in port policy formation activities, such as in the representation in an interna- with GRI divided them in different categories: port tional context, where central government maintains a key role. 41% When it comes to reported barriers for sustainability reporting, the lack of resources policy responsibilities, regulatory respon- Yes, but there is a is identified as the main issue. This highlights the point that sustainability report- sibilities, technical management of the need for sector Cases that the Port Authorities are considered responsible for key Port ing requires resources in terms of time, personnel, data collection, analysis and port area, market and port regulation, supplements Policy formation activities 35% financing. Data availability, the challenge to select meaningful indicators, and limited management of concession agree- ments, and management of trends in the engagement from some port users are the other identified significant barriers. National Port Local Regional maritime and port sector. 11% Authority Port Authority

Representation of ports in the international context 27.8% 15.3% Barriers for sustainability reporting Port professionals, port users and stakeholders are invited to express their Adopt environmental legislation related to ports 16.9% 19.7% 90 understanding on the present state of No, the PMB is not an advocate of the Carry out strategic studies on port sector 30.6% 37.5% GRI framework. We use another one 80 port governance (i.e. which institution, or an aproach de ned by ourselves. 70 public or private entity currently performs each task), and their preferences as to 60 who should assume responsibility for In terms of desired port governance formats such as concessions, survey participants 50 each of these functions in an optimal point towards the importance of additional entities such as specialised regulatory 40 scenario. Respondents are also asked authorities to maintain responsibilities and assist the optimal function of modern ports. 30 to identify the major scope that ports should serve. 20 Concessions: How many believe that the Port Authority should perform the following activities? 10 The preliminary outcomes have resulted Task 0 from a total of 346 responses from port Lack of Data Selection Little interest No contributionEnvironmental Risk of certificationLittle interest Competitors do Monitor general compliance with and manage concession agreements 23.5% resources availability meaningful from port to competitive reputational from local not publish and port related professionals, with 28% indicators users advantage damage communities such report Global Port Governance survey being ports and port service providers. Monitor compliance with Service Level Agreements 30.3% respondents Replies have also been received by port Monitor implementation of business plan of concessionaire 38.2% users (6%) governmental agents (27%) The survey also offers insight in Receive / investigate complaints, breaches of concession agreements 26.5% Environmental management and other stakeholders (39%). terms of ports’ preferences for standards in place Organize and/or facilitate consultations on port operations (Users’ Committee or similar) 32.4% environmental management standards 60 and certification. More than half of The global survey on port governance will remain open until 31 March 2020. the respondent ports are certified 50 under the cross-sectoral ISO 14001 Ports and port service environmental management standard. 40 providers Other The port sector specific EcoPorts 28% 30 stakeholders Port Environmental Review System 39% is chosen by one out of five ports. 20 Port users However, one third of respondent 6% ports do not opt for environmental 10 management certification. Governmental 0 agents ISO None ECOPORTS GREEN EMAS 27% 14001 PERS MARINE

35 36 UNCTAD Train for Trade Port Management Program While examining the revenue mix of WPSP is grateful to work closely with ports by region, port dues remain the UNCTAD in accomplishing the pro- Useful Websites Since 2013, the Train for Trade Port Management Program has been implement- largest revenue source for ports. The gram’s mission. The Train for Trade ing knowledge networks in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, dominance of landlord port model re- Port Management Program has been World Ports Sustainability Program - https://sustainableworldports.org/ and capacity-building activities covering sixty countries since 1996. To monitor and mains in the governance of world ports, identified as a definite initiative for fur- UN Sustainable Developments Goals - https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ measure the performance of its member ports over time, the Program has devel- with concession fees constituting the ther close cooperation between UNCT- sustainable-development-goals/ oped a port performance scorecard. The main objective is to provide members of second largest source of port revenue. AD and the world ports community. ChainPORT - https://www.hamburg-port-authority.de/en/themenseiten/chainport/ the Programme with a useful tool that would benchmark performance and carry out The concessions’ share is higher in the port and regional comparisons. International Port Community Systems Association - https://ipcsa.international/pcs large container ports. Maritime Anti-Corruption Navigating a Changing Climate - https://navclimate.pianc.org/ The port performance scorecard identifies 26 indicators, collected and classified into network PIANC Climate Change Adaptation Planning for Ports and Inland Waterways - six main categories; finance, human resources, gender, vessel operations, cargo oper- https://www.pianc.org/publications/envicom/wg178 Revenue mix of ports by IAPH is one of the industry stakeholders ations and environment. In its 2019 publication ‘Review of Maritime Transport (RMT)’, of the Maritime Anti-Corruption Network Global Maritime Energy Efficiency Partnerships (GloMEEP) project - region 2014 - 2018 https://glomeep.imo.org/ the United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD) provides some (MACN), a global business network very relevant port governance figures from the scorecard. This section provides a 100 working towards the vision of a International Task Force on Port Call Optimization - https://portcalloptimization.org/ snapshot of selected data from RMT on gender, finance and human resources. 90 maritime industry free of corruption that Environmental Ship Index (ESI) - https://www.environmentalshipindex.org/Public/Home 80 enables fair trade to the benefit of Green Award Foundation - https://www.greenaward.org/ Regarding gender and the average rates of women participation in the port work- 70 society at large. Established in 2011 by IAPH Clean Marine Fuels working group - https://sustainableworldports.org/ force, results remain low despite a more encouraging picture when it comes to clean-marine-fuels/ 60 a small group of committed maritime management level. Data on cargo-handling operations show a recurrent low level of companies, MACN has grown to DNV GL overview map on alternative fuels infrastructure - https://afi.dnvgl.com/Map 50 women’s’ participation. include over hundred members globally European Alternative Fuels Observatory - https://www.eafo.eu/shipping-transport/ 40 and has become one of the pre-emi- port-infrastructure/ops/data 30

