DOCSLIB.ORG

Contemporary Campaigns to Spread Islam in Mali

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contemporary Campaigns to Spread Islam in Mali 11 The Fulbe shaykh and the Bambara "pagans": contemporary campaigns to spread Islam in Mali Benjamin F. SOARES1 This essay looks at a high-profile Fulße Muslim religieus leader from Mali and explores his relations with the people of the Mande.2 This Muslfm religious leader or shaykh (Fulfulde, seeku)3, El-Hadj Chcikh Sidy Modibo Kane Diallo4 of Dilly in the circle of Nara, is perhaps one of the most influential religious leaders in present day Mali.5 The essay focuses on this man, considered by many to be a friend of God (wali),6 and examines the devclopment of his "career" as a shaykh 1 The research on which this article is based was generously funded by Fulbright-Hays, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, USIA/Fulbright and the West African Research Association/Center. I am grateful to the many people in Mali who provided information for this article, especially El- Hadj Cheikh Sidy Modibo Kane Diallo (1925-1996), whose recent death deeply saddens me. I dedicate this article to his memory. I would also like to thank Jane E. Goodman, John Harrelson, John O. Hunwick, Robert Launay, and Muhammad Sani Umar for their comments and suggestions, 2 Amselle (1990) argues that thé Ful6e should be included within thé Mande cultural area. I hâve no objections to this but choose in this discussion to use local ideological constructs about who is/is not Mande/Fulße. 3 Seeku (from thé Arabie shaykh) is considered higher in rank than a moodibo (pi. moodibaaBe), another loan word in Fulfulde from thé Arabie, mu'addib, meaning teacher. Moodibo is used to refer to a broad range of Muslim religious spectalists, including scholars, teachers, and diviners. It is équivalent in meaning to ceerno (pi. seernaaße) in the Pulaar dialect of Fulfulde spoken in western Mali and in the Senegal River valley. Like seeku, moodibo can be used as a proper name. 4 Here I follow the orthography used by Sidy himself, for example, on the stamp he puts on his correspondence in French. In the rest of the essay, I will refer to him as Sidy, as many do. 5 "Chef religieux" (Religious leader) is Sidy's self-appellation m French, found, for example, painted on his automobiles. Religious leader is also the most satisfactory translation of seeku/shaykh. 6 Wali is the Arabic word used in Fulfulde (pi. waliyaaoe), I translate wali hère as friend of God rather than saint to avoid confusion with the latter's Christians referents (cf. Denny 1988, Cruise O'Brien 1988). 268 PEULS ET MANDINGUES THE FULBE SHAYKH AND THE BAMBARA "PAGANS" 269 12 and a wali."71 show how this career has been constructed in large part through appeals to Oumou for petitionary prayers and blessings (duwaawu). Soon after ideological oppositions between Fulße and Mande/Bambara, as well as through the her death, her tomb in Dilly became a major pilgrimage site.13 shaykh's interactions with actual Bambara people, particularly his efforts to spread Dilly is presently home to a large concentration of Kane Diallo family members, Islam among the country's non-Muslim ("pagan") rural Bambara population and to including Sidy, whom Oumou designated from among her grandsons as spiritual eradicate the widespread practice of spirit possession. As I suggest, k is in such head of thé family. The présence of thé Kane Diallo family with ils réputation gives conversion campaigns that one can see most clearly how individuals — both Fulße thé town a spécial aura. Indeed, Dilly is commonly referred to as thé town of walis and Mande/Bambara — deploy such ideological oppositions. Ultimately, however, (wuro waliyaaße).14 While not all Kane Diallo family members are considered the results of such campaigns to spread Islam remain rather ambiguous. walis, many, nonetheless, believe that ail descendants of Mohammed Abdoulaye Souad hâve baraka (God's favor orblessing). Although baraka is conceived of as heritable within this family, people frequently point out that such baraka is something that must also be continually The sufi: his life and the making of a career worked for.15 That is, even within a family as blessed as thé Kane Diallo family, heredity is not enough. This is precisely what is said about Sidy. In the past few decades, his réputation has spread throughout Mali, with many active followers or Sidy was born in 1925 into the Kane Diallo family, a Fulße family with a long disciples (taalibaaße) and représentatives (muqaddams) from various ethnie groups, and illustrious réputation as learned and pious Muslims.8 Indeed, several members Bambara, Fulße, Soninke, Moor, etc.16 People stress that his numerous followers of the Kane Diallo family have been considered walis.9 And a considérable amount and his tremendous popularity are an index of baraka. That he has worked for of the family's prestige comes from the réputations of such celebrated ancestors, baraka can be seen in his comportaient and in such personal characteristics as his with two of these undoubtedly the most famous. The first, Mohammed Abdoulaye modesty, generosity, and directness.17 Souad, came from a toorooddo family, originally from the Matam area of the Sidy, being born into a family