DOCSLIB.ORG

Report .R.E S U M E S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report .R.E S U M E S REPORT .R.E S U M E S ED 011 120 AL 000 219 SELECTED TITLES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS,AN INTERIM BIBLIOGRAPHY . OF WORKS ON MULTILINGUALISM,LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION, AND LANGUAGES OF WIDER COMMUNICATION. BY- PIETRZYK, ALFRED AND OTHERS CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS,WASHINGTON, D.C. PUB DATE MAY 67 EDRS PRICEMF-$9.36 HC-$9.04 226P. DESCRIPTORS- *SOCIOLINGUISTICS,*BIBLIOGRAPHIES, LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION,MULTILINGUALISM, PIDGINS, SOCIOLINGUISTICS, ETHNICGROUPS, SOCIOLOGY, 'LINGUISTICS',.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY INCLUDES APRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY WHICH WAS COMPILED FOR ASOCIOLINGUISTICS-SEMINAR HELD AT THE LINGUISTIC INSTITUTE, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA,IN THE SUMMER OF 1964 AND AN ADDENDUM ADDED IN MAY1967. THE PRIMARY EMPHASIS IS ON LANGUAGE IN ITS RELATION TOSOCIAL PHENOMENA. THE MAIN AREAS COVERED' ARE' LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY, (2) MULILINGUALISM, (3) LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION,AND (4) LANGUAGE OFIDER COMMUNICATION. ALISTING OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES RELEVANT TO THE FIELD AND GENERAL REFERENCEWORKS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. ABSTRACTS ARE PROVIDEDFOR MOST OF THE ENTRIES. (RS) CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVE., N.W.,WASHINGTON, D.0. O r4 ir4I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WELFARE O OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS MEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGAMEATION 0116INA1IN6IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENTOFFICIAL OffICElli EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. SELECTED TITLES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS An Interim Bibliography of Workson Multilingual ism, Language Standardization, and Languages of Wider Communication AlfreckPiitriyk, Editor Janet Roberts Duckett Kathleen. Pearce Lewis George-Dimitri Selim SECOND DISTRIBUTION MAY 1967= I. YAL 000 21 g s. CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVE., N.W., WASHINGTON,_ SELECTED TITLES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS . An Interim Bibliography of Works on Multilingualism, Language Standardization, and Languages-of Wider Communication Pertly Annotated through 1964, with Addenda (Titles Only) for 1964-1966 Alfred Pietrzyk, Editor Janet Roberts Duckett Kathleen Pearce Lewis George DiMitri Selit The research embodied in this volume was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (GS6325) to the Social Sciince Research Council, and in part by the. Council's co-sponsorship. MAY 1967 PREFACE This bibliography of selectedworks in sociolinguisticswas prepared in 1964 as a preliminary working document for the SociolinguisticsSeminar co-sponsored by the Center forApplied Linguistics and theSocial Science Research Council and held in conjunctionwith the Linguistic Society of America at Bloomington, Indiana, during the summer of 1964. The avail- able supply of copies was soon exhausted, and it has thereforeproved desirable to arrange for the present Second Distribution whichincludes some minor corrections as wellas Addenda for 1964-1966 (titles only) arranged alphabetically by author. The Addenda includereferences to recently published works whichare cited as preprints in themain por- tion of the bibliography. For the purposes of this interimedition, the main emphasisis on language in its relationships with intrinsically social phenomena. Anthropological, ethnographic, psychological, andcertain peripheral implicationsof lan- guage and society are not covered. The extensive literatureon,dialects and on biblingualism is represented mainly by