16932 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21

Edward C. Fritsche, Homestead, OREGON experience that if we pray in ordinary Jerome E. Whalen, Jefferson. Donald B. Estes, Coquille. days we shall know how to pray with con­ Arlie V. Otto, Johnston. Elv"1. G. Varnum, Crater Lake. quering power when we are beset by Lloyd M. Crumly, Letts. Harlan W. Cohrs, Lewis. PENNSYLVANIA trials and tribulations, by moods of P aul J. Vollmer, Manning. William L. Bedsworth, Belle Vernon. cowardice and fear, and by despondency Henry C. Pendergraft, Mason City. Elizabeth S. Whitesell, Washington Cross· and despair. Doris B. Kimzey, Milo. 1ng. In Christ's name we bring our peti­ Robert E. Allmon, Missouri Valley. Samuel R. Klinger, Wiconisco, tions. Amen. Mark H. Booth, Montour. SOUTH CAROLINA John L. Weno, North Liberty. The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ Elder 0. Bottolfson, Northwood. Sam W. Lytchfield, Jr., Bonneau. terday was read and approved. Mary A. Boldra, Randolph. SOUTH DAKOTA MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Harold A. Berg, Ruthven. R obert J. Balik, Spillville. Marion E. Peterson, Arlington. Laverna L. Marshall, Draper. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Gerald J. Svacina, Tama. James_W. Sweaney, Sturgis. Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that Berle G. Keck, Washta. the Eenate had passed, with amendments Matthew J. Blong, Waucoma. TENNESSEE in which the concurrence of the House KENTUCKY Andrew J. Frazier, Bon Aqu a. is requested, a bill of the House of the P arker D. Moore, Bardwell. Ted L. Rozell, Chapel Hill. following title: Donald McDonald, Hardyville. Charles H. Settle, Gainesboro. Vesta C. Locke, Mount Julfet. H. R. 9827. An act to provide revenue by LOUISIAN A Charles R. Byrn, Murfreesboro. imposing a corporate excess-profits tax, and Dan \V. Graves, Bogalusa. James A. Britton, Whitesburg. for other purposes. Loy R. Gaar, Dodson. TEXAS The message also anno'Qnced that the Arthur H. Prevey, Elizabeth. Et na C. Ducote, Hr.ckberry. E i; han L. Upshaw, Belton. Senate insists upon its amendments to Thomas F. Mahaffey, Jennings. Claude B. Lynch, Jr., Como. the fore going bill, requests a conference Clifford Duplechi:1, Mamou, Arlon T. Carroll, Crane. with the House on the disagreeing votes Joe B. Chast ain, Emory. Ti~on M. O'Bier, Shongaloo. of the two Houses thereon, and appoints Clarence R. Wiley, Fort Stoc -ton. MAINE R bland A. Johnson, McCamey. Mr. GEORGE, Mr. CONNALLY, Mr. BYRD, John A. Merriman, Sedgwick. Thomas J. Agnor, Marshall. Mr. MILLIKIN, and Mr. TAFT to be the conferees on the part of the Senate. MINNESOTA Bonnie F. Goldsmith, Needville. J ohn 0. E C1rklow, Kasota. UTAH EXCESS-PROFITS-TAX ACT OF 1950 Fritz R. Greenfield, Pease, Alva G. Boman, Lewiston. Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Leslie J. Henderson, Roosevelt. Arvin L. Bellon, Roosevelt. unanimous consent to take from the Franklin G. Slaugh, Vernal. MISSISSIPPI Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 9827) · to Ruth Seale, Lyon. VERMONT provide revenue by imposing a corporate Mary Bell Smith, Midnight, Fredric ·L. Pierce, Barnet. excess-profits tax, and for other pur­ Jimmy Griffith, Sunflower. Frederick L. Kemp, Craftsbury. poses, with Senate amendments thereto, MISSOURI John P. Dudley, East Montpelier. disagree to the Senate amendments, and Reginald F. Pelow, Lyndon. Charles E. Jones, Rolla. agree to the conference requested by the VIRGINIA NEBRASKA Senate. Chester A. Koza, Clarkson. Charles F. Shuler, Elkton. