Tenerife Excursion 2016

Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants & Bonn Botanic Gardens

Bonn, March 2016

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Protocol of the botanical Tenerife Excursion 2016, organized and realized by Dr. Wolfram Lobin (Botanische Gärten Bonn) and Dr. Stefan Abrahamczyk (Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Uni Bonn).

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Please cite as:

Lobin W., Abrahamczyk S. & Böhnert T. (2016) Tenerife Excursion – 2016. Nees Institute, Bonn.

Cover photos: [top] Mount Teide, photograph taken from the Anaga mountains towards the centre of Tenerife (Tim B.); [middle left] creative student amuse- ment while watching stars at the Cañada del Teide (Saskia S.); [middle right] Observing pollinators on Echium simplex at the trip from Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada (Tim B.); [bottom] Euphorbia aphylla at Punta del Fraile (Tim B.).

Group leader Dr. WOLFRAM LOBIN Botanische Gärten Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 171; 53115 Bonn (Germany) [email protected]

Dr. STEFAN ABRAHAMCZYK Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 170; 53115 Bonn (Germany) [email protected]

Editor TIM BÖHNERT Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Meckenheimer Allee 170; 53115 Bonn (Germany) [email protected]

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Nr. Par cipants Nr. Par cipants 1 Daniela Francisca Aros Mualin 10 Saskia Schlesak 2 Johannes Krassmann 11 Simon Momper 3 Julia Walter 12 Stefan Abrahamczyk 4 Karin Becker 13 Stella Eggels 5 Konstan n Neumann 14 Stella Fließwasser 6 Mahdieh Malek Hosseini 15 Tianjun Liu 7 Mahsa Namini 16 Tim Böhnert 8 Philipp Gerke 17 Vera Krieger 9 Rafael Acuña-Cas llo 18 Wolfram Lobin

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1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 DAILY PROTOCOLS 4

09.03.2016 — City Excursion in Puerto de la Cruz 4

10.03.2016 — Punta de Teno, Punta del Fraile and Buen Paso 9

11.03.2016 — Montaña Roja near El Médano 17

12.03.2016 — El Palmar, Masca, Chío and Icod de los Vinos 22

13.03.2016 — Pínar above Aguamansa 30

14.03.2016 — Mal Pais de Güímar & Barranco de Badajoz 35

15.03.2016 — Cañadas del Teide 42

16.03.2016 — Coast Buenavista & Thermophile forest 46

17.03.2016 — Loro Park 52

18.03.2016 — Anaga I: Laurel Forest, El Pijaral – Roque Chinobre 53

19.03.2016 — Anaga II: Mirador Pico del Inglés & Chamorga 60

20.03.2016 — Los Silos to Erjos 66

21.03.2016 — Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada 74

22.03.2016 — Jardín botánico and flower ecology 81

3 APPENDIX 86

Species list of all plant taxa recorded during the 2016 excursion 86

Species list of birds 94

List of locations with geographical coordinates 95

Useful & cited Literature 96

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1 Introduction

Extensive field trips have always played an important role for research and education at the Nees Institute. Wolfram Lobin (WL) has continued this tradition which was initiated by his collegues Klaus Kramer and Maximilian Boecker who has unfortunately died few years ago. WL succeeded to guide his first excursion in Bonn with Maximilian Boecker.

1989 Canary Is. with M. Boecker 2008 Canary Is. with J. Mutke 1990 Mallorca with M. Boecker 2010 Marocco with J. Mutke 1992 Lake Garda 2013 Cyprus with J. Mutke 1995 Canary Is. 2015 Marocco with S. Abrahamczyk 2004 Canary Is. with J. Mutke 2016 Canary Is. with S. Abrahamczyk 2005 Morocco with J. Mutke In accordance with former field trips the introduction week was postponed. Participants gave presentations about different topics e.g. the history of the Canary Islands, its geological history, spatial and climatic environmental conditions as well as environmental topics. Moreover, they presented plant portraits of important Canarian plants and informed themselves on the Internet about protected areas. Some of the field trip destinations were situated within protected areas so that it was necessary to get permissions in order to enter the sites (435/15; 2015-03810). Coordination with the respective authorities was manageable with reasonable efforts so that we received all necessary documents without any problems. The field trip lasted from March 9th to March 23rd, 2016. It started from Cologne/ Bonn Airport. Like on previous excursions we were accommodated at the Apartment Hotel Florida Plaza where we had apartments with a small kitchen at our disposal. Moreover, a meeting room in the basement was used for our daily debriefing sessions in the evenings. Most of the time, we drove four rented cars which were easy to handle and occupied with four or five students. For two field trips (from Los Silos to Erjos and from Punta de Hidalgo to Chinamada) we rented a bus so that we were able to start and finish in different localities. We managed to visit all the destinations we planned to. We observed that tourism augmented considerably in the intervening eight years, even though in 2008 saturation was observed and we expected that the situation could not get any worse. The journey to Masca along the steep road with all the sharp bends was very nerve-wrecking due to heavy traffic and oversized touring coaches. Therefore, we emphatically advise not to visit Barranco de Masca anymore. 2 I

All participants of the excursion were very active and enthusiastic so that it was very pleasant to show them the beauty of Tenerife and draw the attention of the students to interesting plants. WL would like to thank everybody considering that this was his last (official) excursion, specially to Dr. Arnoldo Santos whom he owes his good knowledge of the plants and all the locations of the Canaries. Furthermore, he would like to thank Klaus Lewejohann (Göttingen) with whom he explored the Canary Islands and who shared hie knowledge of plants with him. His thanks also extend to his collegues M. Boecker, J. Mutke and S. Abrahamczyk. Thanks also to the authorities of the Canary Islands (Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Área de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente, Aguas y Seguridad, Servicio de Medio Ambiente y Seguridad, Unidad de Coordinación). Most importantly his thanks also go to generations of students who have always been open-minded and allowed themselves be fascinated by plants and their beauty during all excursions. We also thank our drivers who always drove us safely, T. Böhnert who efficiently compiled the excursion report, as well as Rafael Acuña-Castillo and Klaus Lewejohann for proofreading. I 3

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Map 1 | Tenerife, vegeta on types and excursion loca ons A) Overview map of the Canary Islands. B) Overview map of the vegeta on types of Tenerife incl. all loca on and hiking tracks visited during the excursion. C) Roadmap of Tenerife incl. all loca on and hiking tracks visited during the excursion. 4 D P

2 Daily Protocols

09.03.2016 — City Excursion in Puerto de la Cruz

Protocol by Mahsa Namini & Saskia Schlesak Our journey began after meeting up at the main station in Bonn at 4 am. Due to the modified flight schedule with a departure at 6 am we reached the Tenerife Sur Airport at 9:35 am local time, taking the bus to Puerto de la Cruz in the northern part of Tenerife. With the long bus tour to our final destination, we gained some insight to the different vegetation types in contrast to several agricultural and abandoned fields. Finally, we reached the hotel ”Apartamentos Florida Plaza” at 12:30 pm. We were grouped into 2 to 3 persons per apartment containing a kitchen and a bathroom since no further catering was included. The hotel offered a swimming pool on the rooftop and a meeting room that we used for our evening discussions. The hotel location was very adequate. The parking area for the cars was located next to the coast and therefore very close to the hotel. Furthermore, there were two large supermarkets easily reachable as well as several restaurants and bars. Due to the location of the hotel and our apartments on the first floor the noises of the nightlife were loudly present since the windows of each apartment were very permeable. However, the accommodations were acceptable with the cleaning staff coming 6 days pere week bringing new towels and cleaning up the bedrooms. Unfortunately there was no free WiFi offered by the hotel. After a short acclimatization our city tour began at 2:40 pm until we reached the car rental “Europcar” at around 5 pm. We stayed in the city near the coast where we walked through the small streets and public parks of the picturesque city center. Directly in the beginning of our tour we found Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, which can be easily recognized as a member of the Malvaceae family by its androgynophore. Along our way through the city we passed several introduced ornamental plants native to the South American and African continent, like Aloe vera, Agave americana and Spathodea campanulata. Especially S. campanulata caught our attention with its orange, tulipe-like flowers. Other plants like Bougainvillea sp. and Euphorbia pulcherrima can be recognized by their coloured bracts that should not be confounded with the inconspicuous flower. E. pulcherrima is also known as “poinsettia” and is native to Mexico. Then, we surprisingly spotted a handful of plants native to Tenerife like Dracaena draco, Tamarix canariensis, Euphorbia canariensis and Phoenix canariensis. P. canariensis is the only native member belonging to the Arecaceae in between the cultivated palms like Chamaerops humilis, Roystonea regia and Washingtonia sp. D P 5

Map 2 | Puerto de la Cruz City Center. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Lower city center of Puerto de la Cruz incl. the excursion Hotel Apartamentos Florida Plaza and a very useful and free parking lot (green dot) near the hotel (28.4182°N -16.5536°E). On our way to the car rental we passed a flower shop selling potted plants including native plants like Euphorbia aphylla, Dracaena draco, Pinus canariensis and some Aeonium species. There, we also spotted the most common cut plant of Tenerife, Strelitzia reginae, where the island is famous for. Since the botanical garden was used for acclimatization of tropical plants, S. reginae became established as Tenerife’s tourism emblem, even though it is native to South Africa. With the search for the car rental the city excursion ended at the coast where we also found Argyranthemum frutescencs among other species. After taking the four cars with us we went back to the hotel at around 6:30 pm without meeting in the evening.

Table 1 | Species list of the city excursion in Puerto de la Cruz. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Euphorbiaceae x Acalypha sp. Euphorbiaceae x Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae x Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae x Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. Apocynaceae x Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pteridaceae xx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x 6 D P

A B C

D

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Figure plate 1 | City excurion in Puerto de la Cruz. A) Arriving at the hotel; B) On our way through Puerto to pick up our rental cars; C) Roystonea regia (Arecac.); D) First look at the coast near the harbour; E) Plaza de la Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Pena Francia; F) At the coast with Agave americana (Asparagac.) & Aloe vera (Xanthorrhoeac.). Fotos: Mahsa N. (A), Johannes K. (D E F), Anonymous (B C).

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Agave americana L. Asparagaceae x Agave a enuata Salm-Dyck Asparagaceae x Albizia sp. Fabaceae x Alocasia sp. Araceae x Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Asphodelaceae xx Alpinia sp. Zingiberaceae x Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Amaranthaceae x Anthurium sp. Araceae x Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Hook. Araucariaceae x Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Araucariaceae xx Syagrus romanzoffi ana (Cham.) Glassman Arecaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Argyranthemum maderense (D.Don) Humphries Asteraceae x D P 7

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Arundo donax L. Poaceae x Bauhinia variegata L. Fabaceae xx Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Nyctaginaceae xx Bougainvillea sp. Nyctaginaceae x Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae x Bryophyllum sp. Crassulaceae x Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Fabaceae x Callistemon citrinus (Cur s) Skeels Myrtaceae x Callistemon rigidus R.Br. Myrtaceae x Canna sp. Cannaceae x Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Apocynaceae x Cascabela theve a (L.) Lippold Apocynaceae xx Cereus sp. Cactaceae xx Chamaerops humilis L. Arecaceae xx Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques Asparagaceae x Citrus sp. Rutaceae x Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse Amaryllidaceae x Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae xxx Colocasia esculenta (L.) Scho Araceae x Cycas revoluta Thunb. Cycadaceae xx Cylindropun a sp. Cactaceae x Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. Plantaginaceae xx Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl Dryopteridaceae x Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Fabaceae x Dianthus sp. Caryophyllaceae x Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae xxx Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae x Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae xx Echinocactus grusonii Hildm. Cactaceae x Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae x Echium simplex DC. Boraginaceae x Epipremnum sp. Araceae x Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia candelabrum Trémaux ex Kotschy Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae x Ficus sp. Moraceae xx Furcraea sp. Asparagaceae xx Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Proteaceae xx Hemerocallis sp. Asphodelaceae x Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae xxx Impa ens walleriana Hook. f. Balsaminaceae x Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Bignoniaceae xxx Jacobaea mari ma ssp. bicolor (Willd.) B.Nord. & Greuter Asteraceae x Kalanchoe sp. Crassulaceae xx Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae x Leono s sp. Lamiaceae x Limonium macrophyllum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xx Lotus maculatus Brei . Fabaceae x Mesembryanthemum nodifl orum L. Aizoaceae x Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Araceae xxx Musa acuminata Colla Musaceae x Nauplius sp. Asteraceae x Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Scho Nephrolepidaceae x 8 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae xxx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Opun a sp. Cactaceae x Oxalis sp. Oxalidaceae x Parietaria fi lamentosa Webb & Berthel. Ur caceae x Parietaria cf. judaica L. Ur caceae x Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceaea x Petunia sp. Solanacae x Philodendron bipinna fi dum Scho ex Endl. Araceae x Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae xx Phytolacca sp. Phytolaccaceae x Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae xx Plumbago auriculata Lam. Plumbaginaceae xx Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae x Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae x Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers Bignoniaceae xx Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. Strelitziaceae x Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook Arecaceae xx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. Solanaceae x Scheffl era arboricola (Hayata) Merr. Araliaceae x Scheffl era sp. Araliaceae xx Schinus molle L. Anacardiaceae xxx Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae x Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae x Solandra grandifl ora Sw. Solanaceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Asteraceae x Spathiphyllum sp. Araceae x Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Bignoniaceae xxx Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Poaceae xx Strelitzia nicolai Regel & K.Koch Strelitziaceae x Strelitzia reginae Banks Strelitziaceae x Syagrus sp. Arecaceae x Tagetes minuta L. Asteraceae x Tagetes sp. Asteraceae x Tamarix canariensis Willd. Tamaricaceae x Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Bignoniaceae x Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. Bignoniaceae x Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K.Koch Araliaceae x Thunbergia grandifl ora (Roxb. ex Ro l.) Roxb. Acanthaceae x Tibouchina sp. Melastomataceae x Tradescan a pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt Commelinaceae x Tradescan a spathacea Sw. Commelinaceae x Washingtonia fi lifera (Linden ex André) H.Wendl. ex de Bary Arecaceae xx Washingtonia robusta H.Wendl. Arecaceae xx Washingtonia sp. Arecaceae x D P 9

10.03.2016 — Punta de Teno, Punta del Fraile and Buen Paso

Protocol by Daniela Aros & Mahdieh Malek Hosseini

Punta de Teno & Punta del Fraile Punta de Teno: 28.4182°N 16.5536°W; elev.: 25 m a.s.l. Punta del Fraile: 28.3575°N 16.9027°W; elev.: 144 m a.s.l. We met in front of the hotel at 8:30 and started some minutes later towards Teno. The first stop was Punta de Teno, were two of the four cars arrived at 10:35 and the other two got lost in the way, which delayed a little the program and gave us time to explore by our own. Punta de Teno is located in a coastal area at the western part of Tenerife, and the landscape can be separated between the old mountain range, which is a formation older than the unification of Tenerife, and the coastal platform. The old mountain rage is in the east side of this peninsula, with cliffs that were part of the volcanic massif of Teno, and being exposed to high erosion ending in deep valleys. These valleys are refuge for many endemic and local endemic species. We walked mostly in the coastal platform so to learn about the coastal vegetation surrounding the place. Because this vegetation lives in very harsh conditions, such as high wind exposure, which also brings salt from the sea, and the soils are made of pumice, a very sharp and light volcanic rock, the vegetation is mostly low, presents succulence and is constituted by many halophytes. From there we started going back, 3 km down the road towards Punta del Fraile was the second stop. It was already lunch time (a little late for Stefan‘s standards) so we took a short break where we were encountered by the incredible person that is Arnoldo Santos. Once we finished our lunch, he took us down the side of the road to the incredible succulent bush. Even though it has some features similar to the coastal vegetation, for example that it is also wind shaped and presents succulence, the succulence is greater and the shapes more attractive, the plants are in general taller and in higher density. Here the variety of Euphorbia species increases (E. atropurpurea, E. aphylla and E. lamarckii, with E. balsamifera, E. canariensis being also in the coastal vegetation), and also some Echium species such as E. strictum, which is more common in higher altitudes. Walking through the steep terrain while trying to learn all the incredible amount of stories and names that Arnoldo knew, proved to be real a challenge, but totally worth it. With him we spotted Ceropegia dichotoma in flower, Vieraea laevigata, which is a monotypic species endemic to Teno and, after a little ride by car down the road (and parking in a really awful and complicated place), we saw Euphorbia atropurpurea with yellow inflorescence growing on an rockslide below the road. Also some things different from plants, such as bags that were thrown in the road by people who stole them, Arnoldo rescued them and told us he would give it to the authorities. We continued moving along the way by foot and by the end of that walk and before he left us, we found a little community of Lotus tenellus just at the side of the road. 10 D P

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Figure plate 2 | Punta de Teno, Punta del Fraile above Buenavista and Buen Paso. A) Panorama Punta de Teno; B) Euphorbia balsamifera ♂ & C) E. balsamifera ♀ (Euphorbiac.); D) E. aphylla (Euphorbiac.); E) E. lamarckii (Euphorbiac.); F) Aeonium urbicum (Crassulac.); G) Group at Punta de Teno; H) Ceropegia dichotoma (Apocynac.); I) Limonium pec natum (Plumbaginac.); J) Convolvulus canariensis (Convolvulac.) & W. Lobin; K) Barranco near Punta de Teno with E. canariensis (Euphorbiac.); L) Panorama at the road to Punta de Teno with coastal succulant bush vegeta on; M) Group at Punta del Fraile in thermophile shrub vegeta on; N) Globularia salicina (Plantaginac.); O) Kunkeliella subsucculenta (Santalaceae) at Buen Paso. Fotos: Tim B. (A-O). D P 11

Thermophile forest above Buenavista 28.3611°N 16.8708°W; elev.: 124 m a.s.l. Not long after Arnoldo’s departure, we where already back in the cars driving to Buenavista, a little up Teno in camino Risco, changing completely the landscape to thermophilous shrub vegetation. At first it was full of Opuntia ficus-indica and some introduce species next to the huge Arundo donax. As we climb through a small Barranco the amount of species increased, more importantly, the native and endemic ones, such as Jasminum odoratissimum, Rhamnus crenulata and Teucrium heterophyllum. At the very end of our climb we saw some ferns, Aeonium tabuliforme nearby and Monanthes laxiflora in flower. The landscape was full of green and in front of us was a big hill with trees near the top that Dr. Lobin thought were Juniperus.

Map 3 | Punta de Teno, Punta del Fraile and Buen Paso. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Map sec on of the loca on of Kunkeliella subsucculenta near Buen Paso. C) Overview of north west Tenerife from Punta de Teno to Buen Paso inlc. the stops at diff erent loca ons. D) Map sec on of Camino del Risco above Buenavista and the Teucrium heterophyllum loca on. 12 D P

Kunkeliella locality near Buen Paso 28.3923°N 16.6930°W; elev.: 66 m a.s.l. Our excursion day ended at the coastal location called Buen Paso, with the mission of finding a narrow local endemic species called Kunkeliella subsucculenta. This is a shrubby hemiparasite that usually parasites the roots of Lotus sessilifolius, which has only a single population occurring on this cliff. In order to get to it, we had to cross a narrow path with a cliff ending in the sea to one side and hard rock to the other, but once we made it trough the passage the view was beautiful and seeing this rare plant made it worth it.