itemsexemplifying material of an essentially social .character. However, some of the excludedtopics are accounted for'in the cited referencematerials which are summarized in the Statement on Bibliographies. In more specific terms, the coverage is focused on sociolinguisticstudies of Multilingualism, LanguageStandardization includinglanguage policies, and Languages of Wider Communication. A brief introductorysection of general works on Langua& and Society andan Index of Authors are alsopro- vided. Descriptive abstracts are givenfor most main entries, whichare numbered to facilitatecross-referencing. The help and guidance received from Charles A. Ferguson, theproject's ini- tiator, and from certain other scholars, is hereby gratefullyacknowledged. The preparation of this'bibliography would not have beeh possiblewithout the contributions of the principalbibliographers, Janet Roberts Duckett and Kathleen Pearce Lewis, the help ofGeorge Dimitri Selim who hasworked mainly on, the addenda, and thetyping assignment carriedout by Frances Lamberts and Mildred Russell. Special acknowledgment is madeto the National Science Foundationfor its support of.the project through a grant to the Social Science ResearchCoun- cil, and to the Council itselffor its support asco-sponsor. Alfred Pietrzyk, Editor ERECEDING PAGE BLANK-NOT FILMED TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE. .1 A STATEMENT ON BIBLIOGRAPHIES , . 01 V 1 LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY: OVERALL ASPECTS . 1 2 MULTILINGUALISM: LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS IN SOCIALSPACE . 12 2.1 Essays in Theory and Method . 12 2.2 Language and Social Factors: Specific Cases . 41 2.3. Language Situations . CO 2.3.1 Africa . 84 2.3.2The Americas . 93- ) 2.3.3 Asia, Australia, and Oceania . 102 2.3.4 Europe and the Soviet Union . 112 3 LANGUAGE STANDARDIZATION.. , . 118 3.1 General Studies and Comparisons 118 3.2 Case Studies . 129- 4 LANGUAGES OF WIDER COMMUNICATION . 165' , 4.1 General Studies . 165. 4.2 Specific Cases . 172 , ..,INDEM'OF AUTHORS . 186 ADDENDA FOR 1964-1966 . 194, iii riui, riLait-i) PIMPINGRAGE BLANK- 'A STATEMENT 'OW BIBLIOGRAPHIES This note points to some of themajor bibliographies listedamong the main entries, specifying additionallists of titles and other sources of information on topics of sociolinguisticrelevance not covered in this bibliography. Also included isa small selection of reference materials coveringgeneral aspects of the socialsci- ences and the field of linguistics. Under the general headings,sociology of language and sociolinguis- tics, titles are listed by Hertzler[12], Lounsbury [15.and 16], Savitz [25], and -- with an emphasis on European contributions-- by Cohen [5] and the Bulletinsignaldtique [27]. The subject, lan- guage, society and literature, is dealt withby Duncan [7]. The principal bibliographieson bilingualism are those by-Haugen [76] and Weinreich [144]. The topic, bilingualism andI. Q., is covered by [57]. Child language is dealt withby Leopold [102]. See also: Tireman, L. S. "Bilingual. Children ".. Reviewof.Educational Research 14. 273-278, 1944. [Summary of literature for 1941-1943and a biblio- graphy of 32 items.] The substantial listing by, Wentworth [149] refers'to studiesof, special dialeCts,.argoti slang,etc. Some aspects. of this general ,area are also coveredin:Stewart, William A., ed. Non-Standard Speech and the Teaching of,English. (Language Information Series 2.) Washington: Center for AppliedLinguistics, 1964. :[Passim.], Language and nationalism is' treated'from the point of view ofso- cial communication. by Deutsch[59],, and with reference.to language policiesjn,multilingual-countriesby Harrison 452]. Haugen 4535] lists,a number of titles relevantto language'pinning.. Psycholingu:itics is covered inthe volume edited by Osgood and Sebeok, cited under [63],as' well asin: Saporta, Sol, ed. Psycho- linguisticst:* -Book:Of