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TRAFFIC Bulletin Volume 32, No. 1 TRAFFIC 1 BULLETIN VOL. 32 NO. 1 32 NO. VOL. TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. For further information contact: The Executive Director TRAFFIC David Attenborough Building Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK Telephone: (44) (0) 1223 277427 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.traffic.org IMPACT OF TRADE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON NARWHAL POPULATIONS With thanks to The Rufford Foundation for contributimg to the production costs of the TRAFFIC Bulletin DRIED SEAHORSES FROM AFRICA TO ASIA is a strategic alliance of APRIL 2020 EEL TRADE REVIEW The journal of TRAFFIC disseminates information on the trade in wild animal and plant resources 32(1) NARWHAL COVER FINAL.indd 1 05/05/2020 13:05:11 GLOBAL TRAFFIC was established TRAFFIC International David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK. in 1976 to perform what Tel: (44) 1223 277427; E-mail: [email protected] AFRICA remains a unique role as a Central Africa Office c/o IUCN, Regional Office for Central Africa, global specialist, leading and PO Box 5506, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Tel: (237) 2206 7409; Fax: (237) 2221 6497; E-mail: [email protected] supporting efforts to identify Southern Africa Office c/o IUCN ESARO, 1st floor, Block E Hatfield Gardens, 333 Grosvenor Street, and address conservation P.O. Box 11536, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa Tel: (27) 12 342 8304/5; Fax: (27) 12 342 8289; E-mail: [email protected] challenges and solutions East Africa Office c/o WWF TCO, Plot 252 Kiko Street, Mikocheni, PO Box 105985, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. NATUREPL.COM / RICHARD ROBINSON / WWF / ROBINSON RICHARD / NATUREPL.COM linked to trade in wild © Tel/Fax: (255) 22 2701676; E-mail: [email protected] animals and plants. AMERICAS MAKO SHARK US Office c/o WWF-US, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. Tel: (1) 202 293 4800; Fax: (1) 202 775 8287; E-mail: [email protected] TRAFFIC’s Vision is of a world in which trade in wild plants and animals is managed at sustainable levels without damaging the integrity ASIA of ecological systems and in such a manner that it makes a significant contribution to human needs, supports local and national China Office Room 2020, Plaza A, Finance Fortune Tower, No. 18 Xizhimen Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, P.R. China. economies and helps to motivate commitments to the conservation of wild species and their habitats. Tel: +86 10 6832 1353; E-mail: [email protected] India Office c/o WWF-India, 172-B Lodi Estate, New Delhi-110 003, India. Tel: (91) 11 41504786; Fax: (91) 11 43516200 rade in wildlife is vital to meeting The role of TRAFFIC is to seek and activate solutions to E-mail: [email protected] the needs of a significant proport­ the problems created by illegal and/or unsustainable ion of the world’s popul ation. wildlife trade. TRAFFIC’s aim is to encourage sustainability Japan Office c/o WWF Japan, 3Fl., Mita Kokusai Bldg, 1-4-28 Mita, TProducts derived from tens of thousands by providing government, decision­makers, traders, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan. of species of plants and animals are businesses, consu mers and others with an interest in wildlife Tel: (81) 3 3769 1716; Fax: (81) 3 3769 1717 traded and used for the purposes of, trade with reliable information about trade volumes, E-mail: [email protected] among other things, medicine, food, trends, pathways and impacts, along with guidance on how fuel, building materials, clothing and to respond where trade is illegal or unsustainable. Southeast Asia Office Suite 12A-01, Level 12A, Tower 1, ornament ation; moreover, this use Wisma AmFirst, Jalan Stadium SS 7/15, 47301 Kelana Jaya Selangor, Malaysia. provides vital income to millions of TRAFFIC’s reports and advice provide a technical basis Tel: (603) 7880 3940; Fax: (603) 7886 7369; E-mail: [email protected] people. for the establishment of effective conservation policies and programmes to ensure that trade in wildlife is maintained Viet Nam Office No 1, Lane 95, Giang Van Minh Street, Ba Dinh District, Most of the trade is legal and much of it within sustainable levels and conducted according to ERNST MEIER / WWF SWITZERLAND WWF / MEIER ERNST Ha Noi, Viet Nam. sustainable, but a significant proportion is national and inter national laws and agreements. The journal © not. As well as threatening these resources, of TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC Bulletin, is the only publication Tel: (84) 24 3726 5023; E-mail: [email protected] unsustainable trade can also lead to devoted exclusively to issues relating to international trade species declining in the wild to the point in wild plants and animals. Provided free of charge to over EUROPE that they are threatened with extinction. 