FAMILY Anostomidae Günther, 1864 - anostomids, headstanders [=Anostomatina, Pithecocharacinae, Leporellinae, Leporininae] GENUS Abramites Fowler, 1906 - headstanders Species Abramites eques (Steindachner, 1878) - Magdalena headstander Species Abramites hypselonotus (Günther, 1868) - marbled headstander [=microcephalus, nigripinnis, solarii, ternetzi] GENUS Anostomoides Pellegrin, 1909 - anostomids Species Anostomoides atrianalis Pellegrin, 1908 - atrianalis anostomid Species Anostomoides laticeps (Eigenmann, 1912) - Crab Falls anostomid Species Anostomoides passionis Santos & Zuanon, 2006 - Xingu anostomid GENUS Anostomus Scopoli, 1777 - anostomus, headstanders [=Anostomus C, Histiodromus, Mormyrhynchus, Pithecocharax] Species Anostomus anostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) - striped anastomus, striped headstander [=gronoveii, gronovii S, gronovii M, salmoneus] Species Anostomus brevior Géry, 1961 - Camopi anostomus Species Anostomus longus Géry, 1961 - Concordia anostomus Species Anostomus ternetzi Fernández-Yépez, 1949 - Ternetz's anostomus GENUS Gnathodolus Myers, 1927 - headstanders Species Gnathodolus bidens Myers, 1927 - Casquiare headstander GENUS Hypomasticus Borodin, 1929 - headstanders Species Hypomasticus despaxi (Puyo, 1943) - Marouni headstander Species Hypomasticus julii (Santos et al., 1996) - Santos' Xingu headstander Species Hypomasticus lineomaculatus Birindelli et al., 2013 - Para headstander Species Hypomasticus megalepis (Gunther, 1863) - Essequibo headstander Species Hypomasticus mormyrops (Steindachner, 1875) - Parahyba headstander Species Hypomasticus pachycheilus (Britski, 1976) - Aripuana headstander Species Hypomasticus thayeri (Borodin, 1929) - Thayer's headstander GENUS Laemolyta Cope, 1872 - headstanders [=Schizodontopsis] Species Laemolyta fasciata Pearson, 1924 - Rogoagua headstander [=pearsoni] Species Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950 - Fernandez's headstander [=petiti] Species Laemolyta garmani (Borodin, 1931) - Saraca headstander [=macra] Species Laemolyta orinocensis (Steindachner, 1879) - Bolivar headstander Species Laemolyta proxima (Garman, 1890) - proxima headstander [=nitens, varius] Species Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858) - Guapore headstander GENUS Leporellus Lütken, 1875 - headstanders [=Leporinodus] Species Leporellus pictus (Kner, 1858) - Orissanga headstander [=cartledgei, maculifrons, timbore] Species Leporellus retropinnis (Eigenmann, 1922) - Piracicaba headstander Species Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - vittatus headstander [=cagoara, sexdentatus] GENUS Leporinus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - leporinus [=Leporinops, Myocharax] Species Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes, 1837) - Valenciennes' leporinus Species Leporinus affinis Gunther, 1864 - Capim leporinus Species Leporinus agassizii Steindachner, 1876 - Agassizi's leporinus [=semivittatus] Species Leporinus altipinnis Borodin, 1929 - Jatuarana leporinus [=falcipinnis] Species Leporinus amae Godoy, 1980 - Apuae leporinus Species Leporinus amazonicus Santos & Zuanon, 2008 - Catalao leporinus Species Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987 - Tiete leporinus Species Leporinus apollo Sidlauskas et al., 2011 - Suriname leporinus Species Leporinus arcus Eigenmann, 1912 - lipstick leporinus Species Leporinus arimaspi Burns et al., 2014 - Burns' leporinus Species Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos, 1992 - Aripuana leporinus [=aripuanaensis GS 112] Species Leporinus badueli Puyo, 1948 - Mana leporinus Species Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner, 1875 - Bahia leporinus Species Leporinus bimaculatus Castelnau, 1855 - Tocantins leporinus Species Leporinus bistriatus Britski, 1997 - Itacaiunas leporinus Species Leporinus bleheri Géry, 1999 - Verde leporinus Species Leporinus boehlkei Garavello, 1988 - Meta leporinus Species Leporinus britskii Feitosa et al., 2011 - Jamanxim leporinus Species Leporinus brunneus Myers, 1950 - Negro leporinus Species Leporinus copelandii Steindachner, 1875 - Copeland's leporinus Species