of walis, has, in a sensé, claimed thé title and Senegal River. He studied with a leading Kunta shaykh in Timbuktu, taking the réputation of wali as his birthright. But this does not accurately describe local Qadiri wird (litany of prayers) from him. He then went on to become the first understandings. What Sidy has claimed is thé title of shaykh, a title in thé Malian prominent shaykh of the sufi order, the Qadiriyya, in the family with many context that is usually reserved for very few Muslims.18 This claim is announced followers (taalibo, pi. taalibaaße), beginning a tradition of sufism and spiritual on all of his vehicles, where he has painted "El-Hadj Cheikh Sidy Modibo Kane, leadership that has continued in the family to the present. After having had very chef religieux à Dilly". To his followers, he deserves this title, which is accorded close ties with the miers of Maasina during Seku Amaadu'syj/zad, Mohammed only to those moodibaaße who enjoy a considérable following. Abdoulaye Souad moved out of the orbit of Maasina.10 He died shortly before the His réputation for being a wali follows from a différent set of understandings. A French conquest in the town of Diina in the Bakounou where his tomb is an wali never openly proclaims himself as such. As elsewhere in thé Muslim world, important pilgrimage site. Malian Muslims generally acknowledge that the state of being a wali is conferred by The second of these famous ancestors is Mohammed Abdoulaye Souad's sole 11 child to live beyond infancy, his daughter, Oumou. Although she developed a 12 Many Malians are named after Oumou of Dilly. Frequently, childless people make an oath réputation as a wali like her father before her, this occurred under considerably (Fulfulde, takke; Bambara, dafale) that if they hâve a child, they agrée to name the child Oumou or changed circumstances. French colonial rule brought improved transportation and Modibo, after her father and her son. Communications, as well as new networks of colonial civil servants and soldiers 13 This is reported by the French colonial administration as early as 1945. See ANM: lE-104,3 from throughout the colonies, all of which contributed to the spread of her (F.R.), "Rapport de la tournée effectuée par le Commandant, cercle de Nioro, 8-13 nov. 1945, subdivision de Nara". réputation and that of her family in the French Sudan and beyond into the other 14 Dilly is even referred to as thé town of walis in a recently recorded song in Fulfulde about Sidy colonies in French West Africa. Until her death in 1942, countless people made by thé Malian singer, Ina Baba Coulibaly. 15 In Dilly, this was also stated by one of Sidy's muqaddams (représentatives) from Jenne over a loudspeaker at the official opening of thé yearly ziyara (Arabie, visit; Fulfulde, juraade, to visit a 71 refer here to the "career of sainthood" used by Triaud (1988). wali) coinciding with thé célébration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday (Arabie, mawlid al- 8 I have provided more detail«! biographical information about Sidy and his family elsewhere (see nabi) in August 1994. Soares 1995, cf. Marty 1920). 16 The muqaddams appointed by Sidy number literally in thé hundreds. They are his local * Kane is an honorific used among the Toorod&e (sg. loorotfdo) clerisy by those with the pullo représentatives and are authorized to give people thé Qadiri wird. patronym Diallo if they are scholars or members of a scholarly lineage (see Willis 1978). The 11 Similarly, those people who are his followers (taalibaaße) are supposed to work for him as their Kane Diallo family repons that they are Toorod6e. shaykh, by performing physical labor or giving gifts of money and kind. In so doing, they are said 10 See Sanankoua (1990) for a discussion of Maasina and ils successive rulers. to work for baraka. 18 1 ' There is considérable discussion of Oumou in the archives, especially after 1941. See Archives In those areas of Mali (and neighboring Mauritania) where Arabie or Hassaniyya is spoken, the Nationales du Mali, Koulouba (ANM.) 4E-42.4 (Fonds Récents). word shaykh is used more frequently. 270 PEULS ET MANDINGUES THE FULBE SHAYKH AND THE BAMBARA "PAGANS" 271 God (Denny 1988). Although one may be a watt without oneself or others being among non-Muslims in Mali and elsewhere.22 Although by most accounts aware of it, ordinary Muslims may be able to identify a particular watt by certain islamization was one of the unintended conséquences of French colonial raie, there signs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Maroons to Mardi Gras
