2. Smart Ports: Key Concepts and Global Best Practices

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2. Smart Ports: Key Concepts and Global Best Practices i Acknowledgments The present publication was prepared by the Transport Connectivity and Logistics Section, Transport Division, ESCAP, based on country reports prepared by national consultants and the proceedings of the Online Expert Group Meeting on “Smart Port Development for sustainable maritime connectivity in Asia and the Pacific”, held in Bangkok on 27 November 2020. The Expert group meeting was attended by a total of 75 participants from Ministries of Transport and Maritime Administrations from member countries, as well as representatives of intergovernmental organizations, port authorities, universities, research institutes and the private sector. The study was led by Mr. Sooyeob Kim, Economic Affairs Officer, Transport Division with Mr. Changju Lee, Economic Affairs Officer and Ms. Kyeongrim Ahn as core authors; under the general supervision of Ms. Azhar Jaimurzina Ducrest, Chief of Transport Connectivity and Logistics Section. Recognition of contributions is also accorded to Mr. Kiwook Chang, Expert on port infrastructure and logistics of Transport Connectivity and Logistics Section, and Mr. Ang Chin Hup, Mr. Deng Yanjie, Mr. Myo Nyein Aye, Mr. Sophornna Ros, Mr. The Cuong Trinh and Mr. Tony Oliver for their technical input to the study. This study report was prepared by ESCAP with financial assistance and technical input from the Korea Port and Harbours Association. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Grateful acknowledgement is given to the Government of the Republic of Korea for the generous funding of this study. This report has been issued without formal editing. 1 Contents Abbreviations and acronyms…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…5 Executive summary .......................................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.1. Sustainable Development Goals, 4IR technologies and port development.............................................. 13 1.2. Supporting the transition to smart ports ........................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Scope and limitations of the study .................................................................................................................... 17 2. Smart ports: Key concepts and global best practices .................................................................. 19 2.1. Defining smart port ............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.1.1. Main features and benefits of smart ports ............................................................................................... 19 2.1.2. The growing needs for the smart port development ............................................................................... 20 2.2. Global best practices in smart port development ...................................................................................... 21 2.2.1. China ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2.2. Germany (Hamburg) ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2.3. Republic of Korea ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.2.4. Singapore (TUAS) ........................................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.5. The Netherlands (Rotterdam) .................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.6. United States of America............................................................................................................................ 30 3. Issues and opportunities for smart ports in Asia and the Pacific ................................................. 32 3.1. Status of port development in Asia and the Pacific ................................................................................. 32 3.2. Main issues in transition to smart ports in Asia and the Pacific ............................................................... 45 3.3. Development plan for smart ports in the ESCAP region .......................................................................... 46 3.4. Review of national reports .............................................................................................................................. 54 3.5. COVID-19 and smart ports ................................................................................................................................. 55 4. Technical innovation and smart ports ......................................................................................... 58 4.1. Port development steps ..................................................................................................................................... 58 4.2. The fourth industrial innovation and smart ports ........................................................................................... 59 4.2.1. Technical strategy for smart ports ........................................................................................................ 59 4.2.2. Strategy for the digital transformation to smart ports ............................................................................. 61 4.2.3. Technologies for smart ports ................................................................................................................ 62 4.3. Technology trends for 2021 ............................................................................................................................ 65 5. Smart ports in the context of the smart transport systems ......................................................... 68 5.1. What are smart transport systems? .................................................................................................................. 68 5.2. Prevailing smart transport applications and emerging technologies in the Asia-Pacific region ............ 