Leporinus cylindriformis Borodin, 1929 - Borodin's leporinus Species Leporinus desmotes Fowler, 1914 - Rupununi leporinus Species Leporinus ecuadorensis Eigenmann & Henn, 1916 - Barranca leporinus Species Leporinus enyae Burns et al., 2017 - Rio Iguapo leporinus Species Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794) - banded leporinus [=altipinnis, holostictus, novemfasciatus] Species Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) - threespot leporinus Species Leporinus geminis Garavello & Santos, 2009 - gemini leporinus Species Leporinus gomesi Garavello & Santos, 1981 - Gomes' leporinus [=gomesi G 1990] Species Leporinus gossei Géry et al., 1991 - Gosse's leporinus Species Leporinus granti Eigenmann, 1912 - Grant's leporinus Species Leporinus guttatus Birindelli & Britski, 2009 - Birindelli's Xingu leporinus Species Leporinus jamesi Garman, 1929 - James' leporinus Species Leporinus jatuncochi Ovchynnyk, 1971 - Napo leporinus Species Leporinus klausewitzi Géry, 1960 - Mundurucu leporinus Species Leporinus lacustris Amaral Campos, 1945 - Pirassununga leporinus Species Leporinus lebaili Géry & Planquette, 1983 - Maroni leporinus Species Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - La Mana leporinus Species Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel, 1844 - spotted leporinus [=alternus, paralternus, pellegrinii] Species Leporinus marcgravii Lütken, 1875 - Velhas leporinus Species Leporinus melanopleura Günther, 1864 - spottail leporinus Species Leporinus melanopleurodes Birindelli et al., 2013 - Pecanha leporinus Species Leporinus melanostictus Norman, 1926 - Approuague leporinus Species Leporinus microphthalmus Garavello, 1989 - Araguari leporinus Species Leporinus microphysus Birindelli & Britski, 2013 - Amapa leporinus Species Leporinus moralesi Fowler, 1942 - Morales' leporinus [=muelleri, uatumaensis] Species Leporinus multifasciatus Cope, 1878 - manybanded leporinus Species Leporinus multimaculatus Birindelli et al., 2016 - Mato Grosso leporinus Species Leporinus nattereri Steindachner, 1876 - Aleixo leporinus Species Leporinus niceforoi Fowler, 1943 - Orteguasa leporinus Species Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - halfline leporinus [=margaritaceus] Species Leporinus nijsseni Garavello, 1990 - Nijssen's leporinus Species Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner, 1915 - Cubata leporinus Species Leporinus octomaculatus Britski & Garavello, 1993 - Arinos leporinus Species Leporinus ortomaculatus Garavello, 2000 - Surumu leporinus Species Leporinus pachyurus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - pachyurus leporinus Species Leporinus parae Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907 - Eigenmann's Para leporinus Species Leporinus paranensis Garavello & Britski, 1987 - Marimbondo leporinus Species Leporinus parvulus Birindelli et al., 2013 - Birindelli's Para leporinus Species Leporinus pearsoni Fowler, 1940 - Pearson's leporinus Species Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941 - Salgade leporinus Species Leporinus pitingai Santos & Jegu, 1996 - Pitinga leporinus Species Leporinus punctatus Garavello, 2000 - Garavello's leporinus Species Leporinus reticulatus Britski & Garavello, 1993 - Britski's Arinos leporinus Species Leporinus santosi Britski & Birindelli, 2013 - Itacaiunas leporinus Species Leporinus sexstriatus Britski & Garavello, 1980 - Papagaio leporinus Species Leporinus spilopleura Norman, 1926 - Oyapock leporinus Species Leporinus steindachneri Eigenmann, 1907 - Arassuahy leporinus Species Leporinus steyermarki Inger, 1956 - Abacapa leporinus Species Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 - Irisanga leporinus [=tiririca] Species Leporinus subniger Fowler, 1943 - Orteguasa leporinus Species Leporinus taeniatus Lütken, 1875 - Lutken's leporinus Species Leporinus taeniofasciatus Britski, 1997 - Maranhao leporinus Species Leporinus tigrinus Borodin, 1929 - Goias leporinus Species Leporinus torrenticola Birindelli et al., 2016 - Para leporinus Species Leporinus trimaculatus Garavello & Santos, 1992 - Aripuana leporinus Species Leporinus tristriatus Birinelli & Britski, 