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From Digits to Quantum: the Technology Behind the Click

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From Digits to Quantum: the Technology Behind the Click Driving tomorrow’s technologies From digits to quantum: the technology behind the click BCS South Wales, 11 March 2021 ”There are ten types of people in the world: those who understand binary and those who don’t.” Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 2 Nothing new under the sun? 1821 Thomas Seebeck discovers the semiconductor properties of PbS 1833 Michael Faraday reports on conductivity temperature dependence for “semi- conductors” 1873 Light sensitive properties in Se discovered by W Smith 1875 Werner von Siemens invents selenium photometer Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 3 Nothing new under the sun? 1844 Samuel Morse sends first telegraph message 1866 Transatlantic Telegraph cable laid UK-USA 1876 Alexander Graham Bell demonstrates first telephone “Mr Watson come here, I want you” Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 4 "One day, every town in America will have a telephone” American small town mayor, 1888 Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 5 “New Technology” adoption rates (time to 50 million users) Source: Visual Capitalist Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 6 "We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run” Amara’s Law (American Futurist Roy Amara) Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 7 Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 8 Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 9 Semiconductor revolution (transistors per chip) 1971 2,300 (Intel 4004, 12mm2) 1979 29,000 (Intel 8088, 33mm2) 1989 310,000 (ARM 3, 87mm2) 1995 5,500,000 (Intel Pentium Pro, 307mm2) 2008 47,000,000 (Intel Atom, 24mm2) 2013 1,000,000,000 (Apple A7, 102mm2) 2018 10,000,000,000 (Apple A12X/ARM64, 122mm2) 2018 23,600,000,000 (Graphcore GC2, 825mm2) Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 10 In 1978, a commercial flight between London and New York cost $900 and took seven hours Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 11 If the principles of Moore’s Law worked in the airline industry, that flight would now cost about a penny and take less than one second Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 12 Technology revolution ANALOGUE 1800s to 1960s 10110100100101010101010101010110100100101010101010101010010101010101010101011010010010101010101111010100010 10110101001010101010101010101101001001010101010100101010101010101010010101010101010101011010010010101010100DIGITAL 010101010101010101001010101010101010101101001001010101010110010010101010101010101001010101010101010101101001970s to 2010s 10010101010101111010100010101101010010101010101010101011010010010101010101001010101010101010100101010101010 QUANTUM 2020s and beyond Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 13 Materials revolution Evolution defined by importance of materials Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age Steel Age? Plastics Age? Semiconductor Age? Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 14 Atomic Engineering Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 15 Global Supply chains EVs 5G Connectivity LiDAR Machine vision Big Data Sensing Healthcare Energy Robotics VCSELs ….. The new era of Laser Technology Device aware Optical Comms VCSEL chip Gestures VCSEL wafer Magnetic storage 3D Imaging Cosmetic Data centres Printing Industrial Heating Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 17 QFoundry Project title: QFoundry (Quantum Foundry) Project value: £5,777,425 Duration: 36 months Project partners: Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 18 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) • Encryption: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) • Single photon point t point links • Entangled photons • Quantum teleportation Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 19 Atomic clocks to sensors • Improved accuracy for navigation • Gravity & magnetic field sensors • Determination and measurement of SI units • In-process battery cell sensing • MWIR – see through clouds, smoke, snow, smog • Single photon imaging Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 20 Global semiconductor clusters - silicon Korea Japan California Taiwan Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 21 European semiconductor clusters Leuven Eindhoven Dresden Grenoble Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 22 30+ year evolution of CS cluster SWANSEA NEWPORT CARDIFF Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 23 Evolution of the community £26M Building a $1B Technology Community £90M SIPF Start SIPF £18M £75M £8M £50M Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Manufacturing £22M Cardiff University CDT £42M £375M Consortium to prepare Strength in Places (SIPF) application EPSRC CS Manufacturing Hub Manufacturing CS EPSRC Formation of CSconnected Ltd CSconnected of Formation APC & Driving the Newport Mega Foundry Electric Revolution Announcement of Institute for Compound Semiconductors Compound for Institute of Announcement Royce Low Loss LEVERAGING Electronics Roadmap Establishment of Compound Semiconductor Applications Catapult Applications Semiconductor Compound of Establishment Formation of Compound Semiconductor Centre Semiconductor Compound of Formation RD&I UK National Quantum Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 24 Challenge fund to drive Programme Quantum technologies Birth of the CSconnected identity 2016 2020 Concept of a common brand 2018 Establishment of base for agreed between partners Collective activities common marketinG and skills established on voluntary basis activities 2017 CSconnected brand concept launched at CS-International conference, Brussels 2019 Establishment of Csconnected Ltd Submission of SIPF proposal under CSconnected brand Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 25 The nucleus of the Global CS Cluster in CCR Leveraged investment pipeline of >£600m The Entities Centre for Integrated Institute for Compound Semiconductor Compound Semiconductor Semiconductors Materials Centre (CSC) Technology TRL 7-9 Readiness TRL 4-6 Production Level TRL 1-3 Prototyping R&D Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 26 RD&I investment: levelling up EU funding % of total expenditure on R&D+I 2.4% 18% 3% The UK government have 1.7% committed to reach 2.4% UK Wales by 2027 Governments Expenditure & Revenue In 2017, investment in UK Net fiscal balance as % of R&D+I totalled 1.7% GDP GDP <1.7% 0 Source: ONS (2019) UK gross domestic expenditure on research and -5 development, 2017. -10 Investment in Welsh R&D+I below UK average of 1.7% -15 -20 Wales UK Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 27 Collaborative Research & Development Packages 3.1: Next Genera\on op\cal 3.2: LarGe Scale GaAs-based 3.3: Novel and efficient CS 3.4: Advanced processes for comms and sensinG wafer manufacturinG Wafer Fabrication Tools 5G and EAV systems PackaGe includes hiGh Development scalable This activity will address Demonstration of an capacity data-centres and compound semiconductor the development of next advanced volume assembly LIDAR sensinG for solutions for photonic, generation processinG capability for hiGh value CS autonomous vehicles. wireless and flexible equipment and associated based electronic modules photovoltaic applications. processes required to scale for 5G components and up CS wafer and device miniaturised electric fabrication. vehicle motor drives. NWF, Cardiff Uni, Swansea Uni, CSC, IQE, IQE, NWF, Microsemi, Swansea, Microlink SPTS,Cardiff Uni, CSC, IQE, NWF, CSACatapult. MicroChip, CSA Catapult, Cardiff Uni, SPTS, CSA Catapult, Microsemi, devices Swansea Uni, SPTS, NWF, IQE, CSC Rockley Photonics Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 28 THANK YOU csconnected.com Driving tomorrow’s technologies ● 29.
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