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Burton E. McKee, Lyman. ' Hidclen B. Quillen, Jr., Gate City. the request of the gentleman from North Charles T. Braswell, Norton. Carolina? [After a pause. J The Chair Dean J. Ehle, Ponca. Howard S. Myers; Virginia Beach. NEW JERSEY M :iffett E. Bibb, Jr., Weyers Cave. hears none, and appoints the following Frank A. Brown, Arlington. Samuel H. Hale, Wise. conferees: Messrs. DOUGHTON, COOPER, Gladys A. Rysinski, Cliffwood Beach. Mayo H. Worrell, Zuni. DINGELL, MILLS, RE~D of New York, WOODRUFF, and SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Dorothy B. Jahn, Mantoloking. WEST VIRGINIA Edna M. Thompson, Mickleton. Charles W. Maloney, Bradshaw. CALL OF THE HOUSE Edward J. Brennan, Ocean Gate. Elizabet h D. Burch, Smithers, Francis E. Davenport, Pitman. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Harry F. Kolbert, Skillman. I make the point of order that a quorum Fiore V. Romeo, Stirling. is not present. John F. Carroll, Teaneck. The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum Joseph S. Chamberlain, Titusvme. -HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is not preEent. NEW YORK Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I move a Harold James Hyland, Arcade. THURSDAY, DECEMBER. 21, 1950 call of the House. George A. Christensen, Clymer. The House met at 11 o'clock a. m. A call of the House was ordered. Abraham ·Finkle, Far Rockaway. The. Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ Michael S. Valvo, Forestville. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., offered the following prayer: lowing Members failed to· answer to their Marjorie H. Schneider, Islip, names: Jesse J. Bridge, M r-,c'.ison. 0 Thou blessed and eternal God, we Horace V. Orton, Wingdale. [Roll No. 299] thank Thee for the high and holy privi­ Abernethy Cannon Elston NORTH CAROLINA lege of coming unto Thee through the Allen, Ill. Case, s. Dak. Engel, Mich Emmett Ro}Jinson Wooten, Kinston. old and familiar way of prayer. Allen, La. Cavalcante Engle, Calif, Willie H. Smith, Rocky Mount. Anderson, Calif.Chatham Fellows Grant that in these perilous times we Andrews Chesney James P. McPherson, Snow Camp. may not rely only upon the might and Fisher Kent Haynes, State Road. Angell Christopher Fogarty . power of material resources, but may we Barden Cole, Kans. Gamble NORTH DAKOTA seek to develop strength of spirit and Baring Colmer Gary Barrett, Wyo. Combs Gathings Mary S. Tomlinson, Benedict. faith with which we shall be prepared Bates, Ky. Cotton Gavin OHIO and able to cope with anything that the Battle Coudert G!'!orge future may hold for us of suffering and Bennett, Mich. Crook Gillette Gwendolyn M. Flack, Bettsville. Blackney Crosser Goodwin Jacob Benjamin Romine, Galion. sacrifice. Boggs, La. Davenport Gordon Dennis E. Hurst, Marietta. We are confident that no enemy from Bonner Davies, N. Y . Gorski Fred A. Luhnow, North Madison. the outside can ever conquer us and that Boykin Davis, Ga. Graham Florence V. Needler, Poland. if defeat should overtake us it would be Brehm Dawson Gregory Verdi C. Von Thron, Port Clinton. Brooks Denton Gross because of our inner failures and the Buchanan D'Ewart Guill OKLAHOMA spiritual weakness of our hearts. Buckley, Ill. Dondero Hagen Buckley, N. Y. Doyle Hall, Paul Hampton, Hinton. Inspire us to cultivate