ARTIGOS • LIVRE Imagens De Muçulmanos E Budistas Nos Filmes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ARTIGOS • LIVRE Imagens De Muçulmanos E Budistas Nos Filmes ARTIGOS • LIVRE Imagens de Muçulmanos e budistas nos filmes soviéticos sobre a Segunda Guerra (1950 -89) Moisés Wagner Franciscon * Dennison de Oliveira † Resumo A URSS, apesar de oficialmente ateia e possuir a maioria de sua população sem uma crença religiosa, possuía importantes minorias adeptas de algum credo. Ancorados em sua diversidade demográfica, muçulmanos e budistas representavam uma importante fatia dessa minoria. Ao contrário dos ortodoxos eslavos, esses grupos não eram considerados confiáveis pelo regime duplamente: como não eslavos e integrantes de cultos vistos como perigosamente reacionárias e explosivos. O cinema bélico costuma ser importante vetor de ideias nacionalistas ou pró- regime. No caso soviético, esse gênero cinematográfico portava as impressões oficiais sobre ambos os credos – apesar das ambiguidades de alguns diretores. A sócio-história cinematográfica de Marc Ferro permite uma melhor compreensão das relações do poder político e diplomático dos diferentes grupos da sociedade e do filme de guerra na União Soviética. Sua concepção de cinema como produto social com mensagens latentes e lapsos conscientes ou inconscientes mostram um quadro mais complexo do que o de uma estrutura de poder piramidal que suprimiria sentimentos religiosos na sociedade. Os filmes de guerra selecionados (14 filmes produzidos entre 1950-89) são ambientados na Segunda Guerra e possuem como protagonistas ou coadjuvantes personagens caracterizados como membros das populações de tradição muçulmana ou budista dentro das fronteiras soviéticas, ou filmes produzidos por diretores e estúdios localizados nas repúblicas associadas com estas religiões. Palavras -chave: História social do cinema, filme de guerra, religião, União Soviética. Abstrac t The USSR, although officially atheist and possessing the majority of its population without a religious belief, possessed important minorities adhering to some creed. Anchored in demographic diversity, Muslims and Buddhists represented an important share of this minority. Unlike the Slavic Orthodox, these groups were not considered to be trusted by the regime doubly: as non-Slavs and members of cults seen as dangerously reactionary and explosive. War cinema is often an important vector of nationalist or pro-regime ideas. In the Soviet case, this cinematographic genre carried official impressions on both creeds - despite the ambiguities of some directors. Marc Ferro's cinematographic partner-history allows a better understanding of the relations of political and diplomatic power, of different groups of society and of the war film in the Soviet Union. His conception of cinema as a social product with latent messages and conscious or unconscious lapses shows a more complex picture than that of a pyramidal power structure that would suppress religious feelings in society. The selected war films (14 films * Graduado, especialista, mestre pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Doutorando pela UFPR. † Doutor em Ciências Sociais pela UNICAMP, Pós-Doutor em Estudos Estratégicos pela UFF. Professor do Departamento de História da Universidade Federal do Paraná. REH. Ano VI, vol. 6, n. 11, jan./jun. 2019 | www.escritadahistoria.com 281 Moisés Wagner Franciscon e Dennison de Oliveira produced between 1950-89) are set in World War II and feature as protagonists or supporting characters characterized as members of populations of Muslim or Buddhist tradition within the Soviet borders, or films produced by directors