Table 2 | Species list of Punta de Teno. Species Family 2016 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Asteriscus aqua cus (L.) Less. Asteraceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae x Atriplex glauca ssp. ifniensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart. & al. Amaranthaceae x Cneorum pulverulentum Vent. Rutaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae x Fagonia la folia Delile Zygophyllaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Frankenia ericifolia C. Sm. Ex DC. Frankeniaceae x Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf. Poaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae x Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae x Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T Williams Amaranthaceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae x Plantago coronopus L. Plantaginaceae x Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae x Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae x Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC Asteraceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x

Table 3 | Species list of Punta del Fraile. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pit. & Proust. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel Crassulaceae x Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae xx Asphodelus aes vus Brot. Asphodelaceae x Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. Asphodelaceae xx Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xxx D P 13

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Atriplex glauca ssp. ifniensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart. & al. Amaranthaceae x Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xx Brachypodium arbuscula (Gay ex St.-Yves) Gay ex St.-Yves Poaceae x Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.F.) Cav. Asteraceae xx Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Cheirolophus canariensis ssp. subexpinnata (Burch.) G.Kunkel Asteraceae xx Cneorum pulverulentum Vent. Rutaceae xxx Convolvulus canariensis L. Convolvulaceae x Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae x Crambe scaberrima Webb ex Bramwell Brassicaceae x Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae x Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae x Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae x Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae xx Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae x Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Fagonia cre ca L. Zygophyllaceae xx Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xxx Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae x Jus cia hyssopifolia L. Acanthaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae x Launaea spinosa (Forssk.) Kuntze Asteraceae x Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel Lamiaceae x Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae xxx Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Malvaceae x Limonium fru cans Kuntze Plumbaginaceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xxx Lotus tenellus (Lowe) Sandral, A.Santos & D.D.Sokoloff Fabaceae x Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae xx Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae xx Micromeria varia Benth Lamiaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae x Monanthes pallens (Webb in Christ) Christ Crassulaceae x Monanthes polyphylla (Aiton) Haw. Crassulaceae xxx Ononis sp. Fabaceae x Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae xxx Pancra um canariense Ker Gawl. Amaryllidaceae x Parietaria fi lamentosa Webb & Berthel Ur caceae x Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xxx Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xx Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae xx Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae xxx Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae xxx Seseli webbii Coss. Apiaceae x 14 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Sideri s cre ca L. Lamiaceae xxx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae xx Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae xx Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J. F. Gmelin Amaranthaceae x Tournefor a candidula (Miers.) I.M.Johnst. Boraginaceae xx Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip Asteraceae xx Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae xx

Table 4 | Species list of the thermophile shrub forest above Buenavista. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae xx Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel Crassulaceae xx Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae x Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae xx Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae x Arundo donax L. Poaceae xx Asparagus pastorianus Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae xx Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae x Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae x Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xx Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae x Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Asclepiadaceae x Ceterach aureum (Cav.) Buch Aspleniaceae x Cheirolophus canariensis ssp. subexpinnata (Burch.) G.Kunkel Asteraceae x Chenopodium murale L. Amaranthaceae x Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae xxx Crambe scaberrima Webb ex Bramwell Brassicaceae x Dactylis glomerata L. Poaceae x Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xx Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae x Drusa glandulosa (Poir.) H.Wolff ex Engl Apiaceae x Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae x Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae xx Echium strictum L. fi l. Boraginaceae x Erysimum bicolor (Horn.) DC. Brassicaceae x Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia atropurpurea (Brouss.) Webb & Berthel. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae x Ficus carica L. Moraceae xxx Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae x Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae xx Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae x D P 15

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae xxx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xx Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Malvaceae xxx Medicago sp. Fabaceae x Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae x Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae xx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xxx Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae x Pericallis echinata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xxx Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Phagnalon sp. Asteraceae Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae xx Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae xx Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P.Beauv. Poaceae x Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. Poaceae x Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae x Pistacia len scus L. Anacardiaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae x Reichardia sp. Asteraceae Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae xx Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rubus ulmifolius Scho Rosaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Ruta pinnata L.f. Rutaceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae xx Seseli webbii Coss. Apiaceae x Sideri s cre ca L. Lamiaceae xx Sonchus acaulis Dum. Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae xx Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae x Stachys arvensis L. Lamiaceae x Teline sp. Fabaceae x Teucrium heterophyllum L‘Hér. Lamiaceae xx Tournefor a candidula (Miers.) I.M.Johnst. Boraginaceae xx Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae x Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xx Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae xx

Table 5 | Species of the Buen Paso Bay Kunkeliella loca on. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth.&Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. Apocynaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Anagyris la folia Brouss. ex Willd. Fabaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xxx Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. Asphodelaceae x Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. Apocynaceae x Cneorum pulverulentum Vent. Rutaceae x 16 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Polygonaceae x Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xx Hyoscyamus albus L. Solanaceae x Jus cia hyssopifolia L. Acanthaceae x Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kämmer Santalaceae xx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xxx Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae xxx Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae x Micromeria sp. Lamiaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae x Pelle era wildpre i Valdés Primulaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae x Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae x Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae xx Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae x D P 17

11.03.2016 — Montaña Roja near El Médano

Protocol by Johannes Krassmann & Philipp Gerke 28.0376°N 16.5481°W; elev.: 24 m a.s.l. Our day started as usual with our group meeting in front of the hotel at 8:30. After a short introduction to the drivers we picked up our cars from the parking square and drove first into direction east on the TF-5 to Santa Cruz. Shortly before Santa Cruz we changed to the TF-1 and drove next to the coast into the south of the island. On our way we passed Güímar, an area that would be visited later during the excursion. After we left the motor way we waited for all the other cars and headed by Mr. Lobin to the area of Montaña Roja. It was one of our longest journeys in distance to one of our visited spots in Tenerife with 95 km and more or less one and a half hour in one direction. The Montaña Roja is located between the Airport Reina Sofia and El Médano next to the Atlantic Ocean. On our way from the parking lot to the base of the old cinder cone Montaña Roja we walked through the coastal vegetation, which is mainly influenced by high salinity from the sea, so we found some halophile species.

Map 4 | Montana Roja near El Medano. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the coast area SW of El Medano incl. Montaña Roja and the transects for the vegeta on survey. 18 D P

We passed typical elements of the costal bush vegetation, like Lotus sessilifolius, Sueda sp., Tetraena fontanesii, Traganum moquinii, Atriplex glauca subsp. ifniensis and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. In general the coastal vegetation was very sparse. With increasing altitude we had to cope with the typical abiotic factor in this area, a strong and constant wind, but we could observe more typical elements of the succulent bush vegetation, mainly Euphorbia balsamifera but also Ceropegia fusca, Plocama pendula or Launaea arborescens.

Figure 1 | Results of the vegeta on surveys. A/B show the average species/family number per plot; C/D describe the average/maximal vegeta on height per plot. E represents the average vegeta on coverage per plot. Graphic: Konstan n Neumann. D P 19

Also the occurrence of communities, like Ceropegia growing in close proximity to Euphorbia could be observed. On the top of the Montaña Roja we took a windy lunch from 12:45 to 13:15 observing some impressive individuals of Hominidae, most likely from the species Homo sapiens subsp. britannica forma purpurea passing by. We also spotted the small, endemic bird Anthus berthelotii (Canarian pipit). After lunch we went down directly to the coast and took a closer look to the coastal vegetation. After that we did field studies for one hour on the vegetation types (14:15 to 15:15). The strong wind in this area is maybe one of the reasons why there are just small and wind-shaped, but very old individuals of shrubs compared to other spots we visited. This phenomenon could be observed especially for Euphorbia balsamifera and the thick stems can be a hint to an old age of these individuals. Also mentionable was, that there were nearly no invasive species like Opuntia sp. etc. in this area. After the field studies we went back to our cars and drove back to Puerto de la Cruz and after a short break we had our obligatory meeting it the TV room of the hotel (18:00). In the meeting the day activities were discussed and the results of the field study were analyzed.

Field studies In this vegetation assessment we wanted to investigate the vegetation types in this area and detect measurable differences with empiric analysis between the two vegetation types and to see some trends along the gradient. The main objective of doing the field study was to learn or improve this technique for the students. The group was divided into 5 subgroups with 3 members and distributed 20 m apart from each other. Each group started to analyze a square/plot 3x3 m with the focus in species, families, coverage and vegetation height. Each group analyzed 6 plots on a total distance of 180 meters. We started in the costal vegetation and ended in the succulent bush. The mean number of species and families didn’t show a significant trend and was more or less constant over the analyzed area. The coverage didn’t show a linear trend, but a rise of the coverage in total. For the mean and the maximum vegetation height a linear increasing of both parameters over the gradient was observed. The increasing of the vegetation height and coverage are reasonable because the succulent bush consist of bigger shrubs than the costal vegetation. For the average species and family numbers per plot you could have expected an increase of the two parameters in the transition zone between both vegetation types but the results didn’t show that increase. The two possible explanations could be that we have no transition zone or we didn’t hit the transition zone. Due to the bad state of the costal vegetation compared to 2008 we couldn’t detect the transition zone properly. 20 D P

A B C

D E

F G H

I J K

Figure plate 3 | El Médano - Montaña Roja. A) Montaña Roja; B) Anthus berthelo i (Canarian pipit); C) Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoac.); D) Ceropegia fusca (Apocynac.); E) Coastal vegeta on with El Médano in the back; F) Plocama pendula (Rubiac.) in the wind shadow of Euphorbia balsamifera (Euphorbiac.); G) Tetraena fontanesii (Zygophyllac.); H) old E. balsamifera (Euphorbiac.); I) Gymnocarpos decander (Caryophyllac.); J) Vera beaming into the camera; K) Community of Euphorbia, Launaea, Schizogyne, Plocama. Fotos: Philipp G. (A E), Simon M. (C), Tianjun L. (H), Tim B. (F G I J), W. Lobin (B D K). D P 21

Table 6 | Species of the Montana roja near El Médano. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae xx Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. Lamiaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Artemisia reptans C.Sm. ex Link Asteraceae xx Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xx Atriplex glauca ssp. ifniensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart. & al. Amaranthaceae xxx Cakile mari ma Scop. Brassicaceae xxx Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae x Ceropegia fusca Bolle Apocynaceae xxx Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty Poaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia paralias L. Euphorbiaceae xxx Fagonia cre ca L. Zygophyllaceae xxx Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae xxx Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xxx Gymnocarpos decander Forssk. Caryophyllaceae xxx Helianthemum canariense (Jacq.) Pers. Cistaceae xxx Heliotropium europaeum L. Boraginaceae xxx Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae xxx Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xxx Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae xxx Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae xx Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae xx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams Amaranthaceae xx Plantago sp. Plantaginaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Polycarpaea aristata (Aiton) C.Sm. ex DC. Caryophyllaceae x Polycarpaea nivea (Aiton) Webb Caryophyllaceae xxx Polygonum mari mum L. Polygonaceae xx Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae x Reseda scoparia Brouss. ex Willd. Resedaceae xxx Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae xx Salsola sp. Amaranthaceae xx Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae xxx Senecio glaucus L. Asteraceae xx Senecio sp. Asteraceae x Seseli webbii Coss. Apiaceae x Suaeda sp. Amaranthaceae xx Tetraena fontanesii (Webb & Berthel.) Beier & Thulin Zygophyllaceae xxx Traganum moquinii Webb ex Moq. Amaranthaceae xxx 22 D P

12.03.2016 — El Palmar, Masca, Chío and Icod de los Vinos

Protocol by Vera Krieger & Rafael Acuña

Pass above El Palmar (Mirador Altos de Baracán) 28.3282°N 16.8563°W; elev.: 808 m a.s.l. The excursion started at 8:30 a.m. when the students and professors gathered outside Apartamentos Florida Plaza to discuss the route to follow in order to reach the localities of the day. At 9:00 a.m. all the participants were heading west, in direction to Teno, from Puerto de la Cruz. Along the way after Garachico, but before this first stop, Laurus novocanariensis, Phoenix canariensis and Pinus canariensis were seen, however as these species were studied in more detail in other trips, no major discussion on them was carried out at that moment. Due to the impressive panoramas that could be seen along the way beyond Garachico, tourists flock here and their heavy activities became a nuisance in some areas. After 1 hour of travel, we reached our first stop of the day (10:05 a.m.) the pass above El Palmar. The pass above El Palmar contained a mixed vegetation from different zones, due to human activity in the area. Although laurel forest vegetation could have been an important element in this area in the past, nowadays there is no large trees in the area and it is possible to find species native to the lowland dry succulent bush, such as Artemisia thuscula, Euphorbia atropurpurea, Kleinia neriifolia, as well as species from wetter middle elevations, like Cistus monspeliensis and Erica arborea, along with widespread weeds, such as Echium plantagineum, Bituminaria bituminosa, Oxalis pes-caprae and Plantago lagopus (which are a testament of the human intervention in the zone). The flora in vertical rocky areas was also well represented by Aeonium (A. haworthii, A. tabuliforme and A. urbicum) and Monanthes pallens. After about 15 minutes we left the pass and headed towards Masca.

Pass above the Masca Valley - between Masca and Santigao del Teide Pass Mirador La Cumbre 28.2998°N -16.8239°W; elev.: 1058 m a.s.l. On our way to Masca, one car had a minor accident, so part of the group was unable to make the second planned stop of the day. The narrow and sinuous roads in this region, did not deter the arrival of large buses full of tourists, and with only half of the group present, and the presence of too many tourists, we made our second stop, starting at ca 11 a.m. The presence of three woody and large-stemmed, but very different endemic species of Sonchus (S. canariensis, S. capillaris and S. congestus) growing close to each other was one of the highlights. The vegetation here was low as well and the absence of large trees like in the previous stop was evident. Steep rocky slopes are common near this stop and Aeonium haworthii is frequently seen in these environments. About 30 minutes afterwards, the remaining half of the group arrived and then we left towards the Pinar forests above Chío. D P 23

A B C

D E

F G

H I

J K L

M N O

Figure plate 4 | Pass above El Palmar, Masca valley, Pinar above Chío and dragon tree in Icod de los Vinos. A) Echium aculeatum (Boraginac.); B) Pass above El Plamar; C) Polycarpaea la folia (Caryophyllac.); D) Dracaena draco (Asparagac.) in Icod de los Vinos; E) Cheilanthes vellea (Pteridac.); F) Café above Chio, start of the Pinar excursion; G) Pinar with Euphorbia bourgeana (Euphorbiac.) in the foreground; H) Aeonium spathulatum (Crassulac.); I) Sonchus acaulis (Asterac.); J) Aeonium pseudourbicum (Crassulac.); K) par cipants; L). Euphorbia atropurpurea (Euphorbiac.); M) Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum (Crassulac.); N) Paraceterach marantae (Pteridac.); O) Sonchus canariensis (Asterac.). Fotos: Tim B. (A K, M O), W. Lobin (L). 24 D P

Map 5 | Masca valley and Pine forest above Chío. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of SW area of Tenerife incl. the way we drove by car coming from the NE. C) Map sec on of the Pinar forest stop above Chiowith parking at the Bar Estrellas.

Pine forest above Chío Bar Estrellas (parking) 28.2292°N 16.7595°W; elev.: 1092 m a.s.l. We arrived to the Pine forest above Chío at 12:45 p.m., but before exploring the area, a small coffee break at ‘Bar Las Estrellas’ was done. At 1:15 p.m. we started to explore the area. The pine forests above Chío grow on geologically recent lava flows, locally known as ‘Malpaís’. In this kind of environment there is little exposed soil and bare rock is the most visible substrate. Under these circumstances, the pine trees cannot form a closed forest like in other areas of the islands, so, although Pinus canariensis was common, the vegetation was open and plenty of sunlight could reach the forest floor, which in many areas was dominated by Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum and especially by the very abundant Aeonium pseudourbicum. Pinus canariensis shows some really interesting adaptations: For example on one hand, the trees have very long needles, which favour the condensation of water on their surface, while on the other, the trees develop basal offshoots that allow the plants to be able to withstand forest fires. Like other pine species the bark of the Canarian Pine is thick and able to protect the trees from fire, while its needles decompose D P 25 slowly. This causes the otherwise virtually naked rock to be covered by thick layers of dead needles. Some common species that characteristically grow under the shade of the pines in this and other regions include Adenocarpus foliolosus, Bystropogon plumosus, Cistus monspeliensis and Cytisus proliferus. Although maybe not as spectacular as their laurel forest relatives, the pine forests host an interesting fern flora, that in the ‘Malpaís’ include Davallia canariensis and some drought resistant species like Cheilanthes pulchella, C. vellea and Paraceterach marantae. These plants are poikilohydric, having the ability to survive even when they lose most of the water content in their cells. In this stage they look brown, shriveled and are metabolically inactive, but as soon as water is available again, these ferns regain the lost liquid, their green color and become metabolically active. Both species of Cheilanthes as well as Paraceterach were commonly seen growing on almost bare rock, not only in Chío but also on large boulders in the Pinar above Aguamansa and in rock walls of other visited localities. It was worth noting that in Pine forests it is possible to find Pterocephalus lasiospermus although not as frequently as in the high elevation zone above the treeline in the Teide Massif. As we entered the Pinar we noticed the evidence of human occupation. Not only on the sides of the road above Chío there were mixed vine and potato cultivated areas, but also fruit trees like Ficus carica and Prunus dulcis, two species commonly associated with humans. Inside the Pinar itself there were somewhat deteriorated but very evident rock walls and trails, maybe indicating that in the past, the area was more intensively occupied by orchards or farms. After leaving the walls behind we went down the slope until we found a small valley like depression, with few adult pines growing there and a much denser shrubby growth, making it challenging to walk through. Some of the species growing here were much more common than in rest of the Chío Pinar, for example Echium virescens in full bloom, the rare spurge Euphorbia bourgeana, and Rumex lunaria. The legumes Adenocarpus foliolosus and Cytisus profilerus, were not only more abundant in this depression than elsewhere, but we found them flowering unlike co-specific plants in other areas of the Pinar. We left the Pinar at 3:50 p.m. and headed towards Icod de los Vinos.

The Dragon tree of Icod de los Vinos 28.3681°N 16.7213°W; elev.: 259 m a.s.l. We arrived to Icod de los Vinos at 4:30 p.m. Our main goal was the so called ‘Dragón milenario’ usually regarded as the largest extant Dracaena draco plant, several centuries old (although definitively not in the millennial range). Other noteworthy plants in this town include introduced ornamental plants like Dombeya wallichii and Pandanus utilis. At 5:00 p.m. the excursion of the day ended and we headed back to Puerto de la Cruz. 26 D P

Table 7 | Species list of the pass above El Palmar. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Agave americana L. Asparagaceae x Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae x Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xx Cheilanthes guanchica Bolle Pteridaceae x Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xx Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae x Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae xx Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae x Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae x Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xx Erodium sp. Geraniaceae x Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae x Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al. Lauraceae x Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae x Monanthes pallens (Webb in Christ) Christ Crassulaceae x Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae x Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae x Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae x Pinus canariensis C. Sm. Pinaceae x Plantago lagopus L. Plantaginaceae x Polycarpaea la folia Poir. Caryophyllaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae x Reichardia sp. Asteraceae x Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Fabaceae x Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb Fabaceae x Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xx Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x

Table 8 | Specis list of the pass above the Masca valley. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pteridaceae x Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae x Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb. & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium pseudourbicum Bañares Crassulaceae x Aeonium sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pit. & Proust. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Agave americana L. Agavaceae x Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae x D P 27

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae x Aichryson punctatum (C.Sm. ex Link) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Argyranthemum foeniculum (Willd.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xx Argyranthemum gracile Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Asparagus arborescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Asparagaceae x Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae x Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae x Cheirolophus canariensis (Brouss. ex Willd.) Holub Asteraceae x Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae x Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae x Cynosurus echinatus L. Poaceae x Dicheranthus plocamoides Webb Caryophyllaceae x Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae x Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae x Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Rosaceae x Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Ferula communis subsp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae x Ficus carica L. Moraceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Gladiolus italicus Mill. Iridaceae x Globularia salicina Lam Plantaginaceae x Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae x Greenovia aurea (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Greenovia dodrentalis (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae x Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae xx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae x Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae x Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae x Lolium canariense Steud. Poaceae x Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Malvaceae x Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae x Misopates oron um (L.) Raf. Plantaginaceae x Monanthes pallens (Webb in Christ) Christ Crassulaceae x Morus alba L. Moraceae x Paronychia canariensis (L.f.) Link Caryophyllaceae x Pericallis lanata (L‘Hér.) B.Nord. Asteraceae xx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xx Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae x Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae xx Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae x Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Poaceae x Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Fabaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Salix pedicellata ssp. canariensis (C.Sm. ex Link) A.K.Skvortsov Salicaceae x Salvia canariensis L. Lamiaceae xx Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae x Sideri s brevicaulis Mend.-Heuer Lamiaceae xx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae x 28 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae xx Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Sonchus fauces-orci Knoche Asteraceae x Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Lamiaceae x Teline osyroides Gibbs & Dingwall Fabaceae xx Todaroa aurea (Sol.) Parl. Apiaceae x Tricholaena teneriff ae (L.f.) Link Poaceae x Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC Crassulaceae x Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x

Table 9 | Species list of the Pinar forest above Chio. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae xx Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae xx Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium pseudourbicum Bañares Crassulaceae x Aeonium spathulatum (Hornem.) Praeger Crassulaceae xx Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae x Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman Caryophyllaceae x Asparagus plocamoides Webb ex Svent. Asparagaceae x Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. Xanthorrhoeac. xx Bystropogon origanifolius L‘Hér. Lamiaceae x Bystropogon plumosus (L.f.) L‘Hér. Lamiaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xx Carlina xeranthemoides L.f. Asteraceae x Centranthus calcitrapa (L.) Dufr. Caprifoliaceae x Cheilanthes guanchica Bolle Primulaceae x Cheilanthes pulchella Bory Pteridaceae xx Cheilanthes vellea (Aiton) Domin Pteridaceae xx Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xx Crassula llaea Lest.-Garl. Pteridaceae x Cy sus proliferus L.f. Fabaceae xx Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xxx Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae x Euphorbia bourgeana J.Gay ex Boiss. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae x Himantoglossum metlesicsianum (W.P.Teschner) P.Delforge Orchidaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Lotus berthelo i Masf. Fabaceae x Lotus campylocladus Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xx Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xx Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xx Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae xx Pelle era wildpre i Valdés Primulaceae x Pericallis cruenta Lest.-Garl. Asteraceae x Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae xxx Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P.Beauv. Poaceae x Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae x Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Rosaceae x Pterocephalus lasiospermus Link Caprifoliaceae xxx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae xxx Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb Fabaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xx Rumex maderensis Lowe Polygonaceae x D P 29

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x Scrophularia glabrata Spreng. Scrophulariac. x Silene vulgaris ssp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae xx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae xx Tolpis laciniata (Sch.Bip.) Webb Asteraceae x Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae xx Vicia cirrhosa Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Vulpia sp. Poaceae x

Table 10 | Species list of the city stop in Icod de los Vinos. Species Family 2016 Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Araucariaceae x Chamaerops humilis L. Arecaceae x Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) K.Schum. Malvaceae x Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae x Pandanus u lis Bory Pandanaceae x 30 D P

13.03.2016 — Pínar above Aguamansa

Protocol by Karin Becker & Stella Fließwasser 28.3579°N 16.5023°W; elev.: 1192 m a.s.l. We started our trip through the Pinar at around 10 am from a parking lot called ‘La Caldera’ above Aguamansa. This parking place is a starting point for several hiking trails. The trail we originally wanted to take was closed due to a landslide, but we decided to go in the same direction first to see if the way might still be possible to walk. The sides of the way were typically lined with Morella faya and Erica arborea, which are limited to disturbed forest sites as well as Cistus monspeliensis and C. symphytifolius both typical species of the Pinar. Close to Los Organos the way was closed and we then turned right on the Camino Candelaria that went right into the forest. From now on the way led us through the loose forest of Pinus canariensis, the name giving species for this vegetation type. The needles of P. canariensis are very long and have a toothed margin where the moisture from the clouds, coming from the trade winds, gets caught and drops down.