the habit of Burke Durham Leonard W. Elsie V. Fulfs, Randlett. daily prayer for we have the testimony of Burleson Eaton Hand 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16933 Hare McDonough Rogers, Fla. · 3966) to confer jurisdiction upon the fend.ant shall be heard and determined by Harrison McGrath Roosevelt the court in accordance with the provisions Harvey McMillan, S. C. Sabath . Court of Claims.to hear, determine, and Hays, Ark. McMUlen, Ill. Sadlak render judgment 1,lpon the claim ·of the of section 2508 of title 28 of the United States Hays, Ohio Mack, Ill. St. George Forest Lumber Co. Code. Hebert Macy Saylor SEC. 4. Any part of any judgment rendered Hedrick Madden Scott, Hardie The Clerk read the· title of the bill. hereunder which represents sums actually Heffernan Mahon Scudder The SPEAKER. Is there objection to deposited to the credit of said Klamath and Heller Mansfield Shafer· the request of the gentleman from New Modoc Tribes and Yahooskin Band of Snake Herlong Marcantonio Short York? · Indians for timber cut from tribal lands shall Herter Marshall Sikes Hill Martin, Iowa Simpson, Ill. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving be paid by. t}fe Secretary of the Treasury, Hobbs Martin, Mass. Simpson, Pa. the right to object, will the gentleman upon appropriation by the Congress, from Hoeven Mason Sims tell us what this bill is? any funds in the Treasury of the United Hoffman, Ill. Miller, Nebr. Smathers States to the credit of said tribe. Any other Hoffman, Mich. Morgan Smith, Kans. Mr. BYRNE of New York. Mr. Speak­ part of any judgment rendered shall be pay­ Holifield Morrison Smith, Ohio er, this is a bill to confer jurisdiction able in the same manner as in the case of Horan Morton Smith, Wis. upon the Court of Claims to hear, de­ Huber Moulder Stanley claims over which the Court of Claims has Irving Murray, Tenn. Stefan termine, and render judgment upon the jurisdiction under section 1491 of title 28 Jackson, Calif. Nicholson Sutton claim of the Forest Lumber Co., which, of the United States Code. Jackson, Wash. Noland Talle as I understand it, has been cleared. Jacobs O'Brien, Ill. Taylor with the objectors. The bill was ordered to be read a third James O'Brien, Mich. Teague time, was read the third time, and Jenkins Pace Th'ompson Mr. TABER. How much is involved? Jennings Patman Thornberry Mr. BYRNE of New York. I cannot passed, and a motion to reconsider was Johnson Patterson Towe say what the terms of the claim may be. laid on the table. Jonas Peterson Underwood ALGOMA LUMBER CO. Jones, Mo. Pfeifer, Vorys The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Jones, Joseph L. Wagner the request of the gentleman from New Mr. BYRNE of New York. Mr. ·speak­ Hamilton C. Pfeiffer, Walsh York? · Karst William L. Welch er, I ask unanimous consent for the Kearns Plumley Werdel There was ho objection. immediate consideration of the bill Italy. the immigration and naturalization laws, George Brander Paloheimo and Eva Le­ There was no objection. The bill was ordered to be read a third onora Paloheimo, natives of Finland, shall be The Clerk read the bill, as follows: time, was read the third time, and pas~ed, considered the natural-born alien children of Be it enacted, etc., That, in the administra­ and a motion to reconsider was laid on their adopt ed parents, Mr. and Mrs. Y. A. tion of the immigration laws, Armando San­ the table. Paloheimo, citizens of the U~ited