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Stiahnuť Súbor VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA Časopis pre vojenskú históriu múzejníctvo a archívnictvo 2/2018 VYDÁVA VOJENSKÝ HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV V BRATISLAVE 1 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA © Vojenský historický ústav, Bratislava 2018 www. vhu.sk Všetky práva vyhradené. Žiadna časť publikovaného časopisu nesmie byť reprodukovaná alebo použitá a šírená v akejkoľvek forme a akýmikoľvek prostriedkami, elektronicky alebo mechanicky, vrátane kopírovania, digitalizácie alebo uchovávaná v akýchkoľvek informačných pamätiach, databázach a informačných pamätiach, databázach a informačných systémoch bez predchádzajúceho písomného súhlasu Vojenského historického ústavu a autorov. Príspevky vyjadrujú názory autorov a nemusia byť totožné so stanoviskom vydavateľa a redakcie. 2 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA OBSAH Štúdie PEJS, Oldřich: Jozef Tiso jako hlava státu a nejvyšší vojenský velitel (od předsedy vlády k prezidentovi) ................................................................................. 7 BAKA, Igor: Die deutsch-slowakischen Beziehungen und der Krieg gegen die UDSSR (1941 – 1945) .......................................................... 35 UHRIN, Marian: Nemecké 10,5-cm poľné húfnice vz.18 (leFH-18) v slovenskej a 1. čs. armáde na Slovensku ................................................................... 70 Dokumenty a materiály ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: Nie sú mi známe dôvody, prečo nemôžem slúžiť v čs. armáde…Výpovede plk. gšt. Alojza Ballaya podané na vyžiadanie orgánov čs. armády z roku 1946 k službe v slovenskej armáde 1939 – 1945. (3. časť) ............. 88 PURDEK, Imrich: 25 rokov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky ......................... 114 Rozhľady JANECOVÁ, Tamara: Milo Urban ako šéfredaktor Gardistu ................................... 145 Recenzie KERSHAW, Ian. To Hell and Back: Europe 1914-1949. (J. Drábik) ........................ 169 Anotácie, glosy ............................................................................................................ 173 Kronika ....................................................................................................................... 179 3 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA INHALT Studien PEJS, Oldřich: Jozef Tiso als Staatsoberhaupt und der oberste Befehlshaber (vom Regierungsvorsitzenden zum Staatspräsident) ...................................................... 7 BAKA, Igor: Die deutsch-slowakischen Beziehungen und der Krieg gegen die UDSSR (1941 – 1945) .................................................................................. 35 UHRIN, Marian: Die deutschen 10,5 cm leichten Feldhaubitze 18 in der Ausrüstung der Slowakischen Armee und der 1. Tschechoslowakischen Armee ..................................................................... 70 Dokumente und Materialien ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: „Die Gründe, die gegen meinen Dienst in der tschechoslowakischen Armee sprechen, sind mir nicht bekannt…“ Antworten von Obst i Gst Alojz Ballay auf Anfragen der tschechoslowakischen Armee aus dem Jahre 1946 betreffend sein Dienst in der Slowakischen Armee 1939 – 1945. (Teil 3) ..................................... 88 PURDEK, Imrich: 25 Jahre Streitkräfte der Slowakischen Republik ....................... 114 Ausblicke JANECOVÁ, Tamara: Milo Urban als Chefredakteur der Zeitschrift Gardista ........ 145 Rezensionen ............................................................................................................... 169 Annotationen und Glossen ....................................................................................... 173 Chronik ...................................................................................................................... 179 4 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA CONTENTS Studies PEJS, Oldřich: Jozef Tiso as the Head of the State and the Highest Commander (From the Prime Minister to President) ........................... 7 BAKA, Igor: German-Slovak Relationships and the War on the USSR (1941 – 1945) .......................................................................................... 35 UHRIN, Marian: German 10.5cm Field Howitzer 18 (leFH-18) Model in the Slovak and 1st CS Army in the Slovakia ................................ 70 Documents and Materials ŠUMICHRAST, Peter: I am not aware of any reasons, why shouldn’t I serve in the CS Army… Statements of General Staff Colonel, Alojz Ballay, required by the CS Army authorities from 1946 on the service in the Slovak Army 1939 – 1945 (Part 3) ..................................................................................................... 88 PURDEK, Imrich: 25 Years of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic ................ 114 Horizonts JANECOVÁ, Tamara: Milo Urban and the Gardista Daily ...................................... 