    FROM MAROONS TO MARDI GRAS: THE ROLE OF AFRICAN CULTURAL RETENTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK INDIAN CULTURE OF NEW ORLEANS A MASTERS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BY ROBIN LIGON-WILLIAMS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ETHNOMUSICOLOGY DECEMBER 18, 2016 Copyright: Robin Ligon-Williams, © 2016 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv. ABSTRACT vi. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 History and Background 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Research Question 2 Glossary of Terms 4 Limitations of the Study 6 Assumptions 7 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9 New Orleans-Port of Entry for African Culture 9 Brotherhood in Congo Square: Africans & Native Americans Unite 11 Cultural Retention: Music, Language, Masking, Procession and Ritual 13 -Musical Influence on Jazz & Rhythm & Blues 15 -Language 15 -Procession 20 -Masking: My Big Chief Wears a Golden Crown 23 -African Inspired Masking 26 -Icons of Resistance: Won’t Bow Down, Don’t Know How 29 -Juan “Saint” Maló: Epic Hero of the Maroons 30 -Black Hawk: Spiritual Warrior & Protector 34 ii. -Spiritualist Church & Ritual 37 -St. Joseph’s Day 40 3. METHODOLOGY 43 THESIS: 43 Descriptions of Research Tools/Data Collection 43 Participants in the Study 43 Academic Research Timeline 44 PROJECT 47 Overview of the Project Design 47 Relationship of the Literature to the Project Design 47 Project Plan to Completion 49 Project Implementation 49 Research Methods and Tools 50 Data Collection 50 4. IN THE FIELD 52 -Egungun Masquerade: OYOTUNJI Village 52 African Cultural Retentions 54 -Ibrahima Seck: Director of Research, Whitney Plantation Museum 54 -Andrew Wiseman: Ghanaian/Ewe, Guardians Institute 59 The Elders Speak 62 -Bishop Oliver Coleman: Spiritualist Church, Greater Light Ministries 62 -Curating the Culture: Ronald Lewis, House of Dance & Feathers 66 -Herreast Harrison: Donald Harrison Sr.
    [Show full text]
  • Helth and Irrigation, Volume 2
    Health and Irrigation Incorporation of disease-control measures in irrigation, a multi-faceted task in design, construction, operation Health and Irrigation Incorporation of disease-control measures in irrigation, a multi-faceted task in design, construction, operation J.M.V. Oomen J. de Wolf W.R. Jobin Publication 45 International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement/ILRI P.O. Box 45,6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands 1994. First Edition 1988 Reprinted 1994 0International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement/ILRI Wageningen, The Netherlands. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without written permission of ILRI. ISBN 90 70754 177 Printed in the Netherlands Preface At the beginning of the 1980’s, the International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI) approached the Dutch Directorate of International Cooperation (DGIS) with a proposal that DGIS assist in financing an ILRI publication entitled Health and Zrrigation. This publication would be concerned with health care in irriga- tion projects in areas where water-related diseases (e.g. malaria, schistosomiasis, filar- iasis, onchocerciasis) were endemic or could become endemic through the implementa- tion of water-resources-development projects. Before any irrigation project is planned, implemented, and operated, ILRI feels that a study should be made of the project’s potential consequences for human health. This study should be holistic and multidisciplinary; it should identify any expected negative effects on human health, and should make a cost-benefit analysis of the mea- sures that need to be taken to prevent, treat, and control any of the identified diseases. It should focus particular attention on environmental-management measures and on the institutional aspects of incorporating safeguards into the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Faidherbia Albida in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics
    ICRAF Faidherbia albida in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics InternationalCropsResearch Institutefor the Semi-Arid Tropics InternationalCentrefor Research in Agroforestrj Abstract Citation: Vandenbeldt, R.J. (ed.) 1992. Faidhierbia albida in the West African semi-arid tropics: proceedings of a workshop, 22-26 Apr 1991, Niamey, Niger. (In En. Summaries in En, Fr, Es.) Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; and Nairobi, Kenya: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry. 212 pp. ISBN 92-9066-220-4. Order Code: CPE 076. This workshop brought together scientists and development workers, primarily those working in the West Africa region, to: review past and present research findings on Faidherbiaalbida; discuss development issues and "lessons learned" from past and present; list research priorities for the future; and promote collaboration between research and development programs. These proceedings summarize the state of knowledge on the species and provide a comprehensive list of ongoing research. Papers are divided into sessions on: botany and distribution: uses; genetics, provenance trials, and vegetative proplgation; site eff'ects, silvi.ulture, and rhizosphere; and development issues. Recommenda­ tions from Working Grcups for future research and multidisciplinary linkages are included. Rsum Faidherb'a albida dans les :ones tropicales semi-arides de I'Afrique occidentalt--comptes rendits d'un welier, 22-20 avril 1991, Niam "v,Niger. Cet atelier a regroup6 des chercheurs et des coopdrants, essentiellement ceux qui travaillent en Afrique de l'Ouest. I1a 6t destind : faire lepoint sur les rdsultats des recherches faites sur Faidherbia alhida dans lepas,:6 et ' pr6sent; dfbattre des sujets concernant ledtveloppement et des 'Ieqos tires' du passd et du pr6sent; dresser laliste des priorit6s pour l'avenir: et promouvoir lacollaboration entre les programmes de recherche et de dfveloppement.
