1 AMPHIBIA: ANURA: CRAUGASTORIDAE Craugastor stadelmani

Catalogue of American and Reptiles 918.

McCranie, J. R. 2018. Craugastor stadelmani.

Craugastor stadelmani (Schmidt) North-Central Honduran Montane Streamside

Eleutherodactylus milesi: Schmidt 1933:19 (in part). Eleutherodactylus stadelmani Schmidt Figure 1. Adult female of Craugastor stadel- 1936:44 “from Portillo Grande, Yoro, Hon- mani from 2.5 airline km NNE of La Fortuna, duras, at 4800 feet altitude.” Holotype, Mu- northwestern Yoro, Honduras. Photograph taken seum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard by James R. McCranie on 8 April 2010. University (MCZ) 21290, an adult female, collected by Raymond E. Stadelman on 28 May 1934 (examined by author). deviation] = 40.9 mm [± 4.9 mm]). Descrip- Eleutherodactylus milesi / Population System: tion based on composite of 16 males and 17 McCranie et al. 1989:487 (in part). females from the states of Olancho and Yoro, Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor) stadelmani: Honduras. The head is moderately long and Lynch 2000:150. broad (head length/SVL in adult males = Eleutherodactylus “milesi”: Espinal et al. 0.377–0.433, in adult females = 0.390–0.437; 2001:105. head width/SVL in adult males = 0.381–0.420, Craugastor stadelmani: Savage 2002:551. By in adult females = 0.391–0.417). The snout is implication. nearly rounded to rounded in dorsal aspect Craugastor stadelmani: Frost et al. 2006:360. and rounded to nearly vertical in lateral pro- First use of combination in print. file. The top of the head is flat. The canthal Craugastor (Campbellius) stadelmani: Hedges ridges are angular and the loreal regions are et al. 2008:34. concave. The upper lips are not flared, except in some large females. The nostrils are direct- CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. ed posterolaterally and are situated at a point slightly less than two-thirds the distance be- DESCRIPTION. Craugastor stadelmani is a tween the anterior borders of the eyes (inter- moderately small species of Craugastor (for orbital distance/eye length in males = 0.587– specimens from the state of Olancho, Hon- 0.829, in females = 0.686–0.848) and the tip duras: in ten adult males, snout-vent length of the snout. Cranial crests are absent. The [SVL] range = 27.3–31.6 mm, mean [stan- upper eyelids are prominent (eyelid width/in- dard deviation] = 29.5 mm [± 1.3 mm]; in ten terorbital distance in males = 1.034–1.240, in adult females, SVL range = 35.4–41.5 mm, females = 1.026–1.222). Tympana are usually mean [standard deviation] = 38.4 mm [± 1.6 not visible externally; rarely the tympana are mm]; for specimens from the state of Yoro, barely visible externally in males. Honduras: in six adult males, SVL range = The upper arms are slightly more slen- 29.1–33.1 mm, mean [standard deviation] = der than the moderately robust forearms. A 31.2 mm [± 1.6 mm]; in seven adult females, transverse dermal fold is absent or weakly de- SVL range = 33.2–47.4 mm, mean [standard veloped on the upper surfaces of the wrists. 2

Map. Distribution of Craugastor stadelmani. The open circle marks the type locality, the closed circles represent other localities (specimens examined by author), and the open square represents a literature record (specimen not examined by author; see Holm and Cruz D. 1994).

No vertical dermal folds are present along on each hand is suboval, elevated, and visible the elbows. Tubercles are usually absent, or from above. Each prepollex is not enlarged, tubercles occasionally arranged in an irreg- but nuptial thumb pads bearing granular, ular series along the posterior ventrolateral colorless nuptial excresences are present in edges of the forearms, but tubercles not de- adult males. Relative length of the fingers is veloped into a dermal ridge. The finger discs I

