Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Adams, D. L. “The White
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The Sophia Sun Newsletter of the Anthroposophical Society in North Carolina
The Sophia Sun Newsletter of the Anthroposophical Society in North Carolina June 2008 Volume I, Number 3 In This Issue: Calendar…………………3 - 4 Study Groups…….…………5 Rev. Dancey Visit……….18 St. John’s …………………...6 K. Morse Visit……..……..18 Archangel Uriel….…………7 News From China….…….20 Branch Meeting…………….8 African Aid………………...23 Conference Review………..9 On Media and Youth……..26 Poem by Eve Olive………..13 Anthroposophy’s White Natalie Tributes…..…….…15 Rose…………………………28 2 From the Editor: I would like to close this letter with a verse, Dear Friends: which was spoken at the John The theme of this June issue of The Sophia Alexandra Conference, which exemplifies Sun is very much aligned with the Mission the Urielic Spirit: of Uriel, the Archangel of Summer, who So long as Thou dost feel the pain admonishes us to awaken our conscience Which I am spared, and to shine the Light of Truth on all things. The Christ unrecognized We begin with our Festival of St. John, Is working in the World. whose guiding spirit was Uriel and whose For weak is still the Spirit personality and Mission John epitomized in While each is only capable of his incarnations as Elijah and as John. suffering Next is an article about the conference Through his own body. “From the Ashes of 9/11: Called to a New Rudolf Steiner Birth of Freedom”. The conference focused on an incident that should have been a The Sophia Sun will be on hiatus during Urielic awakening to conscience and for the summer months. In the meantime, have a many it was, but for our government, it restful summer. -
Sophie Scholl: the Final Days 120 Minutes – Biography/Drama/Crime – 24 February 2005 (Germany)
Friday 26th June 2015 - ĊAK, Birkirkara Sophie Scholl: The Final Days 120 minutes – Biography/Drama/Crime – 24 February 2005 (Germany) A dramatization of the final days of Sophie Scholl, one of the most famous members of the German World War II anti-Nazi resistance movement, The White Rose. Director: Marc Rothemund Writer: Fred Breinersdorfer. Music by: Reinhold Heil & Johnny Klimek Cast: Julia Jentsch ... Sophie Magdalena Scholl Alexander Held ... Robert Mohr Fabian Hinrichs ... Hans Scholl Johanna Gastdorf ... Else Gebel André Hennicke ... Richter Dr. Roland Freisler Anne Clausen ... Traute Lafrenz (voice) Florian Stetter ... Christoph Probst Maximilian Brückner ... Willi Graf Johannes Suhm ... Alexander Schmorell Lilli Jung ... Gisela Schertling Klaus Händl ... Lohner Petra Kelling ... Magdalena Scholl The story The Final Days is the true story of Germany's most famous anti-Nazi heroine brought to life. Sophie Scholl is the fearless activist of the underground student resistance group, The White Rose. Using historical records of her incarceration, the film re-creates the last six days of Sophie Scholl's life: a journey from arrest to interrogation, trial and sentence in 1943 Munich. Unwavering in her convictions and loyalty to her comrades, her cross- examination by the Gestapo quickly escalates into a searing test of wills as Scholl delivers a passionate call to freedom and personal responsibility that is both haunting and timeless. The White Rose The White Rose was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor. The group became known for an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign, lasting from June 1942 until February 1943, that called for active opposition to dictator Adolf Hitler's regime. -
The Executioner at War: Soldiers, Spies and Traitors
