Arbutus Canariensis Veill

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Arbutus canariensis Veill. in Duhamel (madroño) Por Francisco González Artiles Árbol endémico de Canarias, encontrándose ausente de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura. Se trata de una especie del monteverde seco, que requiere de humedad ambiental pero también de la influencia directa del sol. Resulta más abundante en Tenerife y El Hierro, menos frecuente en La Palma y La Gomera, y en Gran Canaria sólo está presente, de modo natural, en contadas localidades de la isla. Se trata de un árbol de porte variable, en función de las condiciones ambientales, pudiendo alcanzar hasta 18 metros, pero encontrándose normalmente entre los 4 y los 7 metros de altura. Como elemento destacado se encuentra su corteza, de tacto liso y color rojizo- anaranjado, que se desprende en placas muy delgadas. Las ramas jóvenes son de color verde y presenta un follaje compuesto por hojas largas (hasta 15 cm), lanceoladas y con el borde aserrado. Presenta flores hermafroditas, de color rosáceo y que forman racimos colgantes. El fruto es una baya de color anaranjado, con aspecto de una pequeña mandarina que cuenta con una pulpa interior de sabor dulce donde se localizan una gran cantidad de semillas diminutas. Al tratarse de un árbol endémico de fruto comestible, comparte con el mocán el haber sido utilizado como alimento por las primeras poblaciones humanas del archipiélago, así como la dispersión de sus semillas por las aves. En los trabajos de restauración ecológica, su condición heliófila hace que tengan un buen comportamiento, tanto en supervivencia como en crecimiento. Y su dispersión y expansión posterior se ve favorecida por las aves. No obstante, esta especie cuenta con la amenaza de la hibridación con el madroño europeo (Arbutus unedo), que da lugar a individuos fértiles (Arbutus x androsterilis Salas, Acebes & del Arco), con características intermedias entre las dos especies. Este problema se ha descrito tanto para Tenerife como para Gran Canaria. Hay que señalar que, para el caso de Canarias, tanto a Arbutus unedo como a los ejemplares híbridos que se encuentren en el medio natural, les son de aplicación las medidas de lucha contra las especies exóticas invasoras contempladas en el Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto que establece el Catálogo español de especies exóticas invasoras. Inscrita en el Registro de Asociaciones de Canarias www.acbcanaria.org – [email protected] .

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Biotechnological Approaches in Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo L.) Breedi̇ Ng
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