. . ,.•! ) ·· . Periodic Reports on

THE ~liSH POSITION

published by

THE INSTITUTE OF JEViiSH AFFAIRS

VOL. III Number 5 .May. 1962

Institute of Jewish At'faj.rs World Jewish Congress 15 East 84th Street New York 28 N. Y. ' .·' . 1 t TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. IS DEAD -- WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER EICHMANNS? •••••••••••••-:-1"

II. REPORT FROM MOROCCO ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4

III. ANTI-JEWISH ACTION ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 5

1. Argentina •••••••••••••• 5 7. ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 2. . • .•••••••••••••• 5 8. Mexico•••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 3. c~eohoslovakia ••••••••• 6 9. •••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 4. Egypt•••••••••••••••••• 6 10. Uruguay••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 5_. •••••••••••.•••• 7 11, USA ••••••• ••••••••••••••••• • • • 9 6. Great Britain •••••.••••• 7 12. USSR•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9

'N. PROSECUTION OF WAR CRIMINAlS •••• ••••••••. •••• •••••••• ••••••••••• ••• ••••• 9

1. Austria•••••••••••••••• 9 3. Germany ••••••••••••••••••••••• lO 2. •••••••••••••••• 10 4. USSR ••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 12

V. MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS •••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • • • • 12

1. Algeria ••••••••••••••••• l2 18. Iraq • •• ·• •••••••.••••••.••••• • •• 22 2. Argentina ••••••••••••••• l3 19. ••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 3. Belgium ••••••••••••••••• 14 20. ItalY•••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 4. Brazi1••••••••••••••••••14 21. Jamaica•••••••••••••••••••••• 22 5. Bu1garia •••••••••••••••• l4 22. Morocco•••••••••••••••••••••• 22 6. Canada •••••••••••••••••• l4 23. New Zealand •••••••••.••••••••• 22 7. Congo ••••••••••••••••••• 15 24. ••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 a. Cuba •••••••••••••••••••• l5 25 .• Rhodesia. ••••••••••••.••••••••• 23 9. Czeohoslovakia •••••••••• 15 26. Rumania•••••••••••••••••••••• 23 10 .. Franoe •••••••••••••••••• l5 27. Spain •••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 11. Germany ••••••••••••••••• 16 28. Sweden••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 12. Great Britain••••••••••• l9 29. Switzerland •••••••••••••••••• 24 13. •••••••••••••••••• 20 30. Tunisia•••••••••••••••••••••• 24 14. Guatemala ••••••••••••••• 20 31. •••••••••••••••••••••• .• 25 15. Hol1and••••••••••••••••• 20 32. Uruguay•••••••••••••••••••••• 25 16. ••••••••••••••••• 21 33. USA •••••••••••• • •. • • • • • • • • • • • 25 17. International ••••••••••• 21 34, USSR••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28 -1-

I. ADOLF EICHMP..NN IS DEAD ...... WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER EICHMA.NNS?

For a long time the ease, trial and judgment of Adolf Eichmann in Israel kept the world in a state of agitation and suspense. No other trial in the history of mankind gave rise to so many disputes, reports, comments, editorial, TV and radio broadcasts, polls, etc. Probably this was in part due to the dramatic circumstance of Eichmann's apprehension in Argentina and the expansion of the news-gathering fa­ cilities in the last decade. But even discounting these outside aspects, the trial undoubtedly commanded world attention for what it disclosed before the eyes of the nations - planned systematic, ruthless annihilation of six million innocent men, women, and children by a mighty totalitarian state and its administrative apparatus, with the willing and frequently ardent cooperation of died-in-the-wool Nazis and the passive compliance of the populace.

Eichmann was in the center of the web which extended practically all over Europe to hunt and destroy the down to the last person. But obviously he was not alone. After the war trials were held by the Allied and former German satellites (Hungary, Rumania, ), but they came practically to an end by 1948. Thereafter a reverse trend set in whereby many of those condemned to imprisonment (if they were not executed at an earlier time) were pardoned, paroled, or had their sentences re­ duced. By now, there are practically no Nazi criminals held by any of the Allied nations in Prison. Only three top Nazis are in the Spandau prison, under the four Big-Powers control: Hess (Hitler's one-time deputy), von Schirach (youth leader), ant Speer (Minister of Armament). From time to time trials take place in Poland and the ; on a larger scale such trials occur in the Federal Republic of Germany:; where a considerable number of investigations are being conducted and trials pre• pared. They deal with the notorious death cal!lps of Auschwitz, Belzec, Treblinka, Maidanek, Buchenwald, Mauthausen, etc.J the specia.l extermination squads; large ghet­ tos like Warsaw, Lodz, Bialystok, etc.; whole countries and regions. It is obvious that such an effort would not have been undertaken if there were not large numbers of important criminals unpunished. Since by now all crimes except murder and parti­ cipation therein have been superannuated, the accused are all in the category of pure and unadulterated murderers. Not e.ll are available for trial; some have gone underground or are missing; but frequently criminals who were considered dead but lived for many years under assumed names (sometimes even under their own) are dis­ covered in the process of investigation or by accident.

This action is obviously not based on vengeance., and the trials are not "victor'2 trials; they are conducted by the Germans themselves. West Germany has come to the conclusion that the existence of large numbers of "murderers among us" is detrimental to good government and the development of democracy. A certain parallel action, al­ though on a smaller scale,. has started in Austria. These efforts to oleanse the body politic of persons guilty of murder are - as is to be expected - not pursued with equal zeal by all the authorities concerned, but nonetheless they represent a commendable effort worth assisting. It is on this basis that the WJC has been ren­ dering extensive assistance to the Central Office for the Prosecution of War Crimin­ als in Ludwigsburg, the competent public prosecutors, investigating judges, court, and police.

What kind of persons are involved in these investigations and trials? Small fry are mostly left in peace, but there is a large number of big-shots still to face their judge. It is impossible in this short review to give more than a few examples. Some of Eichmann's collaborators are among those now facing trial or investigation. SS-Hauptsturmf'uehrer (Captain) Otto Hunsche, former member of the Eichmann Special Commando in Hungary, will face trial in June in Germany; Deputy Chief of Eichmann's -2-

Comm~dn, Hormann Krumey, is under arrest thereJ Eichmann's Chief ~f Transportati~n, SS-Obersturmfuehrer (first lieutenant) Novak, and Franz Slavik of the Hungarian Cnmmand are under arrest in Austria; SS-Sturmbannfuehrer (Major) Wilhelm Zoepf,and Erich Derpner of Eichmann's office in The Hague, are under arrest in Ger­ many. others (for instance, ) are in hiding. Still others (for in­ stance, the brothers Hans and Rolf Guenther, Ernst Moss) are missing. The f~te ~f the maj~rity is unknown.

Vfllat about the others? Here are a few examples. Take the ease of . He was SS-Obergruppenfuehrer (Major General) and General of the Police and Waffen-SS and Higher SS and Police Leader in the Warthegau (western part of Poland) and, later, in the Government General of Poland. Koppe made the whole area (with the exemption of a remnant in the Lodz ghetto) judenrein and continued this activity in the Govern­ ment General. K~ppe lived under an assumed name as a director of a 0hocolate factory after the war; he was arrested quite recently, but is now free on bail, pending . SS-Obergruppenfuehrer (Major General) and General of the Waffen-SS Karl Wolff, chief of the personal staff of Rimmler and later Supreme SS and Police Chief in Italy, wh~ received "with special pleasure" the news that 5,000 Jews were to be shipped daily to Treblinka, after he had intervened to make it possible, is under investigation in Germany. Wilhelm Hahn was SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and Commander of the Security Police and SD in the District of Warsaw since October, 1941, when about 500,000 Jews were still alive in the ghetto. He was "active' there until the liquidation of the ghetto. During the large "resettlement" in 1942, about 300,000 Jews were sent to the death camp Treblinka. Hahn prospered after the war, was arrested in , but released because there was no danger of his es­ caping; the ease is under investigation. A worthy companion of Hahn was Heinz Auers­ wald, ghetto commissioner of Warsaw, a very brutal man. He was a law~er before the war and practiced his profession when he crune under investigation for his part in the annihilation of the Warsaw Jews. Otto Hantke, the "Jewish expert" in Warsaw is another companion. Otto Bradfisch was Chief of the in Lodz (the second largest ghetto in Poland). Guenther Fuchs, Superior Criminal Commissioner and "Jew­ ish expert" in the ghetto of Lodz is also among those under investigation.

A first-rate killer was SS-Hauptsturmfuohrer (Captain) Heinrich Hamann, former chief of the Security Police in Novy Sa.cz (Poland). He was proud of his name and preclaimed at every occasion that he would annihilate every Jew, something the bibli­ cal Hamann did not accomplish. Another killer of the same nature is Reinhold Feix, who was responsible for the murder of the Jews in the Budzyn camp and adjacent lo­ calities. He has not yet been found. Herbert Zimmerman was Comnander of the Security Police and Security Service in Bialystok. SS-Obersturmba.nnfuehrer (Major) Martin Fellenz was chief of the staff of the SS and Police chief in Cracow, and organized and supervised the mass deportations of the Jews of Cracow, Plaszow, and adjacent localities. SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Weissmann, the murderer of the Jews of Nowy Targ; Rudolf Bennewitz, Chief of the Gestapo in Przemysl; the area Commissioner of Lutzk, Ernst Erich Herter, are all in the same group.