and studios located in the republics associated with these religions. Keywords : Social history of cinema, war film, religion, Soviet Union. Introdução Foram selecionados quatorze filmes de guerra ambientados durante a Grande Guerra Patriótica, produzidos na URSS entre os anos de 1950 e 1989, perpassando fases de relaxamento e recrudescimento da questão religiosa no país, além de alterações diplomáticas com países limítrofes com a presença de populações islâmicas ou budistas. No stalinismo tardio poucos filmes bélicos foram rodados – bem como todo tipo de filme, sendo essa fase chamada de malokartine , ou “fome de filmes” – em decorrência da alocação de recursos na reconstrução do país. Na segunda metade dos anos 1980 o público do gênero esvaziou-se, atraído pelos temas candentes propiciados pela glasnost , quase paralisando sua produção. As películas sobre a Segunda Guerra ou Grande Guerra Patriótica tornaram-se um elemento de legitimação cultural mais importante para o regime do que a Revolução de Outubro ou a Guerra Civil, pois apresentavam uma vitória importante da nova nação e de seu sistema sobre uma grande potência – conflito que poderia ser transposto para a indicação de novos inimigos (internos e externos) e o contínuo reforço da identidade soviética sobre as identidades étnicas locais. 1 Ignorar ou combater religiões entendidas como perigosas, traiçoeiras e alienígenas também contribuía na tentativa de se forjar a imagem do novo homem soviético, liberto das amarras do passado, além de criar alguma homogeneidade num cenário tão complexo e variado. Todos os filmes apresentam personagens, produtores ou locações relacionados com regiões tradicionalmente budistas ou muçulmanas. Se a temática islâmica apresenta-se totalmente ausente, a budista é severamente criticada pelos filmes – mas não sem algumas dubiedades de alguns diretores, que podem remeter o espectador à tolerância com a espiritualidade, mas não com a religião e clero organizados e, principalmente autônomos. A postura de não-confrontação e mesmo desconhecimento do cinema frente ao islã pode demonstrar o respeito ou temor do regime frente às dimensões reais de sua adesão e os 1 YOUNGBLOOD, Denise. Russian war films : on the Cinema Front, 1914-2005. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2007. REH. An o VI, vol. 6, n. 11, jan./jun. 2019 | www.escritadahistoria.com 282 Imagens de mu çulmanos e budistas... previsíveis problemas em suas fronteiras na Ásia Central, fervilhantes com a Revolução Islâmica, ou o desejo de aceitação e incorporação das elites locais ao mundo soviético – como o possível caso dos cineastas do Cáucaso e Ásia Central. A ameaça budista consistia em sua disseminação entre alguns grupos intelectuais (em especial dissidentes) e possibilidades diplomáticas nas relações com a China – matéria muito mais maleável e segura para o regime. Existem indícios de que o cinema de guerra possa ter sido direcionado pelo regime para representar e caracterizar inimigos como membros de uma religião, ou reforçar a auto representação da URSS como laica – o que ia contra os próprios dados oficiais divulgados pelo Kremlin, mas condizia com a retórica política. Bem como de que os próprios produtores destes filmes compartilhassem desses mesmos valores. Além do mais, o cinema era uma indústria que oferecia incentivos materiais segundo a arrecadação nas bilheterias: quanto maior o lucro do filme e maior o número de ingressos, maior era o prêmio de seus produtores. Estes não poderiam desprezar e afastar os 70% de ateus. Portanto, é necessário pensar a temática como um jogo entre forças sociais, políticas, culturais e a autonomia dos agentes, e não de