D2.2.1 REGIONAL REPORT South Tyrol - Italy
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WPT1 D2.2.1 REGIONAL REPORT South Tyrol - Italy December 2016 • Clare Giuliani, Christian Hoffmann WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy 2 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy Institution European Academy of Bolzano Institute for Regional Development and Location Management Viale Druso, 1 / Drususallee 1 39100 Bolzano / Bozen – Italy t +39 0471 055 300 f +39 0471 055 429 e [email protected] w www.eurac.edu Authors Christian Hoffmann Senior Researcher and Project Leader Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 328 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected] Clare Giuliani Junior Researcher Project Assistant Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 435 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected] 3 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy TABLE OF CONTENTS Index 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 7 Short description of administrative system in Italy .................................................... 7 Institutional structures of Val Passiria TA (South Tyrol) ......................................... 11 2. ACTUAL STRATEGIES on SGI ...................................................................................... 23 Basic report on the strategies ................................................................................ 23 General problems, related to the delivery of SGI ................................................... 26 Identified gaps ....................................................................................................... 28 Existing plans, trends ............................................................................................. 29 3. INTEGRATED APPROACH ............................................................................................ 31 Integration models ................................................................................................. 31 Need for integration ............................................................................................... 33 4. CONCLUSIONS, INPUT FOR WPT3 .............................................................................. 35 5. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 37 6. APPENDICES................................................................................................................. 42 Tables Table 1: Competences regarding services of general interest. ............................................ 10 Table 2: Municipalities, inhabitants and settlements of Val Passiria. .................................... 12 Table 3: Network of private TV operators. ........................................................................... 14 Table 4: Broadbandnetwork of the municipalities. ................................................................ 16 Table 5: Basic medical doctors in Val Passiria. ................................................................... 19 Table 6: Chemist shops in Val Passiria. .............................................................................. 20 Table 7: Home for elderly people in Val Passiria. ................................................................ 20 Table 8: Number of collected Documents. ........................................................................... 23 Figures Figure 1: The 20 regions of Italy and South Tyrol in red. ....................................................... 7 Figure 2: Permanent settlements in South Tyrol. ................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Val Passiria test area, its municipalities, roads and position in South Tyrol. ......... 12 4 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy Figure 4: Network of private TV operators (RAS 2016). ....................................................... 15 Figure 5: Wireless coverage of providers Antea, BB44 and NGI, the status and the planned expansion of glass fiber races in Val Passira. ...................................................... 17 Figure 6: Organisation of the South Tyrolean health Institutions. ......................................... 19 Appendices Report on the collection of strategies .......................................................... 42 Report on carrying out the interviews ........................................................ 42 Interview questions in your language .......................................................... 44 5 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy 6 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy 1. INTRODUCTION Short description of administrative system in Italy Administrative competences of the State Since 1948, the Italian Republic is composed of “… Regions, Provinces and Municipalities”1 as article 114 of the Italian Constitution points out (Constitution of the Republic of Italy2 1948). Italy has 20 regions, 15 ordinary regions (Autonomy Statute of South Tyrol, ASt, Art. 131, 1972 3 ) and 5 regions (Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Friuli- Venezia Giulia, Sicily and Sardinia) have been granted a special status (Autonomy Statute of South Tyrol, Art. 116, 1972). These five regions due to their cultural, historical, geographic or linguistic reasons are granted a higher degree of autonomy. One of the regions with a special Statute is Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (South Tyrol), formed by the Provinces Trento and Bolzano due to the ethical fragmented society (Pallaver 2008) living in the Province of Bolzano. Figure 1: The 20 regions of Italy and South Tyrol in red. The Italian Constitution of 1948, reformed in 1972, 1990 and 2001 (Italian Constitution Title V), grants the province of Bolzano significant powers in its legislative, administrative and financial competences, which should protect the German and Ladin minority at the national level. With the constitutional reform in 2001, based on the constitutional law no. 3/2001, the role and competences of the regions with normal statue, the local administration as well as the financial autonomy were strengthened. Thus, administrative competences were transferred from the centre to the periphery. Hence, according to article 117 of the Italian Constitution the State has exclusive powers in the following areas: 1 Since the constitutional reform law no. 3/2001, Article 14 reads: "The republic consists of municipalities, provinces, cities, regions and the state [...]” Happacher E., Ritz, R., Grundzüge des Italienischen Verfassungsrechts unter Berücksichtigung der verfassungsrechtlichen Aspekte der Südtiroler Autonomie, S. 240. 2 Henceforth Italian Constitution or Constitution. 3 ASt – Autonomy Statute of South Tyrol. 7 European Regional Development Fund WPT1 Regional report: South Tyrol – Italy Foreign and Defence Policy Implementation of EU measures Citizenship and immigration Civil- and Criminal Law Administration of jurisdiction Taxation and budgetary Framework law of environmental protection The protection of civil and social rights Besides these areas common legislation covers national central structures, social security, labour law and spatial and urban planning. All other political areas not explicitly listed or mentioned in the Constitution lie within the competences of the Regions (Benedikter 2007). The central state does not directly guard the regional legislation, however, it is entitled to appeal the law in front of the Constitutional Court (ibid). The trend towards more regionalism since 2001 has been hampered by the new constitutional revision plans of 2015. However, the referendum on 4 December 2016 resulted in the majority of the Italians voting “No” for the reform while the majority of South Tyroleans voted “Yes”. Thus, the reorganisation of the system with more decision competences for the national government and more centralisation was not supported. Administrative competences of the Region Trentino-Alto Adige/South Tyrol The Region of Trentino-South Tyrol consists of the three main bodies: 1) The regional council -representative body responsible for policy making; 2) The giunta - the executive body with a number of deputies responsible for a specific administrative branch; and 3) The president – whose powers include representation, nomination, designation and administration (Vesperini 2011) differ from the provinces mainly due to the range of discretionary power, which they entail. The law governing regional powers is complex and comprises concurrent jurisdiction between the region and the State. The region Trentino-Alto-Adige/South Tyrol, within its respective competences governs the administrative task of the local governmental bodies. Its primary competences are the regulation of the regional offices, semi-regional institutions, sanitary and hospital authorities. The region is special in the sense that it is compound of the two provincial constituencies of Trento and Bolzano-South Tyrol, each having a legal authority equal to the regions as they have their own autonomy and own bodies (Pichler 2013). The two provinces Trento and Bolzano-South Tyrol are the main pillars of the region and since 2001 the provincial councils have the substantial initiative competence to amend the Autonomy Statute. Administrative competences of the Province Bolzano-South Tyrol Bolzano-South Tyrol is an autonomous province in the North of Italy