States. tini shall be held and considered to have BERNIECE JOSEPIDNE LAZAGA been lawfully admitted into the United The bill was ordered to be read a third States for permanent residence as of July Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask time, was read the third time, and passed, 12, 1948, the date of his last entry into" the unanimous consent for the immediate and a motion to reconsider was laid on United States, upon payment of the re­ consideration of the bill (S. 3044) for the table. quired head tax and visa fee. the relief of Berniece Josephine Lazaga. ETHELYN ISOBEL CHENALLOY SEC. 2. The Secretary of State is authorized The Clerk read the title of the bill, and direct ed to instruct the proper quota­ Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask control otllcer to deduct one numbei; from The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent for the immediate the nonpreference category of the first avail­ the request of the gentleman from Penn· consideration of the bill

A-5308606, Heinz, Joseph Karl. A-2244345, Manalis, John Ioannis. A-7203340, Piscope, Domenico. A-6861917, Hendrickson, Agda Jakobina, A-5914713, March etti, Piet ro Guido, or A-6849316, Pia, Yolande, or Yolande Prato. formerly Ruutikainen (nee Meriruusu). ·Piet ro Marchetti or Pete Marchetti or Fran­ A-6725293, Poharnck, Zoltan Imre. A-6567798, Holen, Jenny Klara (nee cisco Genetti. A-4390552, Polzin, Rudolf. Walderhaug). A-3325763, Mark, See Cheung. A-3117457, Poppas, Demetrios, or Demil• A-6243527, Hou, Ai Ying, or Mah Ah Ying A-4778299, Markiori, Emilio, or Emilio rios Poppos. · or Wang Ai Ying. Marchiori or Emilio Marki. A-7083227, Powell, Alwyn Leslie. A-6853305, Howe, Maclean Kenneth Daniel A-7083230, Markoures, Irene Panageotou. A-5664259, Prol, Antonio Alvarez. (alias Hau Kam Tat or Daat). or Irini Athanasios Panageotou. · A-7072434, Proskouriakoff, Irene Daniel. A-6838592, Hristostomidis, Hristostomis A-714093-6, Marlmann, Rainer Wolfgang, or A-7019124, Purdy, Cassie May. Yani, or Chris John Chrisostomidis. Rainer Wolfgang Hogan.· A-5455840, Puzzolo, Giuseppe. A~6 2 45685, Hronis, Sophie. A-4632664, Marmorstein, Alexander, or A-1643444, R abias, Constantinos Nicolaos. A-7530134, Hsian g, Ping, or Ping Hsian Alex M. St one. A-1595278, Radulich, Blasul, or Blasul Hsiang or Cather in e Hsiang or Bian Hsian A-6611011, Marwick, Nancy Joy. R adulic. Hsiang or Hsiang Bin Hsien. A-1205669, Masuko, Sadao. A-6296121, Redfern, Ruth Myrtle. A-3043752, Hutian, Edwin Eric. A-3397407, Matchkaloff, Alexander Serge, A-6: 96119, Redfern, Allan Henry. ·A- 5872012, Hum, Lee Shee, or Hum Lee or Alexander S. Mach avariani or Alexander A-5630645, Redwood, Margaret (nee Mar- Shee. Sedrakovitch Ma chkaloff or Alexander S. garet· Marshall). A- 6505446, Huvos, Laszlo, or Leslie Huvos. Machavarian or Alexander Angelo. A- 7C97046, Rein, Monika. A-6590020, Iacovetta, Osvaldo, or Osvaldo A-5427886, Matthiesen, Heinrich, or Hein­ A-3543705, Reis, Rosa Oliveira (nee Rosa Iocovetta or Osvaldo Iacouetta. rich Walter Matthiesen. Candida Oliveira). 