Readings.,New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.;,.4Passim.] The literature on Anthropological linguistics,ethnolinguistics, and Whorf's hxpothesis. is' surveyed:int ifoijet,Harry. ,"Anthropolo..... gical Linguistics". In: Christine. Mohrmann,et al., 'trends, . in European and American Linguistics, 1930-1960 (Utrechtand Ant- werp: Spectrum, publishers, 1961)pp.110-127. v Discussions of the originand development of speechare listed in: Gray, Giles Wilkeson; andWise, Claude'Merton. TheBases.of Speech: New York: Harper and Bros., [Pp: 533-545.] The folloWing publications contain references to various studies of human communication: Berelson, Bernard. Content Analysis in Communication Research. Glencoe: Free Press, 1952. [Pp. 199-220.] Cherry, Colin. On Human Communication. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 957. [Pp. 308-323, 367 items.] DeFleur;Me1Vin L., and Larsen, Otto N. The Flow.of.Informa- tion: An Experiment in Mass Communication. New York: Harper and Bros.; 1958. [Pp. 285-293.] Hare, Paul, Borgatta; Edgar F., and Bales,'Robert P. Small Groups: Studies in Social Interaction. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955. [Pp. 579-661, annotated.] Miller, George A. Language and Communication. New York: McGraw Hill, 1951. [Pp. 276-286.] Schramm, Wilbur, 0. The Science. 'of Human Communication. New York: Basic Books,-1963:. [Passim.] The subject of animal communication is doCumented, itu Lanyon, W. E., and Tavolga, W. N. Animal Sounds and Communication. Publication. No. 7, American Institute of Biological Sciences. Washington, 1960. [Passim.] The publications included in the following sample contain references to the literature-on semantics: Carikap,;Rudolf.,Meaning anNecestity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Phoenix Books, 1960. [Pp. 251-253.1 Ogden, C. K., and Richards, I. A. The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt; Brace. and Co., Inc., 1956. -[Passim4 Osgood, C. 'E.,:Suci, G. J.,.and Tannenbaum, P. H.The:Measure- ment of Meaning.. Urbana: University of Illinoisjress, 1957. [Pp. ,336-342.] ;. 1 Quine,lallard'llan.OrMan. Words and Obect. -New York: John srgliey*1960,. 1Pp, 277-2854 Schaff, Adam. Introduction:to-Semantics. ew York: Pergamon Press, 1962.- [P. 366 -390. ] vi Semiotics (paralinguistics, kinesics, etc.). is dealtmithin:,Sebeok, Thomas A., Hayes, Alfred S., and Bateson,.Mary Catherine,eds.%
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No
    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of book Subject Publisher Year R.No. 1 Satkari Mookerjee The Jaina Philosophy of PHIL Bharat Jaina Parisat 8/A1 Non-Absolutism 3 Swami Nikilananda Ramakrishna PER/BIO Rider & Co. 17/B2 4 Selwyn Gurney Champion Readings From World ECO `Watts & Co., London 14/B2 & Dorothy Short Religion 6 Bhupendra Datta Swami Vivekananda PER/BIO Nababharat Pub., 17/A3 Calcutta 7 H.D. Lewis The Principal Upanisads PHIL George Allen & Unwin 8/A1 14 Jawaherlal Nehru Buddhist Texts PHIL Bruno Cassirer 8/A1 15 Bhagwat Saran Women In Rgveda PHIL Nada Kishore & Bros., 8/A1 Benares. 15 Bhagwat Saran Upadhya Women in Rgveda LIT 9/B1 16 A.P. Karmarkar The Religions of India PHIL Mira Publishing Lonavla 8/A1 House 17 Shri Krishna Menon Atma-Darshan PHIL Sri Vidya Samiti 8/A1 Atmananda 20 Henri de Lubac S.J. Aspects of Budhism PHIL sheed & ward 8/A1 21 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Dhirendra Nath Bose 8/A2 22 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam VolI 23 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vo.l III 24 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 25 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vol.V 26 Mahadev Desai The Gospel of Selfless G/REL Navijvan Press 14/B2 Action 28 Shankar Shankar's Children Art FIC/NOV Yamuna Shankar 2/A2 Number Volume 28 29 Nil The Adyar Library Bulletin LIT The Adyar Library and 9/B2 Research Centre 30 Fraser & Edwards Life And Teaching of PER/BIO Christian Literature 17/A3 Tukaram Society for India 40 Monier Williams Hinduism PHIL Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Nimatullahi Sufism and Deccan Bahmani Sultanate