69 5.3 Importance of smart transport systems in intermodal transport for smart ports ................................. 70 5.4. Applicable technologies and best practices for a smart port .................................................................. 75 2 5.4.1. Possible technologies for smart ports utilizing smart transport systems ................................................ 75 5.4.2. Study cases of using smart transport systems in smart ports .................................................................. 76 5.5. Challenges and opportunities ......................................................................................................................... 79 6. Stepwise approach to planning system implementation for a smart port with technology strategies 82 6.1. Preliminary requirements for starting a smart port development ................................................................... 83 6.2. Stepwise strategy by port level for smart ports................................................................................................. 84 6.3. Computerization of the recommendation system ............................................................................................ 87 6.3.1. Efficient IT resource management: Enterprise architecture .................................................................... 88 6.3.2. Minimizing trial and error (spatial constraints): Digital Twin ................................................................... 89 6.3.3. Pressure on productivity: Robot chatting, AI, Big Data, Blockchain......................................................... 90 6.3.4. Cost reduction (fiscal limitations): IoT, AI, Empowered Edge, Distributed Cloud ................................... 90 6.4. Port cybersecurity............................................................................................................................................... 91 7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 94 7.1. Measuring the impact of the transition to smart ports ......................................................................... 94 7.2 National and regional cooperation on smart port development Further direction ................................ 95 3 List of figures Figure 1. Summary of Fourth Industrial Revolution for Global Goal applications database ........... 13 Figure 2. Bond’s top 10 sustainability technologies ............................................................................................. 14 Figure 3. The reasons why smart ports are needed .............................................................................................. 21 Figure 4. The progress status of China smart port pilot project....................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Port of Patimban As a Solution to Fulfill the Capacity Demand of Port Terminal in Indonesia
    International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET) http://dx.doi.org/10.21172/ijiet.82.044 Port of Patimban as A Solution to Fulfill the Capacity Demand of Port Terminal in Indonesia Johny Malisan Center for Research and Development on Sea Transportation – Indonesia Abstract - Seaport as a part of transport chain and logistic system has a very important role and strategic for economic growth and development. Besides, it seemed sensible to exploit the synergies between ports and must be linked to their hinterland. To stimulate economic activity and realize an efficient logistic cost, the government's effort to create a healthy business climate and competitiveness through the development of a new port is one solution. This research aimed to analyze the port infrastructure that will be developed and to analyze port capacity that is still limited and should be developed in order to address the main issues that emerged at the port, i.e. congestion and dwell time. The results showed that although existing port has been developed, it seems quite difficult to handle high volume of container traffic in the future, which until 2050 predicted will reach average more than 20 millions TEUs per year. Synergy with port of Patimban is one way to fulfill capacity demand of port terminal. Indonesia has not yet emerged as a logistics hub and the most important factor is poor condition of port infrastructure. Therefore, it is required to change the pattern of container handling by pursuing the development of new port in order to avoid stagnation, congestion and dwelling time.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Ports Point of View
    Smart Ports | Contents Smart Ports Point of View By Deloitte Port Services 00 Smart Ports | Contents Seaports are playing catch-up with the large transport & logistics players when it comes to developing insight driven solutions and IoT applications. 01 Smart Ports | Contents Contents Introduction 3 Need for Smart Ports is driven by industry challenges 6 From digital to smart 10 Challenges ahead 16 About the authors 18 02 Smart Ports | Introduction Introduction Currently, a tidal wave of technological innovation & integration is pushing industries and businesses to transform themselves in an effort to become more data, and insight-driven. The port industry is no exception. Being part of both larger transport projects remain isolated. At the equipment and requiring different and logistics (T&L) supply chains moment, ports in Western Europe types of products and services and in itself being a cluster of are leading the pack in these creates a complicated environment companies and businesses active in attempts. Although the Smart Port with multiple stakeholders. In the T&L sector, ports are in a and IoT initiatives are addition to heterogeneity of data, a unique position to fully grasp the commendable, there is still a long fear of transparency also remains a potential generated by these new way to go before we can truly speak major issue. Ports are typically high tech developments. of fully integrated ports that fully comprised of a cluster of competing capitalize on the potential of IoT companies. Within the wider T&L sector, and insight driven applications, in companies have begun other words true “Smart Ports”.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia Maritime Hotspot Final Report