Proportion of total revenue nent examples of collective action to Getting to Zero Coalition - https://www.globalmaritimeforum.org/getting-to-zero-coalition Women’s participation in the port workforce 2014-2018 20 tackle corruption. World Ports Climate Action Program - https://sustainableworldports.org/world-ports- 45 10 climate-action-program/ 0 To date, MACN has collected over IAPH Cruise Project - https://sustainableworldports.org/iaph-wpsp-cruise-project/ 40 Africa Asia Europe Latin Global 28,000 reports of corruption in ports. America NEPTUNES project - https://neptunes.pro/ 35 Through a recent partnership with the Port dues Concession fees Rents EcoPorts - http://ecoports.com/ (Europe), https://ecoslc.eu/ (International) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, 30 MACN will be developing and launching AIVP Agenda 2030 - https://www.aivpagenda2030.com/ 25 Source: UNCTAD secretarial calculations, based the first ever Global Port Integrity Index ESPO Award on Societal Integration - https://www.espo.be/events 20 on data from port entities members of the Port to scale up its collective action activ- IAPH Womens’ Forum Mentoring Program - https://sustainableworldports.org/ Management Program network. ities in West Africa. The Global Port womens-forum/ 15 Integrity Index will provide an overview Global Survey on Port Governance - http://www.porteconomics.eu/2019/12/29/ 10 Analyzing labour costs as a proportion and comparison of illicit demands in global-survey-on-port-governance-take-part-shape-the-future/ of total revenue, the port performance 5 ports around the world. It will be based UNCTAD TrainForTrade Port Management Programme - https://tft.unctad.org/ scorecard data show that the global on the unique first-hand data gathered UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2019 - https://unctad.org/en/ 0 average scored between 20 - 25 % for Africa Asia Europe Latin Global from captains calling ports around the PublicationsLibrary/rmt2019_en.pdf America the period 2014–2018. The regional world through MACN’s Anonymous Management team Operations team Port authority - all averages for Asia and Europe fall Incident Reporting Mechanism. within this range, while Africa and Latin America are the relative outliers Colophon in this field. The 2020 World Ports Sustainability Women’s participation in cargo handling 2014 - 2018 Report was produced by the WPSP Labor costs as a proportion team, Patrick Verhoeven, Antonis 14 of revenue 2014 - 2018 Michail, Victor Shieh and Fabienne 12 Van Loo. The report was designed by 40 Optimus and printed by Image Building. 10 WPSP is grateful to all those who 31 provided material and access to data 30 8 for this report. We particularly express 22.1 22.2 6 21.1 our thanks to Jan Brooke (PIANC 20 NaCC), Manfred Lebmeier (ESI), 15.2 4 Magali Geerts and professor Michaël 10 Dooms (VUB), professors Thanos Pallis 2 and Gordon Wilmsmeier (University 0 of the Aegean, Greece / Universidad 0 de Los Andes, Colombia) and Mark Africa Asia Europe Latin Global Africa Asia Europe Latin Global America America Assaf (UNCTAD Train for Trade Port Management Program) for their Source: UNCTAD secretarial calculations, based on data from port entities members of the Port valuable input. Management Program network. © World Ports Sustainability Program 2020

37 38 www.sustainableworldports.org