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FAMILY Anostomidae Günther, 1864 - anostomids, headstanders [=Anostomatina, Pithecocharacinae, Leporellinae, Leporininae] GENUS Abramites Fowler, 1906 - headstanders Species Abramites eques (Steindachner, 1878) - Magdalena headstander Species Abramites hypselonotus (Günther, 1868) - marbled headstander [=microcephalus, nigripinnis, solarii, ternetzi] GENUS Anostomoides Pellegrin, 1909 - anostomids Species Anostomoides atrianalis Pellegrin, 1908 - atrianalis anostomid Species Anostomoides laticeps (Eigenmann, 1912) - Crab Falls anostomid Species Anostomoides passionis Santos & Zuanon, 2006 - Xingu anostomid GENUS Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 - anostomus, headstanders [=Anostomus C, Histiodromus, Mormyrhynchus, Pithecocharax] Species Anostomus anostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) - striped anastomus, striped headstander [=gronoveii, gronovii S, gronovii M, salmoneus] Species Anostomus brevior Géry, 1961 - Camopi anostomus Species Anostomus longus Géry, 1961 - Concordia anostomus Species Anostomus ternetzi Fernández-Yépez, 1949 - Ternetz's anostomus GENUS Gnathodolus Myers, 1927 - headstanders Species Gnathodolus bidens Myers, 1927 - Casquiare headstander GENUS Hypomasticus Borodin, 1929 - headstanders Species Hypomasticus despaxi (Puyo, 1943) - Marouni headstander Species Hypomasticus julii (Santos et al., 1996) - Santos' Xingu headstander Species Hypomasticus lineomaculatus Birindelli et al., 2013 - Para headstander Species Hypomasticus megalepis (Gunther, 1863) - Essequibo headstander Species Hypomasticus mormyrops (Steindachner, 1875) - Parahyba headstander Species Hypomasticus pachycheilus (Britski, 1976) - Aripuana headstander Species Hypomasticus thayeri (Borodin, 1929) - Thayer's headstander GENUS Laemolyta Cope, 1872 - headstanders [=Schizodontopsis] Species Laemolyta fasciata Pearson, 1924 - Rogoagua headstander [=pearsoni] Species Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950 - Fernandez's headstander [=petiti] Species Laemolyta garmani (Borodin, 1931) - Saraca headstander [=macra] Species Laemolyta orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879) - Bolivar headstander Species Laemolyta proxima (Garman, 1890) - proxima headstander [=nitens, varius] Species Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858) - Guapore headstander GENUS Leporellus Lütken, 1875 - headstanders [=Leporinodus] Species Leporellus pictus (Kner, 1858) - Orissanga headstander [=cartledgei, maculifrons, timbore] Species Leporellus retropinnis (Eigenmann, 1922) - Piracicaba headstander Species Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - vittatus headstander [=cagoara, sexdentatus] GENUS Leporinus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - leporinus [=Leporinops, Myocharax] Species Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes, 1837) - Valenciennes' leporinus Species Leporinus affinis Gunther, 1864 - Capim leporinus Species Leporinus agassizii Steindachner, 1876 - Agassizi's leporinus [=semivittatus] Species Leporinus altipinnis Borodin, 1929 - Jatuarana leporinus [=falcipinnis] Species Leporinus amae Godoy, 1980 - Apuae leporinus Species Leporinus amazonicus Santos & Zuanon, 2008 - Catalao leporinus Species Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987 - Tiete leporinus Species Leporinus apollo Sidlauskas et al., 2011 - Suriname leporinus Species Leporinus arcus Eigenmann, 1912 - lipstick leporinus Species Leporinus arimaspi Burns et al., 2014 - Burns' leporinus Species Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos, 1992 - Aripuana leporinus [=aripuanaensis GS 112] Species Leporinus badueli Puyo, 1948 - Mana leporinus Species Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner, 1875 - Bahia leporinus Species Leporinus bimaculatus Castelnau, 1855 - Tocantins leporinus Species Leporinus bistriatus Britski, 1997 - Itacaiunas leporinus Species Leporinus bleheri Géry, 1999 - Verde leporinus Species Leporinus boehlkei Garavello, 1988 - Meta leporinus Species Leporinus britskii Feitosa et al., 2011 - Jamanxim leporinus Species Leporinus brunneus Myers, 1950 - Negro leporinus Species Leporinus copelandii Steindachner, 1875 - Copeland's leporinus Species Leporinus cylindriformis Borodin, 1929 - Borodin's leporinus Species Leporinus desmotes Fowler, 1914 - Rupununi leporinus Species Leporinus ecuadorensis Eigenmann & Henn, 1916 - Barranca leporinus Species Leporinus enyae Burns et al., 2017 - Rio Iguapo leporinus Species Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794) - banded leporinus [=altipinnis, holostictus, novemfasciatus] Species Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) - threespot leporinus Species Leporinus geminis Garavello & Santos, 2009 - gemini leporinus Species Leporinus gomesi Garavello & Santos, 1981 - Gomes' leporinus [=gomesi G 1990] Species Leporinus gossei Géry et al., 1991 - Gosse's leporinus Species Leporinus granti Eigenmann, 1912 - Grant's leporinus Species Leporinus guttatus Birindelli & Britski, 2009 - Birindelli's Xingu