    Indonesia Maritime Hotspot Final Report Coen van Dijk Pieter van de Mheen Martin Bloem High Tech, Hands On July 2015 Figure 1: Indonesia's marine resource map 8 Figure 2 Indonesia's investment priority sectors 10 Figure 3: Five pillars of the Global Maritime Fulcrum 11 Figure 4: Indonesian Ports' expansion plan value 12 Figure 5: The development of container traffic carried by domestic vessels (in million tonnes) 17 Figure 6: Revised Cabotage exemption deadlines 17 Figure 7: The 22 ministries/government agencies involved in PTSP 20 Figure 8: Pelindo managed commercial ports 23 Figure 9: Examples of non-commercial ports 24 Figure 10: Examples of special purpose ports 25 Figure 11: Market share of Pelindo I-IV 27 Figure 12: Jurisdiction of Pelindo I 28 Figure 13:: Port of Tanjung Priok 29 Figure 14: Pelindo II Operational Areas 30 Figure 15: Jurisdiction of Pelindo III 31 Figure 16:: Jurisdiction of Pelindo IV 33 Figure 17: Kalibaru Port 34 Figure 18: Teluk Lamong Port 35 Figure 19: Vessels in Indonesia 40 Figure 20: The growth of cargo handled in Indonesian flag fleet and Indonesian owned fleet 41 Figure 21: Indonesia’s sea highway architecture design 43 Figure 22: Immediate effects of the Cabotage Principles on Freight Demand 44 Figure 23: LHS Asia Average % y-o-y Container throughput growth (2005-2010). RHS: 2010 Container Throughput (TEUs) 46 Figure 24: Predicted export growth in 2016-2019 47 Figure 25: Indonesia's new shipyards in 2013 49 Figure 26: Supply and demand gap for ship repair (GT) 52 Figure 27: Indonesia Oil Infrastructure
    [Show full text]
  • Port of the Future Concepts, Topics and Projects - Draft for Experts Validation.Docx
    Ref. Ares(2018)5643872 - 05/11/2018 D1.5 Port of the Future concepts, topics and projects - draft for experts validation.docx Deliverable D1.5 Date: 5th November 2018 Document: D1.5 Port of the Future concepts, topics and projects - draft for experts validation Page 1 of 268 Print out date: 2018-11-05 Document status Deliverable lead PortExpertise Internal reviewer 1 Circle, Alexio Picco Internal reviewer 2 Circle, Beatrice Dauria Type Deliverable Work package 1 ID D1.5 Due date 31st August 2018 Delivery date 5th November 2018 Status final submitted Dissemination level Public Table 1: Document status Document history Contributions All partners Change description Update work from D1.1 by including additional assessments and update code lists. Update the definition of Ports Of the Future Integrate deliverables D1.2, D1.3 and D1.4 Final version 2018 11 05 Table 2: Document history D1.5 Port of the Future concepts, topics and projects - draft for experts validation Page 2/268 Print out date: 2018-11-05 Disclaimer The views represented in this document only reflect the views of the authors and not the views of Innovation & Networks Executive Agency (INEA) and the European Commission. INEA and the European Commission are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in this document. Furthermore, the information is provided “as is” and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information fit for any particular purpose. The user of the information uses it as its sole risk and liability D1.5 Port of the Future concepts, topics and projects - draft for experts validation Page 3 of 268 Print out date: 2018-11-05 Executive summary D1.5 Port of the Future concepts, topics and projects - draft for experts validation Page 4 of 268 Print out date: 2018-11-05 1 Executive summary The DocksTheFuture Project aims at defining the vision for the ports of the future in 2030, covering all specific issues that could define this concept.
    [Show full text]
  • Ports Marine Vessels
    WHO WE ARE The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) reduces black carbon emissions from ports and maritime vessels through the Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles and Engines Initiative (HDDI). The CCAC HDDI brings together national and local governments, NGOs, and industry to reduce black carbon emissions from heavy-duty vehicles and engines, including ships and port equipment. Leading the charge to reduce black carbon from ports and maritime vessels is the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) and REDUCING the United Nations Environment Programme EMISSIONS FROM (UNEP). WHAT WE OFFER PORTS • Support ports in developing countries to calculate baseline air emissions inventories to AND understand the magnitude of air and climate pollutant emissions from port activities. • Support port stakeholders to identify and develop strategies (Action Plans) for long term MARINE particulate matter and black carbon emissions reductions incorporating international best practices. VESSELS • Support ports in estimating the health impacts of port and ship emissions. • Support cutting-edge research on maritime black carbon emissions. • Analyze the effectiveness of technologies and WHY REDUCE BLACK CARBON strategies to reduce black carbon emissions. • Develop an online global ports particulate EMISSIONS FROM PORTS AND matter and black carbon information hub MARITIME VESSELS? to serve as a repository for advanced ports expertise in emissions reduction as well as air Reducing air pollution from ports and maritime vessels benefits health, air quality, emissions inventories for ports in developing and helps address near-term warming. Ports and vessels are large sources of diesel and transition countries. Until the hub is particulate matter, including black carbon, which contributes to cardiopulmonary completed the UNEP Global Clean Ports disease and premature death.
