Rainbow Bridge National Monumnet Administrative History National Park Service

Archives Bancroft Library, Sierra Club Members Collection

Cline Library, Special Collections and Archives, Northern Arizona University

Arizona State University, University Libraries, Department of Archives and Manuscripts

Headquarters, Glen Canyon NRA: Central Files Cultural Resources Archive Files Interpretation Files

National Archives and Records Administration: College Park, MD Denver, CO Laguna Niguel, CA San Bruno, CA

National Park Service Library, Navajo National Monument

National Park Service Library, Intermountain Regional Office

Southern Utah University, Special Collections

Interviews Denny Davies. July 27. 2000, Springdale, Utah.

Tom Dougi. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Celone Dougi. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Stephanie Dubois. July 27, 2000, Cedar City, Utah.

Phil R. Geib. June 19, 2000 and January 15, 2001, Window Rock, Arizona. Velta E. Luther. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Leo Manheimer. December 18, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Sylvia Manygoats. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Buck Navajo. December 18, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Jack Owl. December 20, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Bessie Owl. December 20, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

John Ritenour. July 24, 2000, Page, Arizona.

Books Acrey, Bill P. Navajo History. The Land and the People. Shiprock: Department of Curriculum Materials Development Central Consolidated School District No. 22, 1978.

Baars, Donald L. The Colorado Plateau: A Geologic History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983. Baars, Donald L. Navajo Country: A Geology and Natural History of the Four Corners Region. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.

Bernheimer, Charles L. Rainbow Bridge: Circling Navajo Mountain and Explorations in the "Bad Lands" of Southern Utah and Northern Arizona. Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1924.

Boyce, George A. When the Navajos Had Too Many Sheep: The 1940s. San Francisco: The Indian Historian Press, 1974.

Clemmer, Richard O. Roads in the Sky: The Hopi Indians In A Century of Change. Boulder: Westview Books, 1995.

Crampton, C. Gregory. Standing Up Country: The Canyon Lands of Utah and Arizona. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964. Crampton, C. Gregory. Outline History of the Glen Canyon Region, 1776-1922. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1959. Crampton, C. Gregory and Dwight L. Smith, eds., The Colorado River Survey: Robert B. Stanton and the Denver, Colorado Canyon & Pacific Railroad. Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1987.

Dobyns, Henry F. and Robert C. Euler, The Navajo People. Phoenix: Indian Tribal Park Services, 1972. Dutton, Bertha P. American Indians of the Southwest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983.

Euler, Robert C. Southern Paiute Ethnohistory. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1966. Euler, Robert C. The Paiute People. Phoenix: Indian Tribal Park Services, 1972.

Geib. Phil R. Glen Canyon Revisited. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996.

Gillmor, Frances and Louisa Wade Wetherill, Traders to the Navajo: The Story of the Wetherills of Kayenta. Cambridge: The Riverside Press, 1934.

Grey, Zane. Tales of Lonely Trails. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1922.

Hall, Ansel F. General Report on the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition of 1933. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1934.

Harvey, Mark W.T. A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

Hassell, Hank. Rainbow Bridge: An Illustrated History. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1999.

Hintze, Lehi F. Geologic History of Utah. Provo: Department of Geology, Brigham Young University, 1988.

Hoofnagle, Keith. "Frank 'Boss' Pinkley: 1881-1940." In National Park Service: The First 75 Years, ed. William H. Sontag. Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1990.

Iverson, Peter. The Navajo Nation. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1981.

Judd, Neil M. Men Met Along the Trail: Adventures in Archaeology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.

Kelly, Isabel T. Southern Paiute Ethnography. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1965.

Levy, Jerrold E. In The Beginning: The Navajo Genesis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Luckert, Karl W. Navajo Mountain and Rainbow Bridge Religion. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona, 1977.

Martin, Russell. A Story That Stands Like A Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1989.

McNitt, Frank. Richard Wetherill: Anasazi. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1957.

McPherson, Robert S. The Northern Navajo Frontier 1860-1900: Expansion Through Adversity. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.

Nuwuvi: A Southern Paiute History. Intertribal Council of Nevada, 1976.

O'Connell, Daniel T. The Geology of Rainbow Bridge, Utah: The Largest Natural Bridge in the World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1936.

Ortiz, Alfonso, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 10, Southwest. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1983.

Perry, R.J. Western Apache Heritage. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Richardson, Gladwell. Navajo Trader. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986.

Rothman, Hal K. The Greening of a Nation? Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998. Rothman, Hal K. Navajo National Monument: A Place and Its People, An Administrative History. Santa Fe: Southwest Cultural Resources Center, 1991. Rothman, Hal K. Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

Runte, Alfred. National Parks: The American Experience. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.