mera imposição programática do regime aos estúdios e diretores, e destes ao público, tornando o Kremlin o grande engenheiro social, monopolizador de toda a cultura e controlador de todo aspecto da vida humana em suas fronteiras. Moscou certamente desejava o total domínio sobre a sociedade durante os anos de Stalin. A impossibilidade de concretizar esse domínio de fato traduz-se na lentidão da ampliação dos adeptos do ateísmo e na rapidez com que mesquitas e madraças brotaram nos momentos de liberalização. Kruschev moveu uma campanha antirreligiosa como forma de reconquistar poder do partido. A era Brejnev caracterizou-se por uma crescente desmobilização e desideologização do regime. A Igreja Ortodoxa conheceu um reflorescimento aberto – inclusive no cinema – durante esta etapa. Apesar do islã e do budismo o fazerem no mundo concreto, tal movimento social não foi reconhecido na política nacional ou na cultura. Para o regime, era mais fácil pressionar estúdios e diretores por imagens favoráveis à sua retórica do que transformar a realidade. A aparição de ambas as religiões no cinema poderia ser negada pelas próprias convicções de uma indústria com forte presença eslava. Seu dualismo, mutismo ou antagonismo presentes em obras de azeris, cazaques e mongóis, trabalhando em Moscou ou em suas repúblicas, apesar do cenário mais aberto para a religiosidade nos anos Brejnev, devem ser encontrados nos próprios interesses dos cineastas. REH. Ano VI, vol. 6, n. 11, jan./jun. 2019 | www.escritadahistoria.com 283 Moisés Wagner Franciscon e Dennison de Oliveira Não se pretende tratar da religião em si, mas de seu uso e da criação de imagens feitos pelo regime e pelos cineastas e de seus respectivos interesses na manipulação de um aspecto importante da sociedade soviética. Não se trata de uma história de ambas as religiões sob o comando soviético, mas sim de sua utilização ou negação pelo regime e a indústria do cinema. Os conceitos da História das Religiões aqui cedem lugar à concepção de arena, como formulada por Bourdieu 2 e Thompson, 3 um espaço de negociação que segue algum conjunto de regras (no caso do cinema soviético, tácitas, não-escritas e maleáveis após a morte de Stalin) entre os agentes em busca de objetivos dissonantes. Nem estúdios e diretores e nem o regime e o aparato de censura possuem poder total sobre a película e suas mensagens, em especial diante da natureza da linguagem fílmica, como Ferro
Recommended publications
  • SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN the LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist Degree, Belarusian State University
    SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist degree, Belarusian State University, 2001 Master of Arts, Brock University, 2005 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Olga Klimova It was defended on May 06, 2013 and approved by David J. Birnbaum, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Lucy Fischer, Distinguished Professor, Department of English, University of Pittsburgh Vladimir Padunov, Associate Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Aleksandr Prokhorov, Associate Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, College of William and Mary, Virginia Dissertation Advisor: Nancy Condee, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Olga Klimova 2013 iii SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES Olga Klimova, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2013 The central argument of my dissertation emerges from the idea that genre cinema, exemplified by youth films, became a safe outlet for Soviet filmmakers’ creative energy during the period of so-called “developed socialism.” A growing interest in youth culture and cinema at the time was ignited by a need to express dissatisfaction with the political and social order in the country under the condition of intensified censorship. I analyze different visual and narrative strategies developed by the directors of youth cinema during the Brezhnev period as mechanisms for circumventing ideological control over cultural production.