56093 / 439, Ibrahim, Mehmet, or Ibrahim . A-5147605, Mccombs, Gordon Leslie. A-5911903, Rigas, Eleftherios. Mehmet or Mehmed Abrahim. A-4874141, Mckay, Sariphas. A-6995278, Rim, Lilly Mary (Mrs. Herbert A....:6367213, Iversen, Bjorg Wennberg. A-58292'63, Mehr, Lena Melissa, or Lena Rim) (nee Lilly Mary Ruppert or Lilly Mary A- 6455634, Jacks, Edna Eulalia (nee Barkas, Melissa Bates (nee Goodwin) . Ruppert De Rin by a former marr~age Mrs. or Edna E. Jacks). A-2997698, Menagatos, Soterios Demitriou Hans Neumann). A-6872541, James, Poulia or Poulia Cotsifa, (alias Sam Poulos) . · A-7044264, Roberts, Grace Ruth Kearny. maiden name, or Poulia Kot sifa. A-6799595, Mendoza, Jose Leofranco Perez. A-5068648, Roininen, Laina Maria, or Laina A-5665665, Jaresch, Emma Johanna. . A-6953451, Metzger, Henryk. Maria Roine. A-6930157, Jarosz, Ingelise S'olveig (nee A-6038690, Meukow, Walter Trendel, or A- 7050590, Rosadio, Jose. Jensen). Walter Trendel. A- 6018546, Rosenblum, Lajb, or Leo Rosen­ A- 2395816, K akowoulis, Nicolis, or Nickolis A-6172753, Millios, Argyro, or Argyro Millou blum. K akovoulis. (nee Argyro Gouliou). • A-5127498, Rosenlund, Rolf. A- 7115013, Kastanos, Antonios Simas. A-6989727, Mitchell, Irene (nee Tsingher­ A-1107407, Roston, Albert Joseph, or Abra­ A-3930365, Kew, Ko, or Kew Ko. aki). h am Josef Rothstein. A-6369146, Khouri, Moun ira (nee Mounira A-477.4831, Mohamed, Niaz. A-6307307, Roth, Elizabeth Evelyn Achica, Abouzeid or Mme. Vve Nagib). A-7092580, Montesantos, Eleftherios, or or Elizabet h Evelyn Achica. A-7189565, Kiang, Stuart~ or Chao-Hai Terry Montesantos. A-6569422, Rubinstein, Israel. Kiang. A-4441139, Moret, Giovanni Battista, or A-1991240, Rukojc, Jadwiga, or Jean Ru- A-1757786, Kilian, Jozef. Joh n Moret: · kojc or Jadwiga Rukoic. A-618711 7, Kim, June Jha. A-5644709, Morrall, Edgar Michael, or Wil- A-5080828, Sa, Manuel Afonso. A-7043054, Kiu, Kong Yuet, or Cecile Kong liam Henry Thomas. A-7013315, Sackville, Patricia Ann. or Tong Yuet Kiu. A-4314C60, Moss, Joseph. A-7013316, Sackville, Roma Collard. A-5398701, Klesznieki, Wilhelm August, or A-586e852, Moss, Sarah. A-5562524, Salczer, Herman, or Herman Wilhelm Kleznicki or William August Klesz­ A-5412142, Mui, Kan Chi, or Lung Sheung Salcer. nicki or William August Lkeznicki. Mui. A-6985669, Sam, Choy (Chinese name) , or ·A-5110558, Knaus, Maxmilian, or Max A-4854667, Muniz-Gardea, Sotero, or Sotero Johnny Sam Choy (American name). Knaus. G. Muniz, or Sotero Soto. A-6268824, Sanchez, Domingo Valluluz. A-5299330, Knudsen, Soren Anton or Steve A-4354668, De Muniz, Catalina Gomez. A-7189991, Sarno, Mamerto Torres, or Ma­ Knudsen. A-7064744, Mustapa, Margit Hildegard, or merto Torres. A-5282771, Kurth, Paul. Gustav. Margit Hildegard Jarvinen. A-718G992, Sarno, Rosaura Torres, or To- A-6254761, Kyriakidks, Makrina, or Mak­ A-1514718, Nacinovich, Frank. sauro Torres. rina S. K yriakides or Makrina Socrates. A-6074029, Nevarez, Herriberto, or · Heri· A-7199021, Sawaya, Louis Neemer. Kyriakides (nee Makrina Kouzoudjacojhlu). berto Nevarez Valencia. A-.9177018, Sclavogiannis, Emmi;muel. A-9511403, Lai, Leung. A-6706845, Ngon, Jew Yee Sue. A-7203550, Schenk, Knut. A- 5472117, Larsen , Christian ' peter, or A-5714884, Nicholoff, Karl Christ, or Karl A-5856538, Schertzer, Michael. Chriptian Peter Werdelbon. ·Nicholofi' or Kyrilios Bozanis Nicholoff. A-1689901, Schliemann, Wilh e!m Johannes. A.:5187667, Larsen, Dagny Kirstine Johanna A-2886564, Nicolas, Herman Henry or A-7050939, Scillama, Antonia (nee Res- Nicholas. · Sorensen". tivo). A-6722391, Nicoletopoulos, Leonidas A-7039676, Larsen, Betty Dagny. A-4319937, Scacco, Giacomo. Diomidis. A-6008146, Lawver, Maria Tome Da Silva. A-5258278, Scott, Louise (nee Harris). A-5310261, Norby, Arnt. A-5336741, Lee, Hung Yulce. A-4204299, Seymour, Ale~. A-5156554, Ohnstein, Martin, or