leporinus Species Leporinus jamesi Garman, 1929 - James' leporinus Species Leporinus jatuncochi Ovchynnyk, 1971 - Napo leporinus Species Leporinus klausewitzi Géry, 1960 - Mundurucu leporinus Species Leporinus lacustris Amaral Campos, 1945 - Pirassununga leporinus Species Leporinus lebaili Géry & Planquette, 1983 - Maroni leporinus Species Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - La Mana leporinus Species Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel, 1844 - spotted leporinus [=alternus, paralternus, pellegrinii] Species Leporinus marcgravii Lütken, 1875 - Velhas leporinus Species Leporinus melanopleura Günther, 1864 - spottail leporinus Species Leporinus melanopleurodes Birindelli et al., 2013 - Pecanha leporinus Species Leporinus melanostictus Norman, 1926 - Approuague leporinus Species Leporinus microphthalmus Garavello, 1989 - Araguari leporinus Species Leporinus microphysus Birindelli & Britski, 2013 - Amapa leporinus Species Leporinus moralesi Fowler, 1942 - Morales' leporinus [=muelleri, uatumaensis] Species Leporinus multifasciatus Cope, 1878 - manybanded leporinus Species Leporinus multimaculatus Birindelli et al., 2016 - Mato Grosso leporinus Species Leporinus nattereri Steindachner, 1876 - Aleixo leporinus Species Leporinus niceforoi Fowler, 1943 - Orteguasa leporinus Species Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - halfline leporinus [=margaritaceus] Species Leporinus nijsseni Garavello, 1990 - Nijssen's leporinus Species Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner, 1915 - Cubata leporinus Species Leporinus octomaculatus Britski & Garavello, 1993 - Arinos leporinus Species Leporinus ortomaculatus Garavello, 2000 - Surumu leporinus Species Leporinus pachyurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - pachyurus leporinus Species Leporinus parae Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907 - Eigenmann's Para leporinus Species Leporinus paranensis Garavello & Britski, 1987 - Marimbondo leporinus Species Leporinus parvulus Birindelli et al., 2013 - Birindelli's Para leporinus Species Leporinus pearsoni Fowler, 1940 - Pearson's leporinus Species Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941 - Salgade leporinus Species Leporinus pitingai Santos & Jegu, 1996 - Pitinga leporinus Species Leporinus punctatus Garavello, 2000 - Garavello's leporinus Species Leporinus reticulatus Britski & Garavello, 1993 - Britski's Arinos leporinus Species Leporinus santosi Britski & Birindelli, 2013 - Itacaiunas leporinus Species Leporinus sexstriatus Britski & Garavello, 1980 - Papagaio leporinus Species Leporinus spilopleura Norman, 1926 - Oyapock leporinus Species Leporinus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1907 - Arassuahy leporinus Species Leporinus steyermarki Inger, 1956 - Abacapa leporinus Species Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 - Irisanga leporinus [=tiririca] Species Leporinus subniger Fowler, 1943 - Orteguasa leporinus Species Leporinus taeniatus Lütken, 1875 - Lutken's leporinus Species Leporinus taeniofasciatus Britski, 1997 - Maranhao leporinus Species Leporinus tigrinus Borodin, 1929 - Goias leporinus Species Leporinus torrenticola Birindelli et al., 2016 - Para leporinus Species Leporinus trimaculatus Garavello & Santos, 1992 - Aripuana leporinus Species Leporinus tristriatus Birinelli & Britski, 2013 - Peixoto leporinus Species Leporinus unitaeniatus Garavello & Santos, 2009 - Garavello's Araguaia leporinus Species Leporinus vanzoi Britski & Garavello, 2005 - Tapajosm leporinus Species Leporinus venerei Britski & Birindelli, 2008 - Fazenda leporinus Species Leporinus villasboasorum Burns et al., 2017 - Culuene leporinus Species Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann, 1922 - Barrogpm leporinus GENUS Megaleporinus Ramirez et al., 2017 - headstanders Species Megaleporinus brinco (Birindelli et al., 2013) - Itajiba headstander Species Megaleporinus conirostris (Steindachner, 1875) - Parahyba headstander Species Megaleporinus elongatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - elongate headstander [=breviceps, crassilabris] Species Megaleporinus garmani (Borodin, 1929) - Arassuachy headstander Species Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) - Rio Cuiaba headstander Species Megaleporinus muyscorum (Steindachner, 1900) - Rio Labrija headstander Species Megaleporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837) - Argentine headstander [=aquapeiensis, boops, silvestrii, undecimradiatus] Species Megaleporinus piavussu (Britski et al., 2012) - Rio Mogi Guacu headstander Species Megaleporinus reinhardti (Lutken, 1875) - Reinhardt's headstander Species Megaleporinus trifasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) - Tefe headstander [=wolfei] GENUS Petulanos Sidlauskas & Vari, 2008 - headstanders Species Petulanos intermedius (Winterbottom, 1980) - intermediate headstander Species Petulanos plicatus (Eigenmann, 1912) - plicatus
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  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Neotropical Fish Genus