Map 6 | Pínar above Aguamansa. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the Pínar forest above Aguamansa, with the parking at and old Caldera. D P 31

A B C

D E F

G H

I J

Figure plate 5 | Pinar forest above Aguamansa. A) Pinar forest with incomming trade wind clouds; B) Orchis patens ssp. canariensis (Orchidac.); C) Echium virescens (Boraginac.); D) Pinus canariensis (Pinac.); E) Karin, Pine tree & Tim; F) Aeonium aureum (Crassulac.); G) Cistus symphy folius (Cistac.); H) Karin, Scrophularia smithii & S. glabrata (Scrophulariac.); I) Cy sus proliferus (Fabac.) with fl ower closeup in bo om le corner; J) Monanthes brachycaulos (Crassulac.). Fotos: Karin B. (D G), Stella F. (A E), Tim B. (B C F H I J). 32 D P

By this the plant increases the precipitation around its own location. Unfortunately the weather was very dry and sunny on this day so we were not able to observe this spectacle. Instead we were able to see La Palma at the horizon, which was also quite unique. Around (Nees-) lunch time we were still walking up the steep path searching for a mountain hut that should be somewhere in the forest. With the help of a local couple we concluded that we were actually on the wrong trail and went down again to find a nice place to sit. After lunch and relaxing in the sun we followed the way further down where we reached a larger forest trail and the desperately searched mountain hut. Behind the hut was a small barranco that was clearly influenced by the Cañadas vegetation. In these barrancos, and sometimes in other sites in the forest, cold air from the mountains comes down at night and facilitates species from the Caldera region to descend into the Pinar. Some of the typical Cañadas species we found were Pterocephalus lasiospermus, Spartocytisus supranubius and Carlina xeranthemoides. The rest of the day we followed the forest trail down back to the parking place. On the way we passed a water catchment facility where Karin finally found her desperately awaited Urtica morifolia. Additionally, this moist and shady place harbored some more, unusual plants, such as Myosotis latifolia and an unidentified hornwort. Around 15:20 we were back at the cars.

Table 11 | Species list of the Pínar forest above Aguamansa. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae xxx Adenocarpus complicatus ssp. aureus (Cav.) C.Vicioso Fabaceae x Aeonium aureum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) T.H.M.Mes Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium spathulatum (Hornem.) Praeger Crassulaceae xx Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae x Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae xxx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Allium sp. Amaryllidaceae x Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae xx Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link Pteridaceae xx Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Ericaceae xxx Argyranthemum broussone i (Pers.) Humphries Asteraceae x Asplenium onopteris L. Aspleniaceae xx Asplenium trichomanes L. Aspleniaceae xx Bencomia caudata (Aiton) Webb & Berthel. Rosaceae xx Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L‘Hér. Lamiaceae xxx Cardamine hirsuta L. Brassicaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xxx Castanea sa va Mill. Fagaceae x Cheilanthes pulchella Bory Pteridaceae xx Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xxx Cistus symphy folius Lam. Cistaceae xxx Crambe strigosa L‘Hér. Brassicaceae xx Cupressus sempervirens L. Cupressaceae x Cynosurus echinatus L. Poaceae x Cy nus hypocis s (L.) L. Cy naceae x D P 33

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Cy sus proliferus L.f. Fabaceae xx Daphne gnidium L. Thymelaeaceae xxx Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae x Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae xxx Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xxx Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae xxx Festuca agus ni Linding. Poaceae xx Galium aparine L. Rubiaceae x Galium scabrum L. Rubiaceae xx Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. Orchidaceae xx Geranium reuteri Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geraniaceae xx Geranium rober anum L. Geraniaceae x Hedera canariensis Willd. Araliaceae xx Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae xxx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae xxx Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae xx Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Plantaginaceae xx Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel. Cupressaceae x Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al. Lauraceae xx Lobularia canariensis ssp. intermedia (Webb) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Lotus campylocladus Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xx Lysimachia linum-stellatum L. Primulaeceae x Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xx Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae xxx Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae xxx Myoso s la folia Poir. Boraginaceae xx Neo nea maculata (Desf.) Stearn Orchidaceae xxx Orchis patens subsp. canariensis (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn. Orchidaceae xx Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae xx Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae xx Pericallis cruenta (L‘Hér.) Bolle Asteraceae xxx Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae xx Pimpinella cumbrae Link Apiaceae xxx Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae xxx Pinus radiata D.Don Pinaceae xxx Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae xx Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xx Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaed aceae xx Pterocephalus lasiospermus Link Caprifoliaceae xx Quercus ilex L. Fagaceae xxx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae xxx Rhamnus integrifolia Spreng. ex Meisn. Rhamnaceae xx Rubus sp. Rosaceae x Rumex bucephalophorus L. Polygonaceae x Rumex maderensis Lowe Polygonaceae x Scrophularia glabrata Spreng. Scrophulariaceae xxx Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariaceae xxx Sedum rubens L. Crassulaceae x Senecio teneriff ae Sch. Bip. ex Bolle Asteraceae x Sideri s canariensis L. Lamiaceae xx Sideri s oroteneriff ae Négrin & P.Pérez Lamiaceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus canariensis (Sch. Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae x Sonchus gummifer Link Asteraceae xx Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xx 34 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Tinguarra cerviariaefolia (DC.) Parl. Apiaceae xx Todaroa montana Webb ex Christ Apiaceae xxx Tragopogon hybridus L. Asteraceae x Tragopogon sp. Asteraceae x Tuberaria gu ata (L.) Fourr. Cistaceae x Ur ca morifolia Poir. Ur caceae x Usnea sp. (Lichen) Parmeliaceae xxx Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae xxx Vicia scandens R.P.Murray Fabaceae xx Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae x

Table 12 | Species list of a Barranco with Cañadas elements within the Pinar forest above Aguamansa. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium aureum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) T.H.M.Mes Crassulaceae xx Aeonium spathulatum (Hornem.) Praeger Crassulaceae xx Asplenium trichomanes L. Aspleniaceae xx Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L‘Hér. Lamiaceae x Carlina xeranthemoides L.f. Asteraceae xxx Cistus symphy folius Lam. Cistaceae x Crassula llaea Lest.-Garl. Crassulaceae x Cy sus proliferus L.f. Fabaceae xx Descurainia bourgeauana (E. Fourn.) O.E. Schulz Brassicaceae xx Erica arborea L. Ericaceae x Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae x Festuca agus ni Linding. Poaceae xx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae x Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xx Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. Ophioglossaceae x Orchis patens ssp. canariensis (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn. Orchidaceae x Poa bulbosa L. Poaceae x Pterocephalus lasiospermus Link Caprifoliaceae xxx Sideri s oroteneriff ae Négrin & P.Pérez Lamiaceae xxx Spartocy sus supranubius (L. f.) Christ ex G. Kunkel Fabaceae xxx Tuberaria gu ata (L.) Fourr. Cistaceae xxx Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae xxx D P 35

14.03.2016 — Mal Pais de Güímar & Barranco de Badajoz

Protocol by Julia Walter & Tianjun Liu

Mal Pais de Güímar east of Puertito de Güímar 28.3031°N 16.435°W; elev.: 17 m a.s.l. In the morning we met at 8:30 in front of the hotel. It was a sunny morning with 17°C and just some small clouds under the top of the Teide. At 8:45 we drove in the direction to Puertito de Güimar. We arrived at 9:55 and started our tour at Punta de los Canarios. From this point we had a view to Gran Canaria. This is a rare outlook and only possible with clear skies. When we started our tour we saw coastal vegetation with plants like Astydamia latifolia, which is a halophyte and grows only in areas with splash water. When we went up some meters the ground changed from sandy and gritty to stony. Then we were in the Malpais which meaned “bad land”. The Malpais are fields of solidified lava with an age of less than 10,000 years. The whole area did emerge by volcanic eruptions of Montaña Grande and occupies 290 ha. There was nearly no soil and the plants had to grow in the cracks of the rocks. The vegetation close to sea level is dominated by succulent species. Among others the dominant species here was Euphorbia balsamifera growing in depressions in the cracks of the lava protected from the wind. Other plants like Ceropegia fusca grew close to the Euphorbia bushes to do the same. During the walk, Mr. Lobin was looking for the information center of the Reserva Natural Especial Malpais de Guimar which should have been there, but we did not find it. Instead, we saw a Canarian pipit (Anthus berthelotii). It was difficult for Mahdieh to walk on this uneven ground, so she went back to the beach soon. Suddenly, Mahsa stumbled. So we made a short break to treat her wounds and went back to the cars afterwards. At 12:15 we drove to the harbour of Puertito de Guimar to have our lunch break at the coast on some benches. Vera and Johannes spontaneously went for a short swim in the sea.

Barranco de Badajoz (Güímar) 28.3031°N 16.4350°W; elev.: 541 m a.s.l. We finished our break with ice-cream at 13:15, and arrived at the Barranco de Badajoz 13:50 after we made the wrong direction because there was a new road. Barranco is the Spanish word for cliff. This area has a special geomorphology with bold rock faces made by basalt and pumice. This is why Barrancos are unique watersheds and why they differ from the surroundings in climate. The structures and the own climate build various habitats for many plants and animals. Because of human use, the canyon doesn‘t show its natural face. 36 D P

A B C

D E F

G H

I J

K

L M N O

Figure plate 6 | Mal Pais de Güímar & Barranco de Güímar. A) Mal Pais near Puer to de Güímar; B) Ceropegia fusca (Apocynac.); C) Campylanthus salsoloides (Plantaginac.); D) Euphorbia canariensis (Euphorbiac.); E) Sonchus microcarpus (Asterac.); F) Succulent bush vegeta on; G) Saskia & Stella; H) Mahsa presen ng her wounds; I) Frankenia ericifolia (Frankeniac.); J) Bencomia caudata (Rosac.); K) Barranco de Badajoz; L) Group in the Barranco; M) Vicia cirrhosa (Fabac.); N) Canarina canariensis (Campanulac); O) Kunkeliella retamoides (Santalac.). Fotos: Karin B. (H N L), W. Lobin (M), Tim B. (A B C D E F G I J K). D P 37

Map 7 | Mal Pais de Güímar & Barranco de Badajos. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Map sec on of the Barranco de Badajoz above Güímar. C) Map sec on of the hiking track through the Nature Reserve Malpaís de Güímar NE of Puer to de Güímar. D) Overview map of the greater Güímar area incl. the two hiking tracks.

People divert the water from its source so there is less humidity than there should have been in natural. This is shown in the vegetation which otherwise would be more opulent. Nevertheless, there are a lot of endemic plants like Vicia cirrhosa and others. At the entrance of the Barranco, we saw typical elements of deforested thermophilous shrub vegetation which would be replaced by succulent bush. So there were species like Erica aborea, Lavandula canariensis and Rumex lunaria. Next to the indigenous there were also a lot of introduced species like Nicotiana glauca and Oxalis pescaprae which is the most spread neophyte on Tenerife. When we were half way in the canyon, we saw laurel pigeons (Columba junoniae). For the reason they were marked and since there were nest boxes we concluded that there could be a project to protect them. While observing the pigeons we heard a strange noise. It came somewhere out of the bushes. Stefan tried to find it but it was not possible. Because of the peculiar sound he thought it could be the nest of a petrel. 38 D P

Higher up in the Barranco we came to a transition zone where we found the first two laurel forest elements growing next to each other: Rhamnus glandulosa and Gymnosporia cassinoides. Both are lauroid evergreen trees with leather like leaves. On our way back we saw a lot of flowering Canarina canariensis. We arrived at the cars at 17:00 and in Puerto de la Cruz at 18:15.

Table 13 | Species list of the coastal vegeta on near Puer to de Güímar. Species Family 2008 2016 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xx Centaurea melitensis L. Asteraceae x Datura sp. Solanaceae x Fagonia la folia Delile Zygophyllaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae xx Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xx Heliotropium erosum Lehm. Boraginaceae x Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae xx Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams Amaranthaceae xx Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae x Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae xx Spergula fallax (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause Caryophyllaceae xx Tetraena fontanesii (Webb & Berthel.) Beier & Thulin Zygophyllaceae xx Volutaria sp. Asteraceae xx

Table 14 | Species list of the Mal País de Güímar near Puer to de Güímar. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae x Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. Lamiaceae x Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae xxx Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Aris da adscensionis L. Poaceae xx Asparagus arborescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Asparagaceae xxx Asteriscus aqua cus (L.) Less. Asteraceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae x Bassia crassifolia (Pall.) Soldano Amaranthaceae x Campylanthus salsoloides (L.f.) Roth Plantaginaceae xxx Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae xxx Ceropegia fusca Bolle Apocynaceae xxx Chenopodium coronopus Moq. Amaranthaceae x Cneorum pulverulentum Vent. Rutaceae xx Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae xx Echium bonne i Coincy Boraginaceae x Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia obtusifolia Poir. in Lam. Euphorbiaceae x Fagonia cre ca L. Zygophyllaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae x Heliotropium europaeum L. Boraginaceae x Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae x Kickxia scoparia (Brouss. ex Spreng.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Plantaginaceae xx D P 39

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae x Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae xx Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae xx Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae x Malva pusilla Sm. Malvaceae x Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae x Mesembryanthemum nodifl orum L. Aizoaceae xx Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae xx Notoceras bicorne (Aiton) Amo Brassicaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams Amaranthaceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xx Phagnalon purpurascens Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Phagnalon saxa le (L. f.) Cass. Asteraceae x Phagnalon umbelliforme DC. Asteraceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae xx Reichardia crystallina (Sch.Bip. ex Sch.Bip.) Bramwell Asteraceae x Reichardia famarae Bramwell & G.Kunkel ex M.J.Gallego & TalaveraAsteraceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae x Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae xxx Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae xx Scrophularia arguta Aiton Scrophulariaceae x Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Sonchus microcarpus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb. Asteraceae xxx Spergula fallax (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause Caryophyllaceae x Tetraena fontanesii (Webb & Berthel.) Beier & Thulin Zygophyllaceae x Urginea hesperia (Webb & Berth.) Hans. & Sund. Liliaceae x Volutaria sp. Asteraceae x Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x

Table 15 | Species list of the Barranco Badajoz above Güímar. Species Family 2008 2016 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae x Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae x Adiantum reniforme L. Pteridaceae x Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae x Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae x Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae x Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Ericaceae xx Argyranthemum gracile Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Argyranthemum vincen i Santos & Feria Asteraceae xx Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae x Bencomia caudata (Aiton) Webb & Berthel. Rosaceae xx Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae x Bryonia verrucosa Aiton Cucurbitaceae x Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. Apiaceae xx Campanula erinus L. Campanulaceae x Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae xx Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae x 40 D P

Species Family 2008 2016 Chamaecy sus prolifer (L. f.) Link Fabaceae x Cheilanthes pulchella Bory Pteridaceae xx Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae x Cistus symphy folius Lam. Cistaceae xx Convolvulus canariensis L. Convolvulaceae xx Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ Brassicaceae x Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae x Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae x Descurainia bourgeauana (E. Fourn.) O.E. Schulz Brassicaceae x Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae x Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae x Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae xx Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xx Eupatorium sp. Asteraceae x Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae x Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae x Gymnosporia cassinoides (L'Hér.) Masf. Celastraceae x Heberdenia excelsa Banks ex Schult. Primulaceae x Hypericum calycinum L. Hypericaceae x Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae xx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae xx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Kunkeliella retamoides A.Santos Santalaceae xx Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae x Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Luzula elegans Lowe Juncaceae x Mercurialis sp. Apiaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Olea europaea subsp. guanchica P.Vargas et al. Oleaceae x Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae x Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae x Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Poaceae x Pericallis lanata (L'Hér.) B.Nord. Asteraceae xx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae x Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae xx Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC. Oleaceae x Pimpinella sp. Apiaceae x Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae x Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae xx Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae x Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae x Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae xx Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton Rhamnaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae x Rubia peregrina L. Rubiaceae x Rubus bollei Focke Rosaceae x Rumex bucephalophorus L. Polygonaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Ruta pinnata L.f. Rutaceae x Salvia canariensis L. Lamiaceae xx Scabiosa fru culosa C.Sm. ex DC. Caprifoliaceae x Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariaceae x Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae x Sideri s soluta Clos Lamiaceae xx D P 41

Species Family 2008 2016 Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xx Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae xx Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae x Tamus edulis Lowe Discoreaceae x Teline osyrioides Gibbs & Dingwall Fabaceae xx Tinguarra cerviariaefolia (DC.) Parl. Apiaceae x Todaroa aurea (Sol.) Parl. Apiaceae x Tuberaria gu ata (L.) Fourr. Cistaceae x Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae x Vicia cirrhosa Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xx Visnea mocanera L.f. Pentaphylacaceae x 42 D P

15.03.2016 — Cañadas del Teide

Protocol by Mahsa Namini & Saskia Schlesak 28.2241°N 16.6272°W; elev.: 2163 m a.s.l. We left the hotel at 8:30 am, past Aguamansa and drove to the Las Cañadas del Teide National Park. At 10:15 am we arrived at the Hotel Parador de las Cañadas del Teide (Cañada Blanca), which is located at an elevation of around 2250 m. Due to our 16.6 km long trail one car had been brought back to the entrance of the national park (El Portillo). For future excursions there is the possibility to park all cars at the entrance of the national park and take a public bus for the last few kilometers to the hotel. The excursion started at 11 am near the hotel with very clear, sunny weather and melting snow. The volcano Teide is 3,718 m high and eponymic for the national park. We spent our tour in the Caldera de las Cañadas, which is known for its outstanding geology and biological characteristics. In the beginning of the tour, we got in touch with two of the most abundant species Pterocephalus lasiospermus and Spartocytisus supranubius, dominating the shrubby vegetation. On the trail several plants endemic to the Cañadas like the presently flowering Erysimum scoparium, Descurainia bourgeauana and Argyranthemum tenerifae dominated the vegetation. An adaptation to the strong exposure to the sun are the trichomes on leaves and stems, which function as a protection. Further endemic plants we found during our trail were Silene cf. nocteolens and Juniperus cedrus. Surprisingly we also found Nepetea teydea, which is also endemic to the Cañadas. With our walk further away from the hotel the amount of faded, desiccated, biennial Echium wildpretii increased, but still only one year old individuals could be found, which should flower in their second year. We also discovered several cold air lakes (Kälteseen) that indicate no vegetation due to the accumulated cold air inhibiting the growth of plants. At 12:30 pm we started our half an hour lunch break, when we spotted the Canary Shrike, Lanius meridionalis koenigii, sitting on a faded Echium wildpretii looking for lizards or leftovers from our meals. Further, along our way we saw several workers sent by the administration of the national park to census endangered plant species, like Bencomia exstipulata, Helianthemum juliae, v cf. nocteolens and Rhaponticum canariense, which were already present in a small population. Their ambition to establish and increase the population number surprised us in a positive way. Next to the unique plant species we also saw two other bird species: The Canarian pipit (Anthus berthelotii Bolle, 1862) and the Canarian kestrel Falco tinnunculus canariensis. Except for small individuals of Pinus canariensis we discovered a lack of tree-like plants. One should know that a Pine forest could not be established in this evaluation since it is above mean tree-line, which is set by the climatic conditions. D P 43

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

Figure plate 7 | Punta del Teide. A) Excursion group on the way in the caldera I; B) Signpost on our way; C) Echium auberianum (Boraginac.); D) Aeonium smithii (Crassulac.); E) pool of cold air in the caldera; F) Excursion group on the way in the caldera II; G) Cheirolophus teydis (Asterac.); H) Argyranthemum tenerifae (Asterac.); I) Johannes ge ng his way through the mel ng snow; J) Tjanjun walking on the trail; K) Erysimum scoparium (Brassica.); L) Lanius meridionalis koenigi (Canarian grey shrike). Fotos: Mahsa N. (B E), Saskia S. (J), Simon M. (C I), Tim B. (A D F G H L), W. Lobin (K). 44 D P

At 4:30 pm the first of us reached the end of the trail at the entrance of the national park where one of the four cars was parked. After meeting up and getting the other cars, half of the group left to the hotel while the other half stayed to watch the stars. Due to the early year we did not expect a high diversity and were surprised by the many flowering plant species. We actually saw up to 1/3 of the plants documented for the national park.