Also under investigation are members of the special squads, such as Hermann Rohlfing, chief of the Special Command~ 1005 and criminal secretary in various places, including Maidanek and ; SS-Oberfuehrer (Senior Colonel) and Police Colonel Erich Ehrlinger; SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer (Captain) Konrad Fiebig, commander of a unit of the Special Commando No. 9; Colonel Georg Filbert, Commander of Special Commando No. 9 (now on trial in Germany); Karl Tschierschky, SS-standartenfuehrer (Colonel) in Special Commando A and Chief of the Special Commando in Riga; Wilhelm Wiebens, deputy Chief of Special Commando 9, - all in Germany. Egon Schoenp£lug, member of a special commando, has been. sent e n~ed in Austria.

The infamous Commandant of Auschwitz, Rudolf Hoess, was executed in Poland, but -3-

his adjutant~ SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer (Captain) , and the last Commandant of Auschwitz, Richard Ba~r ., are elive and awe.i ting trial in Germany. So are Josef Hofer, supervisor of crematoria in Auschwitz; SS-Obersturmfuehrer (First Lieutenant) Max Lustig, president of a court-there, and others. The inventor of the gas vans (predecessor of the gas chambers) Harr,y Wentritt, is also under arrest in Germany.

SS-Gruppenfuehrer (Major General) Odilo Globoenik, Lieutenant General of Police and Higher SS and Police Chief in Lublin, who in 1942/43 directed the infamous Aktion Reinhard - the cleansing of Poland of the Jews - apparently committed suicide in 1945 •. SS-~'!;f}.ndartenfuehrer (Colonel) Walter Huppenkothen, chief of the Security PolicerabH bb~-time Heinrich Mueller's deputy is under investigation in Germany. Hermann Hoefle, deputy chief of staff of the Chief of Security Police in Lublin and Chief of the division of "Aktion Reinhard," is under arrest in Austria; Johannes Miller, chief of the Security Police and Security Service in Lublin, is under inves­ tigation in Germany, together with some others. SS-Gruppenfuehrer (Major General) and Higher SS and Police Chief of Galicia, Friedrich Katzmann, who massacred over 400,000 Jews there, died in Germany in 1957 under an assumed name, but Eerghof and Inquart, who were on Katzmann's staff, are under investigation in Germany.

Also under arrest or investigation are some Gestapo chiefs in Germany (Robert Mohr -Darmstadt; SS General and Police President of Aanhen, Karl Zenner); the for­ mer of Breslau, Karl Hantke; the chief o~ the Security Police in Holland and Belgium, Erich Neumann, the chief of the Security Police in Posen, Albert Ra.pp; Rimmler's Chief Adjutant and SS General, Werner von Alvensleben-Schochwitz; the for­ mer Ambassador to Bulgaria, Adolf Heinz Beckerle; SS-Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) and Chief of the Slave Labor Division of WVHA, Gerhard Maurer; the Jewish expert in Rumania, Gustav Richter; the Area Commissioner of Schaulen, Hans Gewecke; Chief of Police in Pinsk, Helmut Saur; chief of Security Police in Lwow, Schenk, and others.

Physicians played quite a sinister role during the Nazi period as concentration 11 camp doctors who selected the candidates for the gas chambers 1 performed medical" experiments, etc. A number of them are under arrest or investigation in Germany, such as otto Adams of Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen, Otto Haupt of Stutthof, Heinrich Rindfleiec~ of Maidsnek, Emil Schmitz of Sachsenhausen, Kurt Uhlenbr a~tPk of Auschwitz.

Not all of those who played a role on a higher level in the Nazi regime have been tried, are under arrest or investigation or dead or missing. There are a number of them still living unmolested. In part this is due to the aforementioned superan­ nuation in Germany and Austria, in part to other reasons such as the difficulty of proving, after so many years, murder or participation therein in the case of persons who personally committed no act of murder in the conventional sense of the word. A few of them may be mentioned here: ss-standartenf.uehrer (Colonel) and last Inspector General of Concentration Camps, Kurt Becher (he was arrested after the war but re­ leased); SS-Standartenfuehrer (Colonel) Anton Kaessler, former Commandant of Sachsen· hausen; Theodor Fruendt, deputy of the Reich Commissioner for the Ostland; Dr. Rich­ ard Wendler, Governor of Lublin; Horst Greil, Legation Counselor in ~ Area Commissioner for Pernau and Dvinsk (Latvia):- Heinrich Rieckenr Chief of Communica­ tion in Hungary, Wilhelm Hoettl; Commandant of Smolensk, Orsha, etc., A. Kwientin­ sky (Austria); Major General of Police and Commander of Police and Security Service in Latvia, Walter Schroeder; Chief of Security Police in Latvia and in charge of concentration camps there, Ziegler; camp physician in Natzweiler and Struthof, Prof. Otto Bickenbaoh; camp physician in Buchenwald, H. D. Ellenbeck_; SS-physioian in Auschwitz, Hans Muench; SS·physician in Buchenwald, Heinrich Plazza; member of Eichmann's staff in Hungary, Schmidtsiefen. As said, some are in hiding abroad. vre have already mentioned Alois Brunner -4-

(Syria). Fritz Suhren, Commandant of Saohsenhausen and Ravensbrueok escaped from de­ t ention. The most notorious of the c nmp doctors is Joseph Mengele (he lived for a long time under his own name in Argentina and now he is hiding out somewhere in Latin America), who was responsibre not only for selections but the murder of many inmates of Auschwitz. Dr. Robert Schuman, responsib:!fl for sterilizations in Auschwitz, is chief medical officer in Ghana. ProfQ Horst Schuman (sterilizations in Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck) is sornewhere abroad; Hans Eisele of Dachau is apparently in Egypt (together with many other Nazis); Legation Counselor Karl Klingenfuss is also hiding out some~re. Siegfried Uiberreither, former Gauleiter of is believed to be in South America.

These are only a few of the large number of Nazis known or presureed to be in foreign countries, whose extradition has either not been requested or has been refused.

II. REPORT FROM MOROCCO

The Council of Moroccan Jewish Communities held its g~neral annual assembly in Rabat on Sunday, April 29. A representative of the Moroccan Ministry of the Interi­ or wished the congress success in its deliberations.

The congress was presided over by Dr. Benzaquen, former Cabinet member. Dr. Ben­ zaquen was, moreover, named Honorary President of the Federation of Moroccan Jewish Communities which is superseding the Council of Moroccan Jewish Communities. David Amar retains the active presidency of the Federation, ~hila Meyer Obadia, Pre sident of the Jewish Community of Casablanca, was named Secretary General of the Federation.

The congress took place under the sign of unity of all the Jewish Communities of Morocco.

Th~ team of the Alliance Israelite won the basketball championship in a game with a. Moslem team. After the victory, the racist press attacked the Jews and ac ­ cused the Alliance team of being a Zionist team.

The Nat ional Union of Moroccan Students sent a telegram to the King and to his Cabinet, urging them to put a stop to the emigration of Moroccan Jews to Israel.

The Government party Istiqlal, representing the Moroccan Right, has issued an appeal t o all Arab countries to launch a war against Israel. "This war," says the Istiqlal1 "is a national and religious duty."

A Jew charged with espionage by the military tribunal of Rabat has been no­ quitted. The Jew in question is M. Cohen.

The Governor of Casablanca, Col. Driss 1 accompanied by M. Ferhat, who was there in a private capacity, visited the Jewish schools of ORT-Morocco. The two personages expressed their admiration for the accomplishments of OR'r a.nd signed the school's Golden Book.

In a communique made public, the High Arab Committee for Palestine disclosed that "in a letter addressed to the Moroccan Minister of Foreign Affairs# under date of February 27, 1962, the Committee had asked f'or an explanatian in the matter of the emigration of' Moroccan Jews to Israel." On March 15 it received the following answer: "I hasten to reassure your Excellency: Morocco remains firmly committed to t he Arab principles concerning Palestine. It will remain faithful to them until the day the Arabs will be able to regain their coulltry. All Moroccans being equal under -o-

the l~w ~nd enjoying the same privileges~ our Government grants passports to Moroc­ can Jews which permit them to go abroad in connection with their affairs."

Nume~~us conversions of Jewish minors are being recorded now. They are the re­ sult of the activity of the Moroccan Minister of Islanu~e Affairs.

(Special correspondence to the Institute of Jewish Affairs)

III. ANTI~JEWISH ACTION

1. Argentin~

(a.) Within 48 hours Tacuara hoodlums attacked two Jewish institutions in Lanus Ques­ ta. They threw incendiary bombs and daubed the walls of the institutions with anti­ Jewish slogans. The first attack was on the I. L. Peretz Cultural Center and the second (on Sabbath evening) on the synagogue Beth Yacob.