    Molecular Phylogeny of the Neotropical Fish Genus

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 709–717 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical fish genus Tetragonopterus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) q ⇑ Bruno F. Melo a, , Ricardo C. Benine b, Gabriel S.C. Silva a, Gleisy S. Avelino a, Claudio Oliveira a a Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil b Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Tetragonopterinae encompasses characid species of the genus Tetragonopterus, which are widely Received 3 September 2015 distributed throughout east of the Andes in South America. While taxonomy has recently clarified the Revised 14 October 2015 species diversity and molecular evidence strongly supports the monophyly of Tetragonopterus, no inter- Accepted 19 October 2015 specific relationship studies are currently available. Here we used a large molecular dataset composed of Available online 2 November 2015 two mitochondrial and three nuclear loci containing an extensive taxon sampling within the family Characidae and included eleven species of Tetragonopterus to generate the first time-calibrated phylogeny Keywords: for Tetragonopterinae. Our results support monophyly of the subfamily represented solely by Amazon Tetragonopterus and corroborate previous molecular hypothesis of close relationship with Exodon plus Freshwater fishes Historical biogeography Roeboexodon and the subfamily Characinae. Internally, we found Moenkhausia georgiae as sister species Multilocus analysis to all remaining species followed by T. rarus, being both species endemic to the Guiana Shield drainages. Tetragonopterinae Species-level relationships are first hypothesized and putative morphological apomorphies are discussed as support to monophyletic clades.
  • Black Sea Red Data Book