Charles A-1663081, Lekich, John, or John Sam A-3383663, Shee, Jew, or Jew Ngui Haal. Hagendorf. Lekich. . · A-2547932, Shong, Wong, or Shong Wong. A-6510544, Lemak, Oscar. A-5295492, Olesen, Marius Imanuel. A-1413437, Sima , .Albin Franz. A-1188009, Orro, Ano Rosa, or Nina R. A-6510545, Lemak, Zoltan. A-7044320, Sirigos, Antonios Nicolaos, or Lopez or Maria Teresa Cartaya. A-9749126, Leon, Francisco Ysmael Mar­ . Antonios Sirigos·or Anthony Sirigos, A-1119930, Orsini, Filippo. tinez, or Francisco Martinez. A-6394192, Skorpak, William. A-5022341, Ortiz, Jose, or Joseph Ortiz or A-7053056, Lewis, Rosane Maria, or Rosana A-4803564, Slowes, Mendel. Jose Ortiz Camus. Maria Mannucci, Rosanna Mannucci. A-7050623, Smith, Constance Agnes (nee A-4280100, Lima, Jose Paiva, or Jose De A-6572200, Ortiz, Robert. A-5221301, Paliaga, Peter. Brady). . ' . Paiva Lima. A-6047633, Smith, Vina (nee Mitchell), A-7141199, Lincourt, Linda Margaret, or A-5157878, Palmes, Stanley Gerald. A-5212363, P aolini, Giuseppini, formerly A-5707986, Smoke, Josef, or Josef Smuk. Linda Margaret Suitter. A-3445330, Soler, Maria Barber, or Mother A-2303848, I:.inkous, . Gladys Corless (nee Giuseppina Milesi (nee Bargellini). A-5081215, Papadopoulos, Yoannis, or Bienvenida De San Jose. Corless). A-2587707, Sonck, Edouard. A-7099284, Loeschnigg, Janet, or Misuet Ioannis Papadopoulos. · A-1748368, Souze, Joao Azevedo, or John Loechnigg, or Misuet Loeschnigg. A-6947402, Paplitzky, Ingeborg Ingrid. Azevedo Souza. A-6620856, Loginofi', Natali N,. A-62806'74, Pascual, Marta Villarin. A-6630763, Pataki, Viola Klara (nee A-6965414, Spigno, Enrico Giuseppe. A-6817715, Lowe, Evelyn Joan (nee Som­ A-5931914, Stapleton, Thomas Michael. merfeld or Summerfield, formerly Ruther­ Lanyi). A-7203344, Paulsen, Greta Juul. A-3631892, Stefanovich, Mitre, or Mitro or ford). Stefanoff alias Jim Stevens, Mitro Stefan Na­ A-1394982, Luckiewicz, Joseph Kazimierz. A-'7117535, Paulsen, Einar Juul. danovic, Mitre Stefan or Stefanou, Stoyanis A-4866489, Luehmann, Alwin Albert Her- A-7110852, Penalva, Marcel Aime. Egos. mann. A-4897907, Perugini, Pasquale Aniello, or A-6182809, Luis, Domingo. Pasquale Perugini. A-6389053, Stein, Paul, or Pelta Sztejn. A-1162558, Macpherson, Donald Joseph. A-5137818, Pfeiffer, Richard Ewald. A-6389054, Sztejn, Rywka, or Rita Stein. A-1001691, Madore, Rose Marie (nee Cote A-7178604, Pilos, Thalia Kalkandis, or A-6448763, Stern, Irving, or I~c. Isak and or Rose Marie Labrie) • Thalia Kalkandis or Thalis Stavros Pilos or Isaac Stern. A-7140937, Mahlmann; Dirk Robert, or Dirk Thalia Stavros Kalkandis. A-5368221, Stoor, John Hjalmar. Robert Vogel or Dirk Robert Hogan. A-2069819, Pina. Enrique (alias Henry A-7140315, Stout, Catharina. Maria (nee A-5537676, Majchrzak, Mary. Pina). Berends en) • XCVI--1066 16938 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21 A-6664171, Stow, Peggy Spencer, or Peggy With the following committee amend.:. tion laws relating to the exclusion of aliens Spencer (maiden name) . ments: inadmissible because of race shall not here­ A-7594279,' Straus, Ernst Gabor. after apply to Tomoko Yamaya, the Japanese A-6236237, Suan-Chi,-Lee, or Suan Chi Lee On page 10, lin.e 12, strike out all of fiancee of Paul H. Vine, a citizen of the or Stephen _Charles Lee. line 12. United States and an honorably discharged A-4133791, Suarez, Francisco Betanco, or On page 15, l\ne 10, strike out all of veteran of World War II, and that