    Volume : 4 | Issue : 6 | June 2015 ISSN - 2250-1991 Research Paper Commerce Nimatullahi Sufism and Deccan Bahmani Sultanate Seyed Mohammad Ph.D. in Sufism and Islamic Mysticism University of Religions and Hadi Torabi Denominations, Qom, Iran The presentresearch paper is aimed to determine the relationship between the Nimatullahi Shiite Sufi dervishes and Bahmani Shiite Sultanate of Deccan which undoubtedly is one of the key factors help to explain the spread of Sufism followed by growth of Shi’ism in South India and in Indian sub-continent. This relationship wasmutual andin addition to Sufism, the Bahmani Sultanate has also benefited from it. Furthermore, the researcher made effortto determine and to discuss the influential factors on this relation and its fruitful results. Moreover, a brief reference to the history of Muslims in India which ABSTRACT seems necessary is presented. KEYWORDS Nimatullahi Sufism, Deccan Bahmani Sultanate, Shiite Muslim, India Introduction: are attributable the presence of Iranian Ascetics in Kalkot and Islamic culture has entered in two ways and in different eras Kollam Ports. (Battuta 575) However, one of the major and in the Indian subcontinent. One of them was the gradual ar- important factors that influence the development of Sufism in rival of the Muslims aroundeighth century in the region and the subcontinent was the Shiite rule of Bahmani Sultanate in perhaps the Muslim merchants came from southern and west- Deccan which is discussed briefly in this research paper. ern Coast of Malabar and Cambaya Bay in India who spread Islamic culture in Gujarat and the Deccan regions and they can Discussion: be considered asthe pioneers of this movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistics Development Team
    Development Team Principal Investigator: Prof. Pramod Pandey Centre for Linguistics / SLL&CS Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Email: [email protected] Paper Coordinator: Prof. K. S. Nagaraja Department of Linguistics, Deccan College Post-Graduate Research Institute, Pune- 411006, [email protected] Content Writer: Prof. K. S. Nagaraja Prof H. S. Ananthanarayana Content Reviewer: Retd Prof, Department of Linguistics Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007 Paper : Historical and Comparative Linguistics Linguistics Module : Indo-Aryan Language Family Description of Module Subject Name Linguistics Paper Name Historical and Comparative Linguistics Module Title Indo-Aryan Language Family Module ID Lings_P7_M1 Quadrant 1 E-Text Paper : Historical and Comparative Linguistics Linguistics Module : Indo-Aryan Language Family INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE FAMILY The Indo-Aryan migration theory proposes that the Indo-Aryans migrated from the Central Asian steppes into South Asia during the early part of the 2nd millennium BCE, bringing with them the Indo-Aryan languages. Migration by an Indo-European people was first hypothesized in the late 18th century, following the discovery of the Indo-European language family, when similarities between Western and Indian languages had been noted. Given these similarities, a single source or origin was proposed, which was diffused by migrations from some original homeland. This linguistic argument is supported by archaeological and anthropological research. Genetic research reveals that those migrations form part of a complex genetical puzzle on the origin and spread of the various components of the Indian population. Literary research reveals similarities between various, geographically distinct, Indo-Aryan historical cultures. The Indo-Aryan migrations started in approximately 1800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border
    Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns.