Hutchins et al. 2003; Köhler 2011; Lynch many species of frogs, especially those of the 1965, 2000; Lynch and Duellman 1997; Mc- Craugastor milesi and Craugastor rugulosus Cranie 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015; McCranie species groups in Honduras (see Whitfield et and Castañeda 2007; McCranie and Wilson al. 2016 for a recent review of what is known 1999, 2002; McCranie et al. 1989, 2006; Mey- about that fungus in northern Central Amer- er 1969; Meyer and Wilson 1971; Padial et al. ican frogs, including those in Honduras; also 2014; Solís et al. 2014; Townsend and Wilson see references cited in that work). However, 2010, 2016; Wilson and Johnson 2010; Wil- the single Craugastor stadelmani tested to son and Townsend 2006, 2010; Wilson et al. date for that fungus returned negative results 2001; Zhao et al. 1998), comparisons to new (Gutsche et al. 2015). species (McCranie and Wilson 1997; Savage Craugastor stadelmani has been classified 2001), conservation status (Johnson et al. as a species of high vulnerability, threatened, 2015; McCranie and Wilson 2004; Mitchell or declining in the publications listed above 2017; Stuart et al. 2008; Townsend et al. 2012; in Pertinent Literature under conservation Wilson and McCranie 2003, 2004a, 2004b; status. Fortunately, along a small stream at a Wilson and Townsend 2006, 2010), identifi- slightly higher elevation (1690 m) in the vi- cation keys (McCranie and Castañeda 2007; cinity of the northwestern Yoro locality previ- McCranie and Wilson 1997, 2002), taxono- ously mentioned, two Craugastor stadelmani my, systematics, and phylogenetics (Frost et were seen in the afternoon and the night of al. 2006; Lynch 2000; Padial et al. 2014), and 8 April 2010 (based on adult sizes, both ap- type specimen lists (Barbour and Loveridge peared to be females; personal observations 1946; Marx 1958). by the author). Those observations (see Mc- Cranie et al. 2010) were even more encour- REMARKS. Craugastor stadelmani was a aging because, although mostly searching common frog along a small stream in north- arboreal habitats, the author had previously western Yoro in July–August of 1991 and worked along that small stream in Septem- 1993. A return trip to the same stream was ber 2003 (see Castañeda and McCranie 2011) made in July 1995, and despite four days and without seeing any Craugastor. Therefore, it is four nights of searching, no Craugastor sta- possible that Craugastor stadelmani has natu- delmani were seen (personal observations by rally populated or repopulated that stream in the author). McCranie and Wilson (2002:440) recent years. A short description of the vege- wrote “Given that all streamside Eleuthero- tation and brief statements regarding that site dactylus [= Craugastor] from about 900 m were published by Castañeda and McCranie elevation and higher apparently have dis- (2011). appeared recently from these habitats (even However, despite the recent and encour- at still pristine localities) in Honduras, it is aging discoveries, this author remains of the possible that [Craugastor] stadelmani may opinion that Craugastor stadelmani is a se- be extinct.” Despite this premature statement riously threatened species with little chance (see below), there are serious and undeniable of long-term survival unless the Honduran problems challenging the long-term surviv- Government takes some drastic steps to stop al of Craugastor stadelmani and many other the ongoing, out-of-hand habitat devastation frogs occurring in Honduras. These problems currently occurring throughout the country. are apparently the direct result of the relent- less and expanding habitat destruction of the ADDITIONAL VERNACULAR NAMES. Honduran forests. The chytrid fungus Batra- “Ranita de Arroyo de la Montaña Norcentro” chochytrium dendrobatidis is hypothesized to was used by McCranie and Castañeda (2007), also be contributing to survival problems for which is a Spanish equivalent of the English 6 vernacular name suggested herein. “Stadel- 1974; Lynch and Fugler 1965; McCranie et al. man’s Patterlove” was provided by Mitchell 1989; Meyer 1969; Meyer and Wilson 1971; (2017); "Stadelman's Coqui" was given by Savage 1975; Schmidt 1933). Beolens et al. (2013). The suggestion thatCraugastor Cope might be available as a subgenus or genus ETYMOLOGY. The namestadelmani is a name for the complex of frogs containing the patronym for Raymond E. Stadelman who subsequently described Craugastor stadelma- collected the holotype of Craugastor stadel- ni (Lynch’s Eleutherodactylus rugulosus group) mani in 1934 (Schmidt 1936). Stadelman was made by Lynch (1986, 1993). Craugastor was a naturalist employed by the Museum stadelmani was listed as belonging to the sub- of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Univer- genus Craugastor by Lynch (2000). The use of sity at the time he collected that holotype. Craugastor as a genus name was advocated by Schmidt (1936:43) reported that the Stadel- Savage (2002), but Craugastor was continued man MCZ Honduran collections contained to be used as a subgenus of Eleutherodactylus “no less than ten new forms.” by Crawford and Smith (2005). The subgenus name Campbellius was erected for the group COMMENTS. Craugastor stadelmani was of frogs containing Craugastor stadelmani by placed in the synonymy of Craugastor milesi Hedges et al. (2008); however, several errors (both as Eleutherodactylus) by Lynch (1965) occur in their literature-based morphological and Lynch and Fugler (1965). An attempt to description of that subgenus. The speculation recognize Craugastor stadelmani as a valid that the subgenus Campbellius “will ultimate- species was made by Campbell (1994). This ly be considered” a genus was made by Padial was an important decision, however, the con- et al. (2014). However, that bold speculation cept of Craugastor stadelmani sensu Campbell was based solely on genetic data available (1994) was instead a complex of two species, from only two of the 13 species included in Craugastor stadelmani and Craugastor fecun- that subgenus by Padial et al. (2014). dus (see McCranie 2018). The character states of lateral keels ver- LITERATURE CITED sus lateral fleshy fringes on the unwebbed Anonymous. 2016. Herpetofaunal list for Me- portions of the toes were confused by Savage soamerica. Mesoamerican Herpetology (2001) in several species of Craugastor of the (http://www.mesoamericanherpetology. Craugastor milesi species group described by com/taxonomic-list.html; last assessed McCranie and Wilson (1997). However, the 5 May 2017). Archived by WebCite at confusion introduced by Savage (2001) re- http://www.webcitation.org/6xPf7XAXh sulted from data he collected during his work on 21 February 2018. as an author on the McCranie et al. (1989) Barbour, T. and A. Loveridge. 1946. First manuscript. The fact that the species and supplement to typical reptiles and am- specimens in question were still considered phibians. Bulletin of the Museum of as part of species complexes in 1989 should Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College have been recognized subsequently by Savage 96:59–214. (2001). Beolens, B., M. Watkins, and M. Grayson. Craugastor stadelmani (as Eleutherodac- 2013. The Eponym Dictionary of Am- tylus) was identified as Craugastor milesi in phibians. 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