The Executioner At War: Soldiers, Spies and Traitors lbert Pierrepoint was not called up when war broke out. But there were war-related changes for him as well. Not only murderers and A murderesses could now be punished by death, there were sentences under the Treason Act and Treachery Act as well, both imposing »death« as the maximum penalty. The Treason Act went back to an ancient law of King Edward III's time (1351). »Treason« was, first of all, any attack on the legitimate ruler, for instance by planning to murder him, or on the legitimacy of the succession to the throne: It was treason as well if someone tried to smuggle his genes into the royal family by adultery with the queen, the oldest daughter of the king or the crown prince’s wife. This aspect of the law became surprisingly topical in our days: When it became known that Princess Diana while married to the Prince of Wales had had an affair with her riding instructor James Hewitt, there were quite some law experts who declared this to be a case of treason – following the letter of the Act, it doubtlessly was. However as it would have been difficult to find the two witnesses prescribed by the Act, a prosecution was never started. Just Hewitt’s brother officers of the Household Cavalry did something: They »entered his name on the gate« which was equivalent to drumming him out of the regiment and declaring the barracks off limits for him.317 During World War II, it became important that a person committed treason if they supported the king’s enemies in times of war. -
The White Rose in Cooperation With: Bayerische Landeszentrale Für Politische Bildungsarbeit the White Rose
The White Rose In cooperation with: Bayerische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildungsarbeit The White Rose The Student Resistance against Hitler Munich 1942/43 The Name 'White Rose' The Origin of the White Rose The Activities of the White Rose The Third Reich Young People in the Third Reich A City in the Third Reich Munich – Capital of the Movement Munich – Capital of German Art The University of Munich Orientations Willi Graf Professor Kurt Huber Hans Leipelt Christoph Probst Alexander Schmorell Hans Scholl Sophie Scholl Ulm Senior Year Eugen Grimminger Saarbrücken Group Falk Harnack 'Uncle Emil' Group Service at the Front in Russia The Leaflets of the White Rose NS Justice The Trials against the White Rose Epilogue 1 The Name Weiße Rose (White Rose) "To get back to my pamphlet 'Die Weiße Rose', I would like to answer the question 'Why did I give the leaflet this title and no other?' by explaining the following: The name 'Die Weiße Rose' was cho- sen arbitrarily. I proceeded from the assumption that powerful propaganda has to contain certain phrases which do not necessarily mean anything, which sound good, but which still stand for a programme. I may have chosen the name intuitively since at that time I was directly under the influence of the Span- ish romances 'Rosa Blanca' by Brentano. There is no connection with the 'White Rose' in English history." Hans Scholl, interrogation protocol of the Gestapo, 20.2.1943 The Origin of the White Rose The White Rose originated from individual friend- ships growing into circles of friends. Christoph Probst and Alexander Schmorell had been friends since their school days. -
An Analysis on the Influence of Christianity on the White Rose
Religion and Resistance: An Analysis on the Influence of Christianity on the White Rose Resistance Movement Laura Kincaide HIST 3120: Nazi German Culture Dr. Janet Ward December 1, 2014 1 Because religion often leads people to do seemingly irrational things, understanding a person’s religion is essential to understand his/her actions. This was especially true in Nazi Germany when religious conviction led some people to risk their lives to do what they believed was right, others allowed their religion to be transformed and co-opted by the Nazis to fit a political agenda while meeting spiritual needs, and still others simply tried to ignore the cognitive dissonance of obeying an authority that was acting in direct contradiction to a spiritual one. This paper will examine the role of Christianity in resistance movements against the Nazis with a focus on the White Rose in an attempt to explain how members of the same religion could have had such drastically different responses to the National Socialists. The White Rose resistance movement officially began in June, 1942 when the group’s first anti-Nazi pamphlet was published and distributed, although the activities and broodings of the members far predated this event. The movement started at the University of Munich, where a small group of students, most notably Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, Alex Schmorell, Willi Graf, Christoph Probst, and Traute Lafrenz, and their philosophy and musicology professor, Kurt Huber, discovered that they shared negative opinions of the Nazis and began meeting in secret to discuss their dissident political views.i Some of the most dedicated and passionate members felt the need to spread their ideas throughout the German populace and call upon their fellow citizens to passively resist the Nazis. -