    [Show full text]
  • DIRECTOR Larisa Shepitko WRITING Yuri Klepikov and Larisa Shepitko Wrote the Screenplay Adapted from a Novel by Vasiliy Bykov
    October 29, 2019 (XXXIX:10) Larisa Shepitko: THE ASCENT (1977, 111m) The version of this Goldenrod Handout sent out in our Monday mailing, and the one online, has hot links. Spelling and Style—use of italics, quotation marks or nothing at all for titles, e.g.—follows the form of the sources. DIRECTOR Larisa Shepitko WRITING Yuri Klepikov and Larisa Shepitko wrote the screenplay adapted from a novel by Vasiliy Bykov. Production Company Mosfilm MUSIC Alfred Schnittke CINEMATOGRAPHY Vladimir Chukhnov and Pavel Lebeshev EDITING Valeriya Belova CAST Boris Plotnikov...Sotnikov Vladimir Gostyukhin...Rybak Sergey Yakovlev...Village elder Lyudmila Polyakova...Demchikha Viktoriya Goldentul...Basya Anatoliy Solonitsyn...Portnov, the Nazi interrogator Mariya Vinogradova...Village elder's wife Nikolai Sektimenko...Stas' She also adopted his motto, "Make every film as if it's your last." Shepitko graduated from VGIK in 1963 with LARISA SHEPITKO (b. January 6, 1938 in her prize winning diploma film Heat*, or Znoy made Artyomovsk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Artemivsk, when she was 22 years old. The film was influenced by a Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine]—d. July 2, 1979 (age 41) in short story, ''The Camel's Eye'', by Chingiz Aitmatov. near Redkino, Kalinin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR), Her 1967 short film, “Homeland of electricity,”* part of whose filmmaking career was tragically cut short by a car the omnibus Beginning of an Unknown Era, suffered accident, was on the verge of becoming a name censorship for its perceived negative portrayal of the synonymous with internationally renowned directors to Bolsheviks, despite its intention to commemorate the emerge from the Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Content Report $0/5&/5 3&1035 $0
    $*4$C0/5&/5ONTENT$C0/5&/53R3&1035EPORT&1035 $C 3FWJFXPGBVEJPWJTVBMDPOUFOUQSPEVDUJPOBOEEJTUSJCVUJPOJOUI¥¸¾ÅÇÄŹÅÈɼÀÇÒÄÁ·ÆÇÅ¿¾¹Å»Èɹ·¿»¿ÈÉÇ¿¸ÊÍ¿¿·Ê»¿Å¹¿¾Ê·ÂÓÄźОбзор новостей рынка производства и дистрибуции аудиовизуальногF$*4DPVOUSJFTÅÁÅÄɼÄÉ·о контента Media«»¥М¡ЕДИ ResourcesА ©Рª¬©ª´ЕСУРСЫ ¥МManagement¦¥¦«ЕНЕДЖМЕНТ Í¾»É¹ÄØ ØÆ»¹ÉØ №2 1 April, 2011 §¡¢£¡¥ÇºÁµÂÃÁºÅµfocus ¦ ££¥«DearÆÀ÷Ãź¹µ¿Ë½ colleagues½ ƹÐÁ˾ÄÕƹØйÊËÕŹ˾ÉÁ¹Äǻʾ¼Ç½ÆØÑƾ¼Ç¬¿¾It¬¿¾ is our »» ȾɻԾȾɻԾ great pleasure ½ÆÁ½ÆÁ ÆǻǼÇÆÇ»Ç¼Ç to present ¼Ç½¹¼Ç½¹ ƹŠƹŠtoday ɾ½¹ÃÏÁÁɾ½¹Ã the secÏÁÁ- ˾ÎÆÁÃǦǾÊÄÁ¿¾¼Ç»ÇÉÁËÕÇùоÊË»¾ÊǨ¾É»ÔÂdramatically–¨¾É»Ô ÆÇžÉÆÇÅ¾É it become $POUFOU$POUFOU 3FQPSUstronger3FQPSU »ÔÎǽÁË»ÔÎǽÁË in terms »» of ùÆÌÆà ¹ÆÌpurÆ- RКe¢£§§¥ ±¢°ИНОТЕ v i v a l АТРo f a АЛЬНЫ n i m a tЙ i o n ÆÇžɹ$POUFOU3FQPSU ÊɹÀÌÊ˹ÄÇÈÇÆØËÆÇ ÐËÇ»Åond$POUFOU issue3FQPSU ÈÇÊ»ØҾƹ of CIS:ÊɹÀÌ ContentÊ˹ÄÇ Ë¾Ä¾»ÁÀÁÇÆÆÇÅÌ Report.ÈÇÆØËÆÇ ThankÐËÇ» ÈÉǽ¹Ã you forÅ ½¾É¿¹Ë¾ÄÕÆǼǪ˹ÉǼǦǻǼǼǽ¹ ÃÇËÇÉÔ ƹÃÇƾÏËÇ À¹chaseªË¹ÉÇ¼Ç abilities,¦Ç»Ç¼Ç more ƹÈÇÄƾÆÁؼǽ¹ interestingÃÇËÇÉÔ Á ƹÃÇƾÏËÇ ÊÅÔÊĹin terms ÈÉÇÁÀof coÀ¹- £g¥°¢£РЫН e£ n ¥RОe§ ¢ ±¢ Кin В ¨R УuК s¥¢Р s АИН i a aЕ n£: d £ ÑÆÌÈɾ¿½¾»Ê¾¼ÇÖËÇÀ¹Å¾ËÆÇÁÀÃÇÄÁоÊË»¹»Ê¾ÅԺ̽¾ÅÌʾɽÆÇÁƾÌÊ˹ÆÆÇËÉ̽ÁËÕÊØ ¹your»Ê¾ÅÔ kindºÌ½¾Å repliesÌʾɽÆÇ and registrationsÁƾÌÊ˹ÆÆÇ ËÉ̽ÁËÕÊØfor free trials.