    [Show full text]
  • From Maroons to Mardi Gras
    FROM MAROONS TO MARDI GRAS: THE ROLE OF AFRICAN CULTURAL RETENTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK INDIAN CULTURE OF NEW ORLEANS A MASTERS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BY ROBIN LIGON-WILLIAMS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ETHNOMUSICOLOGY DECEMBER 18, 2016 Copyright: Robin Ligon-Williams, © 2016 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv. ABSTRACT vi. CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 History and Background 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Research Question 2 Glossary of Terms 4 Limitations of the Study 6 Assumptions 7 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9 New Orleans-Port of Entry for African Culture 9 Brotherhood in Congo Square: Africans & Native Americans Unite 11 Cultural Retention: Music, Language, Masking, Procession and Ritual 13 -Musical Influence on Jazz & Rhythm & Blues 15 -Language 15 -Procession 20 -Masking: My Big Chief Wears a Golden Crown 23 -African Inspired Masking 26 -Icons of Resistance: Won’t Bow Down, Don’t Know How 29 -Juan “Saint” Maló: Epic Hero of the Maroons 30 -Black Hawk: Spiritual Warrior & Protector 34 ii. -Spiritualist Church & Ritual 37 -St. Joseph’s Day 40 3. METHODOLOGY 43 THESIS: 43 Descriptions of Research Tools/Data Collection 43 Participants in the Study 43 Academic Research Timeline 44 PROJECT 47 Overview of the Project Design 47 Relationship of the Literature to the Project Design 47 Project Plan to Completion 49 Project Implementation 49 Research Methods and Tools 50 Data Collection 50 4. IN THE FIELD 52 -Egungun Masquerade: OYOTUNJI Village 52 African Cultural Retentions 54 -Ibrahima Seck: Director of Research, Whitney Plantation Museum 54 -Andrew Wiseman: Ghanaian/Ewe, Guardians Institute 59 The Elders Speak 62 -Bishop Oliver Coleman: Spiritualist Church, Greater Light Ministries 62 -Curating the Culture: Ronald Lewis, House of Dance & Feathers 66 -Herreast Harrison: Donald Harrison Sr.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeolinguistics As a Way to Overcome the Impasse in Comparative Linguistics Wolodymyr H
    Archaeolinguistics As A Way To Overcome The Impasse In Comparative Linguistics Wolodymyr H. Kozyrski1, *, Alexander V. Malovichko2 1The International Physical Encyclopedia Bureau, Mathematical Modeling Laboratory at The Bogolubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine 2Physics Laboratory, The Lyceum at The National Technical University “KPI”, Kiev, Ukraine [email protected] ABSTRACT The paper exposes some essential points of our one and a half decade research results within new approach to study prehistoric stages of human language development mainly in times of ergaster-erectus domination and reflects our reaction to the protracted conceptual crisis in the comparative linguistics. As a result of fundamentally incorrectly stated goals, most of the researchers artificially limited themselves both by the defined scope of the problems to solve and by the methods used. Becoming tightly tied knot of up to now unsolved intrinsic contradictions, today comparative linguistics needs radical change. We have developed a synthetic approach that has proved its effectiveness. Our model is well aligned with prehistoric data of auxiliary historical disciplines and even IBM Genographic project. The results offer further opportunities for interesting studies. Indexing terms/Keywords : Archaeolinguistics, Comparativistics, Ergaster-Erectus, Language Families, Vocabulary Enrichment Subject Classification : Comparative Linguistics Language : English Date of Submission : 2017-12-23 Date of Acceptance : 2018-01-06 Date of Publication : 2018-02-28 ISSN : 2348-3024 Volume : 09 Issue : 01 Journal : Journal Of Advances In Linguistics Publisher : CIRWORLD Website : https://cirworld.com This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1313 1 INTRODUCTION Exclusively complicated and probably completely inexplicable phenomenon, human language origin still excites thought and imagination of today researchers.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodological Algorithm for Diachronic
    Advanced Education Issue 10, 2018 ISSN: 2409-3351 DOI: 10.20535/2410-8286.143784 METHODOLOGICAL ALGORITHM FOR DIACHRONIC INTERPRETATION OF NOSTRATIC *mar-a “tree” (based on the data taken from Bomhard’s “A Comprehensive Introduction to Nostratic Comparative Linguistics: With Special Reference to Indo-European”) Yan Kapranov Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] The article discusses the methodological algorithm for diachronic interpretation of the Nostratic etymon *mar-a “tree” represented in the A. R. Bomhard’s “A Comprehensive Introduction to Nostratic Comparative Linguistics: With Special Reference to Indo- European. The paper elaborates the definition of the Nostratic etymon as a hypothetical language-ancestor, established based on the comparison of the degree of affinity with the available reconstructed etymons at the level of every Nostratic language family (Altaic, Afro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Indo-European, Kartvelian, and Uralic). The author comes to the conclusion that Bomhard used the three research stages to identify the Nostratic etymon. At the first stage (the level of the language family) the comparative-historical method is used with the procedures of internal (etymon(s) / proto-form(s) at the level of the language group) and external (comparison of etymons / proto-forms reconstructed for certain language groups in order to reconstruct etymon / proto-form at the level of the language family) reconstruction; the step-by-step reconstruction method. At the second stage (the level of macrofamily) the mass comparison method is used. It helps to involve the already reconstructed etymons at the level of every Nostratic language family into comparison. At the third stage, a specially developed method of diachronic interpretation is used.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh
