Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Adams, D. L. “The White Rose: An Interview with Mrs. Suzanne Zeller-Hirzel.”, New English ​ Review, Oct. 2009, ​ https://www.newenglishreview.org/DL_Adams/The_White_Rose%3A_An_Interview_wi th_Mrs_Susanne_Zeller-_Hirzel/. Accessed 17 May 2020. This website contains excerpts from the leaflets that were personally written by members of the White Rose as well as an interview conducted with one of the two survivors of the White Rose organization, Suzanne Zeller. She explained her experience in the White Rose and how religion impacted the thinkings of the German people. Feder, Gottfried. “Program of the National Socialist Workers’ Party and it’s General Conceptions.” Internet Archive, 1932, ​ ​ https://archive.org/details/GottfriedFeder_TheProgramOfTheNSDAP. Accessed 17 January 2020. This is a translated version of The Program of the NSDAP, explaining Hitler’s rise to power, as well as, transferring his ideology into a plan of action to improve Germany in a short period of time, including his plans of unifying German citizens. This source allowed me to understand the rise of anti-semitism within Germany, which eventually led to the Holocaust. Huber, Wolfgang. E-mail message to son of White Rose member Professor Kurt Huber. May 21, 2020. This is a personal interview I was able to conduct with the child of one of the main members of the White Rose, Professor Kurt Huber. He explained the professor’s role in the group and how he worked with his students to protest against the wrongdoings of the government. Kittan, Tomas, director. “I Am the Last White Rose: BILD Visited Traute LaFrenz (99) in the USA.” YouTube, BILD, 28 Aug. 2018, https://youtu.be/QMk6kumX0yM ​ ​ This is a video that is a primary interview with the last survivor of the White Rose, Traute Lafrenz-Page. During the video, she talks about her experience being a member of the group and what she remembers about the execution of Hans and Sophie Scholl as well as when she was arrested. Her interview gave me a better understanding of what life was like for the White Rose members. Kronawitter, Hildegard. E-mail message to president of the White Rose Foundation. April 13 2020. This is a personal interview I conducted with the president of the White Rose Foundation in Munich Germany via E-mail. This is a very significant part of my project because Dr. Kronawitter was able to provide detailed answers to my interview questions, especially about the impact the White Rose had on the German population and the legacy that the White Rose was able to leave on youths in the modern world. Lang, Silvere, director. “The White Rose Hans and Sophie Scholl.” YouTube, Chem in Neuf Net ​ ​ for God, 20 June 2017, https://youtu.be/5kuzC8sLYTs. This is a video that includes interviews with multiple people, including the Scholls’ family friend, the president of the White Rose Foundation in Munich, authors, and professors. These interviews explain the Scholls’ family background, which helps to explain why they were later able to break the barriers of anti-semetism. Schmorell, Markus. E-mail message to nephew of White Rose member Alexander Schmorell. May 21, 2020. This is a personal interview I conducted with a descendent of a White Rose member. He informed me about the importance of Alexander Schmorell in the group and why the White Rose is still a significant influence to modern society because of the special ideas that they kept throughout their protests. Scholl, Han. “First Graffiti Campaign.” White Rose History, Feb. 3, 1943, ​ ​ https://whiterosehistory.com/1943/02/03/first-graffiti-campaign/. Accessed 13 January 2020. This is Hans Scholl’s translated interrogation from February 20, 1943. As one of the leading figures in the White Rose, Hans explained the night he created his first graffiti campaign with Alexander Schmorell. Creating graffiti campaigns was one of the White Rose’s tactics in protesting against the Nazi Regime. The White Rose. “The Six Pamphlets of the White Rose.” This is Common Sense, ​ ​ http://thisiscommonsense.com/pdf/SixPamphlets-WhiteRose.pdf. Accessed 29 December 2019. This is a translated document of the six pamphlets written and distributed by members of the White Rose. This source allows me to understand the purpose of their campaign and the message they want to send to the ignorant German citizens who continued to hold anti-semetic beliefs due to Hitler’s manipulations. “Wannsee Protocol” University of Michigan, 1942, ​ ​ http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/news/uploads/WanseeProtocols.pdf. Accessed 29 December 2019. This is a translated document of the Wannsee Protocol, which is the evidence prepared for the Nuremberg Trials, including documentation on the wrongdoings of the German government and the tragedy of the Jewish population. This evidence allows me to further understand the results of the anti-semetic beliefs. Wilson, Kip. E-mail message to author. January 21 2020. This is a personal interview conducted with the author of the award-winning book White ​ Rose in which explains the significance of the organization and emphasizes the members’ ​ bravery and willingness to break the barriers of the anti-semetic beliefs. Through this e-mail interview, I was able to understand the purpose of the group’s movements and the actions they took in order to protest the unjust in their country. “25 Points of the Nazi Party.” Virginia Holocaust Museum, n.d., ​ ​ https://www.vaholocaust.