    [Show full text]
  • War Memory Under the Leonid Brezhnev Regime 1965-1974
    1 No One is Forgotten, Nothing is Forgotten: War Memory Under the Leonid Brezhnev Regime 1965-1974 By Yevgeniy Zilberman Adviser: Professor David S. Foglesong An Honors Thesis Submitted To The History Department of Rutgers University School of Arts and Sciences New Brunswick, NJ April, 2012 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Pg. 3 Introduction Pg. 5 1964-1967: Building the Cult Pg. 18 a) Forming the Narrative: Building the Plot and Effacing the Details Pg. 21 b) Consecrating the War: Ritual, Monument and Speech Pg. 24 c) Iconography at Work: Soviet War Poster Pg. 34 d) Digitizing the War: On the Cinema Front Pg. 44 1968-1970: Fascism Revived and the Battle for Peace Pg. 53 a) This Changes Everything: Czechoslovakia and its Significance Pg. 55 b) Anti-Fascism: Revanchism and Fear Pg. 59 c) Reviving Peace: The Peace Cult Pg. 71 1970-1974: Realizing Peace Pg. 83 a) Rehabilitating Germany Pg. 85 b) Cinema: Germany and the Second World War on the Film Screen Pg. 88 c) Developing Ostpolitik: War memory and the Foundations for Peace Pg. 95 d) Embracing Peace Pg. 102 Conclusion: Believing the War Cult Pg. 108 Bibliography Pg. 112 3 Acknowledgements Perhaps as a testament to my naivety, when I embarked upon my journey toward writing an honors thesis, I envisioned a leisurely and idyllic trek toward my objective. Instead, I found myself on a road mired with multiple peaks and valleys. The obstacles and impediments were plentiful and my limitations were numerous. Looking back now upon the path I traveled, I realize that I could not have accomplished anything without the assistance of a choice collection of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Cinematic Culture
    Russian Culture Center for Democratic Culture 2012 The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Repository Citation Bulgakova, O. (2012). The Russian Cinematic Culture. In Dmitri N. Shalin, 1-37. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture/22 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Russian Culture by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova The cinema has always been subject to keen scrutiny by Russia's rulers. As early as the beginning of this century Russia's last czar, Nikolai Romanov, attempted to nationalize this new and, in his view, threatening medium: "I have always insisted that these cinema-booths are dangerous institutions. Any number of bandits could commit God knows what crimes there, yet they say the people go in droves to watch all kinds of rubbish; I don't know what to do about these places." [1] The plan for a government monopoly over cinema, which would ensure control of production and consumption and thereby protect the Russian people from moral ruin, was passed along to the Duma not long before the February revolution of 1917.
    [Show full text]
  • RAFA 2015.Pdf
    www.mkrf.ru RAFA is Russian animated film association. RAFA represents the interests of the Russian animation industry and helps to create favorable conditions for the effective development of anima ­­tion in Russia and worldwide. RAFA represents the interests of animation studios of all sizes, as well as individual flmmakers working in animation, including indep endent directors, production designers, animators etc. The association also includes organizations which are involved in animation: TV networks with an interest in animation,distribution companies and Internet companies, that is, all organizations whose business is related to the field of animation and who are interested in joining forces. • If you need to communicate with any Russian studio, organization or animator, • If you need assistance in participation in festivals and film markets in Russia, • If you need to organize the presentation of your services to Russian partners, • If you need talents and studios for co-production JUST CONTACT RAFA! RAFA is proud to present opportunity of Russian animation to you. Today RAFA is 40 best Russian studios that able for cooperation with you and 200 animators, composers, producers etc that would like to join your team. 4 5 CONTENTS RAFA 3 OPENING WORD 7 RUSSIAN ANIMATION TODAY 8 STUDIOS 10 SHORTS 180 ALPHABETICAL LIST 200 ON THE CATALOG WORKED 203 6 7 Dear friends, Russian Animated Film Association offers you the fourth edition of a catalogue of current animated films. In the new release, you will find information on all latest releases in the Russian animated film industry in 2014 and early in 2015. The new catalogue fundamentally differs from its predecessors.