    [Show full text]
  • First Steps Towards the Detection of Contact Layers in Bangime: a Multi-Disciplinary, Computer-Assisted Approach
    First steps towards the detection of contact layers in Bangime: A multi-disciplinary, computer-assisted approach 1 Introduction Bangime, a language isolate spoken in central-eastern Mali, represents an enigma, not only in terms of linguistics, but also with regards to their past ethnographic affiliations and migration patterns. The speakers of Bangime, the Bangande, live among and claim to constitute one of the Dogon groups that also occupy the rocky terrain of the Bandiagara Escarpment. However, there is little evidence in support of the Bangande being genetically affiliated with the Dogon or speaking one of the estimated 21 Dogon languages, nor of their being related to the neighboring Mande-speaking groups who inhabit a valley which stretches from the west and ends at the eastern edge of the Escarpment. Further to the north of the area where Bangime is spoken lies the vast Sahara desert, the southern borders of which are occupied by Songhai-speaking populations. Throughout the region are found Fula semi-nomadic herders who speak Fulfulde. Thus, we know that the Bangande have had the opportunity to engage in contact with each of these populations, but because there are no written historical records of their past settlement and migration patterns, nor have there been any archeological investigations of the western portions of the Bandiagara Escarpment where the Bangande are found today, we must rely on data from the present to reconstruct a picture of the past. Figure 1 illustrates the geographic positions of the languages represented in the sample with respect to where Bangime is spoken. Note that the points represent approximations; languages such as Fulfulde have a reach throughout the entire region and even beyond to bordering nations.
    [Show full text]
  • METRO CHARLOTTE MACON CHARLESTON TOP 10 UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUPS in METRO CHARLOTTE 704.975.6884 [email protected]
    LEXINGTON WV KY VA TN GA SC AUGUSTA METRO CHARLOTTE MACON CHARLESTON TOP 10 UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUPS IN METRO CHARLOTTE 704.975.6884 [email protected] 1. ARAB-LEVANT 2. ERITREAN 3. GUJARATI 4. HINDI 5. INDONESIAN 6. MALINKE-BAMBARA 7. NEPALI-PAHARI 8. PUNJABI 9. SOMALI 10. TELUGU Check out the people group map of Metro Charlotte: ncbaptist.org/prayermap Become More Involved: DAN COLLISON Metro Charlotte Strategy Coordinator, PALESTINE, Arab-Levant MIDDLE EAST God brings the Arab-Levant people to us from the Fertile Crescent, the land along a northward arc between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. The people of the Arab-Levant live along the route Abram and Sarai took on their journey to the land of Canaan. The Levant includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine. As with most Arabs, they practice Sunni Islam and show a genuine hospitality to strangers. Many of the Arab-Levant people have lived in North Carolina for 20 years or more and have well-established businesses. As a result, our Arab-Levant neighbors invest deeply in North Carolina’s communities. Their hospitality and their close proximity in many of our neighborhoods present many opportunities to develop genuine friendships. Religion: Sunni Islam Discovered: Blue Ridge, Charlotte, Greenville, Fayetteville, Triad, Triangle, Unifour Estimated NC Population: 7,645 Where could you find the Arab-Levant? bit.ly/arabpalestiniancharlotte ERITREA, Eritrean HORN OF AFRICA God brings the Tigre and Amhara people (different from the Ethiopian-Amhara people) to us from the country of Eritrea in the Horn of Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Crafting Our Future
    For Earth Consciousness and Sustainable Living BANGALORE VOLUME 4, ISSUE - 1 JANUARY - MARCH 2013 Rs. 80/- Crafting our Future The Joy of Making Craft and Sustainability The Kitchen is a Temple Where the Hand has Ears Satish Kumar Vandana Shiva AmadouJanuary - MarchHampate 2013 Eternal Ba Bhoomi 1 Today, an argument, an attitude, faces crafts and artisans in India. This is the argument of economics, of sustainability, of marketability, which is the argument of financial survival... (But) those who believe that crafts are only about beauty and aesthetics are in error, just as those who believe in the other argument, the economic argument, and think that paying for itself is the sole justification, are wrong... The hard argument, the real argument, which overrides all others, is not exclusively about sentiment or reason – but about common sense. And that common sense tells that whatever we do in terms of economic planning and development in India, there will always be several hundred million people in this