    Black Sea Red Data Book

    The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publishers concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities or concerning the frontiers of any country or territory. The opinions expressed in this publicaton are those of the individual writers and do not necessarily represent the views of the GEF, UNDP or UNOPS. Copyright © 1999. Published by the United Nations Office for Project Services in the context of a project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the Publisher. BLACK SEA RED DATA BOOK Edited by Henri J. Dumont (Ghent, Belgium) Website Editor: V.O. Mamaev (Istanbul, Turkey) Scientific Coordinator: Y.P. Zaitsev (Odessa, Ukraine) EDITOR'S PREFACE This "paper form" of the Black Sea Red Data book is not an exact copy of its predecessor, the Black Sea Red Data web site. In addition to polishing the language and style, I added a number of illustrations, and some distribution maps were also redrawn. Contentwise, I was struck by the high level of commitment of the numerous scientists associated with this project. Inevitably, there were differences in approach and in the level of thoroughness between contributions. By far the most detailed species sheets were those contributed by the ornithologists, while some of the most synthetic ones were found among the botanical entries.
  • Unrestricted Species

    Unrestricted Species

    UNRESTRICTED SPECIES Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes) Atheriniformes (Silversides) Scientific Name Common Name Bedotia geayi Madagascar Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani Boeseman's Rainbowfish Melanotaenia maylandi Maryland's Rainbowfish Melanotaenia splendida Eastern Rainbow Fish Beloniformes (Needlefishes) Scientific Name Common Name Dermogenys pusilla Wrestling Halfbeak Characiformes (Piranhas, Leporins, Piranhas) Scientific Name Common Name Abramites hypselonotus Highbacked Headstander Acestrorhynchus falcatus Red Tail Freshwater Barracuda Acestrorhynchus falcirostris Yellow Tail Freshwater Barracuda Anostomus anostomus Striped Headstander Anostomus spiloclistron False Three Spotted Anostomus Anostomus ternetzi Ternetz's Anostomus Anostomus varius Checkerboard Anostomus Astyanax mexicanus Blind Cave Tetra Boulengerella maculata Spotted Pike Characin Carnegiella strigata Marbled Hatchetfish Chalceus macrolepidotus Pink-Tailed Chalceus Charax condei Small-scaled Glass Tetra Charax gibbosus Glass Headstander Chilodus punctatus Spotted Headstander Distichodus notospilus Red-finned Distichodus Distichodus sexfasciatus Six-banded Distichodus Exodon paradoxus Bucktoothed Tetra Gasteropelecus sternicla Common Hatchetfish Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Black Skirt Tetra Hasemania nana Silver-tipped Tetra Hemigrammus erythrozonus Glowlight Tetra Hemigrammus ocellifer Head and Tail Light Tetra Hemigrammus pulcher Pretty Tetra Hemigrammus rhodostomus Rummy Nose Tetra *Except if listed on: IUCN Red List (Endangered, Critically Endangered, or Extinct
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the South American Fish Family

    Phylogenetic Relationships Within the South American Fish Family

    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 154, 70–210. With 53 figures Phylogenetic relationships within the South American fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes) BRIAN L. SIDLAUSKAS1–4* and RICHARD P. VARI FLS4 1Committee on Evolutionary Biology & University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th St., Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 2Division of Fishes, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 3National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, 2024 W. Main St. A200, Durham, NC 27705, USA 4Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Received 17 September 2007; accepted for publication 17 September 2007 Analysis of a morphological dataset containing 152 parsimony-informative characters yielded the first phylogenetic reconstruction spanning the South American characiform family Anostomidae. The reconstruction included 46 ingroup species representing all anostomid genera and subgenera. Outgroup comparisons included members of the sister group to the Anostomidae (the Chilodontidae) as well as members of the families Curimatidae, Characidae, Citharinidae, Distichodontidae, Hemiodontidae, Parodontidae and Prochilodontidae. The results supported a clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synaptolaemus (the subfamily Anostominae sensu Winterbottom) albeit with a somewhat different set of relationships among the species within these genera. Anostomus as previously recognized was found to be paraphyletic and is split herein into two monophyletic components, a restricted Anostomus and the new genus Petulanos gen. nov., described herein. Laemolyta appeared as sister to the clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Petulanos, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synapto- laemus. Rhytiodus and Schizodon together formed a well-supported clade that was, in turn, sister to the clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Laemolyta, Petulanos, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synaptolaemus.