    [Show full text]
  • Traxens Presents Solutions for Port Industry at Smart Ports Barcelona
    Traxens presents solutions for port industry at Smart Ports Barcelona Company develops bespoke IoT and big data offering to meet specific needs of port industry players and solve business challenges for both assets and cargo owners worldwide Smart Ports Barcelona takes place November 19-21 Marseille, France, November 13, 2019 – Traxens, a company providing high-value data and services for the supply chain industry, announces today that it will present its smart asset tracking solutions at the Smart Ports Barcelona event, Smart Ports, Piers of the Future, November 19 to 21. Its tailored Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) solutions are specifically designed to meet the needs of the port industry by providing near real- time insight into the end-to-end global supply chain. Traxens’ solution provides comprehensive, precise and timely data on cargo, through tracking logistic assets in transit anywhere in the world. Traxens’ patented breakthrough Internet of Things (IoT) technology brings improved efficiency and security, greater transparency and enhanced asset utilization whilst opening up new opportunities for all actors involved in the global supply chain. With Traxens’ solutions, ports can improve their efficiency and the interoperability of the systems with a trusted third party. For example, the Cargo Community System (CCS) manages traceability within the port area, but it also needs to capture information in the hinterland, and, in general, during the pre- and post-shipment phases. This is made possible with the Traxens solution; its objective is to improve the real-time information and predictivity of the flow of goods, to streamline overall port operations. More specifically, for export, information gathered on pre- and post-carriage and on the activity in the hinterland can help determine the ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) at port gates.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting the Development of a Sustainable and Clean Ports Program for the Port
    EXTERNAL WORKSHOP REPORT Supporting the Development of a Sustainable and Clean Ports Program for the Port NOVEMBER 2014 Table of Contents BACKGROUND .......................................................................................... 1 OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 6 POINTS OF EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP AND POINTS OF MEEETING WITH DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF SEA TRANSPORTATION, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION ......................... 7 POINTS OF MEEETING WITH DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF SEA TRANSPORTATION, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION ......................... 8 ANNEX- 1 DOCUMENTATION .................................................................. 5 ANNEX- 2 MEETING NOTES .................................................................. 11 BACKGROUND Based on the following legal bases: I. The programme of Work of UNEP for 2012/2013, subprogramme 1 (Climate Change), Expected Accomplishment B (Low carbon and clean energy sources and technology alternatives are increasingly adopted, inefficient technologies are phased out and economic growth, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are decoupled by countries based on technical and economic assessments, cooperation, policy advice, legislative support and catalytic financing mechanisms), Output 3: Knowledge networks to inform and support key stakeholders in the reform of policies and the implementation of programmes for renewable energy, energy efficiency and reduced greenhouse-gas emissions are established and supported
    [Show full text]
  • Approaching Time Service Information System Planning As an Effort to Reduce National Port Logistic Cost (Case Study: Tanjung Priok Port of PT
    Volume 5, Issue 1, January – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Approaching Time Service Information System Planning As an Effort to Reduce National Port Logistic Cost (Case Study: Tanjung Priok Port of PT. Pelindo II, Tbk) Astri Lestiana Permata Sugeng Santoso Master of Management, Mercu Buana University Lecturer of Postgraduate, Mercu Buana University Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract:- Indonesia has ranked 46th in the 2018 Global method based on phenomena that occur in realizing Rank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) issued by the port logistics efficiency and of course as Indonesia's World Bank as a statistical measure of logistics efforts as the World Maritime Axis. In order to improve (Logistic Performance Index, World Bank, 2018). With port performance that is not yet standardized, the these conditions, Indonesia's logistics performance has government has prepared an Integrated Port Network been serious concern by the government to reduce (IPN) program based on 4.0 industry technology by logistics costs. One of them is by increasing involving several stakeholders, including the Ministry of standardized port performance by increasing port National Development Planning Agency, the Ministry of services. The focus of the government in improving port Transportation and BUMN Synergy as Terminal performance is by developing The Pilotage & Towage Operators for the achievement of Indonesia as a World or often referred to as Marine Operating System Maritime Country. (MOS/SIPANDU) which is one of the port services. Therefore, the objective of this research is that the Keywords:- Logistics, National Logistics System, development of this information system able to improve Integrated Port Network (IPN), Ports, Approaching Time, the optimization and effectiveness of approaching time Information Systems.