2013 - Peixoto leporinus Species Leporinus unitaeniatus Garavello & Santos, 2009 - Garavello's Araguaia leporinus Species Leporinus vanzoi Britski & Garavello, 2005 - Tapajosm leporinus Species Leporinus venerei Britski & Birindelli, 2008 - Fazenda leporinus Species Leporinus villasboasorum Burns et al., 2017 - Culuene leporinus Species Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann, 1922 - Barrogpm leporinus GENUS Megaleporinus Ramirez et al., 2017 - headstanders Species Megaleporinus brinco (Birindelli et al., 2013) - Itajiba headstander Species Megaleporinus conirostris (Steindachner, 1875) - Parahyba headstander Species Megaleporinus elongatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - elongate headstander [=breviceps, crassilabris] Species Megaleporinus garmani (Borodin, 1929) - Arassuachy headstander Species Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) - Rio Cuiaba headstander Species Megaleporinus muyscorum (Steindachner, 1900) - Rio Labrija headstander Species Megaleporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837) - Argentine headstander [=aquapeiensis, boops, silvestrii, undecimradiatus] Species Megaleporinus piavussu (Britski et al., 2012) - Rio Mogi Guacu headstander Species Megaleporinus reinhardti (Lutken, 1875) - Reinhardt's headstander Species Megaleporinus trifasciatus (Steindachner, 1876) - Tefe headstander [=wolfei] GENUS Petulanos Sidlauskas & Vari, 2008 - headstanders Species Petulanos intermedius (Winterbottom, 1980) - intermediate headstander Species Petulanos plicatus (Eigenmann, 1912) - plicatus headstander Species Petulanos spiloclistron (Winterbottom, 1974) - Falawatra headstander GENUS Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980 - headstanders Species Pseudanos gracilis (Kner, 1858) - gracile headstander Species Pseudanos trimaculatus (Kner, 1858) - threespot headstander [=irinae] Species Pseudanos varii Birindelli et al., 2012 - Vari's headstander Species Pseudanos winterbottomi Sidlauskas & Santos, 2005 - Winterbottom's headstander GENUS Rhytiodus Kner, 1858 - headstanders [=Garmanina] Species Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858 - Kner's Negro headstander [=sagittarius, unifasciatus] Species Rhytiodus elongatus (Steindachner, 1908) - Puris headstander Species Rhytiodus lauzannei Géry, 1987 - Tijamuchi headstander Species Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 - Manaus headstander GENUS Sartor Myers & Carvalho, 1959 - headstanders Species Sartor elongatus Santos & Jégu, 1987 - Trombetas headstander Species Sartor respectus Myers & Carvalho, 1959 - Myers' Xingu headstander Species Sartor tucuruiense Santos & Jégu, 1987 - Tucurui headstander GENUS Schizodon Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - headstanders [=Lahilliella] Species Schizodon altoparanae Garavello & Britski, 1990 - altoparanae headstander Species Schizodon australis Garavello, 1994 - Uruguai headstander Species Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900) - Borelli's headstander [=platycephalus] Species Schizodon dissimilis (Garman, 1890) - Poti headstander Species Schizodon fasciatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - Spix's headstander [=corti, schizodon] Species Schizodon intermedius Garavello & Britski, 1990 - Upper Parana headstander Species Schizodon isognathus Kner, 1858 - Kner's Cuiaba headstander Species Schizodon jacuiensis Bergman, 1988 - Guaiba headstander Species Schizodon knerii (Steindachner, 1875) - Kner's schizodon Species Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858 - Irisanga headstander Species Schizodon platae (Garman, 1890) - La Plata headstander Species Schizodon rostratus (Borodin, 1931) - Parnaiba headstander Species Schizodon scotorhabdotus Sidlauskas et al., 2007 - Aguaro headstander Species Schizodon succinctus Burmeister, 1861 - Burmeister's headstander Species Schizodon vittatus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - Valenciennes' Araguay headstander GENUS Synaptolaemus Myers & Fernández-Yépes, in Myers, 1950 - headstanders Species Synaptolaemus latofasciatus (Steindachner, 1910) - Steindachner's synaptolaemus [=cingulatus]