    [Show full text]
  • Moldova Country Situation
    PREFACE This regional study on the Situation of and challenges in the region and in Cinema and the Audiovisual Industries individual countries. in the Eastern Partnership (EaP) Region is part of the project ‘Short term high The study has been implemented by quality studies to support activities the study team under the leadership of under the Eastern Partnership – Mr Terry Sandell who was supported on HiQSTEP, EuropeAid/132574/C/SER/ data collection by Ms Maria Mirzoyan Multi’, carried out by an international (Armenia), Mr Jahangir Selimkhanov consortium under the leadership of (Azerbaijan), Mr Anton Sidarenka Kantor Management Consultants to (Belarus), Ms Lana Ghvinjilia (Georgia), support the activities of Platform 4 Mr Ion Bunduchi (Moldova) and Ms `Contacts between people`. Julia Sinkevych (Ukraine). In the context of Creative Europe and Overall supervision of the study has of the EaP Platform 4 Work Programme been carried out by Przemysław this mapping study was supposed to Musiałkowski, Team Leader of the enhance the EaP countries knowledge HiQSTEP Project. of the regional context in which their industries operate and of the situation Sincere thanks go to the national in other countries. It was also supposed stakeholders in the Eastern Partnership to help the European Commission Countries who provided information to structure the discussions under in interviews and responses to Platform 4 and readjust its actions questionnaires. to better address the actual needs July 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Objectives . 2 Study background . .2 Current practices of the Eastern Partnership Audiovisual Industries . 3 Cinema and Film: Priority Areas in All the EaP Countries . 3 Dealing with the Past and Common Needs and Themes .
    [Show full text]
  • A Cinematic Battle: Three Yugoslav War Films from the 1960S
    A Cinematic Battle: Three Yugoslav War Films from the 1960s By Dragan Batanĉev Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Thesis Supervisor: Professor Balázs Trencsényi Second Reader: Professor Marsha Siefert CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2012 Statement of Copyright Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract The content of my thesis will present the analysis of three Yugoslav war films from the 1960s that they offer different views on World War II as a moment of creation of the state that aimed towards supranationalism and classlessness. I will analyse the films in terms of their production, iconography and reception as to show that although the Yugoslav government, led by a great cinephile Josip Broz Tito, demonstrated interest in the war film genre, there were opposing filmmakers‟ views on what WWII should represent in the Yugoslav history and collective mythology. By using the concept of historiophoty I will demonstrate that the war films represented the failure of Yugoslav government in integrating different nations into a supranational Yugoslav society in which conflicts between different social agents (the state, workers and peasants) will finally be resolved.