Sellars, Richard West. Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

Shepardson, Mary and Blowden Hammond, The Navajo Mountain Community: Social Organization and Kinship Terminology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970).

Stokes, William Lee. Geology of Utah. Salt Lake City: Utah Museum of Natural History, University of Utah, 1986.

Topping, Gary. Glen Canyon and the San Juan County. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, 1997.

Towner, Ronald H. and Jeffrey S. Dean. "Questions and Problems in Pre-Fort Sumner Navajo Archeology." In The Archeology of Navajo Origins, ed. Ronald H. Towner. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996.

Trafzer, Clifford E. The Kit Carson Campaign: The Last Great Navajo War. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982. Trimble, Stephen. The People: Indians of the American Southwest. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1993.

Underhill, Ruth M. The Navajos. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.

White, Richard. The Roots Of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.

Wunder, John R. "Retained by The People" A History of American Indians and the Bill of Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Yazzie, Ethelou, ed., Navajo History. Rough Rock: Rough Rock Demonstration School, 1971.

Zolbrod, Paul G. Dine bahane: The Navajo Creation Story. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

Articles Bolton, Herbert E. "Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776," Utah Historical Quarterly 18 (1950).

Cummings, Byron. "The Great Natural Bridges of Utah." National Geographic Magazine 21 (February 1910).

Hall, Jr., E.T. "Recent Clues to Athabaskan Prehistory in the Southwest," American Anthropologist 46.

Heald, Weldon F. "Who Discovered Rainbow Bridge?" Sierra Club Bulletin 40 (October 1955).

Jett, Stephen. "The Great Race to Discover Rainbow Natural Bridge in 1909." KIVA 58 (1992).

Jett, Stephen. "Testimony of the Sacredness of Rainbow Natural Bridge to Puebloans, Navajos, and Paiutes." Plateau 45 (1973).

Judd, Neil M. "The Discovery of Rainbow Bridge." National Parks Bulletin 54 (November 1927).

Lockett, Hattie Greene. The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi, University of Arizona Social Science Bulletin 4, no. 2 (1933)

Madsen, David B. and Steven R. Simms, "The Fremont Complex: A Behavioral Perspective," Journal of World Prehistory 12, no. 3(1998).

Richardson, Elmo R. "Federal Park Policy in Utah: The Escalante National Monument Controversy of 1935-1940." Utah Historical Quarterly (Spring 1965).

Roosevelt, Theodore. "Across the Navajo Desert." The Outlook (October 11, 1913).

Rothman, Hal. "Ruins, Reputations, and Regulation: Byron Cummings, William B. Douglass, John Wetherill, and the Summer of 1909." Journal of the Southwest 35 (Autumn 1993).

Scher, Zeke. "Rainbow Bridge." Empire Magazine (Denver Post) (September 17, 1978). Scher, Zeke. "Rainbow Bridge Ain't What It Used To Be." Empire Magazine (Denver Post) (September 17, 1978).

"Sen. Frank E. Moss Would Endanger Rainbow Bridge." National Wildlands News 1 (May 1960).

Smith, Chris, and Elizabeth Manning. "The sacred and profane collide in the West." High Country News (May 26, 1997).

Newspapers Arizona Daily Sun Arizona Republic The Denver Post Deseret News The El Paso Times Navajo Times New York Times Daily Spectrum Salt Lake Tribune San Francisco Chronicle

Government Documents Baker, Arthur A. Geology of the Monument Valley-Navajo Mountain Region, San Juan County Utah. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1936.

Carr, Neita V. and Robert T. Trotter, II. "Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Rainbow Bridge National Monument." Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. Prepared for the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, March 10, 1992.

Downer, Alan, Rena Martin. Timothy Begay, and Richard Begay. Summary of Remarks, "Navajo Cultural Concerns and NPS Management," in "Report of the Navajo Nation/Navajo Lands Area Superintendents Summit Meeting, April 16-17, 1997." Capitol Reef National Park.

Geib, Phil R., Helen C. Fairley, and Peter W. Bungart. Archaeological Survey in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Year 1 Descriptive Report, 1984-1985. Northern Arizona University Archaeological Report No. 983a (November 1986). U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Rocky Mountain Regional Office. Rainbow Bridge National Monument: General Management Plan, Development Concept Plan, Resource Management Plan, Interpretive Prospectus, and Environmental Assessment. [Denver], 1993.

Thesis Johnson, Christopher G., The Significance of Rainbow Bridge: From Prehistory to the Present, M.A. Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 1996.