(Die Presse, May 7)

(b) At the end of a lecture by Leon Dujovne on Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the Argen­ tine Writers Association, youths started throwing stones, eggs, and tomatoes, as well as leaflets apparently emanating from the pro-Fascist and anti-Semitic Guardia Rest~uradora Nacionalista.

(Yidi_s che zg i tung., May 9) (c) On LA-g Btomer anti-Semitic hooligans attacked the building of the Jewish commu­ nity in Mar del Plata with machine guns.

Ree~ntly Argentine neo-Nazis fired at Jewish cultural centers in the ~ountry.

The DAIA protested to the President and to the Minister of Interior against the armed attacks and demanded immediate measures to establish law and order.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 27)

(d) According to Dr. Yitzhak Goldenberg, President of the DAIA, neo-Nazi groups have lately taken ad~antage of the unstable political and economic conditions in Argentine and other Latin American countries to perpetrate a number of anti-Semitic attacks. These groups practice political anti-Semitism. Although the recent Nazi-Fascist formations have not yet won many adherents, they may attract larger numbers if so­ cial insecurity, unemployment, and anxiety continua.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 21) 2. Austrir1.

(a) A Swit!s lawyer noticed in a drugstore in a pha.rmsceutical handbook which carried a swastika on the flyleaf. It was a handbook in general use. No one was willing to explain how the swastika could be brought into a~oord with Austrian law.

(Iskult, April 25)

(b) In Gra.z a leaflet carrying the inscription "Freedom for Rudolf Hess" was widely distributed. This is the slogan or "Jeune Europe" and the "British National Party."

The leaflets were printed in Stockholm.- Malmoe 1 London, Brussels.- and New York. (Iskul1?_, April 25) -8-

(c) In a debate which took place in the Vienna Labor Chamber it was stated that 4~ of the youth is tainted by anti-Semitism. The fault lies with the parents and tea~h­ ers, who do not bring up the children in the right way. Many teachers are simply afraid to touch upon the Nazi regime. One student reported that the teachers often made anti-Semitic remarks during the lectures. Another student pointed out that ex­ treme nationalistic groups were very active among the students at the Vienna Univer­ sity; frequently is preached.

The speakers demanded a revision of the history books and that Nazism sh~uld not be minimized in Austrian schools.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 13)

(d) Youths turned over seven tombstones in the Jewish cemetery in Horn. The three perpetrators, all pupils of the Horn School, were apprehended.

(e) On the main square in Tulln in Lower Austria, papier-mache swastikas were found in many places. The text on the swastikas read: "In this sign we shall conquer."

(Iskult-Presse-Nachriohten. June 7)

3. Cze~hoslovakia

Two reports (a) The J9wish cemetery in Ziskow (near ) was desecrated by hooligans; they demolished the fence and destroyed 36 tombstones. Non-destroyed tombstones were daubed with, swastikas and anti-Semitic in&ol'iptd.ons;r suoh as "Death to the Jews£" 11 Long live Stalinl" It is assumed that this was the result of the recent publication of the ''Proto­ cols of the Elders of Zion" by the Prague State Publishing House. According to unconfirmed reports. Jewish cemeteries in a number o£ other towns in Czechoslovakia were desecrated. (Unzer Wort, May 3, 4)

(b) Chief Rabbi of Prague, Farkas, who is visiting Israel• reported that only one tombstone was broken in Ziskov and no swastikas daubed. He was promised by the Gov­ ernment that the damage would be repaired and a wall would be built to keep hooligans out. (Der Yid, May 4) 4. Egypt

(a) About 90 per eent of the sequestration of £oreign property hits Jewish £amilies. Some foreign Embassies in Cairo fight harder than others for the rights of their non-Jewish citizens. (The Eeonomis~, May 10) (b) The Egyptian Vice-Minister of Foreign Af£airs. Hussein Zalficar Sabry. stated in Copenhagen that the figure of 5 to 6 million Jews killed was a gross exaggeration and that at any rate it was not over 1 million.

(st. Galler Tagblatt1 May 15) -7-

(c) According to a decree of the Minister of the Interior, the "Jewish millionaires" have to stay in the country until they have liquidated their property and paid off the taxes or have installed Egyptian commissars in their enterprises. It applies to Egyptian and foreign Jews.

The reason is that, if these Jews leave Egypt while their properties are going concerns, they have to be paid compensation later on for their value. But if they liquidate the assets "on their own volition," no compensation is due. All a Jew may take with him on leaving the country is E~ 20 and 50 kg. of baggage.

(Un~ Wort, May 16) 5. Germany

(a) A West court sentenced Karl Lorenz to five months of imprisonment for anti-Semitic libel. Lorenz, a court clerk himself, had described the Jews as para­ sites and shady characters who had been asked to leave Germany; since they did not do so, their final extermination was their own responsibility. Lorenz, who received a suspended sentence, l1as been active in training other court employees.

(Allgemeine Wochenz~itung, May 11) (b) In view of the anti-Semitic utterances made at a meeting of the German Society for the Protection of Animals, when the forthcoming ritual slaughter legislation was dis cussed, Dr. Grzimek, the Director of the Zoo, has renounced his honorary membership of the Society. (See previous Report page 11).

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(c) A court in Goslur sentenced a male nurse to four months of imprisonment for anti­ Semitic utterances made toward a half-Jewess. The sentence was higher than the mini­ mum because of the unusual callousness of the defendant,

(Ruhrwacht, May 21) (d) Letters to the editor connected with the article "A Jewess Looks at Germany" (see April issue, page 9) continue to pour in at Twen. Quite a number are rabidly anti-Semitic. Twen prints about an equal nt~ber of pro and anti- Jewish letters, without announcing whether this ratio also prevails among the letters received.

(Twen, June 1962) 6. Great Britain

(a) The British Union Movement has put up 20 candidates in the Manchester area elec­ tions. In Manchester, with 19 candidates, it is the third largest force: the Liber­ als have 18, the Communists 8 candidates.

Right-wing extremist groups are contesting 56 seats in the borough council elec­ tions, 50 candidates for which are supplied by the Union Movement and six by the British National Party.

In the recent Edinburgh local election, St. Andrews Ward, the Union Movement gained ~ of the votes.

(Jewish Gazette, April 27; Jewish Chronicle, May 4; Action, May 15) !"8-

(b) The Rightist Party, the League of Empire Loyalists is discontinuing publication of its organ Caudour because of financial difficulties. Candour was financed by R. K~ Jeffery, a Chilean resident.

Since the departure of Colin Jordan (see previous Report), the journal of the British National Party Combat places slightly less emphasis on the Jewish question, although it still preaches against the "International Jewish-controlled moneylending system." (Jewish Chronicle, May 4) (c) The ttBritish National Party,n led by Colin Jordan, has changed its name to ttNa­ tional Socialist Movement." Its purpose is the transformation of Great Britain into a national-socialist state. The Party held a rally in Trafalgar Square under the slogan "Free Britain from Jewish Control."

(Unzer Wort, May 7; The Times of London, May 15)

7. Italy

(a) Unidentified hooligans put a bomb at the entrance to the Rome synagogue Anshe Emet~. The bomb was discovered by accident before it exploded.

(Unzer Shtime., May 7)

(b) Two young Italians, Massimo Gonfalonieri and Benito de Domenico, president and secretary, respectively, o£ the extreme rightist student organization nyoung Nation," ware sentenced for distributing anti-Semitic leaflets. The two students claimed that international Jewry "have claimed another victim, Eichmann, the noblest survivor of a heroic generation." The court found the youths guilty of advocating genocide and sentenced them to eight months in prison (suspended) and a fine of 141 000 liras. (Jewish Chronicle, May 18)

B. Mexico On the Mexican-U. s. border there are several cities with considerable Jewish communities. One of them is TijuanaJ nearby is the u. s. naval base of San Diego and somewhat farther Los Angeles.

The Jewish community of Tijuana has grow.n during the last several years. Anti­ Semites cannot bear to see that Jews acquired important positions in Me%ican-U. s. trade and indulge in all kinds of slander against Jews.

(Jewish Daily Eagle, May 23)

9. Norway

Two students on a youth program paid homage to Hitler and Quisling. The directo1· of the school from which the program emanated, said he was less alarmed by the fact that two students professed to be Nazis than by those who concealed such tendencies.

(National Jewish Post and Opinion~ May 18)

10. Uruguay La Escoba, the rabid anti-Semitic paper, has a circulation of 5o,ooo, a large part of which is exported to Argentina. {Unzer Wort, May 18) -9-

11. USA

(a) On May 1 police arrested a person carrying a banner "tommunism is Jewish."

(Day-Jewish Journal., May 3)

(b) Five boys admitted to having overturned about 50 tombstones in the Fairview Jewish cemetery as a pastime. This was the third cemetery descretation in this vicinity in one week.