145 Reviews ....................................................................................................................... 169 Annotations, Glosses ................................................................................................. 173 Chronicle .................................................................................................................... 179 5 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA 6 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA ŠTÚDIE JOZEF TISO JAKO HLAVA STÁTU A NEJVYŠŠÍ VOJENSKÝ VELITEL (od předsedy vlády k prezidentovi) OLDŘICH PEJS PEJS, O.: Jozef Tiso as the Head of the State and the Highest Commander (From the Prime Minister to President). Vojenská história, 2, 22, 2018, pp 7-34, Bratislava. In his study, the author deals with the position of J. Tiso as the Prime Minister as well as the creation of his position as the highest military commander at the time when the institutions of the newly originated Slovak Republic were constituted and their mutual relationships still were not exactly determined. The author states that during this constitutional provisional arrangement already, the function of the head of the state was personifi ed in the personality of the Prime Minister, Jozef Tiso. The author argues convincingly that from this point of view, Tiso was accepted also as the highest military commander even prior to the adoption of the Constitution. In this context, he observes his interventions in the matters of national defence, building, personal structure and operation of the army. Logically, the greatest attention is paid to Tiso’s relationship to the Minister of National Defence, gen. Čatloš. The author states here that Tiso did not profi le himself in the function of the highest commander of the Slovak military power, which was expressed in his dependence on Čatloš. According to the author, he often proceeded autonomously and had his decisions approved by the government retroactively. Military History. Slovakia. World War 2. Jozef Tiso – Head of the State and Highest Commander. Na 3. schůzi 2. zasedání Snemu Slovenskej krajiny, která byla zahájena v Bratislavě v úterý 14. března 1939, podala demisi autonomní vláda Karola Sidora, a jednání kontinuálně přešlo do 1. schůze Slovenského snemu, na níž byl vyhlášen samostatný Slovenský štát. Předsednictvo sněmu Slovenského štátu pak vyjmenovalo slovenskou vládu na čele s předsedou ThDr. Jozefem Tisem a jeho zástupcem ministrem JUDr. Vojtechem Tukou. Funkce ministra národní obrany připadla pplk. gšt. Ferdinandu Čatlošovi.1 Podle ústavného zákona zo dňa 14. marca 1939 o samostatnom Slovenskom štáte2 se vládní a výkonná moc v nově vzniklém Slovenskom štáte až do přijetí ústavy měla realizovat prostřednictvím vlády.3 Tiso byl neofi ciálně označován za hlavu Slovenského štátu nebo za najvyššieho predstaviteľa štátu. Tiso však nebyl formálně v postavení nejvyššího ústavního činitele, neboť Slovenský štát 1 Slovenský snem, Tesnopisecká zpráva o 1. schôdzke slovenského snemu dňa 14. marca 1939. In http://www.psp.cz/eknih/1939ssr/stenprot/001schuz/s001001.htm 2 Slovenský zákonník, roč. 1939, čiastka 1, č. 1, účinnosť odo dňa 14. marca 1939. 3 MOSNÝ, Peter – LACLAVÍKOVÁ, Miriam. Dejiny štátu a práva na území Slovenska II. (1848 – 1948). Kraków : Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku – Towarzystwo Słowaków w Polsce, 2014, s. 64. ISBN 978-83-7490-761-3. 7 VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA žádnou vlastní ústavu neměl.4 Neúplný a pouze faktický ústavní systém Slovenského štátu, který zpočátku odvisel od politické autority slovenských autonomistů a jimi zastávaných funkcí, zejména však na osobní autoritě samotného Jozefa Tisa, tak neumožnil ihned naplnit všechny atributy státnosti ve vztahu k hlavnímu představiteli státu, který byl pouze primus inter pares, tj. první ve vládě, a neměl by tak být v jeho osobě spatřován nejvyšší orgán vojenské moci. Konkurenta by mu mohl dělat pouze Karol Sidor jako ministr vnitra a hlavní velitel Hlinkovy gardy, ten však na své funkce na zřejmý nátlak Němců, protektorů nového státu, rezignoval. S jeho veřejně projevovanou popularitou mezi slovenskou veřejností se však zglajšachtlované slovenské politické prostředí bylo nuceno potýkat prakticky po celý rok 1939 a radikálnímu křídlu slovenského establishmentu nezbylo nic jiného, než se vůči němu neustále vymezovat. Docházelo tak postupně k budování Tisova kultu.5 Na čele slovenského důstojnického sboru stál Čatloš. Důvody k jeho jmenování do funkce ministra národní obrany hledalo více autorů. Uvádí se, že Tiso pokládal Čatloše za kvalitního vojenského experta a za uvědomělého slovenského inteligenta a vsadil na jeho vojenské a osobní kvality a jeho nenaplněné vojenské ambice,6 jinak řečeno, že u Tisa sehrála své Čatlošova bohatá vojenská zkušenost, proautonomistické smýšlení a pozitivní zkušenost s jeho působením po vyhlášení slovenské autonomie;7 že to byl politický tah Tisa, který nechtěl přílišné posílení radikálů
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