Map 8 | Cañada del Teide. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map the hiking track along the Cañada del Teide track from the Cañada Visitor Center to El Por llo.

Table 16 | Species list of the Cañada between Hotel Parador and El Por llo. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae x Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xxx Aeonium smithii (Sims) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae x Argyranthemum tenerifae Humphries Asteraceae xxx Arrhenatherum calderae A.Hansen Poaceae xxx Bufonia paniculata ssp. teneriff ae Kunkel Caryophyllaceae x Carlina xeranthemoides L.f. Asteraceae xxx Cheilanthes guanchica Bolle Pteridaceae xx Cheirolophus teydis (C.Sm.) G.López Asteraceae xxx Descurainia bourgeauana (E. Fourn.) O.E. Schulz Brassicaceae xxx D P 45

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Descurainia gonzalezii Svent. Brassicaceae xx Descurainia lemsii Bramwell Brassicaceae x Echium auberianum Webb & Berthel. Boraginaceae xxx Echium wildpre i H.Pearson ex Hook.f. Boraginaceae xxx Erysimum scoparium (Brouss. ex Willd.) We st. Brassicaceae xxx Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiacaeae xxx Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel. Cupressaceae xxx Nepeta teydea Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae xxx Pimpinella cumbrae Link Apiaceae xxx Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae xx Plantago webbii Barnéoud Plantaginaceae xxx Polycarpaea tenuis Webb ex Christ Caryophyllaceae xx Pterocephalus lasiospermus Link Caprifoliaceae xxx Rhamnus integrifolia Spreng. ex Meisn. Rhamnaceae xxx Scrophularia glabrata Spreng. Scrophulariaceae xxx Sideri s eriocephala Marrero Rodr. ex Negrín & P.Pérez Lamiaceae xx Silene cf. nocteolens Webb & Berthel. Caryophyllaceae xxx Spartocy sus supranubius (L. f.) Christ ex G. Kunkel Fabaceae xxx Tolpis webbii Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xxx 46 D P

16.03.2016 — Coast Buenavista & Thermophile forest

Protocol by Tim Böhnert & Simon Momper

Coast near Buenavista beside the golf course 28.3727°N 16.8701°W; elev.: 39 m a.s.l. As every morning the excursion day started at 8.30 am in front of the hotel. After a short introduction we made our way to the first stop at the coast side of Buenavista near the Golf course, which is located directly at the coast together with a pool (Piscina Municipal de Buenavista) and a café (El Burgado). On our way to Buenavista we passed Los Silos (our destination for the second stop of the day) and several banana plantations. This particular place was discovered by Stefan and Tim, while they lost one’s way during the second day on the way to Punto del Teno. Anyway, the location was dominated by a ca. 200 m long car park along the coastline and a mixture of ornamental trees and planted native plants between the car park and the rugged coast. On the other side of the car park the landscape was dominated by the golf course (north-east) uncultivated land as well as banana plantations. Interestingly, beside the not native Coccoloba uvifera, most of the plants, which were planted there, namely Tamarix canariensis, Ceropegia dichotoma, Euphorbia canariensis, E. balsamifera and E. aphylla, are species native to the Canary Islands or even Canarian endemics. Between these species a mixture of typical elements of coastal and succulent bush vegetation was found, including widely distributed and introduced plants like Atriplex semibaccata. On the other side of the car park along a ruderal band between the car park and the uncultivated land additional native plants were found, namely as Argyranthemum frutescens and Aizoon canariense but also introduced and widely distributed neophytic plants, as Nicotiana glauca. However, we virtually found not a single native species what we haven’t seen during the days before, thus we drove back to Los Silos for our second and last stop of the day.

Thermophile forest above Los Silos 28.3632°N 16.8022°W; elev.: 219 m a.s.l. For the second stop at Los Trigos above Los Silos it was scheduled to see some of the last remnants of thermophile shrub forest vegetation, which was found in former days much more frequent along the humid north side of the island. However, nowadays this vegetation type is extremely threatened because of the special edaphic and climatic conditions, which turned out to be suitable especially for banana production and other agricultural products. Today, thermophile shrub forests are restricted to relatively steep location and are general highly fragmented. Another relatively large area of thermophile shrub vegetation we visited on our second excursion day above Buenavista (Camino del Risco, a seenic hiking track). However, to reach our today’s excursion destination we left the bypass, coming from Buenavista, behind Los Silos in a roundabout and continued on a small and narrow D P 47

A B

C D

E F G H

J

I

Figure plate 8 | Coast at Buenavista & thermophil forest at Tierra de Trigo above Los Silos. A) Overview over the coastal area of Los Silos with intenive platano planta ons; B) Phoenix canariensis (Arecac.); C) Teucrium heterophyllum (Boraginac.); D) Jus cia hyssopifolia (Acanthac.); E) Aeonium tabuliforme & Monanthes laxifl ora (Crassulac.); F) Vieraea laevigata (Asterac.); G) Marcetella moquiniana (Rosac.); H) Simon with P. canariensis fond with the water chanel and thermophil vegeta on in the back; I) Monanthes polyphylla (Crassulac.); J) Coastal vegeta on at Buenavista. Fotos: Tim B. (A B C D E F H I J ), W. Lobin (G). 48 D P

Map 9 | Coast at Buenavista & thermophil forest at Tierra de Trigo above Los Silos. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Map sec on of the thermophil forest above Los Silos incl. the road from Los Silos to the water channel we walked along.

road, which brought us up to 200 m above the coast in a relatively steep north facing mountainside. Following the road through plantations on the first part, the road turned into a serpentine track up the hill. In a serpentine we reached a crossing with a small water-channel, which was built along the mountainside and which was used by us to made our way into the thermophile vegetation. As the channel was closed on the top it was relatively comfortable to use it as track. We followed the channel till we reached a steep cliff and only some of us walked a few meters around the cliff, where we found a flowering Vieraea laevigata. Except from the disturbance along the channel probably caused by its construction the shrub forest vegetation seemed to be in good condition. The most prominent and characteristic species was Phoenix canariensis, while the shrub layer was dominated by Hypericum canariensis, Justicia hyssopifolia, Echium giganteum, Heberdenia excelsa and Jasminum odoratissimum to name only a few. Above the channel, where it was too steep for most of the shrubs species, species like Aeonium tabuliforme but also Dracaena draco dominated the scene. One of the most striking elements mainly restricted to the disturbed vegetation along the channel was Agave americana with many individuals of different age. At around 1 pm we drove the steep road further up to find a view point. But as several new roads were built during the last years we didn’t find the spot, thus we drove back to Puerto de la Cruz. D P 49

Table 17| Species list of the short stop at the car park near Buenavista.

Species Family 2016 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae x Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. Amaranthaceae x Carpobrotus sp. Aizoaceae x Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae x Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Polygonaceae x Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae x Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae x Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. Polygonaceae x Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia cf. serpens Kunth Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae x Lotus tenellus (Lowe) Sandral, A.Santos & D.D.Sokoloff Fabaceae x Mesembryanthemum nodifl orum L. Aizoaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams Amaranthaceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae x Plantago aschersonii Bolle Plantaginaceae x Plantago lagopus L. Plantaginaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae x Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae x Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Asteraceae x Spergularia sp. Caryophyllaceae x Tamarix canariensis Willd. Tamaricaceae x

Table 18 | Species list of thermophil vegeta on at Los Trigos above Los Silos. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pteridaceae xx Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Agave americana L. Asparagaceae xx Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae xxx Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae xx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae xxx Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman Caryophyllaceae x Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae xxx Arundo donax L. Poaceae x Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae xxx Bosea yervamora L. Amaranthaceae x Campanula erinus L. Campanulaceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Chaetonychia cymosa (L.) Sweet Caryophyllaceae x 50 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae xxx Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae x Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae xx Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xxx Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae x Dicheranthus plocamoides Webb Caryophyllaceae xxx Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae xxx Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae x Drimia hesperia (Webb & Berthel.) J.C.Manning & Goldbla Asparagaceae x Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae x Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae x Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae xx Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae x Erysimum bicolor (Hornem.) DC. Brassicaceae xxx Eucalyptus globulus Labell. Myrtaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xxx Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae xxx Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae xxx Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae xxx Gymnosporia cassinoides (L‘Hér.) Masf. Celastraceae x Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae xxx Heberdenia excelsa Banks ex Schult. Primulaceae xxx Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae xxx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae x Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xxx Jus cia hyssopifolia L. Acanthaceae xxx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xxx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae xx Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae xx Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Malvaceae xxx Lysimachia wildpre i (Valdés) U.Manns & Anderb. Primulaceae x Marcetella moquiniana (Webb & Berthel.) Svent. Rosaceae xxx Maytenus canariensis (Loes.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Celastraceae xxx Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae x Micromeria sp. Lamiaceae x Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae xxx Monanthes polyphylla (Aiton) Haw. Crassulaceae xxx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae xx Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae x Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xx Pancra um canariense Ker Gawl. Amaryllidaceae xx Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae xxx Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae xxx Pericallis echinata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae x Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xx Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae xx Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae xxx Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae xxx Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae xxx Polycarpaea carnosa C.Sm. ex Buch Caryophyllaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae x Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae xx Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae xxx D P 51

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Rubia agos nhoi Dans. & P.Silva Rubiaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xx Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae x Seseli webbii Coss. Apiaceae x Sideri s cre ca L. Lamiaceae xxx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae xxx Tamus edulis Lowe Dioscoreaceae xx Teucrium heterophyllum L‘Hér. Lamiaceae xxx Tinguarra cervariaefolia (DC.) Parl. Apiaceae x Trifolium aureum Pollich Fabaceae x Ulex europaeus L. Fabaceae x Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xxx Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae x 52 D P

17.03.2016 — Loro Park

Protocol by Stefan Abrahamczyk We met at 9:00 am to walk from the hotel to the Loro Park. The Loro Park is a zoo, specialized on birds but also shows some rare mammals and reptiles. Outside the public area it harbors the world largest collection of parrots, including several highly endangered species and is famous for breeding successfully several extremely rare species. The walk from the hotel to the zoo, mainly along the coast line took us about 20 minutes. After arriving at the Loro Park we had some time to discover the park on our own. Two hours later we got a guided tour through the bird breeding and health centre by R. Zamora Padrón, one of the scientific directors of the Loro Park. He explained us the activities of the park to breed and reintroduce some of the most threatened parrot species, including the Spix and Lear´s macaw. For breeding these species it is very important to have founded knowledge on the ecology of the species: In what kind of caves do they breed in nature, what exactly do they feed on, how is their social structure, etc. Only if all of these factors are optimal some species start breeding, which makes it complicated to keep them in captivity. Breeding these rare species has several reasons: 1. to keep a stable population in captivity even if the natural populations are decreasing; 2. is to have a stable breeding population to support wild populations by reintroduction programs if these population decline and preserving them from extinction; 3. to provide birds for the market, which reduces the pressure of illegally capturing of wild birds. Before starting reintroduction programs it is very important to find out which factors are responsible for the decline of the species and to improve the habitat by reducing the impact of such factors. For example it can be necessary to plant additional food plants and provide additional food as long as the plants do not produce enough fruits or to provide additional nesting cages and protect the natural breeding trees. Further, it is most important to educate the local people and getting their support by giving them the chance to earn money with the protection of the bird, e.g. by ecotourism. To prepare young birds for the introduction into the wild it is important to let them socialize with wild birds beforehand. By this contact the birds learn the natural behaviour, lose the trust to humans and find out where to go for feeding and sleeping. The tour and the open discussion with R. Zamora Padrón was highly appreciated by all members of the excursion. We suggested to include an area into the park that shows the endemic birds and plants of Tenerife and explaining why they are endangered as this information is not provided to most of the tourists. Further, such an information centre could also be visited by the school kids of Tenerife to make them aware of the very special and endangered nature of the island. After the tour we had time of our own to further discover the Loro Park or do what many other tourist do on Tenerife. D P 53

18.03.2016 — Anaga I: Laurel Forest, El Pijaral – Roque Chinobre

Protocol by Stella Eggels & Konstantin Neumann

28.5520°N 16.1916°W; elev.: 745 m a.s.l. At this day we started our way into the Anaga with surprisingly smooth traffic from Puerto de la Cruz at 8:55 am. We took the Autopista del Norte (TF-5) in the direction of Santa Cruz and left the highway when a big sign, that could not slip our attention, led the way to the Anaga. Following the TF-13 and crossing Las Mercedes, we joined the street TF-12 that runs through the whole mountain range. We passed Cruz del Carmen and drove onto the TF-123. 1 km behind a small café and hostel called Albergue Montes de Anaga the drivers stopped the cars at an inconspicuous stairway that was carved into the bare stone. From here the group started the excursion at 10:45 am per pedes through the laurel forest of the natural reserve of El Pijaral1. We were stunned by the atmosphere between the trees that were overgrown with mosses, liverworts, ferns like Davallia canariensis or Polypodium macaronesicum and even the Crassulaceae Aeonium cuneatum and Monanthes laxiflora. It was not very hard to imagine being in the old Fangorn woods known from the Lord of the Rings. But very quickly we focused our attention back on the flora and examined the eponymous elements of the laurel forest: the lauroid trees. Those trees belong to 6 families: Rosaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Rhamnaceae, Primulaceae – subfamily Myrsinoideae and Myricaceae. At the first glimpse those trees look very alike with their dark, evergreen, thick, more or less oval leaves and dark and rough bark. However, with the help of some small features the attending observer can distinguish them. Of course the Rosaceae are the family that is the easiest to recognize because of their typically divided leaves with stipules and the characteristic Rosaceae flowers. Common species in the laurel forest are Bencomia caudata and Prunus lusitanica. Members of the Aquifoliaceae are dioecious. Their leaves do not have glands and are serrated. Typical representatives on Tenerife are Ilex canariensis or Ilex perado ssp. platyphylla. The Lauraceae can be identified by the special opening mechanism of their anthers. Furthermore, their leaves are never serrated and their fruits just have very small or no cupulae. But the most striking feature are the glands at the bottom side of their leaves. Those glands are arranged in two rows in the first branching of the leaf veins. Laurus novocanariensis is the most prominent species. Another Lauraceae species which is relatively easy to recognize is Apollonias barbujana due to the galls on the leaves which are caused by mites.

1 We did not men on earlier that we had permissions to enter all protected sites that we visited. As "El Pijeral" is strictly protected we would like to point out the necessity to obtain these permissions from the government and entering this area not without such a permisson. 54 D P

A B

C D E

F G

H

I

J K L M

Figure plate 10 | El Pijaral – Roque Chinobre (laurel forest in the Anaga mountains). A) Panorama of the Anaga mountain range with laurel forest along the ridge; B) Epiphyllic liverworts; C) Anaga mountains with Teide in the back; D) Aeonium cuneatum (Crassulac.) as faculta ve epiphyte growing in epiphy c mosses; E) Semele androgyna (Asparagac.); F) Geranium reuteri (Geraniac.) & Ranunculus cortusifolius (Ranunculac.); G) Gennaria diphylla (Orchidac.); H) walking in the laurel forest; I) Trade winds; J) Woodwardia radicans (Blechnac.); K) Laurobasidium lauri (Exobasidiac.) on Laurus novocanariensis (Laurac.); L) Asplenium hemioni s (Aspleniac.); M) Isoplexis canariensis (Plantaginac.). Fotos: Sasakia E. (E I), Tim B. (A B C D F G H K L M), W. Lobin (J). D P 55

Rhamnaceae are a little bit tricky to distinguish because they are very similar to the Lauraceae. However, their leaves are much smaller, the glands are larger and the leaf margin is slightly dissected, like the ones of Rhamnus glandulosa. Primulaceae – subfamily Myrsinoideae have relatively small leaves as well. The margins of those leaves are crenate and at the end of the branches there are scars of old leaves. Furthermore, they are cauliflorous. A typical member is Heberdenia excelsa. Very characteristic for Myricaceae are the catkin like panicles and the typical aggregated drupelets that look like mulberries. Morella faya is the most prominent species in the laurel forest. As we proceeded deeper into the woods, we encountered a lot of big ferns like Dryopteris oligodonta and the relatively similar looking Woodwardia radicans. Woodwardia is also called “Chainfern” due to the chain-like arrangemet of sori underneth the fonds. Additionally, small bulbils are growing at the tip of each frond. When the frond is bending down to the ground, the plantlet is touching the soil and starts rooting and becoming a independent plant. Besides the impressive big fronds there were smaller and more fragile ferns like Vandenboschia radicans or Hymenophyllum tunbrigense. Those rather fine ferns belong to the family of the Hymenophyllaceae and their most striking feature is that the frond lamina is build up of only one layer of cells. That is the reason why those ferns are only found very rarely and only in areas where the humidity is very high. Otherwise they would dry up within minutes. An additional highlight was Sambucus palmensis. This is a very rare species of Sambucus which is only occurring in those mountains. It is a genus which most of our group was not expecting there. Between the trees and ferns there were a lot of lianas like Rubus ulmifolius, Smilax aspera, Canarina canariensis and Convolvulus canariensis. But the most striking liana was Semele androgyna, because, besides having small reduced and inconspicuous real leaves, the shoots take over the function of photosynthesis. The flowers of Semele grew on those “Phyllocladia” that look like leaves. At 12:30 pm, a part of the group had its first lunch break. After that we found something very special on the leaves of the surrounding vegetation: epiphyllous liverworts. This is a very common in tropical rainforests in South America but extremely rare in Europe, due to the fact that European trees lose their leaves during the year. Most trees in the laurel forest are evergreen and therefore the liverworts have a chance to grow on the leaves of those trees. Common species of epiphyllous liverworts are Aphanolejeunea microscopica or Cololejeunea minutissima from the family of the Lejeuneaceae1.