(Forward, May 4; JTA, May 8 and 15)

(c) Tl1.ree members of the '1Minute Men" organiJ5ation were arrested in Miami and chargee with having dynamited the house of the editor of the Miami Herald. Nazi hate litera­ ture was found in the home of one of the detained.

(Forward, May 5; Morning Freiheit, and~~ May 15) (d) Vandals broke into the synagogue Beth Haknesseth on the Lower East Side, and threw prayer books, shawls, and other religious articles to the floor.

(New York Times, May 8)

(e) The Adath Jeshurun cemetery in Philadelphia was desecrated by vandals, who over­ turned 55 gravestones. Since some of the stones were very heavy, it must have taken a group of people to do it.

( JTA, May 10)

(f) Hooligans broke into the Rabbi Israel Salanter in the Bronx and caused damage valued at $7,000~

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 14)

(g) The Louisiana State Court annulled a decision against Rockwell and nine of his associates for disturbing the peace when they arrived a year ago in New Orleans on a Hate Bus. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 30)

12. USSR

The official party organ in Lwow, lwo~kaya Pravda, has published a sharp at­ tack on the leaders of the Jewish Community and f.!ynagogue, accusing them of criminal acts and speculation, detrimental to the Soviet economy. A number of Jews, officials engineers., technicians, and workers signed a petition to have the synagogue closed. It is expected that the petition will be granted.

(Jewish Daily Eagle, May 30)

IV • PROSECUTION OF WAR CRIMINALS 1. Austria

(a) According to Col. Kaes, a former member of the resistance movement in Austria, Austrian courts generally acquitted war criminals, even when their guilt was proven. The two main political parties were also inclined to grant concessions to nee-Nazis for opportunistic reasons. -10-

He stressed that it did no good to minimiz.e the damage done by neo-Na.zis. Swas­ tikas were daubed on walls~ Jewir;h cemeteries were desecrated~ and there were mee.t­ ings of the ex-members of Hitler's Storm Troops.

(Jewish Chronicle~ May 10)

{b) The brothers Hans and Wilhelm Mauer, who were finally located by the Austrian police in cooperation with the Ludwigsburg cent,ral office, are charged with numerous murders of' Polish Jews in Stanislaw. The two former SS Soha.rfuehrer had lived unmolested in Austria. for 17 years before their name was spelled erroneously Maurer in war erimes lists.

(Westdeutsohe Allgemeine, May 14) (e) It was reported that the Belgian war criminal Robert Jan Verbelen {See April Re­ portsJ page 13) whose extradition as a war criminal had been asked by the German prosecutor and who had become an Austrian citizen many years ago, will probably lose his Austrian citizenship because he had hidden both his SS rank e.s well as his pre­ vious convictions when applying for citizenship. {Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(d) According to members of the Austrian Security Police, Verhalen has been an agent for the u. s. Secret Service and for the Austrian State Police after the war. He is said to have turned over to the Americans material on the extr~me Right.

(Zuerol~Zeitun~, May 11) (e) On May 28 there started in Vienna a trial of five neo-Nazis, e.ccused of desecrat­ ing in June, 1961, the monument to the Austrian resistance fighters, attempting to blow up the building of the Parliament and firing shots at the Parliament. The le~d­ er of the group, Hanslicht, stated that it was a demonstration against the Austrian policies in Upper Addigo.

(Folks-Sztyme, May 31)

2. BelgiUir! In answer to Parliamentary questions about Belgian war orimine.ls hidden abroad, Foreign Minister Spaak had deola.red that the Government had had reliable information for years that the former Rexist leader Leon Desgrelles was in Spain. However, the Spanish Government always found some way not to comply with Belgian demarches toward Desgrell~st extradition. (The questioons came up in connection with the identifica­ tion of Verbelen in Austria.)

(Zuercher Zeitung, May 30) 3. Germany

(a) At the end of April, the trial of a former concentration camp aide of Saohsen­ hausen, SS Obersturmfuehrer Heinrich WesDel, started in Werden .. He is charged with having selected inmates for execution between September 1942 and April 1945 and also with having operated gas chambers.

(Ruhrnaohriohten, April 27) (b) The trial of one collaborator of Eiohmann Otto Hunsohe, a la.wyer, charged with 1 I -11-

having been in eharge of the deportation of 1200 Jews from a Hungarian concentration camp to Auschwitz in July 1944, will start in Frankfurt on June 18.

(Neue Pres!!, May 3) {c) Seven men were arrested in the coure·e of investigations of the shooting of Jews in East European occupied territories. Only three names were made public: SS Ober­ scharfuehrer Krueger, SS Oberscharfuehrer Heinrich Schott, and SS Seharfuehrer Franz Mause. (Neue Ruhrzeitung, May 7)

(d) A Stuttgart court will start on June 18 the trial of the locksmith Kurt Mueller, charged with having participated in the murder of the Jewish businessman Fuersten­ heim, the proprietor of the department store Tietz, during the Crystal Night of 1938.

(Neue Ruhrzeitung, May 9) (e) Albert Filbert, Gerhard Schneider, Boris Struck, Wilhelm Greifi'enberger, Konrad Fiebig, and Heinrich Tunnat went on trial in Berlin on charges of having murdered, as members of 8 1 11,000 Jews near Vilna and Vitebsk. The trial, which was still in progress at the end o£ May, was reported on in great de.tail by the German press. (Die Velt, May 22; Jerusalem Post, May 13, etc.) (f) Recently Arthur Matthes, 60, a former guard of Treblinka, was arrested in Bay­ reuth at the request of a Duesseldorf court.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(g) A trial in Heilbronn resulted in the conviction of SS Fuehrer Rudolf Theimer to ten years of jail and of SS-Hauptscharfuehrer Paul Heilig to 8 years of hard labor. Three Jews, who had been forced, in the spring of 1944, to disinter thousands of Jew­ ish bodies from mass graves near the small concentration camp of Borek, and burn them, testified. One of them, Jozef Reznik, described the mass liquidation of 18,000 Jews while "beautiful music" was being broadcast over a loudspeaker to drown out the shooting. (Frankfurter Neue Presse, May 18)

(h) A court in Hanover again sentenced the former concentration camp guard Albert Layer to seven years at hard labor for manslaughter. Layer had been sentenced to the same prison term before, but the sentence had been repealed and a new trial ordered. Although he was acquitted of some of the charges, the sentence imposed re­ mained the same. (Neue Presse, May 19)

(i) Proceedings against the former Sturmi'uehrer Curt Buchmueiler were stopped before the Chamber of Berlin for lack of evidence. Buchmueller has served 7! years of penitentiary in the Soviet Zone for crimes he committed in 1933. After the finding of the Berlin court, he will probably ask for damages.

(Berliner Morgenpost, May 24)

(j) Wilhelm Strysio was sentenced to five years of imprisonment and Ernst Kubin to three years of imprisonment. The two defendants killed a Jew, Julius Naftali, during tha so-called Crystal Night of 1938. The Prosecutor had asked for life terms, but -12- the court assumed that the killing of the victims was not premeditated, thereby making it manslaughter.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 25)

(k) It will be recalled that there is a German law according to which judges who have taken part in death sentences during the Third Reich as judges or prosecutors., may ask for premature retirement if they so desire and thereby avoid a further in­ vestigation of their past. According to recent reports, only very few judges have taken advantage of this paragraph in most German Laender. For instance~ of 57 judges investigated in Baden-Wuerttemberg who had participated in death sentences~ only 14 so far have asked for premature retirement. The deadline for the paragraph in ques­ tion is June 30, 1962.

(Die Zeit, June 1)

4. USSR Four White Russians were sentenced to death for collaborating with the Nazis and disclosing to the Gestapo the hiding pla.cea of Jewish partisans.

(Unzer Shtime, May 2)

V. MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS

1. Algeria (a) A Jewish physician, Dr. Georges Benoliel ·of Ben Sa£, a small coastal town near Tlemcen, was called by telephone to the sickbed of a Moslem and has disappeared since. It is assumed that he has been kidnapped.

(Zuercher Zeitung, April 30)

(b) Five Moslems were shot to death when they stormed the Jewish quarter in Oran. They crossed into the quarter in a speeding car and started shooting passers-by. Two Jews were wounded.

(New Yc:>rk . Herald Tribune, May 6)

lfhis was the second round of attacks. In the first at least three Jews were seriously wouned and a number of others hurt. In the second round, according to the JTA of May 7, four Jews were seriously wounded and one killed.

According to the Jerusalem Post of May 8, Moslem snipers killed two Jews. Ac­ cording to the JTA of May 8, several Jews were arrested, when security police cor­ doned off the Jewish quarter and a curfew was instituted~?

(c) Several Jews are among a number of persons who have disappeared in the first days of May from Oran and nearby districts. Some are believed to be held as hostages by Moslems, others are feared to have become victims of the OAS.