    South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 27, No. 1, January-June 2012, pp.141-169 Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh Muhammad Sohail University of the Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT The arrival of the Muslims in the sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan was a remarkable incident of the History of sub-continent. It influenced almost all departments of the social life of the people. The Muslims had a marvelous contribution in their culture and civilization including architecture, painting and calligraphy, book-illustration, music and even dancing. The Hindus had no interest in history and biography and Muslims had always taken interest in life-history, biographical literature and political-history. Therefore they had an excellent contribution in this field also. However their most significant contribution is the bestowal of Urdu language. Although the Muslims came to the sub-continent in three capacities, as traders or business men, as commanders and soldiers or conquerors and as Sufis and masha’ikhs who performed the responsibilities of preaching, but the role of the Sufis and mash‘iskhs in the evolving and development of Urdu is the most significant. The objective of this paper is to briefly review their role in this connection. KEY WORDS: Urdu language, Sufia and Mashaikh, India, Culture and civilization, genres of literature Introduction The Muslim entered in India as conquerors with the conquests of Muhammad Bin Qasim in 94 AH / 712 AD. Their arrival caused revolutionary changes in culture, civilization and mode of life of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Researcher 2015;7(8)
    Researcher 2015;7(8) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”) M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. M.Arulmani, B.E. V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil. (Engineer) (Biologist) [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Presently there are thousands of languages exist across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as dominant language of International business and global communication through influence of global media. If so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of “ENGLISH?”...This scientific research focus that “ANGLISH” (universal language) shall be considered as the Divine and universal language originated from single origin. ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago. Janglish shall be considered as the SOUL (mother nature) of ANGLISH. [M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”). Researcher 2015;7(8):32-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7 Keywords: ENGLISH; dominant language; international business; global communication; global media; linguistics Ancestor; ANGLISH” (universal language) Presently there are thousands of languages exist and universal language originated from single origin. across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical dominant language of International business and global language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who communication through influence of global media. If lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Hindi and Urdu (HIND URD) 1
    Hindi and Urdu (HIND_URD) 1 HINDI AND URDU (HIND_URD) HIND_URD 111-1 Hindi-Urdu I (1 Unit) Beginning college-level sequence to develop basic literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari script only. Prerequisite - none. HIND_URD 111-2 Hindi-Urdu I (1 Unit) Beginning college-level sequence to develop basic literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari script only. Prerequisite: grade of at least C- in HIND_URD 111-1 or equivalent. HIND_URD 111-3 Hindi-Urdu I (1 Unit) Beginning college-level sequence to develop basic literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari script only. Prerequisite: grade of at least C- in HIND_URD 111-2 or equivalent. HIND_URD 116-0 Accelerated Hindi-Urdu Literacy (1 Unit) One-quarter course for speakers of Hindi-Urdu with no literacy skills. Devanagari and Nastaliq scripts; broad overview of Hindi-Urdu grammar. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. HIND_URD 121-1 Hindi-Urdu II (1 Unit) Intermediate-level sequence developing literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari and Nastaliq scripts. Prerequisite: grade of at least C- in HIND_URD 111-3 or equivalent. HIND_URD 121-2 Hindi-Urdu II (1 Unit) Intermediate-level sequence developing literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari and Nastaliq scripts. Prerequisite: grade of at least C- in HIND_URD 121-1 or equivalent. HIND_URD 121-3 Hindi-Urdu II (1 Unit) Intermediate-level sequence developing literacy and oral proficiency in Hindi-Urdu. Devanagari and Nastaliq scripts. Prerequisite: grade of at least C- in HIND_URD 121-2 or equivalent. HIND_URD 210-0 Hindi-Urdu III: Topics in Intermediate Hindi-Urdu (1 Unit) A series of independent intermediate Hindi-Urdu courses, developing proficiency through readings and discussions.