    [Show full text]
  • On Behalf of the Federal Agency of Culture and Cinematography I
    ƒÓÓ„Ë ‰ÛÁ¸ˇ! Dear friends! ŒÚ ËÏÂÌË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚‡ ÍÛθÚÛ˚ Ë Ï‡ÒÒÓ‚˚ı On behalf of the Ministry of Culture and Mass ÍÓÏÏÛÌË͇ˆËÈ –ÓÒÒËÈÒÍÓÈ ‘‰‡ˆËË Communications of the Russian Federation I ÔË‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛ ‚ÒÂı Û˜‡ÒÚÌËÍÓ‚ Ë „ÓÒÚÂÈ XVIII welcome all participants and visitors of the 18th ŒÚÍ˚ÚÓ„Ó ÓÒÒËÈÒÍÓ„Ó ÍËÌÓÙÂÒÚË‚‡Îˇ Open Russian Film Festival ´Kinotavrª! ´üËÌÓÚ‡‚ª! This annual event is an integral part of our ≈„Ó ÂÊ„ӉÌÓ Ôӂ‰ÂÌË ˇ‚ΡÂÚÒˇ ÌÂÓÚ˙ÂÏÎÂÏÓÈ State policy on the support of the national ˜‡ÒÚ¸˛ „ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ ÔÓÎËÚËÍË ÔÓ ÔÓ‰‰ÂÊÍ cinema. ´Kinotavrª can, without exaggeration, ÓÚ˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ„Ó ÍËÌÂχÚÓ„‡Ù‡. ´üËÌÓÚ‡‚ª be called the most anticipated event in the ÏÓÊÌÓ ·ÂÁ ÔÂÛ‚Â΢ÂÌˡ ̇Á‚‡Ú¸ Ò‡Ï˚Ï Russian film-season. For the 17 years of its ÓÊˉ‡ÂÏ˚Ï ÒÓ·˚ÚËÂÏ ÓÒÒËÈÒÍÓ„Ó ÍËÌÓÒÂÁÓ̇. «‡ existence this main national cinema event has ÒÂÏ̇‰ˆ‡Ú¸ ÎÂÚ Ò‚ÓÂ„Ó ÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó‚‡Ìˡ „·‚Ì˚È gained a strong position, both in the Russian ̇ˆËÓ̇θÌ˚È ÍËÌÓÒÏÓÚ Á‡‚Ó‚‡Î ÔÓ˜Ì˚È film world and abroad. ‡‚ÚÓËÚÂÚ, Í‡Í ‚ ÓÒÒËÈÒÍÓÈ The festival is developing fast, becoming more ÍËÌÂχÚÓ„‡Ù˘ÂÒÍÓÈ Ò‰Â, Ú‡Í Ë ‚ Á‡Û·ÂÊÌÓÈ. dynamic and alive, saturated and informative. ‘ÂÒÚË‚‡Î¸ ÒÚÂÏËÚÂθÌÓ ‡Á‚Ë‚‡ÂÚÒˇ, ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇÒ¸ The success of festival films among Russian ·ÓΠ‰Ë̇Ï˘Ì˚Ï Ë ÊË‚˚Ï, ̇Ò˚˘ÂÌÌ˚Ï Ë audiences once again confirms that there is a ËÌÙÓχÚË‚Ì˚Ï.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediaobrazovanie) Media Education (M Ediaobrazovanie
    Media Education (Mediaobrazovanie) Has been issued since 2005. ISSN 1994–4160. E–ISSN 1994–4195 2020, 60(1). Issued 4 times a year EDITORIAL BOARD Alexander Fedorov (Editor in Chief ), Prof., Ed.D., Rostov State University of Economics (Russia) Imre Szíjártó (Deputy Editor– in– Chief), PhD., Prof., Eszterházy Károly Fõiskola, Department of Film and Media Studies. Eger (Hungary) Ben Bachmair, Ph.D., Prof. i.r. Kassel University (Germany), Honorary Prof. of University of London (UK) Oleg Baranov, Ph.D., Prof., former Prof. of Tver State University Elena Bondarenko, Ph.D., docent of Russian Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), Moscow (Russia) David Buckingham, Ph.D., Prof., Loughborough University (United Kingdom) Emma Camarero, Ph.D., Department of Communication Studies, Universidad Loyola Andalucía (Spain) Irina Chelysheva, Ph.D., Assoc. Prof., Anton Chekhov Taganrog Institute (Russia) Alexei Demidov, head of ICO “Information for All”, Moscow (Russia) Svetlana Gudilina, Ph.D., Russian Academy of Education, Moscow (Russia) Tessa Jolls, President and CEO, Center for Media Literacy (USA) Nikolai Khilko, Ph.D., Omsk State University (Russia) Natalia Kirillova, Ph.D., Prof., Ural State University, Yekaterinburg (Russia) Sergei Korkonosenko, Ph.D., Prof., faculty of journalism, St– Petersburg State University (Russia) Alexander Korochensky, Ph.D., Prof., faculty of journalism, Belgorod State University (Russia) W. James Potter, Ph.D., Prof., University of California at Santa Barbara (USA) Robyn Quin, Ph.D., Prof., Curtin University, Bentley, WA (Australia) Alexander Sharikov, Ph.D., Prof. The Higher School of Economics, Moscow (Russia) Vladimir Sobkin, Acad., Ph.D., Prof., Head of Sociology Research Center, Moscow (Russia) Kathleen Tyner, Assoc. Prof., Department of Radio– Television– Film, The University of Texas at Austin (USA) Svetlana Urazova, PhD., Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Evoking Soviet Dreamworlds: the Sovexport Documentaries at the EYE Filmmuseum