Six Jews are known to have been kidnapped by Moslems. Only one, a seventeen­ year-old boy,was released after torture. Two kidnapped Jewish merchants have been murdered. -13-

(d) New fighting broke out in the Jewish quarter of Oran; security police believe that OAS commandos are based there. A house-to-house check was instituted and about 50 Jews were detained. Five machine guns and 100 rifles were confiscated. (JTA, May 9)

(e) Moslems killed three Jews and wounded two others within two days. Tw,o Jewish children were killed two days later in Algiers. A number of Jews were "executed" by the OAS for not staying in the country. It is easier for a Jew to obtain OAS permission to go to Israel. If one wishes to go to and he is wealthy, he pays a heavy tax for the permission. The middle-class and poor Jews are generally not permitted to leave. The economic situation is catastrophic: in Oran at least aq% of the Jews lack the funds to leave ~he country.

In Algiers with its 15,000 Jews, religious needs are generally met. (Jewish Chronicle, May 11)

(f) The synagogue at Sidi Mabrouk (outskirts of Constantine) was desecrated and s-acked. (Jerusalem Po~.' May 15) (g) Two Jewish boys, aged six and two, wer& found with their throats -cut. "The police suspect a Moslem maid, who has disappeared.

(Daily Mail, May 15)

(h) 12,000 of the 18.000 Jews of Constantine have left the eity, most of them to go to France. (JTA, May 23)

(i) It is estimated that of the 10,000 persons arriving weekly in France~ at least 2, 000 are Jews •

The exodus was facilitated by a decision of the OAS permitting women, children, and males over 45 to leave the country.,

(Jewish Chronicle, May 25)

(j) Algerian terrorists are taking a heavy toll of Jewish lives as a number of Jews have been kidnapped. Two Jewish businessmen were killed.

Property belonging to Jews continues to be ransacked by FLN supporters. Almost all Jewish-owned shops in the Casbah in Algiers have been destroyed. Now the FLN is directing its attention against Jewish professionals.

(Jewish Chronicle~ May 25) 2. Argentina

The oldest Jewish communal organization._ the Congregacion de la Republica Ar­ gentina, has celebrated its centene.ry.

(Jewish Chronicle, May ll} -14-

3. Belgium A plot has been acquired in the center of Antwerp to build a Jewish community center in memory of the deceased philanthropist Roroy Goldmuentz.

(Israelitisches Wochenblatt1 May 4)

4e Brazil

One of the highest-ranking Jewish officers of the Brazilian arrny1 Aaron Ben­ schimol1 was promoted to Brigadier General, a rank which had been accorded recently to another Jewish officer, Rafael Zipin.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitun€2, May 18)

5. Bulgari!:

(a) The city government of Sofia decided to grant a subsidy of 100,000 levas to erect a monument in memory of the Jews of Sofia who were deported by the Nazis to Poland and who perished there.

(Unzer Shtime, April 30)

(b) 111 delegates from a number of localities assembled recently in Sofia to attend a conference of Jewish social, cultural, and educational organizations.

A number of reports were submitted (the story does not mention the topics) and a telegram was sent to the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, ex­ pressing the determination of Bulgarian Jews to assist in the building of the Com­ munist Society in Bulgaria.

(Folks-Sztyme, May 15) (c) Speaking before the Israel Executive of the WJC, Patriarch Kiril, the head of the Orthodox Church of Bulgaria, declared: 11W.e shall overcome anti-Semitism and work for permanent peace for the whole of mankind." He was welcomed by Dr. G. Riegner of the Wot1ld Jewish Congress, who expressed regret that there are now no links be­ tween the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe and the Jews in the re~t of the world.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung1 May 18) 6. Canada

(a) The first Jews arrived in Winnipeg on May 27, 1882.

(Dos Yiddishe Wort, May 25)

(b) 20,000 Jews of Algeria have submitted requests to various Canadian Embassies, mainly in France, for visas to Canada. It is not likely that Canada will admit many, because the Canadian Government makes difficulties in granting visas to persons with· out a regular occupation and material means.

(Unzer Shtime ,May 9)

(c) In the first three months of 1962, 346 Jews immig1•ated to Canada, compared with 409 in the same period of 1961. From Israel there arrived 115 as against 216 in the first quarter of 1961. (.!Q!, May 2 5 ) -15- (d) Samuel Bronfman, for 25 years President of the Canadian Jewish Congress, has de­ clined nomination for a new term. He will become the first chairman of the newly­ constituted Board of Governors of the Congress.

(IOI, May 25)

1. Congo

600 Jews from the Congo have em~grated tb Belgtum and 70 have settled in Israel. (Jewish Chronicle, May 18)

8. Cuba

(a) Jamaica received over 1,000 Cuban refugees. HIAS spent $200,000 to assist the refugees in resettling. 460 Cuban Jews went to Israel and 41 000 to the USA.

(Unzer Wort, May 19; Jewish _Chronicle,___ ..,...... _ May 18)

(b) Over 1200 Cuban Jews have settled in New York. Some of them have opened sto~es in the Spanish-speaking parts of the city - and uptown Manhattan. Young people have found employment in offices. There is a 100-member section of the Far­ band composed of Cuban Jews.

(Day-Jewish Journ~~' May 29) 9. Czechoslovakia

Dr. Shoshkes reports that in the famous Prague Altneu-Synagogue about 20 people attend Friday night services.

(Day-Jewish Jour~, May 27)

10. France

(a) Grand Rabbi Dr. Jacob Kaplan of France has been made Commander of the French Legion of Honor. (Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(b) In view of the influx of Jews ir.to ~e10RT has established three new vocation­ al training courses in Paris. The students receive the legal wages from the Ministry of Labor. (Unzer Wort, May 11)

(c) In the last years the influence of Communists on the Jewish scene has diminished considerably. Some time ago the Communists dominated Jawish art, the theater and the publishing business. Now only the Naie ~esse remains in their hands.

Of the three Jewish dailies in Paris, the Poale Zion's Unzer Wort (practically a general national Jewish paper) has a circulation of about 12,000 to 15,000; the Communist Naie Presse 4,000 to 6 1 000, and the Bundist Unzer Shtime 2,000 to 3,000. The East European sector of French Jewry represents barely 1/3 of the total. However, the -speaking sector of about 601 000 to 70,000 souls dominates Jew­ ish social life, both in Paris and the provinces.

The deep abyss which existed some time ago between the native French Jews and -16- the East European immigrants has disappeared; the latter now participate equally with the former in all activities.

(Day, May 5) (d) The first synagogue to be built in Paris in 40 years is the new Sephardic Syna­ gogue. There is an important Orthodox synagogue on Pave Street with 700 members; there are four such synagogues in Paris with young rabbis, Chief Rabbi Rubinstein of the Pave synagogue is striving to create an association of Orthodox synagogues ~n France. The oldest synagogue of this kind is the Machzika Hadath, established im­ mediately after the French Hevolution. Recently a new rabbi was appointed; he is of the Lubaviteher "clan."

(Day, May 19)

(e) Representatives of Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant welfare organizations met recently to map out plans for coping with the influx of refugees from Algeria in Lyons. (JTA, May 23) (f) About 120,000 North African Jews are now living in France and most ot them intend to stay there. ( JTA, May 25)

11. Germany

(a) The 13 Jewish Communities in B~varia have a grand total of 3,600 members. It is assumed that about 2,000 Jews are outside the Communities. The annual number of Jew­ ish births is below 10. (Neue Zuercher Zeitung, May 4) (b) On the initiative of the youth group of the Jewish Community of Cologne, tpa first issue of a German-Jewish youth journal~ has made its appearance.

(Allgemeine Wochanzeitung, May 4) (c) According to the East Berlin Deutsche Demokratische Berichta, a number of former collaborators of the Goebbels Propaganda ]filiistry are active in West German newspa­ pers, including some of the best known democratic ones, like Die Walt in Hamburg, Frankfurter Zeitung, Christ und Welt. (Unzer Wort, May 5) (d) Comment on the death of Grand Rabbi Isaak Goldstein continues to be found in many German papers. {See previous Reports, page 21). It will be recalled that Rabbi Goldstein was made the hero of the hour by many neo-Nazi and extremist papers such as the Deutsche Soldatenzaitung, which continues to devote pages and pages to the ease of the 11martyr0 Goldstein. In the meantime the Land Court of Duesseldorf has found for Heinz Galinski and the other Jewish leaders and against Georgette Goldstei~ · Laczko, Rabbi Goldstein's widow and author of his biography, in a verdict which pro­ hibits the distribution of the book because of its libelous statements about Galinski and others. The sentence also gives a short official biography of Goldstein, mention­ ing seven pending suits against the deceased for embezzlement, forgery, bigamy, il­ lag~l assumption of the doctor title, etc. There was also a temporary injunction agaJ.nst the editor-in-chief of the Deutsche Soldatenzeitung which forbids him to continue to circulate libelous statements against Heinz Galinski, Dr. van Dam, Karl -17- Marx, etc. Several liberal papers comment, mostly by attacking the Deutsche Solda­ tenzeitung for trying to profit by its exploitation of the old man's statements.--