2018 | 1 Matthias Bode, Traumsommer Und Kriegsgewitter
2018 | 1 Matthias Bode, Traumsommer und Kriegsgewitter. Die 19./20. Jahrhundert – Histoire politische Bedeutung des schönen Sommers 1914, Frankfurt contemporaine a. M. (Peter Lang Edition) 2016, 343 S., 15 s/w Abb., 7 DOI: Tab. (Geschichtsdidaktik diskursiv – Public History und 10.11588/frrec.2018.1.45575 Historisches Denken, 2), ISBN 978-3-631-67702-5, EUR Seite | page 1 69,95. rezensiert von | compte rendu rédigé par Annika Mombauer, Milton Keynes How would our collective memory of the outbreak of the First World War have differed if Archduke Franz Ferdinand had not been assassinated in the summer of 1914, and if the international crisis that followed had not occurred during exceptionally warm and pleasant weather, but in a foggy February or a rainy October? The outcome of the crisis may have been similar, notwithstanding the fact that military decision makers did of course have to pay heed to the seasons. But contemporaries would have told the story of the outbreak of war without the familiar metaphor of a glorious summer which was cruelly overshadowed by storm clouds as international tensions heightened until they were finally »discharged« in an electric storm, i. e. war. In his interesting investigation of the meaning, importance and longevity of the »dream summer« metaphor, Matthias Bode makes a convincing case that it certainly »would have been a different story« (p. 42) if war had broken out at a different time of year. Bode has painstakingly researched how and why contemporaries and later commentators used the image of the »glorious summer« of 1914. Using diaries, letters, autobiographies, novels and later accounts by historians, he shows convincingly that the metaphor of the »dream summer« encompassed many important and recurring themes: it speaks of innocence and surprise, and of regretful longing for a more peaceful past. -
The Story of the White Rose Martyrs
Taylor University Pillars at Taylor University Taylor Theatre Playbills Campus Events 2-16-2018 Why We Must Die So Young: The tS ory of the White Rose Martyrs Follow this and additional works at: https://pillars.taylor.edu/playbills Part of the Acting Commons, Dance Commons, Higher Education Commons, Playwriting Commons, and the Theatre History Commons Recommended Citation "Why We Must Die So Young: The tS ory of the White Rose Martyrs" (2018). Taylor Theatre Playbills. 38. https://pillars.taylor.edu/playbills/38 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Campus Events at Pillars at Taylor University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Taylor Theatre Playbills by an authorized administrator of Pillars at Taylor University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taylor Theatre Presents Why We Must Die So Young The Story of the White Rose Martyrs A New Play by William Gebby ARTISTIC DIRECTOR On July 5, 2010 I received an email from Bill Gebby, after asking him to write a play for the Taylor Touring Company: I was wracking my brain for a suitable play and it hit me: the cast will be composed of college students so...a play about college students would be perfect….There have been plays and films based on the White Rose, but I want to take it in the direction of exploring the camaraderie, brotherhood and sisterhood, and vision of brave young people purposing to serve God rather than man. My response was “ I LOVE it…proceed”. What we embarked upon that summer was the beginnings of what you will experience tonight. -
Today's Martyrs