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/25Points.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2020. This is a translated copy of the Program of Nazi Party, which outlined the ideas that Adolf Hitler had prepared for Nazi Germany. This document shows the preexisting anti-semetic ideas that Hitler had before taking power in Germany. Images “Adolf Hitler Greets President Paul Von Hindenburg.” United States Holocaust Memorial ​ Museum, 21 Mar. 1933, ​ https://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/archive/hitler-hindenburg/ This image shows Adolf Hitler shaking hands and bowing to President Paul von Hindenburg on March 21, 1933, after he was appointed as the German chancellor in Potsdam, Germany. “Ein Deutsches Flugblatt.” Dirk Deklein, n.d., ​ ​ https://dirkdeklein.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/productmediapic7191_757.jpg?w=750 This is another image of the third leaflet that was written and distributed by members of the White Rose. Through writing the leaflets, the group wanted to spread the non-violent protest to other ignorant German citizens. “Einsatz.” Jewish Virtual Library, n.d., ​ ​ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/images/Holocaust/einsatz1.jpg This image shows a Nazi soldier who is holding a gun to a Jewish man’s head and is about to shoot him into a hole dug to bury the dead bodies. There is a row of Nazi soldiers watching behind them. This shows the brutality of the Nazi beliefs, which is the idea that the White Rose is fighting against. “End of World War II 0902.” CNN, 2 Sept. 1945, ​ ​ https://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/130902154011-01-end-of-world-war-ii-0902-sto ry-top.jpg This image shows the Japanese surrendering to the Allies on September 2, 1945, which officially ended World War II. “Et Deutsches Flugblatt.” GDW Berlin, n.d., ​ ​ https://www.gdw-berlin.de/fileadmin/bilder/themen/Relaunch_2016/22442x.jpg This image shows the third leaflet that was written by the White Rose. In this leaflet, the group clearly defines what passive resistance means and what the people should do to protest against the evils of the Nazi Regime. Florian Peljak. “Kurt Huber.” Süddeutsche Zeitung, n.d., ​ ​ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/image/sz.1.4051592/640x360?v=1531394117. Accessed 21 May 2020. This is a picture of Kurt Huber’s son, Wolfgang Huber, next to the picture of Professor Huber at the White Rose Foundation in Munich, Germany. I used this image when presenting an interview I conducted with Mr. Wolfgang Huber. “Franz Schneider Verlag”, Cloudinary, n.d., ​ ​ https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/q_auto,w_720/dposgy9zfewe8j96ntzl.jpg This image shows Hitler smiling and taking care of German children with the words “Children, what do you know about the leader?” underneath. I used this image in the historical context part of my website to show how the Nazis used propaganda to gain support. “Freisler Trial.” Holocaust Research Project, 1944, ​ ​ http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/images/Freisler.jpg This image shows the German jurist Roland Freisler holding up the Nazi salute. Freisler was the judge who enforced the execution of many members of the White Rose, including Sophie Scholl and Hans Scholl. “German Invasion of Poland.” History Conflicts, n.d., ​ ​ http://historyconflicts.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/invaded-poland-by-germans-sovi et-union.png This image shows the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939. It shows the beginning of World War II as the German soldiers march towards Poland while holding up the Nazi flag. “German Troops Parade through Warsaw, Poland.” National Archives Catalog, Sept. 1939, ​ ​ https://www.archives.gov/files/research/military/ww2/photos/images/ww2-77.jpg This image shows an organized group of German Nazi soldiers marching during World War II. In the middle of the soldier group, there is a Nazi flag. “Germany Surrenders to Allies.” Huffington Post, 7 May 1945, ​ ​ https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5cc113e82400005500e42668.jpeg?ops=scalefit_720 _noupscale In this image, General Jodl is signing the German surrender on May 7, 1945, officially ending German involvement in World War II. Shortly after, on September 2, World War II officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. “Geschwister Scholl stamp.” Thought Co, 1961, ​ ​ https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Sf7VVM-5px4ovuTcCag8hRLar9o=/768x0/filters:no_ upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Stamps_of_Germany_DDR_1961_MiNr_0852- 593b81073df78c537b11870a.jpg This image shows Sophie and Hans Scholl on a German stamp, which demonstrates the White Rose’s influence on the public.