1 During the fi rst excursion with students from Bonn University, we could report eipiphyllous mosses for the fi rst me on the Canary Islands (see Boecker et al. 1993). 56 D P

Map 10 | Anaga, Laurel Forest, El Pijaral – Roque Chinobre. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the Nature Reserve del Pijaral and the hiking track star ng at a small parking along the road through aurel forest to Roque Chinobre viewpoint. Shortly after this event the group entered the road TF-123 again and followed it until it reached a small parking side called La Ensillada. On the way we saw a specimen of the very rare Euphorbia mellifera. This species is the only member of the genus Euphorbia that grows as a tree in the Canary islands. However, Mr. Lobin supposed that this specimen was planted. Furthermore, we found the tree fungus Laurobasidium lauri growing on a Laurus novocanariensis. This fungus only occurs on this specific Laurus species. Later we found out that the forest way Mr. Lobin was looking for just 2 km behind La Ensillada. But anyway the path was closed. From La Ensillada we again entered the forest and climbed up to the peak of Roque Chinobre. At the top we found a population of several hundred of Viola anagae and some plants of Gennaria diphylla. On Roque Chinobre we had our second lunch break and encountered a typical phenomenon that is essential for the laurel forest: We could observe clouds that were driven into the mountainside by the Trade winds. Those clouds bring the water into the Anaga that is necessary to sustain the ecosystem. The moisture from the clouds condenses at the leaves of the laurel trees and drips down onto the forest ground. The Trade winds are also affecting the growth form of the species in a direct manner: D P 57

Most of the wind exposed trees have very long stems that are bent into the direction the wind blows. The whole stem is without branches, only at the tip the trees start branching. This way the plant suffers less damage from strong winds and gets a sufficient light yield. As the group decided to go back to the cars we realized that some participants of the excursion were lost on the track. No one knew where they were and due to a lack of cellphone reception, we could not reach them. So we assumed they already went back to the cars and we hit the road to do likewise. We followed the road TF-123 back to our parking side. On this way Mr. Lobin found some exemplars of Isoplexis canariensis, whose inflorescences were quite impressive. As we reached the cars we luckily met The Lost Ones again. So we took the cars and drove on the TF-134 in the direction of Taganana, because Mr. Lobin was looking for Monanthes anagae. We stopped after the tunnel that led to Taganana at 4:30 pm and scanned the high rock walls. But as there was no M. anagae to be found, Mr. Lobin decided to end the excursion day at this point. Thus the main part of the group drove back to Puerto, but stopped in Las Mercedes for a coffee in a small café. Everyone seemed very pleased with that. A minor group around Mr. Lobin went on hunting for M. anagae along the roads, but with little success. In the evening everyone met again for the debriefing in the hotel.

Table 19 | Species list of aurel forest excruion at El Pijaral. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae x Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium ciliatum (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium cuneatum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae xxx Aichryson pachycaulon Bolle Crassulaceae xx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae xx Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm. Lauraceae xxx Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. Araceae x Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae xx Asparagus fallax Svent. Asparagaceae xxx Asplenium hemioni s L. Aspleniaceae xxx Asplenium onopteris L. Aspleniaceae xx Asteriscus aqua cus (L.) Less. Asteraceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae x Bencomia caudata (Aiton) Webb & Berthel. Rosaceae x Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae xxx Bosea yervamora L. Amaranthaceae x Briza maxima L. Poaceae x Briza media L. Poaceae x Bryonia verrucosa Aiton Cucurbitaceae x 58 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. Apiaceae xx Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L‘Hér. Lamiaceae x Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae xxx Carex canariensis Kük. Cyperaceae xxx Carex divulsa Stokes Cyperaceae xxx Carex perraudieriana (Kük. ex Bornm.) Gay ex Kük. Cyperaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae x Cedronella canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae x Convolvulus canariensis L. Convolvulaceae xxx Crambe strigosa L‘Hér. Brassicaceae xx Crassula mul cava Lem. Crassulaceae x Crithmum mari mum L. Apiaceae x Cryptotaenia elegans Webb ex Bolle Apiaceae x Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xxx Diplazium caudatum Jermy Athyriaceae xxx Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae x Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae xx Dryopteris guanchica Gibby & Jermy Dryopteridaceae xxx Dryopteris oligodonta Pic.Serm. Dryopteridaceae xxx Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae x Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae x Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xxx Erica scoparia L. Ericaceae xx Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Rosaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae x Euphorbia mellifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Galium scabrum L. Rubiaceae xx Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. Orchidaceae xxx Geranium reuteri Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geraniaceae xxx Gesnouinia arborea (L.f.) Gaudich. Ur caceae xxx Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae x Gonospermum revolutum (C.Sm. ex Buch) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae x Heberdenia excelsa Banks ex Schult. Primulaceae xxx Hedera canariensis Willd. Araliaceae xxx Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. Hymenophyllaceae xxx Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae x Hypericum glandulosum Gilib. Hypericaceae xx Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae xxx Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae xxx Ilex perado ssp. platyphylla (Webb & Berthel.) Tu n Aquifoliaceae xxx Iris foe dissima L. Iridaceae x Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Plantaginaceae xx Ixanthus viscosus (Aiton) Griseb. Gen anaceae xxx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae x Laurobasidium lauri (Geyl.) Jülich Exobasidiaceae x Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al Lauraceae xxx Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Luzula canariensis Poir. Juncaceae xxx Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae xx Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae x Monantes anagensis Praeger Crassulaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae xxx D P 59

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae xxx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Baill. Lauraceae x Pericallis appendiculata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae xxx Pericallis tussilaginis (LHér.) D.Don Asteraceae xxx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae x Persea indica (L.) Spreng. Lauraceae xx Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae xxx Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC. Oleaceae xx Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae xx Pleiomeris canariensis (Willd.) A. DC. Primulaceae x Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae xx Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xxx Polys chum se ferum (Forssk.) Moore ex Woyn. Dryopteridaceae xxx Prunus lusitanica L. Rosaceae xxx Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaed aceae xxx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae xxx Ranunculus uliginosus Willd. Ranunculaceae x Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton Rhamnaceae xxx Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rubus bollei Focke Rosaceae xxx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xxx Sambucus palmensis Link Adoxaceae xxx Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariaceae xxx Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae xxx Semele androgyna (L.) Kunth Asparagaceae xxx Sideri s macrostachys Poir. Lamiaceae xxx Silene vulgaris ssp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae xx Smilax aspera L. Smilacaceae xxx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xx Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xxx Tolpis lagopoda C.Sm. ex Link Asteraceae x Vandenboschia radicans (Sw.) Copel. Hymenophyllaceae xx Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae xxx Vinca major L. Apocynaceae x Viola anagae Gilli Violaceae xxx Visnea mocanera L.f. Pentaphylacaceae xxx Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae x Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae xxx 60 D P

19.03.2016 — Anaga II: Mirador Pico del Inglés & Chamorga

Protocol by Daniela Aros & Vera Krieger

28.5699°N 16.1584°W; elev.: 476 m a.s.l. The last day with the rented vehicles we enjoyed another excursion to the Anaga Mountains with its winding roads and outstanding views over the laurel forest and the Atlantic Ocean. After leaving the hotel at 8:45 a.m. and on our way to Chamorga, we made a short stop at the viewpoint ‘Mirador Pico del Inglés’ (9:30 a.m.). There, we finally encountered the typical climate conditions for the laurel forest that had eluded us in our past trips: a misty, foggy and slightly windy weather, which filled us all (especially Mr. Lobin) with great thankfulness. As we went off the cars there was a ten meter visibility, but just some 20 minutes later, when we left the place, the visibility was about 30 meters showing us how quickly the weather conditions can change. We could observe some of the trees typical for the laurel forest: Pleiomeris canariensis, Laurus novocanariensis and Morella faya. After some more driving and some Impatiens sodenii, which could be seen next to the road on our way, we came to the small and quite old village of Chamorga, which is known to be also an old settling place for the Guanche people. Chamorga is situated at the northeastern part of the Anaga Mountains and the areas and vegetation surrounding the village is mainly characterized by agriculture. With only partially clouded and slightly windy weather it was the perfect conditions for a half easy half difficult hiking trail. Leaving Chamorga in the direction to Faro de Anaga, the firsts species of the degraded thermophilous forest could be observed, such as Teline canariensis, Jasminum odoratissimum, Rumex lunaria to name just a few. Of course also Opuntia ficus-indica as an introduced element, widespread in disturbed areas was present. On the trail to the montaña Tafada some flowering elements from the Fayal-Brezal, such as Rhamnus glandulosa, Ilex canariensis and Erica arborea could be observed as small trees. The lunch break at 12:40 pm, with a great view over the Barranco de Chamorga, brought as the discovery of Aeonium volkerii and a short discussion of the species name. The typical vegetation of the succulent bush, like Euphorbia balsamifera, Lavandula buchii and Agyranthemum lemsii accompanied our way down to the Faro de Anaga. As in 2004 we could not find some flowering Echium simplex. The lower the trail went, the sunnier the weather got, and also some typical elements from the coastal vegetation, as Frankenia ericifolia appeared. Really nice to observe were the Aeonium tabuliforme on the rocky walls of the barranco exposed to the south sea side. Because of the particular conditions presented in this area, being the steep cliffs and direct sun and wind exposure, the vegetation probably was never constituted by forest but always open. D P 61

A B C

D E F

G H I J

K L

Figure plate 11| Anaga: Mirador Pico del Inglés & Chamorga. A) Mirador Pico del Ingles; B) Sideri s macrostachys (Lamiac.); C) S. dendrochahorra; D) Galac tes tomentosa (Asterac.); E) Hypericum glandulosum (Hypericac.); F) Group near Chamorga; G) Aeonium lindleyi (Crassulac.); H) A. volkerii; I) A. tabuliforme & Silene lagunensis (Caryophyllac.); J) Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginac.); K) Coastal area near Chamorga; L) Dracaena draco (Asparagac.). Fotos: Daniela A. (H), Tianjun L. (A), Tim B. (B C D E F I J K L), W. Lobin (G). 62 D P

Part of the group reached the lowest point of the trail next to the beach of Roque Bermejo around 2:40 p.m. and some others needed more time to get there, mostly due to the sandy and slippery path next to the lighthouse. On the way up several exemplars of Dracaena draco were growing in the barranco, some of them planted and some bewildered. Again the group was separated with some students reaching Chamorga after one hour of walking up the trail and others around 4:20 p.m. The excursion day ended with a short visit to the old capital of Tenerife and World Heritage Site: San Cristóbal de la La Laguna. After finding out that there was no more to find out in the siesta sleepy city, all the cars turned back to Puerto de la Cruz and to the car rental station. Mr. Lobin summarized this hiking day of announced 7 km (the GPS track indicated 10 km) with the outstanding views and adventurous ascending and descending at the meeting with the words and a winking eye ‘the most important thing of that day is that we survived the long, steep way.’

Map 11 | Mirador Pico del Inglés & Chamorga. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the NW p of Tenerife with the hiking track from Chamorga down to the coas and back up Chamorga. D P 63

Table 20 | Species list of the stop at Mirador Pico del Ingles Species Family 2016 Erica arborea L. Ericaceae x Pleiomeris canariensis (Wild) A.DC. Primulaceae x Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al. Lauraceae x Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae x Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae x

Table 21 | Species list of the Chamorga tour. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae xx Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae x Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pteridaceae x Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium ciliatum (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium cuneatum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium simsii (Sweet) Stearn Crassulaceae x Aeonium smithii (Sims) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel Crassulaceae xx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium volkerii E.Hern. & Bañares Crassulaceae x Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae x Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Allium roseum L. Amaryllidaceae x Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae x Argyranthemum broussone i (Pers.) Humphries Asteraceae xx Argyranthemum lemsii Humphries Asteraceae xxx Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. Araceae xxx Aris da adscensionis L. Poaceae x Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae xx Arundo donax L. Poaceae x Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae x Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. Asphodelaceae x Asplenium hemioni s L. Aspleniaceae x Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xx Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae x Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae x Bryonia verrucosa Aiton Cucurbitaceae xxx Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. Apiaceae x Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. Asteraceae x Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Plantaginaceae x Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae xxx Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae xx Carex divulsa Stokes Cyperaceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xx Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae xx Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Ceterach aurea (Cav.) Buch Aspleniaceae x Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae xx Convolvulus siculus L. Convolvulaceae x Crithmum mari mum L. Apiaceae x Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae xx Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae xxx Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xx Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae xx 64 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Poaceae x Dorycnium sp. Fabaceae x Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae xx Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae xxx Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae x Drusa glandulosa (Poir.) H.Wolff ex Engl. Apiaceae x Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague & Hutch. Boraginaceae xxx Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae xx Echium simplex DC. Boraginaceae xxx Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae xx Eragros s curvula (Schrad.) Nees Poaceae x Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xx Erica scoparia L. Ericaceae x Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Ferula communis subsp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae xx Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae xx Frankenia ericifolia C. Sm. Ex DC. Frankeniaceae x Fumaria coccinea R.T.Lowe ex Pugsley Papaveraceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Geranium reuteri Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geraniaceae x Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae x Gonospermum revolutum (C.Sm. ex Buch) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xx Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae xx Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae x Hypericum calycinum L. Hypericaceae x Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae xx Hypericum glandulosum Gilib. Hypericaceae xxx Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae xx Impa ens sodenii Engl. & Warb. Balsaminaceae x Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Plantaginaceae xxx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xx Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae xx Juncus bufonius L. Juncaceae xx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae xx Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart.et al. Lauraceae xx Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae xx Lavandula minutolii Bolle Lamiaceae x Limonium macrophyllum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xxx Linum strictum L. Linaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L.Borgen Brassicaceae x Lotus dumetorum R.P.Murray Fabaceae xx Malva canariensis M.F.Ray Malvaceae x Medicago sp. Fabaceae x Melica teneriff ae Hack. ex Christ Poaceae x Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae xx Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xx Monanthes anagensis Praeger Crassulaceae x Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae xx Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae xx Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae x Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae x Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x D P 65

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae xx Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae xx Pericallis tussilaginis (L'Hér.) D.Don Asteraceae xxx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xx Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. Asteraceae x Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae x Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae xx Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P.Beauv., Ess. Poaceae x Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae xx Pleiomeris canariensis (Willd.) A. DC. Primulaceae x Polycarpaea la folia Poir. Caryophyllaceae xx Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xx Prunus lusitanica L. Rosaceae x Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae x Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton Rhamnaceae xx Romulea columnae ssp. grandiscapa (Webb) G. Kunkel Iridaceae xx Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rumex bucephalophorus L. Polygonaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xx Salix pedicellata subsp. canariensis (C.Sm.) A.K.Skvortsov Salicaceae x Salsola sp. Amaranthaceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariaceae x Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae x Sideri s dendrochahorra Bolle Lamiaceae xxx Sideri s macrostachys Poir. Lamiaceae xxx Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae x Silene lagunensis C.Sm. ex Link Caryophyllaceae xx Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Caryophyllaceae x Solanum americanum Mill. Solanaceae x Solanum vesper lio Aiton Solanaceae xxx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xx Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae x Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae xxx Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. Lamiaceae xx Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xxx Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. Lamiaceae x Todaroa aurea (Sol.) Parl. Apiaceae xx Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae xx Vicia cirrhosa Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae xx 66 D P

20.03.2016 — Los Silos to Erjos

Protocol by Philipp Gerke & Johannes Krassmann Start in Los Silos: N 28.3645°N 16.8168°W; elev. 116 m a.s.l. Finish in Erjos: N 28.3278° W 16.8047°; elev. 1047 m a.s.l. After we left the bus in Los Silos at 09:35 we directly walked in the direction to Erjos to challenge our total hiking distance of more than 9 km with an elevational range of 900 m. The aim today was to observe the transition from disturbed succulent bush vegetation inhabited by a lot of Mediterranean species and a few trees of open dry sides, followed by a thermophile zone and finally let us end up in a dense laurel forest with many tree species and lauroid plants in Erjos. The occurrence of Nicotiana glauca and Passiflora sp. reflects the anthropogenic influence in Los Silos, because many former garden plants now grow next to the natural vegetation. Moreover, grasses like Arundo donax, Lamarckia aurea or Stipa capensis were able to deal with the irradiation here in this partially cleared habitat.

Map 12 | Los Silos to Erjos. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the hiking track from Los Silos ca. 900 meter up to Erjos. D P 67

A B C D

E F

G H I J

K L M

Figure plate 12 | Los Silos to Erjos. A) Star ng point in Los Silos; B) Aeonium tabuliforme (Crassulac.); C) Parentucellia viscosa (Orobanchac.); D) Ceterach aurea (Aspleniac.); E) Panorama along the way from Los Silos to Erjos; F) Aichryson parlatorei (Crassulac.); G) Sideri s cre ca (Lamiac.); H) Echium giganteum (Boraginac.); I) E. virescens; J) Euphorbia lamarckii (Euphorbiac.) K) Cy nus hypocis s (Cy nac); L) Visnea mocanera (Pentaphylacac.); M) Cafe in Erjos and Tim making fun. Fotos: Johannes K. (A B M), Tim B. (D E I K L), W. Lobin (C F G H J). 68 D P

This also gave us the chance to take pictures of the endemic gecko Tarentola delalandii (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) that enjoyed the sun nearby the pretty yellow flowering Crassulaceae Aichryson parlatorei. After 2 hours we already walked up 470 meters of elevation and took a small water break next to stony ruins. While moving on, the vegetation changed step by step and in the transition from thermophile to laurel forest we decided to take our lunch break surrounded by Visnea mocanera, Morella faya, Ilex canariensis, Picconia excelsa, Erica arborea, Arbutus canariensis, Heberdenia excelsa, and Rhamnus crenulata. “What you get is what you see” was probably on the dog’s mind when it tried to eat my sandwich in my lunchbox on the ground in front of me. Although its owner shouted at the little dog, we still adored our cute friend. Boosted by our meal, the dog left and so did we. Coming closer to the laurel forest with a higher number of trees, mosses and ferns, we still had to walk 6 kilometers after our short lunch break. In the laurel forest several tree species as Persea indica, Laurus novocanariensis, Apollonias burbujana, Pleiomeris canariensis, Ilex canariensis, Morella faya, Erica arborea and Viburnum tinus ssp. rigidum gave us shelter from the rain that surprised us during our walk. The ground and some walls were covered by ferns like Asplenium onopteris, Dryopteris oligodonta or Ceterach aurea. As soon as we reached the Plaza de Erjos, we all met in a café with fantastic “ofertas”, delicious “dulces” and refreshing “bebidas”. On our way back to the hotel by bus again, we took a stop at “Mirador de Garachico” to have a look at the impressing view above the city of Garachico with its amazing streams of old lava, that covered big parts of the historical important port in the northwest of the Canary Islands during the 17th century. Moreover, we also could see the city’s emblem; the Roque de Garachico located offshore the coast as a “Monumento Natural”. At 17:25 we then finally arrived at the hotel, where we had our daily meeting at 6pm.