Today’s Martyrs Resources for understanding current Christian witness and martyrdom White Rose resistance milestones – 1941 through 1945 This timeline contains not only the events of the arrest and execution of the Christian members of the anti-Nazi White Rose resistance movement, but also relevant entries of Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen (who had inspired them with his anti-Nazi homilies) and Helmut James Graf von Moltke (the jurist responsible for sending the White Rose leaflets to London) Sunday July 13, 1941 Germany: Munster Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen (aged 63, co-authored the 1937 encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge, which attacked the philosophical underpinnings of the Nazi regime; UPDATE: delivered a homily attacking the Gestapo for human and civil rights violations that denied justice and created a climate of fear in the country) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen Sunday July 20, 1941 Germany: Munster Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen (aged 63, UPDATE: delivered a homily stating that written protests against the government’s anti-Christian activities had failed, that clergy and religious were still being arrested and deported, and that the German people were being destroyed not by the Allies’ war activities but rather by negative forces within the country) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen Sunday August 3, 1941 Germany: Munster Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen (aged 63, UPDATE: delivered a homily condemning the desecration of churches, the closing of convents -
Bayerns Letzter Henker Johann Baptist Reichhart (* 29
Bayerns letzter Henker Johann Baptist Reichhart (* 29. April 1893 in Wichenbach bei Wörth an der Donau; † 26. April 1972 in Dorfen bei Erding) war von 1924 bis 1946 staatlich bestellter Scharfrichter. Reichhart entstammte einer bayerischen Abdecker- und Scharfrichtersippe, die bis in die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts zurückzuverfolgen ist. Sein Vater († 1902) besaß in der Einöde Wichenbach bei Tiefenthal eine kleine Landwirtschaft und arbeitete im Nebenerwerb als Wasenmeister. Johann besuchte die Volks- und die Feiertagsschule in Wörth an der Donau und schloss beide mit Erfolg ab. Er machte eine Lehre als Metzger. Scharfrichter in der Weimarer Republik Reichhart übernahm im April 1924 in Bayern das Amt des Scharfrichters von seinem Onkel Franz Xaver Reichhart (1851–1934). Bestellt vom bayerischen Justizministerium, wurde Reichart mit 150 Goldmark je Hinrichtung, zehn Mark Tagesspesen und kostenloser Eisenbahnfahrkarte 3. Klasse entlohnt. Bei Hinrichtungen in der Pfalz durfte er auch per Schnellzug anreisen. In den Jahren 1924 bis 1928 nahm die Anzahl der Hinrichtungen ab (im Jahr 1928 eine Hinrichtung). Reichhart hatte zunehmend Schwierigkeiten, den Lebensunterhalt seiner Familie zu bestreiten. Er erreichte, dass er zukünftig eine Nebentätigkeit – auch im Ausland – ausüben durfte und er von der Residenzpflicht entbunden wurde. Mangels Aufträgen gab er 1925 sein Fuhrwerkgeschäft auf, ebenso wie im darauffolgenden Jahr seine Gastwirtschaft am Mariahilfplatz. Danach verkaufte er als Handlungsreisender katholische Traktate in Oberbayern. 1928 wollte Reichhart seinen Vertrag mit dem Justizministerium lösen; dies gelang ihm nicht. Er verlegte seinen Wohnsitz nach Den Haag und war dort erfolgreich als selbständiger Gemüsehändler tätig. Im Frühjahr 1931 und im Juli 1932 reiste er nach München, um im Gefängnis Stadelheim je ein Todesurteil zu vollstrecken. -
DIE WIDERSTÄNDIGEN / Zeugen Der Weißen Rose, Dokumentarfilm, 92 Minuten
Traute Lafrenz, Freundin von Hans Scholl 1942 ! Privatbesitz / Seybold Film D i e W i d e r s t ä n d i g e n Z e u g e n d e r W e i ß e n R o s e D o k u m e n t a r f i l m v o n K a t r i n S e y b o l d 1 D ie W id e r st ä n di g en Z e u g e n d e r W e i ß e n R o s e D o k u m e n t a r f i l m v o n K a t r i n S e y b o l d __________________________________________________________________________ Ein anderer Widerstand: Die Weiße Rose - die erste dokumentarische Gesamtdarstellung der Widerstandsarbeit der Münchner Studenten in den Kriegsjahren 1942 und 1943: Gefährten, Freundinnen und Geschwister erzählen, wie sie Flugblattaktionen unterstützten, wie sie Gestapoverhöre und Volksgerichtshof überstanden - manche, die niemand vorher gefragt hat. ana radica ! Presse Organisation Herzog-Wilhelm-Str. 27 D-80331 München Fon 089-2366120 Fax 089-23661220 [email protected] www.ana-radica-presse.com Basis-Film Verleih GmbH Südendstr. 