4000 subscribers and freely available from the TRAFFIC Illegal trade undermines local, national website (www.traffic.org), it is a key tool for disseminating Europe Office David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, and international efforts to manage wild knowledge of wildlife trade and an important source of Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK. Tel: (44) 1223 277427; E-mail: [email protected] natural resources sustainably and causes information for those in a position to effect change and YELLOW GENTIAN GREAT massive economic losses. improve awareness. Much of the content published in the TRAFFIC Bulletin arises from invest­ TRAFFIC staff are also based in Australia, Belgium, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, igations carried out by TRAFFIC staff, Hungary, Kenya, Sweden and Thailand. whose wide­ranging expertise allows for F I C O E S A R T a broad coverage of issues. TRAFFIC has also built up a global network of contacts with, for example, law enforcement agents, traffic websites scientists, and wildlife experts, some of / WWF NETHERLANDS WWF / whom are regular contributors to the TRAFFIC Bulletin. www.traffic.org (English); www.trafficchina.org (Chinese); TRAFFIC welcomes articles on the subject www.trafficj.org (Japanese) of wildlife trade that will bring new information to the attention of the wider ALAIN COMPOST / WWF / COMPOST ALAIN public; guide lines are provided in this issue and online to assist in this process. For more information, please contact the editor: TRAFFICTRAFFIC SOUTHERN YELLOW-BILLED HORNBILL DER HOEVEN © CHRISTIAAN VAN JAGUAR © Kim Lochen ([email protected]). www.facebook.com/ www.youtube.com/ @TRAFFIC_WLTrade trafficnetwork trafficnetwork 32(1) NARWHAL COVER FINAL.indd 2 05/05/2020 13:05:14 The TRAFFIC Bulletin is a publication of TRAFFIC, a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on the trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. B U L L E T I N The TRAFFIC Bulletin publishes information and original papers on the subject of trade in wildlife, and strives to be a source of accurate and objective VOL. 32 NO. 1 APRIL 2020 information. The TRAFFIC Bulletin is available free of charge. Quotation of information appearing in the news and short reports sections is welcomed without CONTENTS permission, but citation must be given. Reprod uction of all other material appearing in the TRAFFIC Bulletin requires written permission from the publisher. Editorial 1 S. Broad MANAGING EDITOR Steven Broad The Wildlife Trade Portal 2 EDITOR and COMPILER Kim Lochen A. Bagott SUBSCRIPTIONS and MAILING TWIX: enhancing global wildlife (PDLOEXOOHWLQ#WUD൶FRUJ law enforcement 3–4 T. Osborn, D. Mahonghol, L.E. Embolo, A. Mashalla, T. Teferi, C. Ratsimbazafy, The designations of geographical entities in this M. Bürgener, M. Norwisz, and R. Melisch publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its Insights from social media into the illegal 5–12 supporting organisations concern ing the legal trade of wild raptors in Thailand status of any country, territory, or area, or of its C.T. Panter and R.L. White authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reviewing the trade in glass eels 13–19 Any opinions expressed are those of the writers Anguilla spp. DQGGRQRWQHFHVVDULO\UHÀHFWWKRVHRI75$)),& H. Shiraishi Published by TRAFFIC David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Shifting priorities for 20–31 Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. Narwhal conservation: from trade to rapid Copyright of material published in the environmental change TRAFFIC Bulletin is vested in TRAFFIC R.R. Reeves and © TRAFFIC 2020 and D.S. Lee ISSN 0267-4297. UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Enforcement insights: 32–36 Cover photograph: WKHWUDGHLQVKDUNVDQGWKHLU¿QV L. Brown A pod of male Narwhals Monodon monoceros &DUVWHQ(JHYDQJ Seahorse trade dynamics 37–44 from Africa to Asia Photographs this page, from top: S. Louw and M. Bürgener Juvenile European Eels Anguilla anguilla. 5LFKDUG7KRPDV75$)),& 'RUVDO¿QFXWIURPD6FDOORSHG+DPPHUKHDG6KDUN Sphyrna lewini, Cocos Island, Costa Rica. QDWXUHSOFRP-H൵5RWPDQ::) Dried seahorses Hippocampus spp. 0DUNXV%UJHQHU75$)),& Funding for the production of this issue of the TRAFFIC Bulletin is generously SURYLGHGE\7KH5X൵RUG)RXQGDWLRQ Funding to print and distribute future issues is sought. 3OHDVHYLVLWKWWSZZZWUD൶FRUJGRQDWH if you can help. TRAFFIC Bulletin 32(1) 5 MAY 2020 FINAL.indd 1 05/05/2020 12:54:57 TRAFFIC Bulletin 32(1) 5 MAY 2020 FINAL.indd 05/05/2020 12:54:57 E D I T O R I A L t the time of writing, the COVID-19 pandemic that undermine existing wildlife trade laws: enforcement is raging worldwide, causing human mortality is inconsistent, often under-resourced, undermined by and socio-economic disruption on a massive FULPLQDOLW\ DQG FRUUXSWLRQ DQG JLYHQ LQVX൶FLHQW SULRULW\ scale and it appears highly likely that by governments. Risky trade may simply continue through profound impacts will continue for many illicit markets.
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