Table 22 | Species list of the succulent bush vegeta on Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae xxx Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Agave americana L. Asparagaceae x Agave sp. Asparagaceae x Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae xxx Aichryson parlatorei Bolle Crassulaceae xx Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Asphodelaceae x Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae x Arundo donax L. Poaceae xx Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae xxx Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. Amaranthaceae x Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae xx Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xxx Brachypodium sylva cum (Huds.) P.Beauv. Poaceae x Calendula sp. Asteraceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xxx D P 69

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Casimiroa edulis La Llave Rutaceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xxx Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae xxx Convolvulus siculus L. Convolvulaceae x Cynoglossum cre cum Mill. Boraginaceae x Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xxx Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae xxx Di richia viscosa (L.) Greuter Asteraceae xxx Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae xxx Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae xx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xxx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Ficus carica L. Moraceae x Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae xxx Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae xxx Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae xxx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xxx Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xxx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae xx Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xxx Misopates oron um (L.) Raf. Plantaginaceae x Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae xxx Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae xx Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xx Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae xx Parietaria fi lamentosa Webb & Berthel. Ur caceae x Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae xxx Passifl ora sp. Passifl oraceae xxx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xxx Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae xxx Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae xx Plantago lagopus L. Plantaginaceae x Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xxx Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaed aceae x Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae xx Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xxx Scorpiurus muricatus L. Fabaceae x Sideri s cre ca L. Lamiaceae xxx Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae xxx Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae xxx S pa capensis Thunb. Poaceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xxx Tournefor a candidula (Miers.) I.M.Johnst Boraginaceae x Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xxx Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae xxx 70 D P

Table 23 | Species list of the thermophil forest vegeta on. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Agave americana L. Asparagaceae x Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae xxx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae xx Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Ericaceae xxx Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae xxx Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae x Asphodelus ramosus L. Asphodelaceae xx Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xxx Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae xxx Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xxx Cistus symphy folius Lam. Cistaceae xxx Cynosurus echinatus L. Poaceae x Dactylis glomerata L. Poaceae x Dicheranthus plocamoides Webb Caryophyllaceae xx Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae xxx Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae xx Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae x Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae xx Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae x Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xxx Erysimum bicolor (Hornem.) DC. Brassicaceae xxx Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae xx Filago gallica (L.) L. Asteraceae x Filago pyramidata L. Asteraceae x Gladiolus italicus Mill. Iridaceae x Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae xx Himantoglossum metlesicsianum (W.P.Teschner) P.Delforge Orchidaceae x Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae xxx Hypericum glandulosum Gilib. Hypericaceae xxx Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae xxx Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae xxx Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae xx Ilex perado ssp. platyphylla (Webb & Berthel.) Tu n Aquifoliaceae x Jus cia hyssopifolia L. Acanthaceae xx Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae x Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae xx Lavandula pinnata Lundmark Lamiaceae x Linum bienne Mill. Linaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Lolium canariense Steud. Poaceae xx Luzula elegans Lowe Juncaceae x Marcetella moquiniana (Webb & Berthel.) Svent. Rosaceae xxx Melica canariensis W.Hempel Poaceae x Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae xx Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae xx Monanthes polyphylla (Aiton) Haw. Crassulaceae xxx Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae xxx Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xx D P 71

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae xxx Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel Orobanchaceae x Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Poaceae x Pericallis echinata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae xxx Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. Asteraceae x Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae xxx Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae x Romulea columnae Sebast. & Mauri Iridaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xx Rubus ulmifolius Scho Rosaceae xx Scorpiurus vermiculatus L. Fabaceae x Sedum rubens L. Crassulaceae x Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae xx Silene vulgaris ssp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae xx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae xx Tamus edulis Lowe Dioscoreaceae xxx Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xxx Tuberaria gu ata (L.) Fourr. Cistaceae xx Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae xx Visnea mocanera L.f. Pentaphylacaceae xx Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x

Table 24 | Species list of the laurel forest vegeta on. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adiantum reniforme L. Pteridaceae xxx Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb & Berthel Crassulaceae x Aeonium cuneatum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae xxx Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm. Lauraceae xxx Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Ericaceae xxx Argyranthemum adauctum (Link) Humphries Asteraceae xx Argyranthemum broussone i (Pers.) Humphries Asteraceae x Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) Humphries Asteraceae x Asplenium onopteris L. Aspleniaceae xxx Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L'Hér. Lamiaceae xxx Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae xxx Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x Carex canariensis Kük. Cyperaceae xx Carex divulsa Stokes Cyperaceae xx Casuarina equise folia L. Casuarinaceae x Cedronella canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae xxx Centaurea melitensis L L. Asteraceae x Ceterach aurea (Cav.) Buch Aspleniaceae xxx Cheilanthes sp. Pteridaceae x Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae xx Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace Lamiaceae xx Convolvulus canariensis L. Convolvulaceae xx Crambe scaberrima Webb ex Bramwell Brassicaceae xx Crambe strigosa L'Hér. Brassicaceae xx Cynoglossum cre cum Mill. Boraginaceae xxx Cy nus hypocis s (L.) L. Cy naceae xx Cy sus proliferus L.f. Fabaceae xx 72 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae xx Drusa glandulosa (Poir.) H.Wolff ex Engl. Apiaceae xx Dryopteris oligodonta Pic.Serm. Dryopteridaceae xx Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae xx Erica arborea L. Ericaceae xxx Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae xxx Fumaria sp. Papaveraceae x Galium scabrum L. Rubiaceae xxx Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. Orchidaceae x Geranium reuteri Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geraniaceae xxx Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae xx Heberdenia excelsa Banks ex Schult. Primulaceae x Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae x Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae x Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae xx Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae xxx Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Plantaginaceae xxx Ixanthus viscosus (Aiton) Griseb. Gen anaceae xxx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae x Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al. Lauraceae xxx Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. Juncaceae x Melica teneriff ae Hack. ex. Christ Poaceae x Myoso s discolor Pers. Boraginaceae x Myoso s la folia Poir. Boraginaceae xx Myoso s sp. Boraginaceae x Olea europaea ssp. cerasiformis G.Kunkel & Sunding Oleaceae x Orobanche sp. Orobanchaceae xxx Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae x Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae xxx Pericallis appendiculata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae xxx Pericallis cruenta (L'Hér.) Bolle Asteraceae xx Persea indica (L.) Spreng. Lauraceae xxx Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.W.Ball & Heywood Caryophyllaceae xx Phalaris coerulescens Desf. Poaceae x Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae x Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae x Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC. Oleaceae xx Pinus radiata D.Don Pinaceae x Pisum sa vum L. Fabaceae x Pleiomeris canariensis (Willd.) A. DC. Primulaceae xxx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae xxx Ranunculus parvifl orus L. Ranunculaceae x Rumex maderensis Lowe Polygonaceae xxx Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x Scorpiurus muricatus L. Fabaceae x Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariaceae x Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae xx Semele androgyna (L.) Kunth Asparagaceae xxx Sideri s canariensis L. Lamiaceae xx Sideri s dendrochahorra Bolle Lamiaceae x Smilax aspera L. Smilacaceae xx Smilax canariensis Willd. Smilacaceae x Solanum americanum Mill. Solanaceae x Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae xx Ulex europaeus L. Fabaceae xxx D P 73

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae xxx Vicia scandens R.P.Murray Fabaceae xxx Viola odorata L. Violaceae x Visnea mocanera L.f. Pentaphylacaceae xxx Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae x 74 D P

21.03.2016 — Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada

Protocol by Julia Walter & Tianjun Liu Start in Punta del Hidalgo: 28.5707°N 16.3182°W; elev. 119 m a.s.l. Finish in Chinamada: 28.5619° 16.2909°W; elev. 448 m a.s.l. Anaga was once again our destination today. We planned a 5.3 km long hike in the northwest of this area to see different vegetation zones from sea shore to the peak. It was sunny in the morning. We met at 08:30 outside the hotel as usual, but the bus driver didn’t show up until 9 am. After a short nap, we arrived at Punta del Hidalgo (elevation: ca. 100 m) at 10:05, and saw Casuarina equisetifolia on the roadside immediately after getting off, which resembled a pine tree and tried to trick us. Mr. Lobin showed us the two peaks in front of us Dos Hermanos, and gave us an introduction of the day. Then, we headed down to the beach to see the coastal flora. At 10:51 am we climbed up (elevation: ca. 20 m). The first vegetation zone was succulent bushes. Soon we realized that the topic-of-the-day was grass, because grasses with different leaf forms or inflorescences were everywhere along the journey, especially for those from Poaceae.

Map 13 | From Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada. A) Overview map of Tenerife. B) Overview map of the hiking track from Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada. D P 75

A B

C D E F

G H

I J K

Figure plate 13 | Punta del Hidalgo to Chinamada. A) Panoramic view on the area above Hidalgo; B) Teucrium heterophyllum (Lamiac.); C) Plantago arborescens (Plantaginac.); D) Periploca laevigata (Apocynac.); E) Cyperus rubicundus (Cyperac.); F) & G) Echium simplex (Boraginac.); H) Unforge able lunch break with wonderful rain view; I) Rock forma ons along the path; J) Gallo a eisentrau i (Canarian lizards); K) Hypericum refl exum (Hypericac.). Fotos: Mahsa N. (J), S. Abrahamczyk (H), Tianjun L. (F), Tim B. (A D E G I), W. Lobin (B C K). 76 D P

Later, we saw Dracaena draco far away on another mountain. Then, the thermophilous elements started from here, with Allagopappus canariensis, Echium giganteum, Sideritis dendro-chahorra, etc.. At 12:07 pm, we reached a cliff with a sea view (elevation: ca. 220 m), which is called Mirador. Two pretty Canarian lizards (Gallotia eisentrautii) friendly provided us with lots of photos. There was a large rock and dozens of plants grew on the side facing the sea, including Aeonium tabuliforme, Echium simplex as well as the very rare Argyranthemum coronopifolium, which was very impressive and the highlight of the day for most of the group. Half of us stopped at a one-eyed-skull-like rock 15 minutes later to feed themselves, and the rest kept walking for 30 minutes until it started to rain. So we hid ourselves under natural shelters and had a short lunch break. All of us set off at around 1 pm. More grass species like Briza maxima and B. media waved their inflorescences to us on the way. On the opposite site of the valley, we saw the Roque Chinamada, an area that Cistus chinamadensis is endemic to. After passing a path surrounded by Opuntia sp., we reached Chinamada at 13:50 pm. Unfortunately, there was no café nearby. And since our bus was already waiting there, we went back to Puerto de la Cruz directly and wandered around in the city.

Table 25 | Species list of coastal vegeta on in Punta de Hidalgo.

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Acacia sp. Fabaceae x Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae xx Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Agave americana L. Asparagaceae x Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae xxx Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Asphodelaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xxx Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae xxx Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae xx Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xxx Atriplex glauca ssp. ifniensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart. & al. Amaranthaceae xx Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae x Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xx Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. Aizoaceae x Casuarina equise folia L. Casuarinaceae x Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae xx Chenopodium murale L. Amaranthaceae x Crithmum mari mum L. Apiaceae x Cyperus involucratus Ro b. Cyperaceae x Drusa glandulosa (Poir.) H.Wolff ex Engl. Apiaceae x Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae x Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia terracina L. Euphorbiaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae xx Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xxx Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae xx Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae xx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae xxx Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x D P 77

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae xx Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae xxx Lotus tenellus (Lowe) Sandral, A.Santos & D.D.Sokoloff Fabaceae x Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae x Marcetella moquiniana (Webb & Berthel.) Svent. Rosaceae x Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae xxx Mesembryanthemum nodifl orum L. Aizoaceae xx Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae xxx Opun a cylindrica (Lam.) DC. Cactaceae x Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae x Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae xx Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco et al. Amaranthaceae xxx Pennisetum orientale Rich. Poaceae xx Pericallis tussilaginis (L'Hér.) D.Don Asteraceae xx Periploca laevigata Aiton Apocynaceae xxx Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae x Plantago aschersonii Bolle Plantaginaceae x Plantago lagopus L. Plantaginaceae xx Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae xx Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae xx Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae xxx Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae xxx Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae xxx Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae xx Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xx Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Asteraceae x Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae xx Sonchus sp. Asteraceae x S pa capensis Thunb. Poaceae x Tamarix canariensis Willd. Tamaricaceae xx Tamarix sp. Tamaricaceae x

Table 26 | Species list of the succulent vegeta on in the Barranaco Chinamada above Hidalgo. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Z.Liu Crassulaceae x Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xxx Aeonium volkeri E. Hern. & Bañares Crassulaceae x Agave americana L. Asparagaceae xx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae xx Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae xx Andryala pinna fi da Aiton Asteraceae x Aris da adscensionis L. Poaceae xx Arum italicum Mill. Araceae x Arundo donax L. Poaceae xx Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae xx Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. Asphodelaceae xx Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae xx Bryonia verrucosa Aiton Cucurbitaceae xx Bystropogon sp. Lamiaceae xx Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae x Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x 78 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae x Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae xxx Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae xxx Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae x Cyperus rubicundus Willd. ex Link Cyperaceae xxx Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae xx Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae x Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae xx Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague & Hutch. Boraginaceae x Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae xxx Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae x Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae xxx Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae x Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf Poaceae x Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae xx Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae xx Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae xx Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae x Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae x Malva neglecta Wallr. Malvaceae x Marcetella moquiniana (Webb & Berthel.) Svent. Rosaceae x Medicago sp. Fabaceae x Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae xxx Micromeria sp. Lamiaceae x Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae xx Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae x Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae x Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae xx Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae xxx Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae xx Pennisetum orientale Rich. Poaceae x Pericallis tussilaginis (L'Hér.) D.Don Asteraceae x Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae x Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae x Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae xx Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae xxx Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae xx Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae x Rumex bucephalophorus L. Polygonaceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x Sideri s dendrochahorra Bolle Lamiaceae xx Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae xx Smilax aspera L. Smilacaceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae xxx Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Spergula arvensis L. Caryophyllaceae x Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Poaceae xx Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Lamiaceae x Tamus edulis Lowe Dioscoreaceae xx Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. Lamiaceae xx Tricholaena teneriff ae (L.f.) Link Poaceae xxx Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae xxx D P 79

Table 27 | Species list of the main view point (Mirador) along the Barranaco Chinamada path. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) Humphries Asteraceae xxx Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae x Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae x Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae xxx Di richia viscosa (L.) Greuter Asteraceae xx Echium simplex DC. Boraginaceae xxx Euphorbia canariensis L. Euphorbiaceae x Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae x Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae x Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco et al. Amaranthaceae x Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae x Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae x S pa capensis Thunb. Poaceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Tricholaena teneriff ae (L.f.) Link Poaceae x

Table 28 | Species list from the Mirador along the path above des Barranco Chinamada. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Adiantum reniforme L. Pteridaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Asphodelus aes vus Brot. Asphodelaceae x Athamanta cervariifolia Schrad. ex Spreng. Apiaceae x Briza maxima L. Poaceae xx Briza media L. Poaceae xx Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L'Hér. Lamiaceae x Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae x Cheilanthes catanensis (Cosent.) H.P.Fuchs Pteridaceae x Chenopodium urbicum L. Amaranthaceae x Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae xx Daucus carota ssp. maximus (Desf.) Ball Apiaceae x Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae x Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae x Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague & Hutch. Boraginaceae x Echium simplex DC. Boraginaceae x Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae x Filago pyramidata L. Asteraceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae x Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae x Kleinia neriifolia Haw. Asteraceae x Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae x Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae x Limonium macrophyllum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae x Monanthes anagensis Praeger Crassulaceae x Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae x Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel Orobanchaceae x Pericallis tussilaginis (L'Hér.) D.Don Asteraceae xxx Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae x Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae x Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae xx Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae x 80 D P

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae x Rubus ulmifolius Scho Rosaceae x Sideri s macrostachys Poir. Lamiaceae x Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae x Sonchus acaulis Dum.Cours. Asteraceae x Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae x Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae xxx Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. Lamiaceae x Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae x Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. Lamiaceae xx Trifolium campestre Schreb. Fabaceae x Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae x

Table 29 | Species list of the thermophil forest in the Barranco Chinamada. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae x Cistus chinamadensis Bañares & P.Romero Cistaceae xx Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Z.Liu Crassulaceae x Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae xx Allagopappus canariensis (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae x Carlina salicifolia (L.f.) Cav. Asteraceae xx Ceterach aurea (Cav.) Buch Aspleniaceae x Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae x Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae xx Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae xxx Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae x Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae xx Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae xx Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae xx Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae x Hypericum glandulosum Gilib. Hypericaceae x Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae x Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lotus sp. Fabaceae x Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae xx Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae x Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae xx Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae xx Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae xxx Romulea columnae Sebast. & Mauri Iridaceae x Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae x Sideri s dendrochahorra Bolle Lamiaceae xx Solanum vesper lio Aiton Solanaceae xx D P 81

22.03.2016 — Jardín botánico and flower ecology

Protocol by Konstantin Neumann & Stella Eggels

Botanic Garden / Jardín botaníco de acclimatacion After a half hour way of bus-driving and walking we arrived at the botanic garden in Puerto de la Cruz known as the „Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava“ or simply “El botaníco” at 9:05 am. It was created in the end of the 18th century initially for the acclimatization of tropical plants and was expanded more and more under changing administrations until it fell under the responsibility of the Canarian State Institution for Agricultural Investigations1. The 20,000 m² big area of the garden is now planned to be extended to 40,000 m². The director of the garden Alfredo Reyes Betancort gave us a guided tour through the not public part of the botanic garden. First we got to see the research facility that is shared with the CCBAT (Centro de Conservacion de la Biodiversidad Agrícola de Tenerife). Here, research regarding the Canarian biodiversity and endemic species takes place, however, no molecular laboratories were in use at that moment, due to severe financial cuttings. In that building we were shown the seed bank of the Cabildos, the local authorities, which contains seeds of all crops and potato tubers with agricultural use on the Canary Islands to save the diversity of the varieties. Furthermore, the garden has its own seed bank and a herbarium with about 47,000 specimens that was started in 1943 and therefore is the oldest one of the Canary Islands. It contains mostly plants of the Canary Islands but also some important species from e.g. other parts of Macaronesia or southern Africa. Some members of our excursion were stunned by the size of the saves, in which the herbarium sheets were kept. Then, we went to see the greenhouse and nursery, where seeds are germinated and also plants with special environmental needs are kept until they recover because the conditions are more favorable there. When the seedlings have reached a certain size they are transferred to another house that we had a look in. Also in this not public area we were shown Sideroxylon canariensis2, a species endemic to the Canary Islands, which we had not found before in nature. Additionally, Alfredo showed us different species of Argyranthemum (A. broussonetii, A. frutescens, A. sundingii), which in collaboration are being analyzed regarding hybridization. Afterwards, we got to spend half an hour separately in the public botanic garden itself. The predominant family in the garden was the Bromeliaceae and also different palm tree species were abundant.

1 Here Arnoldo Santos worked un l his re rement in 2015. 2 Described among others by W. Lobin & A. Santos (Lobin et al. 2005). 82 D P

A B C

D E

F G

Figure plate 14 | City excurion in Puerto de la Cruz. A) Bee on Lavendula canariensis (Lamiac.); B) Spider on Argyranthemum frutescens (Asterac.); C) Ficus macrophylla (Morac.) in the botanic garden; D) Bosea yervamora (Amaranthac.); E) Brugmansia versicolor (Solanac.); F) Bumblebee on Lavendula canariensis (Lamiac.); G) Students at fi eldwork on Argyranthemum frutescens (Asterac.). Fotos: Daniela A. (B), Mahsa N. (E), Saskia S. (A C F), S. Abrahamczyk (G), Tim B. (D).

Some species that especially stood out were the giant Ficus macrophylla ssp. columnaris, Brugmansia mollis, Kigelia africana and Erythrina corallodendron. Therefore, the focus of the planted plants was not necessary on the endemic or native species of the Canary Islands but also on generally in e.g. growth outstanding plants of very different origin. In the debriefing Mr. Lobin noted that the garden did not change significantly since his first visits some decades ago. A major problem is that the garden is a governmental facility and so the money from the entrance fee goes to the government of the Canary Islands. To improve and expand the garden it would be useful for the garden to D P 83 do more advertising and collaborations with other touristic attractions like the Loro Parque to attract more visitors and generate more income. This money could also be used for special recovery programs for endangered endemics and for research. At 11:10 am we left the botanic garden and walked towards the Bollullo bay. After a lunch break near the bay, we continued our walk to our destination and found as ruderal vegetation at the roadside Nicotiana paniculata, a hawk moth pollinated Solanaceae, Schinus molle, Datura innoxia, the South American neophyte Salpichroa origanifolia and the shrubby endemic Amaranthaceae Bosea yervamora.

Flower ecology in the Bollullo Bay 28.4164°N 16.5226°; elev.: 31 m a.s.l. After we arrived near the Bollullo Bay at 12:30 pm we split into four groups to conduct flower ecology investigations of the four species Argyranthemum frutescens, Lavandula canariensis, Euphorbia lamarckii and Withania aristata. One plant of each was watered and covered with fabric for one hour to enhance nectar production and keep the nectar from being taken by pollinators. Then, the nectar of several flowers (Number of flowers was noted) was collected with a 1 μl capillary and then transferred to a refractometer to measure the concentration. While the one plant was covered we started with the observation of pollinators of a plant of the same species nearby. For a time span of 30 min to 1h 45 the number and species of pollinators as well as the number of flowers each of them visited was noted. Some of the pollinators were caught with a net and put into a plastic container for a short time period to have a closer look and get a better idea of their size.

Table 30 | Results of the pollinator observa ons and nectar measurement.