    [Show full text]
  • Helth and Irrigation, Volume 2
    Health and Irrigation Incorporation of disease-control measures in irrigation, a multi-faceted task in design, construction, operation Health and Irrigation Incorporation of disease-control measures in irrigation, a multi-faceted task in design, construction, operation J.M.V. Oomen J. de Wolf W.R. Jobin Publication 45 International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement/ILRI P.O. Box 45,6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands 1994. First Edition 1988 Reprinted 1994 0International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement/ILRI Wageningen, The Netherlands. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without written permission of ILRI. ISBN 90 70754 177 Printed in the Netherlands Preface At the beginning of the 1980’s, the International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI) approached the Dutch Directorate of International Cooperation (DGIS) with a proposal that DGIS assist in financing an ILRI publication entitled Health and Zrrigation. This publication would be concerned with health care in irriga- tion projects in areas where water-related diseases (e.g. malaria, schistosomiasis, filar- iasis, onchocerciasis) were endemic or could become endemic through the implementa- tion of water-resources-development projects. Before any irrigation project is planned, implemented, and operated, ILRI feels that a study should be made of the project’s potential consequences for human health. This study should be holistic and multidisciplinary; it should identify any expected negative effects on human health, and should make a cost-benefit analysis of the mea- sures that need to be taken to prevent, treat, and control any of the identified diseases. It should focus particular attention on environmental-management measures and on the institutional aspects of incorporating safeguards into the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialectology Vis-À-Vis Linguistic Theory
    1 Synchronic Variation and Diachronic Change in Dialects of Marathi Sonal Kulkarni-Joshi & Manasi Kelkar Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune.1 1. Introduction: dialectology vis-à-vis linguistic theory This paper investigates linguistic variation and change in Marathi at the synchrony-diachrony interface.2 Specifically it aims to address the issue of whether and to what extent synchronic variation in contemporary regional varieties of Marathi reflects diachronic developments in the language. Saussure, who introduced the synchrony-diachrony dichotomy, laid the foundation of a „synchronic linguistics‟ and nineteenth century linguists grappled with the Saussurean dilemma of studying either language structure OR language history. Subsequently, linguistics witnessed an ideological turn as a consequence of which synchrony and diachrony came to be seen as complementary aspects of language analysis. “Structured heterogeneity” (cf. Weinreich, Labov and Herzog 1968) in language became the key to understanding language change. It became possible to envision a discipline which would be structural and historical at the same time (p. 198). An integration of the two dimensions of language study into a single analytical framework has been reported to be fruitful in investigating language change (e.g. Croft 2003, Kulkarni-Joshi 2016). Actuation and transmission of language change became central concerns not only in historical linguistics but also in sociolinguistics (e.g. Weinreich et al‟s seminal 1968 publication). Dialectology in the eighteenth century had been but a handmaiden to historical linguistics. The role of dialectology vis-à-vis linguistic theory has undergone a change in the past hundred years or so. Dialectology as a sub-discipline of linguistics too is transformed.
    [Show full text]