12 D-12169 Berlin Fon 030-7935161 Fax 030-7911551 [email protected] www.basisfilm.de 2 I n h a l t s v e r z e i c h n i s _______________________________________________________________________ Die Zeugen in der Reihenfolge ihres Erscheinens 3 Stab / Credits / Verleih 4 Kurzinhalt 5 Zu den Zeugen 6 Warum überhaupt noch einen Dokumentarfilm über die Weiße Rose ? 7 Director's note 8 Synopsis 10 Bio-Filmografie Katrin Seybold 13 Über Lilo Fürst-Ramdohr und Traute Lafrenz-Page 14 "Wenn einer spricht, wird es hell" Auszüge aus: "Zeitgeschichtlicher Film und Geschichtswissenschaft" Vortrag zum 75. -
I) Enhanced Interrogation (Torture
Secret Intelligence Service Room No. 15 Notes (I) Enhanced Interrogation (Torture) (C-IV) 28012017CIVR15tyxz Position : Overcome with intelligence, NOT via appeal to bestiality Table of Interrogation Techniques Apparently Recommended/Approved by U.S. Officials OK’d by Haynes Status Proposed Legal Approved Approved Proposed Approved 11/27/02; after by per by by Technique Category by Phifer by Hill Approved Rumsfeld’s Working Beaver Dunlavey Rumsfeld 10/11/02 10/25/02 by 1/15/03 Group 10/11/02 10/11/02 4/16/03 Rumsfeld Order 4/4/03 12/02/02 Direct, straightforward — — — — — — — Yes Yes questions Approved for Yelling at detainee I Yes Yes Yes Yes OK Yes Yes discretionary use Approved Deception: multiple for I Yes Yes Yes Yes OK Yes Yes interrogators discretionary use Deception: Approved Interrogator is from for country with discretionary reputation for I Yes Yes Yes Yes use OK Yes Yes harsh treatment of detainees; “False Flag” Incentive or removal of — — — — — — — Yes Yes, incentive Playing on a detainee’s love for — — — — — — — Yes Yes a particular group Playing on a detainee’s hate for — — — — — — — Yes Yes a particular group Significantly/ or moderately — — — — — — — Yes Yes increasing fear level of detainee Reducing fear level — — — — — — — Yes Yes of detainee Boosting the ego of — — — — — — — Yes Yes detainee Insulting the ego of detainee, not beyond the limits — — — — — — — Yes Yes that would apply to a POW Invoking feelings of — — — — — — — Yes Yes futility in detainee Convincing detainee — — — — — — — Yes Yes interrogator knows all -
Um 800 V.U.Z. 3 Vor 322 V.U.Z. 4 Circa 306 3. März 321 3. Juli 321 Um Das
3 um 800 v.u.Z. 3 Kulmbach * Aus dieser Zeit stammt der älteste Nachweis, dass Bier auf deutschem Boden gebraut worden war. Es sind dies Bieramphoren aus der Hallstattzeit, die in der Nähe von Kulmbach gefunden wurden. Vor 322 v.u.Z. 4 xxx * Nach den Lehren des Aristoteles [+322 v. Chr.] besteht jeder Stoff aus den vier Elementen Erde, Wasser, Luft und Feuer. Durch eine Änderung der Anteile der Elemente in einem Stoff wollte man diesen umwandeln - und so beispielsweise Blei zu Gold machen. Circa 306 Elvira * Im 4. Jahrhundert hat man die ersten rechtlichen Bestimmungen zur "Ehelosigkeit" und zur "Sexuellen Enthaltsamkeit von Priestern" erlassen. 3. März 321 Rom ? ? Der Kaiser Konstantin der Große erklärt den Sonntag, den Heiligen Tag des Christentums und des Mithraskultes, für arbeitsfrei ? für "alle Richter und Einwohner der Städte, auch die Arbeiter aller Künste". Einzig landwirtschaftliche Arbeiten bleiben sonntags erlaubt. Das Edikt des Kaisers gilt als die Geburtsstunde des staatlich geschützten Ruhetags. 3. Juli 321 Rom ? ? Das Dekret Kaiser Konstantin des Großen, in dem er den Sonntag als gesetzlichen Ruhetag im römischen Reich erklärt, tritt in Kraft. Um das Jahr 350 Rom * Als im 4. Jahrhundert - nach der Bekehrung Konstantins - das "Römische Imperium" ein "christliches Reich" wird, muss sich das Christentum der veränderten Situation anpassen. Augustinus entwirft die Theorie des "gerechten" Krieges: "Gerecht werden die Kriege genannt, die Unrecht rächen". Und weiter: "Ich glaube nicht, dass der Soldat, der einen Feind tötet, wie auch der Richter und der Henker, die einen Verbrecher hinrichten, sündigen, denn mit ihrem Handeln gehorchen sie dem Gesetz". Nur ein Krieg mit dem Ziel Reichtümer und Ehre zu gewinnen, gilt als unstatthaft.