Pollinators Nectar visited fl owers per mean volume mean sugar con- species number animal [mean] per fl ower [μl] centra on [%] Lavandula canariensis bee 33 7,8 0,13 32 (observed for 1h 45 min) bumblebee 4 16,75 (n=1) fl ower fl y 1 1

Withania aristata bee 6 3 0,54 44,75 (observed for 1h 05min) (n=4)

Argyranthemum fl y (4 diff . kinds) 8 2,1 - - frutescens spider 2 1,5 (observed for 1h35) beetle 1 1

Euphorbia lamarckii green fl y 2 1 - - (observed for 30 min) transparent fl y 7 1 big fl y 7 1 yellow fl y 1 1 black bug 4 1 black wasp 1 1 bee 1 15 84 D P

The results of the pollinator observation as well as the nectar measurement are listed in the following table. Flowers of Lavandula and Withania seemed to be more specialized than the other two species as they were primarily pollinated by one species, namely honey bees (Apis mellifera). In addition for Lavandula some bumblebee and a flower fly were observed and it was generally visited more frequently. Euphorbia lamarckii and Argyranthemum frustescens on the other hand were mostly visited by four different kinds of flies each. Euphorbia was additionally pollinated by a black bug, black wasp and a bee and Argyranthemum by two spiders and a beetle. These two latter species furthermore differed from the first two mentioned ones in their amount of nectar. This was so little here that it was not possible to measure its concentration. For Lavandula one nectar measurement was done, which resulted in an average nectar amount per flower of 1.3 μl and a sugar concentration of 32 %. Flowers of Withania had more nectar (0.54 μl) with a higher sugar concentration of 45 %. In general flower ecological investigations like this can be used to compare environments, regions, gradients, to gain information about the ecology and for conservation strategies, however in this case for such conclusions more information on the environment would be needed. We ended our program that day at about 2:30 pm.

Table 31 | Species list of the Bullollo Bay. Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Aeonium arboreum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae x Aeonium tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae xx Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. & Drude Arecaceae x Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae xx Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae x Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae xx Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae xx Bauhinia variegata L. Fabaceae x Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae x Bosea yervamora L. Amaranthaceae x Bromus diandrus Roth Poaceae x Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. Asteraceae xx Crithmum mari mum L. Apiaceae xx Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae x Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae x Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae x Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae x Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet Euphorbiaceae xx Euphorbia rucalli L. Euphorbiaceae x Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae x Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae xx Lavandula canariensis (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae x Lavandula mul fi da L. Lamiaceae x Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae x Monanthes sp. Crassulaceae x Nico ana glauca Graham Solanaceae x Nico ana paniculata L. Solanaceae x Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae x Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.Williams Amaranthaceae x D P 85

Species Family 2004 2008 2016 Pennisetum orientale Rich. Poaceae x Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae x Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae x Rumex lunaria L. Polygonaceae x Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. Solanaceae xx Salsola sp. Amaranthaceae x Schinus molle L. Anacardiaceae x Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae x Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae x Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Poaceae x Tamarix sp. Tamaricaceae xx Volutaria canariensis Wagenitz Asteraceae x Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae xxx 86 A

3 Appendix

Species list of all plant taxa recorded during the 2016 excursion

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 1 Acacia sp. Fabaceae 25 2 Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae 15/21/22/25 4 Acokanthera oblongifolia (Hochst.) Benth. et al. Apocynaceae 1 5 Adenocarpus complicatus ssp. aureus (Cav.) C.Vicioso Fabaceae 11 6 Adenocarpus foliolosus (Aiton) DC. Fabaceae 11 / 15 / 7 Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae 16 / 22 8 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pteridaceae 1 / 18 / 21 9 Adiantum reniforme L. Pteridaceae 15 / 24 10 Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H.Y.Liu Crassulaceae 9 / 15 11 Aeonium aureum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) T.H.M.Mes Crassulaceae 11 12 Aeonium canariense (L.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 21 13 Aeonium ciliatum (Willd.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 19 14 Aeonium cuneatum Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 19 5 / 7 / 8 / 18 Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 15 Aeonium haworthii 21 / 22 / 23 / 24 16 Aeonium lindleyi Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 21 / 25 17 Aeonium pseudourbicum Bañares Crassulaceae 9 18 Aeonium sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pit. & Proust. Crassulaceae 3 19 Aeonium smithii (Sims) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 16 20 Aeonium spathulatum (Hornem.) Praeger Crassulaceae 9 / 11 3 / 4 / 7 / 8 / 18 (Haw.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 21 Aeonium tabuliforme 21 / 22 / 26 / 27 / 28 22 Aeonium urbicum (C.Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb & Berthel. Crassulaceae 3 / 7 / 19 / 22 / 23 / 24 / 26 23 Aeonium volkeri E. Hern. & Bañares Crassulaceae 21 / 26 24 Agave americana L. Asparagaceae 1 / 7 / 18 / 22 / 23 / 26 25 Agave sp. Asparagaceae 22 26 Agera na adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Asteraceae 18 / 22 / 23 27 Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell Crassulaceae 11 / 15 / 18 / 19 / 24 28 Aichryson pachycaulon Bolle Crassulaceae 19 29 Aichryson parlatorei Bolle Crassulaceae 22 30 Aizoon canariense L. Aizoaceae 2 / 13 / 17 / 25 11 / 14 / 18 / (Willd.) Greuter Asteraceae 31 Allagopappus canariensis 19 / 21 / 23 / 29 32 Allium roseum L. Amaryllidaceae 21 33 Alocasia sp. Araceae 1 34 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Xanthorrhoeac. 1 35 Alpinia sp. Zingiberaceae 1 36 Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Amaranthaceae 1 37 Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae 14 / 15 / 22 / 26 38 Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link Pteridaceae 11 39 Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) Bornm. Lauraceae 19 / 24 40 Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Hook. Araucariaceae 1 41 Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Araucariaceae 10 42 Arbutus canariensis Duhamel Ericaceae 11 / 15 / 23 / 24 43 Argyranthemum adauctum (Link) Humphries Asteraceae 24 44 Argyranthemum broussone i (Pers.) Humphries Asteraceae 11 / 21 45 Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) Humphries Asteraceae 24 / 27 46 Argyranthemum foeniculum (Willd.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 8 47 Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 1 / 2 / 5 / 17 / 25 / 30 48 Argyranthemum gracile Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 15 49 Argyranthemum lemsii Humphries Asteraceae 21 50 Argyranthemum maderense (D.Don) Humphries Asteraceae 1 51 Argyranthemum tenerifae Humphries Asteraceae 16 52 Argyranthemum vincen i Santos & Feria Asteraceae 15 53 Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. Araceae 21 A 87

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 54 Aris da adscensionis L. Poaceae 14 / 21 / 26 55 Arrhenatherum calderae A.Hansen Poaceae 16 56 Artemisia thuscula Cav. Asteraceae 7 / 15 / 18 / 19 / 21 / 23 / 25 57 Arundo donax L. Poaceae 4 / 21 / 22 / 26 58 Asparagus arborescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Asparagaceae 14 59 Asparagus fallax Svent. Asparagaceae 19 60 Asparagus plocamoides Webb ex Svent. Asparagaceae 9 61 Asparagus scoparius Lowe Asparagaceae 18 / 22 62 Asparagus umbellatus Link Asparagaceae 3 / 25 / 26 63 Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. Xanthorrhoeac. 3 / 9 / 26 64 Asphodelus ramosus L. Xanthorrhoeac. 23 65 Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. Xanthorrhoeac. 5 / 21 66 Asplenium hemioni s L. Aspleniaceae 19 / 21 67 Asplenium onopteris L. Aspleniaceae 11 / 19 / 24 68 Asplenium trichomanes L. Aspleniaceae 11 69 Asteriscus aqua cus (L.) Less. Asteraceae 2 70 Astydamia la folia (L.f.) Baill. Apiaceae 2 / 3 / 6 / 13 / 17 / 21 / 25 71 Atriplex glauca ssp. ifniensis (Caball.) Rivas Mart. & al. Amaranthaceae 2 / 6 72 Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. Amaranthaceae 17 / 22 73 Bauhinia variegata L. Fabaceae 1 74 Bencomia caudata (Aiton) Webb & Berthel. Rosaceae 15 / 19 75 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae 21 / 22 / 25 76 Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.S rt. Fabaceae 3 / 7 / 15 / 21 / 22 / 23 / 25 77 Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae 19 78 Bosea yervamora L. Amaranthaceae 30 79 Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Nyctaginaceae 1 80 Bougainvillea sp. Nyctaginaceae 1 81 Briza maxima L. Poaceae 19 / 28 82 Briza media L. Poaceae 19 / 28 83 Bryonia verrucosa Aiton Cucurbitaceae 21 84 Bupleurum salicifolium R.Br. Apiaceae 15 85 Bystropogon canariensis (L.) L'Hér. Lamiaceae 11 / 19 /24 / 28 86 Bystropogon plumosus (L.f.) L‘Hér. Lamiaceae 9 87 Bystropogon sp. Lamiaceae 26 88 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Fabaceae 1 89 Cakile mari ma Scop. Brassicaceae 6 90 Calendula sp. Asteraceae 22 91 Callistemon citrinus (Cur s) Skeels Myrtaceae 1 92 Campanula erinus L. Campanulaceae 15 93 Campylanthus salsoloides (L.f.) Roth Plantaginaceae 14 94 Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke Campanulaceae 15 / 19 / 21 / 23 / 24 95 Carduus clavulatus Link Asteraceae 3 / 15 / 21 / 24 96 Carex canariensis Kük. Cyperaceae 19 / 24 97 Carex divulsa Stokes Cyperaceae 19 / 24 98 Carex perraudieriana (Kük. ex Bornm.) Gay ex Kük. Cyperaceae 19 99 Carlina salicifolia (L.F.) Cav. Asteraceae 3 / 7 / 11 / 15 / 21 / 22 / 29 100Carlina xeranthemoides L.f. Asteraceae 9 / 12 / 16 101Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. Aizoaceae 25 102Carpobrotus sp. Aizoaceae 17 103Cascabela theve a (L.) Lippold Apocynaceae 1 104Casimiroa edulis La Llave Rutaceae 22 105Casuarina equise folia L. Casuarinaceae 25 106Cedronella canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae 24 107Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae 6 / 14 / 17 / 21 / 25 108 Centaurea melitensis L. Asteraceae 13 109Centranthus calcitrapa (L.) Dufr. Caprifoliaceae 9 110Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Apocynaceae 3 / 17 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 23 / 26 111Ceropegia fusca Bolle Apocynaceae 6 / 14 112Ceterach aurea (Cav.) Buch Aspleniaceae 4 / 24 113Chamaecy sus prolifer (L. f.) Link Fabaceae 15 114Chamaerops humilis L. Arecaceae 1 / 10 115Cheilanthes guanchica Bolle Pteridaceae 16 116Cheilanthes pulchella Bory Pteridaceae 9 / 11 / 15 88 A

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 117Cheilanthes vellea (Aiton) Domin Pteridaceae 9 118Cheirolophus canariensis ssp. subexpinnata (Burch.) G.Kunkel Asteraceae 3 119Cheirolophus teydis (C.Sm.) G.López Asteraceae 16 120Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques Asparagaceae 1 121Cistus chinamadensis Bañares & P.Romero Cistaceae 29 122Cistus monspeliensis L. Cistaceae 7 / 9 / 11 / 22 / 23 / 24 123Cistus symphy folius Lam. Cistaceae 11 / 15 / 23 124Citrus sp. Rutaceae 1 125Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse Amaryllidaceae 1 126Cneorum pulverulentum Vent. Rutaceae 2 / 3 / 14 127Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Polygonaceae 17 128Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae 1 129Colocasia esculenta (L.) Scho Araceae 1 130Convolvulus canariensis L. Convolvulaceae 3 / 15 / 19 / 24 131Convolvulus fl oridus L. Convolvulaceae 4 / 18 / 22 / 26 132Convolvulus siculus L. Convolvulaceae 22 133Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ Brassicaceae 15 134Crambe scaberrima Webb ex Bramwell Brassicaceae 3 / 24 135Crassula mul cava Lem. Crassulaceae 19 136Cupressus sempervirens L. Cupressaceae 11 137Cuscuta sp. Convolvulaceae 17 / 21 138Cycas revoluta Thunb. Cycadaceae 1 139Cylindropun a sp. Cactaceae 1 140Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. Plantaginaceae 1 141Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae 17 / 26 142Cynoglossum cre cum Mill. Boraginaceae 22 / 24 143Cynosurus echinatus L. Poaceae 11 / 23 144Cyperus involucratus Ro b. Cyperaceae 25 145Cyperus rubicundus Willd. ex Link Cyperaceae 26 146Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl Dryopteridaceae 1 147Cy nus hypocis s (L.) L. Cy naceae 24 148Cy sus proliferus L.f. Fabaceae 9 / 12 / 24 149Dactylis glomerata ssp. smithii (Link) Stebbins & D.Zohary Poaceae 3 / 18 / 21 / 28 150Daphne gnidium L. Thymelaeaceae 11 151Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae 30 152Datura sp. Solanaceae 13 4 / 9 / 11 / 15 (L.) Sm. Davalliaceae 153Davallia canariensis 18 / 19 / 21 / 22 / 24 154Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Fabaceae 1 155Descurainia bourgeauana (E. Fourn.) O.E. Schulz Brassicaceae 15 / 16 156Descurainia millefolia (Jacq.) Webb & Berthel. Brassicaceae 3 / 21 / 22 / 27 157Dianthus sp. Caryophyllaceae 1 158Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty Poaceae 6 159Dicheranthus plocamoides Webb Caryophyllaceae 18 / 23 160Diplazium caudatum Jermy Athyriaceae 19 161Di richia viscosa (L.) Greuter Asteraceae 22 / 27 162Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) K.Schum. Malvaceae 10 163Dracaena draco (L.) L. Asparagaceae 1 / 10 / 18 / 21 / 23 / 29 164Dracunculus canariensis Kunth Araceae 15 / 21 165Drimia hesperia (Webb & Berthel.) J.C.Manning & Goldbla Asparagaceae 18 166Drimia mari ma (L.) Stearn Asparagaceae 14 167Drusa glandulosa (Poir.) H.Wolff ex Engl. Apiaceae 24 168Dryopteris guanchica Gibby & Jermy Dryopteridaceae 19 169Dryopteris oligodonta Pic.Serm. Dryopteridaceae 19 / 24 170Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Arecaceae 1 171Echium aculeatum Poir. Boraginaceae 3 / 7 172Echium auberianum Webb & Berthel. Boraginaceae 16 173Echium giganteum L.f. Boraginaceae 18 / 22 / 28 / 29 174Echium leucophaeum Webb ex Sprague & Hutch. Boraginaceae 21 175Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae 7 / 19 / 21 / 22 176Echium simplex DC. Boraginaceae 21 / 27 / 28 177Echium strictum L.f. Boraginaceae 3 / 21 178Echium virescens DC. Boraginaceae 9 / 11 / 15 / 23 / 24 A 89

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 179Echium wildpre i H.Pearson ex Hook.f. Boraginaceae 16 180Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. Polygonaceae 17 181Epipremnum sp. Araceae 1 7 / 11 / 15 / 19 L. Ericaceae 182Erica arborea 20 / 21 / 23 / 24 183Erodium sp. Geraniaceae 7 184Erysimum bicolor (Hornem.) DC. Brassicaceae 18 / 23 185Erysimum scoparium (Brouss. ex Willd.) We st. Brassicaceae 16 186Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae 11 / 24 187Eupatorium sp. Asteraceae 15 188Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae 3 / 14 / 17 189Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss. ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae 3 / 7 190Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae 2 / 3 / 6 / 14 / 17 / 18 / 21 191 Euphorbia bourgeana J.Gay ex Boiss. Euphorbiaceae 9 1 / 2 / 3 / 14 / 17 L. Euphorbiaceae 192Euphorbia canariensis 21 / 22 / 26 / 27 193Euphorbia candelabrum Trémaux ex Kotschy Euphorbiaceae 1 194Euphorbia cf. serpens Kunth Euphorbiaceae 17 3 / 14 / 17 / 18 Sweet Euphorbiaceae 195Euphorbia lamarckii 21 / 22 / 23 / 25 / 30 196Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphorbiaceae 1 197Euphorbia paralias L. Euphorbiaceae 6 198Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Euphorbiaceae 1 199Euphorbia mellifera Aiton Euphorbiaceae 19 200Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae 1 201Fagonia cre ca L. Zygophyllaceae 6 202Fagonia la folia Delile Zygophyllaceae 2 / 13 203Ferula communis ssp. linkii (Webb) Reduron & Dobignard Apiaceae 4 / 7 / 16 / 18 / 23 / 28 204Festuca agus ni Linding. Poaceae 11 205Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae 1 206Ficus carica L. Moraceae 4 / 22 207Ficus sp. Moraceae 1 208Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae 15 / 21 / 22 209Forsskaolea angus folia Retz. Ur caceae 2 / 6 / 13 / 17 / 21 / 26 / 28 210Frankenia ericifolia C.Sm. ex DC. Frankeniaceae 2 / 3 / 5 / 6 / 13 / 25 / 21 211Fumaria coccinea R.T.Lowe ex Pugsley Papaveraceae 21 212Fumaria sp. Papaveraceae 24 213Furcraea sp. Asparagaceae 1 214Galac tes tomentosa Moench Asteraceae 3 / 8 / 21 / 22 / 26 215Galium scabrum L. Rubiaceae 11 / 19 / 24 216Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. Orchidaceae 19 217Geranium reuteri Aedo & Muñoz Garm. Geraniaceae 19 / 24 218Gesnouinia arborea (L.f.) Gaudich. Ur caceae 19 219Globularia salicina Lam. Plantaginaceae 4 / 15 / 18 / 22 / 24 / 25 / 26 220Gonospermum fru cosum (Buch) Less. Asteraceae 3 / 8 / 18 / 22 / 29 221Gonospermum revolutum (C.Sm. ex Buch) Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 21 222Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Proteaceae 1 223Gymnocarpos decander Forssk. Caryophyllaceae 6 224Gymnosporia cassinoides (L'Hér.) Masf. Celastraceae 15 / 18 225Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. Orchidaceae 18 / 21 / 23 / 28 226Heberdenia excelsa Banks ex Schult. Primulaceae 18 / 19 / 24 227Hedera canariensis Willd. Araliaceae 19 228Helianthemum canariense (Jacq.) Pers. Cistaceae 6 229Heliotropium erosum Lehm. Boraginaceae 13 230Heliotropium europaeum L. Boraginaceae 6 231Hemerocallis sp. Asphodelaceae 1 232Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae 1 233Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. Hymenophyllac. 19 234Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf. Poaceae 2 / 8 / 21 / 25 235Hypericum calycinum L. Hypericaceae 15 / 21 236Hypericum canariense L. Hypericaceae 4 / 15 / 18 / 21 / 23 237Hypericum glandulosum Gilib. Hypericaceae 19 /21 / 23 238Hypericum grandifolium Choisy Hypericaceae 11 / 19 / 23 90 A