country, the figure being unverified, who cannot but live with and through the work of their hands. Now it is a great compensation of nature that these hundreds and millions of people have talent in their hand, which the assembly-liners and the free-marketers do not quite concede. And that talent is the unexplored reservoir which needs to be used for their good which means the greater good of the great number of the people of India. - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Quoted in the Craft Economics and Impact Study Report published by the Crafts Council of India, Chennai, April 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaged, Multicultural Individualism in the Millennial Works of Maryse Condé and Zadie Smith
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses March 2019 ENGAGED, MULTICULTURAL INDIVIDUALISM IN THE MILLENNIAL WORKS OF MARYSE CONDÉ AND ZADIE SMITH Nicole Calandra University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation Calandra, Nicole, "ENGAGED, MULTICULTURAL INDIVIDUALISM IN THE MILLENNIAL WORKS OF MARYSE CONDÉ AND ZADIE SMITH" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 1510. https://doi.org/10.7275/nqqg-9021 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1510 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ENGAGED, MULTICULTURAL INDIVIDUALISM IN THE MILLENNIAL WORKS OF MARYSE CONDÉ AND ZADIE SMITH A Dissertation Presented by NICOLE M. CALANDRA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2019 Comparative Literature © Copyright by Nicole M. Calandra 2019 All Rights Reserved ENGAGED, MULTICULTURAL INDIVIDUALISM IN THE MILLENNIAL WORKS OF MARYSE CONDÉ AND ZADIE SMITH A Dissertation Presented by NICOLE M. CALANDRA Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Kin-Based Joking Relationships, Obligations, and Identity in Urban Mali Rachel A
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Anthropology Honors Projects Anthropology Department 5-1-2007 "You Eat Beans!": Kin-based Joking Relationships, Obligations, and Identity in Urban Mali Rachel A. Jones Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/anth_honors Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Jones, Rachel A., ""You Eat Beans!": Kin-based Joking Relationships, Obligations, and Identity in Urban Mali" (2007). Anthropology Honors Projects. Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/anth_honors/2 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “YOU EAT BEANS!”: KIN-BASED JOKING RELATIONSHIPS, OBLIGATIONS, AND IDENTITY IN URBAN MALI Rachel Jones Advisor: Sonia Patten Anthropology Department Macalester College April 30, 2007 Rachel Jones © ii ABSTRACT For people in urban environments, practices and beliefs allowing creation of supportive social relationships are important for dealing with economic and other insecurities. This paper examines roles of rhm`mjtw`, a kin-based joking relationship, in Bamako, Mali. I argue that people in Bamako use and negotiate practices and beliefs associated with rhm`mjtw` for practical purposes. Participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, and historical research were used to examine ways that Malians use this joking relationship to promote social cohesion, circumvent the power of the state, provide opportunities for economic gain, and preserve cultural histories and identities in a rapidly changing urban environment. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper could not have been completed without the help, support, and encouragement of numerous people.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmers on the Move Mobility, Access to Land and Conflict in Central and South Mali
    Farmers on the move Mobility, access to land and conflict in Central and South Mali Karin Nijenhuis Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr J.W.M. van Dijk Professor of Law and Governance in Africa Wageningen University Co-promotor Dr M.M.A. Kaag Senior Researcher African Studies Centre, Leiden Other members Prof. Dr C. Leeuwis, Wageningen University Prof. Dr W.E.A. van Beek, Tilburg University Dr C. Toulmin, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, United Kingdom Dr M. Breusers, KU Leuven, Belgium This research was conducted under the auspices of the CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development Farmers on the move Mobility, access to land and conflict in Central and South Mali Karin Nijenhuis Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 November 2013 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Karin Nijenhuis Farmers on the move: Mobility, access to land and conflict in Central and South Mali, 290 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2013) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6173-720-5 Contents List of maps, figures, tables and photos viii Acknowledgements xi 1 THE ‘DISCOVERY’ OF MOBILE FARMERS 1 The ‘discovery’ of mobile farmers 1 The sedentary image of farmers 9 Mobility and land use 13 Research questions 15 Defining the mobility of farmers 17