(Allgemeine Woohenzeitun~, May 4; Die Zeit, May 16; Vorwaerts, May 16; Deutsche Soldatenzeitung, May 4, 11, 18, etc.) (e) Several non-Jewish papers paid tribute to Karl Marx, ths editor of the Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden on his 65th birthday. After his return to Germany in 1946, he is credited with having done a good deal to overcome mi&understandings between Germany and the new State of Israel and for reconciliation generally. (Bergen Morgenpost, May 8)

(f) The annual Convention of the German Association for Psychotherapy and Depth Psychology, whioh took place in Wiesbaden at the beginning of May, decided to appeal to the German Parliament and to the State Legislatures to establish a working group for research into anti-Semitism and for its prevention. The meeting discussed a poll in Hamburg of 1,000 Germans which had shown that about 5Q% were at least latent anti­ Semites. The Convention agreed that modern anti-semitism had originated in 19th century Germany and tried to evaluate ·the specific appeal of Hit1erite anti-Semitic slogans to young Germans after the end of the First World War. One analysis of the contributing factors seemed to indicate that similar conditions might prevail when­ ever the present West Ger~ boom would end~

(Neue Presse,May 8~ 11). {g) The former Deutschnationale Volkspartei {German-National People's Party) will be reestablished at a conference on June 23 in . The new Party is intended to ap­ peal to the middle classes, especially to former soldiers. It will come out against aid to underdeveloped countries and ask for the 1939 frontiers for Germany. An edi­ torial by Dr. H. G. van Dam recalls that the Party whioh originated after the end of has done much to undermine the Weimar Republic and has prepared the soil for National Socialism. (Allgemeine Wochenzeitun€i,.; May 11) (h) Theodor Oberlaender, former Minister for Refugees, who was dismissed in 1960, filed a suit against the organ of the anti-Nazi resistance fighters, Die Tat, claim­ ing damages in the amount of DM 50,000. The claim is based on the allegation that it was the documents published by Die Tat in 1959, which led to his dismissal from office. (Morning Freiheit, May 20) (1) A meeting in New York of rabbis and employees of the former Jewish communities of' Germany have turned to Chancellor Adenauer with a request for compensation f-or loss of employment, and for pensions. (Westdeutsohe Allgemeine, May 19

(j) Dr. Nahum Goldmann, President of the WJC, was in at the end of May to dis­ cuss final restitution legislation with leading politicians and Cabinet members. He met with Finance Minister Starke, Foreign Minister Schroeder, Defense Minister Strauss' Minister Krone, and the Chairman o.f the Parlimnentary Restitution Commissio1:1 Martin Hirsoh, as well as with Chancellor Adenauer~ -18- During his stay in Germany, Dr. Goldmann also discussed the question of Zionist organization in Germany. (Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 25) (k) The publishers of the booklet, Dr. Hans Globkea Material and Documents, issued in 1961 by Ruetten und Loaning (Hamburg). have withdrawn the vamphlet and have agreed not to republish it ...

(Die Welt, May 25)

(l) The former synagogue of Sandhausen in North Baden was turned into a library which will be one of the most modern in the State. During the ceremonial opening of the library, a memorial tablet commemorating the Jewish victims of Nazism was un­ veiled. Another memorial tablet was unveiled in Hesse in Bergen-Enkheim at the site whefe the synagogue stood which was desfroyed in 1938.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 25) (m) At the suggestion of the Jewish community of Baden, the authorities have had the old Jewish cemetery of Wertheim restored. The cemetery is one of the oldest in Ger­ many, comprising 500 graves, some of which are over 500 years old. One of the stones is dated 1260. The last interment was in 1938.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 25) (n) In Metzingen Dr. Reinhold Maier o£ Tuebingen addressed a group on the meetings between Germans and Israelis which took place so often now when youth groups from both countries visit the other country. He talked about the failure of Christianity which had given rise to anti-Semitism and ~bout the possibility o£ new bridges be­ tween the two people.

(Reutlinger General-Anzeiger, May 26) (o) According to the annual report prepared by the Central Council of Jews in Germany the return of Jews into Germany came to a halt after 1960. From 211 756 Jews in West Germany and West Berlin on April 11 1960, the number increased only to 22,078 on January 1, 1962. As before, it is assumed that there are 8,000 more Jews who cannot be registered statistically, so that there are probably altogether 30,000 Jews in West Germany. There are only 4,832 Jews under 30, but 81 209 from 50-70 and 2,187 over 70. The report, which has been p~epared by Dr. H. van Dam, also reviews resti­ tution and indemnification payments and states that in view of the small number of Jews in Germany, the anti-Semitism that exists now is no longer a Jewish but only a German question.

(Duerener Zeitung, May 31) (p) Four days after the execution of Eichmann, the result of negotiations between Israel and West Germany on restitution for property in Israel originally belonging to the Templars, has been made public. Israel will pay 54 million DM as compensation. (Die Welt, June 6)

(q) An often deplored gap in German literature has been filled by a simply written book titled Pro and Con - Decisions in Germany 1918•1945 ( 11 Fuer und Widern ), Mosaik

Verlag, by Annedore Leber and Freyi"G);aefin von Moltke1 which gives a olear and sober description of the Weimar Republio and its transformation into the Hitler -19- dictatorship. The book, which is intended to serve as a textbook for preparatory schools, also offers a fulldesoription of the spiritual and moral tendencies within the various opposition and resistance groups of the Third Reich.

(Zuercher Zeitung, May 1)

(r) Hoffmann und Campa, the Hamburg publishers, have issued a brochure by Erich Lueth, titled Hamburg's Jews in the Heine Era which describes the fight of the dis­ enfranchised for personal and political freedom. The pamphlet also tells the inter­ esting story of the Jewish community of Hamburg,

(Zuercher Zeitung, May 8)

(s) The Research Institute on the. History of National Socialism in HfJmburg has changed quarters and expanded i+-s work. It has a large collection of books, papers, pA.Illphlets, protocols, etc.. Its Director is Dr. Werner Jochmann, a historian.

(Allgemeine Woche:-.zei tung, May 11)

(t) An exhibition of stamps called "Israel as Seen by Philatelists" took place in Duesseldorf from May 2-10, 1962, and was visited by 7850 people.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(u) A new volume by Hans Ch. 1\f.eyer, titled History e.nd Life of the Jews in Westphalia was published by the Ner Tamid VerlA.g in Frankfurt.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitun{l;, May 18)

(v) X.wo book? by Msndele Mocher S 1 fori m, Fishke, The Cripple, and The Magic Ring, have now been published in German in the Walter Verlag. Very good~views call him a classic of Yiddish literature.

12. Great Britain

(a) In a poll conducted by t~ Dnily Telegr ~ ph among 1,000 adults, the following figures on their attitude toward Jews and Ca~holics emerged:

Very good Good Fairly good Poor Very poo.::. No opinion Toward Jews"lA- 29 32 -r 5 13 11 Catholics 15 31 24 7 6 17

(Day, May 6)

(b) A Jewish golf club that admits non-Jews, including Negroes, as a. protest against anti-Jewish discrimination, was established in London.

(Unzer Wort, Mav 5) --·-- "

(e) The German Ambassador in London, Herr von Etzdorf 1 he.s complained to the Brit·­ ish Television Commission for telecasting a play "C onspirators of the N:i_ght" whose theme is the return of .

(Muenchnor Me 14 k1 'r, May 11) -· ~--- M · -- · - -20-

(d) The British historian Arnold Toynbee was made Honorary Member of the Iraqi Aca­ demy of Science for his attitude in the Palestine question.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 11)

(e) The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of England ~dopted ~motion unanimously calling for accuracy in reporting about Jews and . Its purpose is to combat the lack of knowledge and the ill-informed statements that are some of the causes of anti-Semitism.

(Jewish Chronicle, May 18)

(f) The Church of Scotland's Jewish Mission Committee reported that the ~enturies­ old wall of separation between Jews and Christians was not nearly as strong as it used to be. Christianity is no longer considered the arch enemy of Judaism. It described anti-Semitism as a 11 mysterious and seemingly incurable disease."

(Jewish Chronicle, May 18)

(g) A bill to make discrimination on grounds of race or religion ~ punishable offense was defeated in the 1:1econd reading in the House of Lords ., the Lord Chancellor having expressed opposition. The vote was 41 to 21.

(JTA, May 18)

(h) The annual ~wards established by Dr. W. Feldberg, a German Jewish physiologist now living in London, out of monies received under the German indemnification pro­ gram, have gone this year to Dr. Ullrich of the Free University of Berlin, and to Prof. David Vihitteridge of the University of Edinburgh.