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 239Hypericum refl exum L.f. Hypericaceae 11 / 15 / 23 / 24 / 26 / 28 240Ilex canariensis Poir. Aquifoliaceae 19 / 21 / 23 / 24 241Ilex perado ssp. platyphylla (Webb & Berthel.) Tu n Aquifoliaceae 19 / 23 242Impa ens walleriana Hook. f. Balsaminaceae 1 243Impa ens sodenii Engl. & Warb. Balsaminaceae 21 244Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loudon Plantaginaceae 19 / 21 / 24 245Ixanthus viscosus (Aiton) Griseb. Gen anaceae 19 / 24 246Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Bignoniaceae 1 247Jacobaea mari ma ssp. bicolor (Willd.) B.Nord. & Greuter Asteraceae 1 248Jasminum odora ssimum L. Oleaceae 4 / 15 / 18 / 21 / 22 249Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae 21 / 22 250Juncus bufonius L. Juncaceae 21 251Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel. Cupressaceae 16 252Jus cia hyssopifolia L. Acanthaceae 18 253Kalanchoe sp. Crassulaceae 1 2 / 4 / 7 / 9 / 14 / 15 Haw. Asteraceae 254Kleinia neriifolia 17 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 25 255Kunkeliella retamoides A.Santos Santalaceae 15 256Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kämmer Santalaceae 5 257Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench Poaceae 7 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 26 / 28 258Launaea arborescens (Ba .) Murb. Asteraceae 2 / 6 / 21 259Laurobasidium lauri (Geyl.) Jülich Exobasidiaceae 19 260Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart. et al. Lauraceae 7 / 19 / 20 / 21 / 24 261Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae 3 / 21 / 25 14 / 15 / 17 / 18 (L.) Mill. Lamiaceae 262Lavandula canariensis 22 / 23 29 / 30 263Lavandula pinnata L.f. Lamiaceae 3 264Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Malvaceae 3 / 4 / 18 265Limonium macrophyllum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae 1 / 21 266Limonium pec natum Kuntze Plumbaginaceae 2 / 3 / 5 / 6 / 17 / 25 / 26 267Lobularia canariensis (DC.) L. Borgen Brassicaceae 7 / 15 / 21 268Lolium canariense Steud. Poaceae 23 269Lotus campylocladus Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae 9 270Lotus dumetorum R.P.Murray Fabaceae 21 271Lotus sessilifolius DC. Fabaceae 2 / 5 / 6 / 13 / 14 272Lotus tenellus (Lowe) Sandral, A.Santos & D.D.Sokoloff Fabaceae 3 / 17 / 25 273Luzula canariensis Poir. Juncaceae 19 274Luzula elegans Lowe Juncaceae 15 / 23 275Lycium intricatum Boiss. Solanaceae 2 276Lysimachia linum-stellatum L. Primulaeceae 11 277Medicago sp. Fabaceae 4 / 21 278Mercurialis annua L. Euphorbiaceae 19 / 21 / 22 279Mercurialis sp. Euphorbiaceae 15 280Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Aizoaceae 6 / 3 / 25 / 281Mesembryanthemum nodifl orum L. Aizoaceae 14 / 17 / 25 282Messerschmidia fru cosa L.f. Boraginaceae 26 283Micromeria sp. Lamiaceae 26 284Micromeria varia Benth. Lamiaceae 7 / 9 / 11 / 20 / 21 / 22 285Misopates oron um (L.) Raf. Plantaginaceae / 8 / 22 / 286Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe Crassulaceae / 11 / 22 / 28 / 287Monanthes laxifl ora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornmuller Crassulaceae 3 / 4 / 5 / 18 / 19 / 21 / 23 288Monanthes pallens (Webb in Christ) Christ Crassulaceae 3 / 7 289Monanthes polyphylla (Aiton) Haw. Crassulaceae 3 / 18 / 23 290Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Araceae 1 291Morella faya (Aiton) Wilbur Myricaceae 11 / 19 / 20 / 21 / 23 292Myoso s discolor Pers. Boraginaceae 24 293Myoso s la folia Poir. Boraginaceae 11 / 24 294Neo nea maculata (Desf.) Stearn Orchidaceae 11 295Nepeta teydea Webb & Berthel. Lamiaceae 16 296Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Scho Nephrolepidac. 1 297Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae 1 1 / 2 / 6 / 14 Graham Solanaceae 298Nico ana glauca 15 / 17 / 22 / 25 A 91

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 299Nico ana paniculata L. Solanaceae 30 300Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Baill. Lauraceae 19 301Olea europaea ssp. guanchica P.Vargas et al. Oleaceae 15 302Opun a cylindrica (Lam.) DC. Cactaceae 25 303Opun a dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Cactaceae 3 / 7 / 22 / 26 304Opun a fi cus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae 4 / 9 / 22 / 23 / 25 305Opun a sp. Cactaceae 1 306Orchis patens ssp. canariensis (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn. Orchidaceae 11 307Orobanche sp. Orobanchaceae 24 308Oxalis pes-caprae L. Oxalidaceae 7 / 15 / 21 / 24 / 26 309Oxalis sp. Oxalidaceae 1 310Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Asteraceae 21 / 26 311Pancra um canariense Ker Gawl. Amaryllidaceae 3 312Pandanus u lis Bory Pandanaceae 10 313Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae 22 314Paraceterach marantae (L.) R.M. Tryon Pteridaceae 4 / 9 / 21 / 23 / 24 315Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel Orobanchaceae 23 / 28 316Parietaria cf. judaica L. Ur caceae 1 317Parietaria fi lamentosa Webb & Berthel. Ur caceae 3 / 22 318Paronychia canariensis (L. f.) Link Caryophyllaceae 3 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 26 319Passifl ora sp. Passifl oraceae 22 320Patellifolia procumbens (C.Sm.) A.J.Sco , Ford-Lloyd & J.T.WilliamsAmaranthaceae 2 / 13 / 17 / 25 321Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae 1 / 18 322Pelle era wildpre i Valdés Primulaceae 5 / 9 323Pennisetum orientale Rich. Poaceae 25 / 26 324Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Poaceae 15 325Pericallis appendiculata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae 19 / 24 326Pericallis cruenta (L‘Hér.) Bolle Asteraceae 11 327Pericallis echinata (L.f.) B.Nord. Asteraceae 4 / 23 328Pericallis lanata (L'Hér.) B.Nord. Asteraceae 15 329Pericallis tussilaginis (L'Hér.) D.Don Asteraceae 19 / 21 / 25 / 28 2 / 3 / 4 / 8 / 14 / 15 Aiton Apocynaceae 330Periploca laevigata 17 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 25 331Persea indica (L.) Spreng. Lauraceae 19 / 24 332Petunia sp. Solanacae 1 333Phagnalon saxa le (L.) Cass. Asteraceae 8 / 18 / 22 334Philodendron bipinna fi dum Scho ex Endl. Araceae 1 335Phoenix canariensis Chabaud Arecaceae 1 / 18 / 22 336Phyllis nobla L. Rubiaceae 15 / 19 / 21 337Phyllis viscosa Webb ex Christ Rubiaceae 3 / 18 / 23 338Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC. Oleaceae 24 339Pimpinella cumbrae Link Apiaceae 11 / 16 340Pimpinella sp. Apiaceae 15 341Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Pinaceae 1 / 7 / 9 / 11 / 15 / 16 / 23 342Pinus radiata D.Don Pinaceae 11 343Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P.Beauv., Ess. Poaceae 21 344Pistacia atlan ca Desf. Anacardiaceae 4 / 18 345Plantago arborescens Poir. Plantaginaceae 15 / 19 / 21 / 28 346Plantago aschersonii Bolle Plantaginaceae 17 / 25 347Plantago coronopus L. Plantaginaceae 2 348Plantago lagopus L. Plantaginaceae 7 / 17 / 22 349Plantago sp. Plantaginaceae 6 350Plantago webbii Barnéoud Plantaginaceae 16 351Pleiomeris canariensis (Willd.) A. DC. Primulaceae 20 / 21 / 24 352Plocama pendula Aiton Rubiaceae 3 / 6 / 14 / 17 / 26 353Plumbago auriculata Lam. Plumbaginaceae 1 354Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae 1 355Polycarpaea carnosa C.Sm. ex Buch Caryophyllaceae 18 356Polycarpaea divaricata Poir. ex Steud. Caryophyllaceae 2 / 14 / 26 / 22 357Polycarpaea la folia Poir. Caryophyllaceae 7 / 21 358Polycarpaea nivea (Aiton) Webb Caryophyllaceae 6 359Polypodium macaronesicum A.E. Bobrov Polypodiaceae 7 / 15 / 19 / 21 / 22 / 26 / 28 360Polys chum se ferum (Forssk.) Moore ex Woyn. Dryopteridaceae 19 92 A

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 361Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae 1 362Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb Rosaceae 9 363Prunus lusitanica L. Rosaceae 19 364Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaed ac. 11 / 19 / 22 365Pterocephalus lasiospermus Link Caprifoliaceae 9 / 12 / 16 366Quercus ilex L. Fagaceae 11 367Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd. Ranunculaceae 9 / 11 / 15 / 19 / 24 / 26 / 28 368Ranunculus uliginosus Willd. Ranunculaceae 19 369Reichardia ligulata (Vent.) G.Kunkel & Sunding Asteraceae 2 / 3 / 5 / 18 / 25 / 28 / 29 370Reseda scoparia Brouss. ex Willd. Resedaceae 6 371Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Fabaceae 7 372Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb Fabaceae 9 373Rhamnus crenulata Aiton Rhamnaceae 4 / 15 / 18 / 22 / 29 374Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton Rhamnaceae 15 / 19 / 21 375Rhamnus integrifolia Spreng. ex Meisn. Rhamnaceae 16 376Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae 4 / 22 377Romulea columnae ssp. grandiscapa (Webb) G. Kunkel Iridaceae 21 378Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook Arecaceae 1 379Rubia fru cosa Aiton Rubiaceae 3 / 4 / 9 / 18 / 21 / 22 / 25 380Rubia peregrina L. Rubiaceae 15 381Rubus bollei Focke Rosaceae 15 / 19 382Rubus sp. Rosaceae 11 383Rubus ulmifolius Scho Rosaceae 4 / 23 384Rumex bucephalophorus L. Polygonaceae 15 / 21 2 / 3 / 9 / 15 / 17 L. Polygonaceae 385Rumex lunaria 19 / 21 / 22 / 25 386Rumex maderensis Lowe Polygonaceae 24 387Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae 13 388Ruta pinnata L.f. Rutaceae 15 389Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill. Solanaceae 30 390Salsola divaricata Moq. Amaranthaceae 2 / 3 / 6 / 17 / 25 391Salsola sp. Amaranthaceae 6 392Salvia canariensis L. Lamiaceae 15 393Sambucus palmensis Link Adoxaceae 19 394Scabiosa fru culosa C.Sm. ex DC. Caprifoliaceae 15 395Scheffl era arboricola (Hayata) Merr. Araliaceae 1 396Scheffl era sp. Araliaceae 1 397Schinus molle L. Anacardiaceae 1 / 30 398Schizogyne sericea (L.f.) DC. Asteraceae 2 / 3 / 6 / 13 / 14 / 17 399Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel. Asparagaceae 2 / 3 / 4 / 14 / 25 400Scorpiurus muricatus L. Fabaceae 22 / 24 401Scrophularia arguta Aiton Scrophulariac. 14 402Scrophularia glabrata Spreng. Scrophulariac. 11 / 16 403Scrophularia smithii Hornem. Scrophulariac. 11 / 15 / 19 404Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun Selaginellaceae 15 / 19 / 21 / 23 405Semele androgyna (L.) Kunth Asparagaceae 19 / 24 406Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae 1 407Seseli webbii Coss. Apiaceae 3 / 6 408Sideri s brevicaulis Mend.-Heuer Lamiaceae 8 409Sideri s canariensis L. Lamiaceae 24 410Sideri s cre ca L. Lamiaceae 3 / 18 / 22 411Sideri s dendrochahorra Bolle Lamiaceae 21 / 29 412Sideri s macrostachys Poir. Lamiaceae 19 / 21 413Sideri s oroteneriff ae Négrin & P.Pérez Lamiaceae 12 414Sideri s soluta Clos Lamiaceae 15 415Silene gallica L. Caryophyllaceae 7 / 15 / 21 / 22 / 26 / 28 416Silene lagunensis C.Sm. ex Link Caryophyllaceae 21 417Silene cf. nocteolens Webb & Berthel. Caryophyllaceae 16 418Silene vulgaris ssp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae 9 / 19 / 23 419Smilax aspera L. Smilacaceae 19 / 24 420Solanum americanum Mill. Solanaceae 21 / 24 421Solanum vesper lio Aiton Solanaceae 21 A 93

Nr. Species Family Loca on / tabel nr. 3 / 7 / 9 / 11 / 15 / 18 / 21 / Dum.Cours. Asteraceae 422Sonchus acaulis 23 / 25 / 26 / 28 423Sonchus canariensis (Sch.Bip.) Boulos Asteraceae 8 / 9 / 15 424Sonchus capillaris Svent. Asteraceae 8 425Sonchus congestus Willd. Asteraceae 3 / 8 / 15 / 18 / 19 / 22 426Sonchus leptocephalus Cass. Asteraceae 18 / 22 427Sonchus microcarpus (Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb. Asteraceae 14 428Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Asteraceae 17 429Sonchus radicatus Aiton Asteraceae 3 / 15 / 21 / 25 / 28 430Spartocy sus supranubius (L. f.) Christ ex G. Kunkel Fabaceae 12 / 16 431Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Bignoniaceae 1 432Spergula fallax (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause Caryophyllaceae 13 433Spergularia sp. Caryophyllaceae 17 434Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Poaceae 26 435Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq. Lamiaceae 21 / 28 436Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Poaceae 1 437S pa capensis Thunb. Poaceae 22 / 25 438Strelitzia nicolai Regel & K.Koch Strelitziaceae 1 439Strelitzia reginae Banks Strelitziaceae 1 440Suaeda sp. Amaranthaceae 6 441Syagrus sp. Arecaceae 1 442Tagetes sp. Asteraceae 1 443Tamarix canariensis Willd. Tamaricaceae 1 / 17 / 25 444Tamus edulis Lowe Dioscoreaceae 15 / 18 / 23 445Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae 19 / 21 / 22 / 23 / 24 446Teline osyrioides Gibbs & Dingwall Fabaceae 8 / 15 447Tetraena fontanesii (Webb & Berthel.) Beier & Thulin Zygophyllaceae 6 / 13 448Teucrium heterophyllum L'Hér. Lamiaceae 4 / 18 / 26 / 28 449Todaroa aurea (Sol.) Parl. Apiaceae 15 / 21 450Todaroa montana Webb ex Christ Apiaceae 11 451Tolpis lagopoda C.Sm. ex Link Asteraceae 19 452Tolpis webbii Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 16 453Tournefor a candidula (Miers.) I.M.Johnst. Boraginaceae 3 / 4 / 22 454Tradescan a spathacea Sw. Commelinaceae 1 455Traganum moquinii Webb ex Moq. Amaranthaceae 6 456Tricholaena teneriff ae (L.f.) Link Poaceae 26 457Trifolium aureum Pollich Fabaceae 18 458Tuberaria gu ata (L.) Fourr. Cistaceae 12 / 15/ 23 459Ulex europaeus L. Fabaceae 18 / 24 460Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Crassulaceae 9 / 12 461Ur ca morifolia Poir. Ur caceae 11 462Usnea sp. (Lichen) Parmeliaceae 11 463Vandenboschia radicans (Sw.) Copel. Hymenophyllac. 19 464Viburnum nus ssp. rigidum (Vent.) P.Silva Adoxaceae 11 / 15 / 19 / 21 / 24 465Vicia cirrhosa Webb & Berthel. Fabaceae 15 466Vicia scandens R.P.Murray Fabaceae 24 467Vieraea laevigata (Willd.) Webb ex Sch.Bip. Asteraceae 3 / 18 / 22 468Vinca major L. Apocynaceae 19 469Viola anagae Gilli Violaceae 19 470Viola odorata L. Violaceae 24 471Visnea mocanera L.f. Pentaphylacac. 19 / 23 / 24 472Volutaria sp. Asteraceae 13 473Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link Campanulaceae 14 / 26 / 28 474Washingtonia sp. Arecaceae 1 475Withania aristata Pauquy Solanaceae 3 / 18 / 22 / 30 476Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Blechnaceae 19 94 A

Species list of birds

Species list of birds observed on Tenerife 2016 at excursion locali es; * Canarian endemic subspecies, ** Canarian endemic species. Bird species Locality Haussperling (Passer domes cus) Puerto de la Cruz, 09.03.2016 Amsel (Turdus merula cabrerae)* Puerto de la Cruz, 09.03.2016 Türkentaube (Streptopelia decaoto) Puerto de la Cruz, 09.03.2016 Felsentaube (Columba livia) Puerto de la Cruz, 09.03.2016 Kanarengirlitz (Serinus canaria)** Puerto de la Cruz, 09.03.2016 Kanarenpieper (Anthus berthelo i)** Costal Teno mountains, 10.03.16 Kanarenblaumeise (Cyanistes teneriff ae teneriff ae)* Costal Teno mountains, 10.03.16 Kanarenturmfalke (Falco nnunculus canariensis)* Costal Teno mountains, 10.03.16 Mi elmeermöwe (Larus michahellis atlan s) Costal Teno mountains, 10.03.16 Kanarenzilpzalp (Phylloscopus canariensis)** Costal Teno mountains, 10.03.16 Kanarenmäusebussard (Buteo buteo insularum)* Way to Masca gorge, 12.03.16 Kolkrabe (Corvus corax) Way to Masca gorge, 12.03.16 Kanarenbuntspecht (Dendrocopos major canariensis)* Pinar - San José de los Llanos, 12.03.2016 Kanarenbuchfi nk (Fringilla coelebs canariensis)* Pinar above Aguamansa, 13.03.2016 Kanarenrotkehlchen (Erithacus superbus)** Pinar above Aguamansa, 13.03.2016 Lorbeertaube (Columba junoniae)** Barranco de Güimar, 14.03.2016 Cories Gelbschnabelsturmtaucher (Calonectris borealis) Barranco de Güimar, 14.03.2016 Kanarenraubwürger (Lanius meridionalis koenigi)* Las Cañadas del Teide, 15.03.2016 Felsenhuhn (Alectoris barbara) Bollullu Bay, 16.03.2016 Kanarensamtkopfgrasmücke (Sylvia melanocephala leucogastra)* Bollullu Bay, 16.03.2016 Fahlsegler (Apus unicolor) Above Los Silos, 16.03.2016 A 95

List of locations with geographical coordinates

List of all loca on visited during the excursion.

Date Loca on La tude Longitude Ele. [m a.s.l.] 10.03.2016 Coast carpark Puerto del la Cruz 28.4182 -16.5536 25 10.03.2016 Punot del Teno 28.3430 -16.9201 26 10.03.2016 Punot del Fraile 28.3575 -16.9027 144 10.03.2016 Camino del Risco above Buenavista - Start & parking 28.3611 -16.8708 124 10.03.2016 Camino del Risco above Buenavista - Teucrium heterophylla 28.3577 -16.8733 257 10.03.2016 Buen Paso junc on to Kunkeliella subsucculenta loca on 28.3805 -16.6888 224 10.03.2016 Buen Paso - Kunkeliella subsucculenta (parking) 28.3912 -16.6922 31 10.03.2016 Buen Paso - Kunkeliella subsucculenta loca on 28.3923 -16.6930 66 10.03.2016 Stop above Buenavista - Euphorbia atropurpurea 28.3649 -16.8801 162 11.03.2016 El Medano - Montana Roja (parking) 28.0376 -16.5482 24 11.03.2016 El Medano - Montana Roja (summit) 28.0271 -16.5489 182 12.03.2016 Mirador Altos de Baracán - above El Palmar 28.3282 -16.8563 808 12.03.2016 Mirador La Cumbre - between Masca & San ago del Teide 28.2998 -16.8239 1058 12.03.2016 Pinar above Chio - Bar Estrellas (parking) 28.2292 -16.7595 1092 12.03.2016 Pinar above Chio - Bartramia stricta 28.2322 -16.7627 1097 12.03.2016 Icod de los Vinos - Dracena draco 28.3682 -16.7214 259 13.03.2016 Pinar forest above Aguamansa - parking 28.3579 -16.5023 1192 14.03.2016 Puer to de Guimar - coast mal Pais (parking) 28.2976 -16.3717 17 14.03.2016 Barranco de Badajos (Guimar) - parking 28.3031 -16.4350 541 15.03.2016 Teide - Cañada Blanca Visitor Center (start) 28.2241 -16.6272 2163 15.03.2016 Teide - El Por llo (End) 28.3036 -16.5669 2064 16.03.2016 Buenavista - coast parking 28.3727 -16.8701 39 16.03.2016 Channel above Los Silo - Thermophil forest 28.3632 -16.8022 219 16.03.2016 Channel above Los Silo - Vierea laevigata loca on 28.3655 -16.8003 219 18.03.2016 Pijaral parking (along the road) 28.5520 -16.1916 745 18.03.2016 Pijaral - Roque Chinobre viewpoint 28.5587 -16.1754 920 19.03.2016 Chamorga (Start & End) 28.5699 -16.1584 476 20.03.2016 Los Silos - Start 28.3645 -16.8168 103 20.03.2016 Erjos - End 28.3278 -16.8047 1002 21.03.2016 Punta de Hidalgo - Start 28.5707 -16.3182 119 21.03.2016 Chinamada - End 28.5619 -16.2909 448 22.03.2016 Floral ecology in the Bullullo Bay 28.4164 -16.5226 31 96 A

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