    [Show full text]
  • World Ports Sustainability Report 2020
    WORLD PORTS SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 www.sustainableworldports.org TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 3 1 Introduction 4 1.1 The World Ports Sustainability Program 4 1.2 WPSP Portfolio 5 1.3 WPSP Platform 8 1.4 Integration of the UN SDGs in port governance and practice 9 2 Resilient Infrastructure 14 2.1 WPSP Overview 14 2.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 15 2.2.1 Digitalization 15 2.2.2 Climate proof infrastructure 16 3 Climate and Energy 18 3.1 WPSP Overview 18 3.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 19 4 Community Outreach and Port City Dialogue 28 4.1 WPSP Overview 28 4.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 29 4.2.1 Addressing environmental externalities 29 4.2.2 Societal integration of ports 30 5 Safety and Security 31 5.1 WPSP Overview 31 5.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 31 6 Governance and Ethics 33 6.1 WPSP Overview 33 6.2 Selected initiatives and data insights 34 Useful Websites 38 Colophon 38 2 Foreword Introduction By Patrick Verhoeven 1.1 The World Ports Managing Director - International Association of Ports and Harbors Sustainability Program Coordinator - World Ports Sustainability Program The World Ports Sustainability It was a daunting task, as the port The other main conclusion is also a Program (WPSP) was launched in sector – and the maritime sector in call to action. The WPSP Portfolio and 2018 to contribute to the sustainable general – is notorious for its lack of Platform are dominated by European development of world ports in line with (comparable) data.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Port of Tanjung Priok, Indonesia
    Erasmus University Rotterdam MSc in Maritime Economics and Logistics 2009/2010 Improving Vessel Service Performance by Optimizing Pilot and Tug Services: the case of The Port of Tanjung Priok, Indonesia by Herman Susilo copyright @ MSc Maritime Economics & Logistics Acknowledgements Alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin, Praise to Allah for mercy and compassion so that I can complete this thesis as the last stage of Maritime Economics and Logistics course. I would like to thank to all who have helped and supported me in completing all phases of writing this thesis. My special thanks goes to my supervisor, Mr. Woo Jong Kyun / Jackey, on the advice, assistance and guidance to me during the preparation of the thesis so that this thesis can be completed on time. Thank you to the Management and staff of Indonesia Port Corporation II for the opportunity given for the author to follow MEL Course and carry out research for writing this thesis. Thanks also to the all MEL lecturers and staffs for all their help during the author underwent a course in MEL, especially to Professor H.E. Haralambides for the opportunity given to the author to follow MEL Course. Many thank also for my Indonesian classmates Arif, Tony, Budi, Dida, Bimo, Irwan, Iman and Prastyo, for cooperation and togetherness during we were in Rotterdam. Finally I thank to my beloved family, Yetty, Haris and Handy, for never stop prayer and give me support to stay on spirit. I love you. Rotterdam, October 2010 Herman Susilo ii Abstract Vessel service as beginning and closing of the entire chain of services in the port holds a vital role in achieving the overall performance of port services.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on Project for Master Plan Study on Port Development and Logistics in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area in the Republic of Indonesia
    The Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Sea Transportation Ministry of Transportation Final Report on Project for Master Plan Study on Port Development and Logistics in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area in The Republic of Indonesia Summary December 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) The Overseas Coastal Area Development Institute of Japan (OCDI) Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. (OC) Ides Inc. (Ides) MASTER PLAN STUDY ON PORT DEVELOPMENT AND LOGISTICS IN GREATER JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA (JICA) FINAL REPORT ABBREVIATIONS ADPEL Administrator Pelabuhan (Port Administrator) AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area ALOS Advanced Land Observation Satellite; an observation satellite launched by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) on 24 January 2006. AMDAL Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Impact Assessment) ANDAL Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Impact Analysis) APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Aus-AID Australian Agency for International Development BAKOSURTANAL Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional; a governmental agency of Indonesia for land survey and mapping BAPEDAL Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental Control Agency) BAPPENAS Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) BMKG Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dam Geofisika (Meteoroligical, Climatological and Geophysical Agency) BPJT Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (Indonesian Toll Road Authority) BPS Badan
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 89 1st Asia Pacific Business and Economics Conference (APBEC 2018) Concentration of Container Throughput in the Hub Ports of Indonesia Nuzul Achjar Department of Economics Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—The concept of sea-highway or tol laut has good, transparent national and international marine governance received great attention from the government as reflected in the system, maritime infrastructure for equitable connectivity and National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015–2019. development improvement, increased production capacity and In addition to 25 strategic ports all over the country, five hub technology for the national shipping industry, as well as ports (Belawan, Tanjung Priok, Tanjung Perak, Makasar, and integration of maritime services to support Blue Economy. Bitung) regularly receive large freight vessels, from the west to the east and vice versa. Unloaded cargo at the hub ports is then The emergence of a new center of economic activity will, delivered to feeder ports throughout the country. Container directly and indirectly, affect trade flow and will change the trade throughput is heavily concentrated in the ports of Java such as structure. Although a sea-highway has started, it will take time to the Port of Tanjung Priok in Jakarta and the Port of Tanjung see its impact on trade flow. This paper aims to analyze the Perak in Surabaya. Although the implementation of sea- changes in the concentration of loading and unloading of highways has not yet been effectively completed, changes in the domestic goods between regions through hub and feeder ports, concentration of port throughput need to be observed; for using the spatial Gini approach.
    [Show full text]