    MASTER’S THESIS Evoking Soviet Dreamworlds: The Sovexport Documentaries at the EYE Filmmuseum Simona Evstatieva AUGUST 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Frank Kessler Second Reader: Dr. Laura Copier 2 Evoking Soviet Dreamworlds: The Sovexport Documentaries at the EYE Filmmuseum Research Master’s Thesis © 2020 By Simona Evstatieva 5712165 [email protected] RMA Media, Art & Performance Studies Department of Media and Culture Studies Utrecht University August 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Frank Kessler Second Reader: Dr. Laura Copier © 2020 Cover photo by the author, taken at the EYE Filmmuseum Collection Center CONTENTS Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..….....5 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………….….6 Note on Transliteration………………………………………………………………………..7 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………8 CHAPTER ONE THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SOVEXPORT COLLECTION 1.1. The Stagnation Period (1964–1980)……………………………………………………19 1.2. The Stagnation Period and Its Cinema………………………………………………….23 1.3. The Popular Film of the Stagnation Period and Their “Aesopian” Meanings……….…26 1.4. The Cold War: Soviet Union, the West, and Their Import/Export Relations………...…30 CHAPTER TWO CRAFTING MEANING AND TRUTH IN DOCUMENTARY CINEMA 2.1. Defining the Documentary and Its “Truth Claim”………………………………………33 2.2. How do Documentaries Craft Truth…………………………………………………..…35 2.2.1. Authenticity………………………………………………………………...….36 2.2.2. Evidence and Authority……………………………………………………..…37 2.3. The Formal Techniques of Creating a Documentary………………………………...….40 CHAPTER THREE DISCOVERING THE SOVEXPORT COLLECTION AND ITS DREAMWORLDS 3.1. Soviet Space and its Importance for Constructing Soviet Identity……………………….48 3.2. Exploring and Conquering Space: razvedka versus osvoenie…………………………….50 3.3. The Films from the Sovexport Collection…………………………………………..……54 3.3.1. The Combination of Nonhierarchical and Circular Vision of Space………..…55 3.3.2. The Space of Nature…………………………………………………...……….58 3.3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Statesmen and Public-Political Figures
    Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A R Y CONTENTS STATESMEN, PUBLIC AND POLITICAL FIGURES ........................................................... 4 ALIYEV HEYDAR ..................................................................................................................... 4 ALIYEV ILHAM ........................................................................................................................ 6 MEHRIBAN ALIYEVA ............................................................................................................. 8 ALIYEV AZIZ ............................................................................................................................ 9 AKHUNDOV VALI ................................................................................................................. 10 ELCHIBEY ABULFAZ ............................................................................................................ 11 HUSEINGULU KHAN KADJAR ............................................................................................ 12 IBRAHIM-KHALIL KHAN ..................................................................................................... 13 KHOYSKI FATALI KHAN ..................................................................................................... 14 KHIABANI MOHAMMAD ..................................................................................................... 15 MEHDİYEV RAMİZ ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]