(pie Welt, May 30)

13. Greece

A memorial to the 50,000 Greek Jews killed by the Nazis was unveiled in Saloni­ ka in the presence of A. L. Easterman of the WJC who conveyed a message from Dr. Nahum Goldmann. (Allgemeine Wochenzei tun~-, May 25) 14. Guatemala

(a) The Jewish community of Guatemala has celebrated its lOth anniversary. It has engaged a permanent rabbi, who will also be in charge of the Jewish school and re­ ligious instruction. (Unzer Wort, May 23) (b) The economic position of the about 1000 Jews is good. The community is fighting against assimilation and for the maintenance of Jewishness. The youth is studying Hebrew. Jewish cultural life is centered around the newly-built sports center. Near­ by a kindergarten has been este.blished and a f:l.ne synagogtte to seat 400 is under construction. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 27) 15. Holland

(a) Memoirs by Sefton Delme.r, a close friend of Prince Bernard of the ,.. -21- reeall the SS past of the husband of the Dutch Queen who~ just before marrying Queen Juliana, had been called to task by his SS superior for not having brought in~ in accordance with SS rules, a proof of Aryan descent of his fiancee. The memoirs also pay tribute to Prince Bernard for the loyalty shown to his old SS eomrades, especially his superior Wunderlich, whom he managed to have released after the war when SS members were imprisoned as members of a criminal organization.

(Der Spiegel, May 9)

(b) A memorial to 80,000 who were deported from Amsterdam by the Nazis was dedicated on Dutch Remembrance Day.

(Jewish Chronicle, May 11)

16. Hungary

The diaries of Anne Frank and David Rabinowicz have been published in Hungarian by the Literary Publishing House.

(Morning Freiheit, May 27)

17. International

(a) Recently another Jewish organizational combine was given consultative status by ECOSOC. It is the International Council of Jewish Social and Welfare Ser"ilices which is composed of the JDC, the Central British Fund, Jewish Colonization Association, the Standing Conference on European Jewish Community Services, HIAS, and the World ORT Union. (IOI .• June 1);

(b) The number of immigrants assisted by the United HIAS Service was as follows: 1960 1961 USA 1,211 3,733 Latin America 1,153 942 Australia 569 563 Canada 318 486 Other countries 573 1,432

Total 3,824 7,156

The total Jewish emigration in the years 1955-1961 was as follows:

Years Total emigration To Israel Other Destinations

1955 39,100 36,300 2,800 1956 62,200 54,_900 7,300 1957 88,000 69,700 18,300 1958 33,200 25,900 7,300 1959 27,900 23,000 4,900 1960 27,300 23,500 3,800 1961 53,800 46,600 7,200

Total 331.,500 279,900 51.,600

(Annual Report HIAS, 196;1.) -22-

(c) A conference of the World Council of Synagogues (Conservative rabbis) took place in Jerusalem. Over 1000 persons from various communities in the USA and elsewhere participated. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 30)

.(d) Dr. Abraham I. Katsch of New York University has turned over a Hebrew diary on life in the to an Israel publisher for publication. The diary. whose author is H. A. Kaplan, and which was hidden by Vladislav Voyeok, is in Hebrew. An Eng~ish translation will be published in the u. s.

(Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 25)

18. E:5 According to the Manar, a Jewish chauffeur was detained, together with six others, for distributing Communist leaflets and affixing such "appeals" to walls.

(Unzer Wort, May 2)

19. Israel

The total number of immigrants from USA to Israel in 1961, including temporary residents, was 1,375; the number of Canadian i~nigrants was 221 (135 in 1959); that from Great Britain was 480 (196 came as immigrants and 284 as temporary residents).

(Jerusalem Pos~, May 11)

20. Italy

The first issue of the first Italian Jewish monthly Carriere Israelitioo was published in Trieste on May 1, 1962. (Jewish--- Chronicle,· May 18} 21. Jamaica

N. N. Aschenl1eim, a leader of the local Jewish community, was appointed to the Cabinet of Jamaica as Minister without Portfolio.

(JTA, May 4)

22. Morocco Al Alam, reviewing the "Palestine tragedy," accused .the King of contributing ae­ tively, efficiently, or directly to the :c e infor~ement of Israel by tolerating "col­ lective emigration of Jews from Morocco, which continues in broad daylight."

(Jewish Chronicle, May 18)

23. New Zealand

According to Maurice Rosen, there are Orthodox synagogues in Wellington and Auck• land; recently a Liberal synagogue was established in Auckland.They are open on the Sabbath only and it is difficult to gather a minyan. The High Holidays are the only time of larger attendance. -23- There exists no strong Zionist movement. The most important Jewish organization is the Veterans Association, with a few hundred members. An amateur dramati~ group is in existence •

There is some kind of Sunday School at the synagogues of Wellington and Auoklan~; their main purpose is to prepare boys and girls for bar- and bat-mitzvah. Boys do not know what "tef'illin" are and after bar-mitzvah the young disappear from Jewish life, There are Jewish youth centers in Wellington and Auokland,but they are of little help in maintaining the young generation~~ ~ewishness. Over 6Q7~ of' the mar­ riages are mixed; the majority of those involved are lost to the Jewish community.

(Fo~ard, May 11)

24. Poland

(a) The "Yiddish Book" publishing house plans to issue a number of books in 1962: stories, memoirs, verse, humor, problems of literature and art, bibliography, science of language. The second volume of Ringelbaum and a large volume by Ben Mark concern­ ing the Jewish opposition to Hitlerism in Europe are also planned.

(Morning Freiheit, May 7)

(b) The number of' pupils in the ORT schools is 817.

(Unzer Wort, May 7)

(c) The Social and Cultural Association has decided to erect a Jewish old-age home in Warsaw for an initial contingent of' 100 persons. The old-age home in Lodz is too small and does not correspond to the present conditions.

(Unzer Wort, May 7)

25. Rhodesia The Ashkenazic Community of Salisbury, Southern Rhodesj.a (about 600 families) is planning to build a new synagogue, a communal hall, and a Day School.The existing s chool is only in the kindergarten stage. The Sepha.rdio Community eomprisee about 400 families . (Jewish Chronicle, May 4)

26. Rumania

According to new arrivals from Rumania, there are only three days in the year when Jews may absent themselves from work: Yom Kippur and Rosh Ha!!rhNUle If' one does not come to work on the Sabbath or a Jewish holiday, he loses his job. Religious life is consequently on a low level.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 14)

27. Spain

Of the 31 500 Jews in Spain, about 2/3 (50-50 Ashkenazim and Sephardim) live in Barcelona and 1/3 in Madrid (mostly Sephardim). Most of the Jews belong to the middle and upper-middle class; some are professionals.

There are no rabbis, but Barcelona has a Haham and Madrid a Hazan. -24- There are few mixed marriages. Practically all newborn boys are circumcised. The Community is entirely Zionist; the WIZO Federation in Madrid is fl~urishing.

(Jerusalem Post, May 6)

28. Sweden

(a) Mixed marriages have declined in the last few years to such rua extent that they do not constitute a threat to Judaism. 900 children attend religious instruction. There are 3,500 Jews who do not belong to the Communities, but they also send their children to religious schools.

(Israelitisches Wochenblatt, May 4)

(b) The annual national conference of the Zionist Federation, representing 2,300 members, took place in Stockholm.

The largest organization is the WIZO with 1,500 members. There are 210 members without party affiliation. All traditional Zionist groups and three Jewish clubs are represented in the Federation.

(Jewish Chronicle, May 11)

29. Switzerland

(a) A new Society called "L'Maan Yeruahalayim" was founded on May 6th in Zurich. The Union of Swiss Jewish Communities has recommended that all communities join the Society which intends to bring together all friends of Jerusalem, both Jews and non-Jews • (Allgemeine Wochenzeitung, May 18)

(b) It has been reported that the Swiss banks probably will loosen their traditional secrecy in favor of the survivors of racial and political Nazi persecution. Accord­ ing to a bill now under consideration, all banks will have to report accounts and deposit~ started before May 8, 1945 and whose owners have not come forward since. One does not know how large these funds are, but they are estimated at at least several million Swiss francs. These accounts were usually opened under numbers or aliases so as to keep the Nazi authorities from persecuting the owners.

(Neue Rheinzeitung, May 29)

30. Tunisia

(a) South Tunisia had 4,499 Jews on January 1, 1962; of this number, 1,282 were children aged 4 to 14. They lived in 8 communities, the largest of them being Djer­ ba (1,500); the second largest was Gabes (920).

(Informations, Algiers 1 March-April 1962) (b) A new Lubavitcher Yeshiva was established in Tunisia with an enrollment of 80 students from all parts of the country.

(Unzer Wort, May 16)

(c) About 10,000 Jews have left Tunisia and settled mostly in Paris.

(National Jewish Post and Opinion, May 18) -25-

31. Turkey Elections to the Jewish Communal Councils, in charge of synagogues, cemeteries, social and charitable institutions and communal assets, were held in areas of Istan­ bul. Eligible to vote are all males over 21, who pay the Community tax (Kizbah).

(JTA, May 25) - . 32. Uruguay

The Montevideo Kehillah spends the following amounts annually: t400,000 for education and $60,000 for cultural needs; $120,000 for assistance and medical care; $20,000 for tombstones; $7,200 for old-age homes and orphanages; $25.,000 for local institutions} $60,000 for religious needs; $60,000 for aliyah; $18,000 for youth camps and an equal sum for the United Israel CampaignJ $50,000 for the maintenance of Kehillah buildings and cemeteries.