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 1. Michelle Bach-‐Coulibaly Senior Lecturer Theater Arts
    Curriculum Vitae 2010-2015 1. Michelle Bach-Coulibaly Senior Lecturer Theater Arts and Performance Studies Brown University 2. 63 Cypress Street, Providence, RI 02906 www.yeredonmali.org 3. Education M.F.A. (Dance, Teaching, and the Body Therapies) Connecticut College. 1982. B.F.A. (Theater and Dance) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1980 4. Professional Appointments Brown University, Promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1997-current. National Theater Institute, Visiting and Core Faculty. 1982-current. Theatre Makers, Eugene O’Neill Theatre Center. Faculty. 2010- current. Visiting Instructor of Dance. Rhode Island School of Design. 2009. Visiting Adjunct Professor of Dance. Queens College, NY. 2008. Director of the Antioch College Study Abroad Program. Art and Culture in Mali. 2006. Brown University, Lecturer. 1987-1997 Director of After School Program, “WHO AM I?” Shea High School. 2002-2006. Connecticut College. Visiting Assistant Professor. 2001, 2000 and 1996. Bristol Community College. Adjunct Professor in Theater. 2001. Artistic Director of Babemba USA. 1991-2006. Roger Williams Middle School, Director of West African Dance Program 1989-2001. The Music School. Director of Dance Program. 1994-97 Trinity Square Repertory Theater Conservatory. Core Faculty. 1981-1989. Connecticut College. Teaching Fellow. 1980-82. The Williams School. Director of Dance, 1981-84. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Teaching Associate. 1979-80. 5. Completed Research Original devised movement theatre pieces for the Concert Stage, Film, Outreach in and Out of School Time programs, collaborative qualitative studies, and International Festivals. The Rhythm of Change Festival 2015. www.rhythmofchangefestival.com Contemporary Mande Performance as Cultural Diplomacy I produced the 2015 Rhythm of Change Festival in conjunction with Zach Ruffa.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict and Controversy in Small Cinemas
    Interdisciplinary Studies in Performance 12 12 Interdisciplinary Studies in Performance 12 Janina Falkowska /Krzysztof Loska (eds.) Janina Falkowska / Krzysztof Loska (eds.) Conflict and Controversy in Small Cinemas This book examines small cinemas and their presentation of society in times of crisis and conflict from an interdisciplinary and intercultural point of view. The authors concentrate on economic, social and political challenges and Conflict and Controversy point to new phenomena which have been exposed by film directors. They present essays on, among others, Basque cinema; gendered controversies in Small Cinemas in post-communist small cinemas in Slovakia and Czech Republic; ethnic stereotypes in the works of Polish filmmakers; stereotypical representation of women in Japanese avant-garde; post-communist political myths in Hungary; the separatist movements of Catalonia; people in diasporas and during Falkowska/KrzysztofJanina Loska (eds.) migrations. In view of these timely topics, the book touches on the most serious social and political problems. The films discussed provide an excellent platform for enhancing debates on politics, gender, migration and new aesthetics in cinema at departments of history, sociology, literature and film. The Author Janina Falkowska is a retired professor from the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario (Canada) and Professor at the University of Economics and Humanities (WSEH) in Bielsko-Biala (Poland). She specializes in East-Central European and Western European cinemas and has published extensively on Polish and East-Central European cinemas in journals and books related to Eastern and Central Europe. She has initiated a series of conferences about small cinemas in Europe and organized workshops and conferences on European cinemas in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali): the 1981 Season
    Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali): the 1981 Season http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip100038 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali): the 1981 Season Author/Creator McIntosh, Susan Keech Date 1995 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Middle Niger, Mali, Djenné Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, GN865.M42 E93 1995X Rights By kind permission of Susan Keech McIntosh. Description Contents. List of Figures. List of Tables. Foreword. Acknowledgments. 1: Background to the 1981 research.
    [Show full text]