(Di Yiddishe Zeitung, April 3)

33. USA / (a) Conventions:

1) The 33rd annual convention of the Jewish Men's Clubs took place in Kiamesha Lake on May 1. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 3)

2) The 55th annual convention of the American Jewish Committee took place in New York on May 3/4. (Forward, May 4)

3) The annual meeting of the directorate of the Jewish National Fund which took place on May 3rd in New York, reelected Albert Schiff President. $17 million was collected from testaments and left to the Fund for special projects.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 4)

4) The national convention of the Arbeter Ring took place in Atlantic City on May 4. (Forward, May 5)

5) At the annual meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Council of Jewish Women, it was stated that there was a need to fight against discrimination and increase the educational standard in slum areas.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 15)

6) The triennial convention of B'nai B'rith, attended by over 1.,200 delegates, took place in New York. (New York Times, May 13)

7) The first national conference of Torah Hinnuch took place in Rockaway Park on May 20. It was decided to establish a national association of all religious camps.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 21 and 22) -26-

8) The annual convention of the of America took place in Kiamesha Lake on May 21. Plans were made to establish 100 more Conservative Day Schools in the next ten years.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 22; New York Times, May 24) 9) The convention of Yeshiva principals# held in Ferndale, expressed anxiety over the lack of teachers for the . It was decided to establish a teachers' seminary by the end of the year.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 27)

10) The 20th annual convention of the American Jewish Press Association, at­ tended by over 60 publishers and editors of leading Anglo-Jewish weeklies,took place ln New York.

(b) The 20th annual convention of the educational section of the Arbeter Ring de­ manded that Yiddish should, in time, become part, along with other languages, of the high school curriculum. A report about 800 parents of children in the Arbeter Ring schools showed that 69% of the children l1ave both parents and 16% one parent, born in the USA; 16% come from homes where both parents came from Europe. (Forward_, May 1 and 4)

(c) The Jewish Welfare Board's Community Centers now have 700,000 members. They have built or are in the process of constructing 80 new Center buildings, serve 200,000 children, 130,000 teen-agers and young adults, and nearly 350,000 adults. (JWB Circle, May, 1962)

(d) The 62nd anniversary convention. Qf the Workm~n's Circle, a Jewish labor fraternal order, was told it had over 100 schools and centers. A survey of 86 schools re­ vealed that 69% of the pupils come from homes where beth parents are American born; 25% of the fathers and 39% of the mothers had no Jewish education.

(JT~, May 8)

(e ) In the State of New York 275,308 foreign-born persons gave Yiddish as their mother tongue in the 1960 census; of this number, 254,262 were in the city of New York.

In Illinois the number was 25,979 (23,122 in Chicago); in Missouri 41 778, and in Indiana 1 1 130. In the whole of the United States, except California, (for which no data are available as yet), 471,000 foreign-born persons gave Yiddish as their mother tongue; the figure in 1940 was 924,000.

Of the total in , 132 ; 853 live in Brooklyn, 68,353 in the Bronx, 27,776 in Manhattan.

(f"orward, May 3) (f) According to the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds, 74 large, middle-size, and small cities (not including New York) raised over $78 million in -27-

1961. The total for 215 eities was $124 million. (JTA, May 3; New York Times, May 6)

(g) A survey conducted in Detroit revealed that most of the Orthodox Jews are· em­ ployed by someone else and most of the Conservative and Reform Jews are self-employed The figures for the three denominations aret

Orthodox Conservative Reform Self-employed 35% 57% 55% Professional 14% 16% 3<1/o Managerial 2Wo 42% 35% White collar 2o% 68% 3C1'/o Blue collar 37% 24% 5% About one-half of the Jews of Detroit belong to synagogues.

(h) The American Council of Judaism claims a membership of 15,000.

(Dny-J~wish Journal, May 15)

(i) According to Samuel Teitelbaum, over 2,000 persons are converted annually to Judaism. Most of them adopt Judaism. beoauoe they marry Jews; some others because they seek an "emotion-filled spiritual experience."

(National Jewish Post~nd Opinion, May 18)

(j) According to the Council of Jewi sh Federations and Welfare Funds, Jewish commu­ nity campaigns are regiaterinb, so far, an average 18% increase over 1961.

( JTA, May 18)

(k) The Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University received a gift of a 120-aore estate from Mr. and Mrs. Max L. Friedman as a scientific and biological field station. (JTA,- May 18) (1) New York University, as the first non-sectarian institution of higher learning, has established a center of Hebre~ learning - the Institute of Hebrew Studies.

(New York Times, May 20)

(m) In Philadelphia some of the Orthodox communal elementary schools have been ex­ periencing persistent losses in enrollment while congregational elementary schools have been expanding. Of the 22,000 Philadelphia children attending Jewish elementary schools, 20,000 were in congregational schools. (JTA, May 24)

(n) The Roosevelt University (Chic~o) runnounced the establishment of a chair of Jewish Culture and Literature, to be opened next fall. (JTA,- May 24) -28-

(o) The total enrollment in all types of Jewish schools (Day, Sunday, and afternoon) is over 550,000. Of this number, about 55 1 000 attend Day Schools. (New York Times, May 24)

(p) At the invitation of the Histadruth Ivrith, representatives of eighteen Jewish organizations met in New York to consider the establishment of a National Council of Hebrew Culture. A study committee of seven was appoi~ted.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 25)

(q) According to findings of the , anti-Jewish discriminatio1 has largely disappeared against Jewish engineers, researchers, and economists in major industries. Discriminatory barriers, to a very large degree, still exist against the employment of Jews in upper management and policy-making positions.

(New York Times, May 31)

34. USSR (a) A Jewish woman bookkeeper in the port of Tallin {Estonia) was sentenced to death for stealing 50,000 rubles. The non-Jewish chief cashier of the port, who was tried together with the Jewish bookkeeper, received a ten-year pr.ison term.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 1)

(b) Twenty Jews were awarded the Lenin Prize for 1962. Among them were physicists, architects, a musician, a sculptor (for a Karl Marx monument) etc.

(Jewish Chronicle, May 4)

(c) The Feast of Passover was celebrated in with enthusiasm and on an un­ precedented scale. The streets around the Great Synagogue were packed with tens of thousands of Jews for Yizkor. Among them was a large number of young people. Crowds also overflowed the Marina Rustsha Synagogue.

According to one of the tourists who described these events, only one out of a number of Jews he spoke to, said he had matzot.

(Jewish Chronicle, May 4)

(d) A letter by five prominent Jews in the Soviet Union denying the existence of anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union was distributed to various papers by a Soviet news agency. (Morning Freiheit, May 4)

(e) Prof. Leon Shabbat, a leading Soviet Jewish cancer specialist, was appointed or­ ganizer of the Eighth International Cancer Congress that is to take place in Moscow this summer. (Morning Freiheit, May 6)

(f) Of the 18,000 physicians in Moscow, 10,000 are Russians, Ukrainians, and White Russians, and 6 1 199 are Jews, accordi.ng to statistics published in the Soviet Medi• cal Journal. (pnz e r Wori?_, May 8 )

(g) Ten Yiddish records have been issued by the Soviet Composer, a record-producing -29- house. (Folks-Sztyme, May 12)

(h) Of 15 people executed for economic crimes since last summer, 10 were Jews. Of 10 people executed last March and April, 3 were Jews.

(Daily Telegraph, May 15)

(i) Among the Jews of Samarkand, Saturday not Sunday is the day of rest for many. Shops are frequently closed. No work, including cooking, is done. Kosher slaughter is practiced. Parents teach their children religion and have them attend prayers and observe rituals. Some children even kiss the mezuzza~

(Jerusalem Post, May 15) (j) The Israeli violinist, Shmuel Ashkenazi, who was recently in , claims that 50% to Go% of the participants in the Tchaikowski musical competition were Jews. In Georgia., Baku, Tiflis he spoke Hebrew with Jews on the street; the local Jews speak Hebrew at home.

(Day-Jewish Journal, May 15)

(k) A volume of stories by I. L. Peretz has been published in an additional

95 1 000 copies. (Folks-Sztyme, May 15)

(1) A Soviet Jew, Alexander Ridnik, was given a seven-year prison sentence for mail­ ing Soviet postage stamps in exchange for foreign stamps which he sold at regular prices. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 15)

(m) A soiree of songs by Nechama Lipschitz took place in Grodno.

(Folks-Sztyme, May 22) (n) According to the French labor newspaper, La Verite de France, the Gentile work­ ers of the port of Odessa went on strike to proteSt;the persecution of two Jewish laborers there • (Day-Jewish Journal, May 23) (o) A soiree of music for a gifted young Yiddish singer, Klementina Shermeli, was arranged recently in Moscow.

(Morning Freiheit, May 27)

(p) The three "Ukrainians'1 condemned to death for illegal dealings in apples, are Jews. (Day-Jewish Journal, May 31)

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