the said Frank P. Suarez or Frank Petanco or (Pe­ line 10. Tomoko Yamaya may be eligible for a visa tanko) or Frankly Bestanco or Manuel Mar­ On page 21, line 11, insert "A-6653416, as a nonimmigrant temporary visitor for a tinis or Francisco Suarez Betanco or Fran­ Salgo Miklos or Nicholas Salgo or Nicolas M. period of three months: Provided, That the Salgo." · cisco Betancor Santana ~uarez. administrative authorities find that the said A-1611150, Suchman, Andrew, or Arpad The committee amendments were Tomoko Yamaya · is coming to the United Suchman or Suchmann. States with a bona fide intention of being A-6245755, Sultanis, Aphrodite. agreed to. married to Paul H. Vine, and that she is A-5090585, Szekely, Istvan Attila. The concurrent resolution was agreed found otherwise admissible under the immi­ A-5339009, Sziber, John, or Joan. to. ' gration laws. In the event the marriage be­ A-7112131, Sztankay., Zoltan Ferencz. A motion to reconsider was laid on the tween the above-named parties does not oc­ A-7112538, Sztankay, Ada Hackl (nee Adel- table. cur within three months after the entry of heid Josephine Marie Hackl). REV. ANDREW CHAI KyUNG ·WHANG the said Tomoko Yomaya, she shall be re­ A-4453899, Tasco, Vincenzo. quired to depart from the United States and A-6446668, Teitelbaum, Hana, Mrs. or Mrs. Mr. WALTER. Mr. Sp.eaker, I ask upon failure to do so shall be deported in Hana Teitelbaum (nee Halberstam). unanimous consent to · take from the accordance with the provisions of sections A-6923989, Theocharis, George Emanual. 19 and 20 of the Immigration Act of Feb­ A-9023412 Thomas, Pnangiotos Sotiriou, Speaker's desk the bill United States Senate in War II. Certainly the present emer­ from Texas or any member of his com­ her own right. She served in that body gency is not as serious as World War II. mittee that I know of. for about 15 years, succeeding her great Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I object to Mr. McCORMACK. Is that intended and illustrious husband, Hon. T. H. Cara­ the present consideration of this bill. as an implied rebuke to anybody? way. After the death of her husband she Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. BECKWORTH. No; no rebuke is was on November 13, 1931, appointed to unanimous consent to proceed for 1 min­ implied. However, I feel the situation succeed him and to serve until the next ute for the purpose of asking the ma­ should be clear. general election. Then at the following jority leader if he ca:ri clarify the pro­ Mr. McCORMACK. If so, let me ad­ general election in 1932 was elected to gram for the next day or two, or up to vise the gentleman-- a full term. She was reelected in 1938, January 1. The SPEAKER. The Chair will .state and she retired at the expiration of her The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that the gentleman's recognition is en­ term on January 3, 1945. Many of the the request of the gentleman from Illi­ tirely within the discretion of the Chair. people of. Arkansas will remember Mrs. nois? If the Chair thinks other matters have Caraway as a charming and pleasant There was no objection. priority, they will be taken up first. young woman in her early days; they LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM Mr. BECKWORTH. The gentleman will remember her as a beautiful and just wants it understood. · . Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, to- charming, hospitable and pleasing wife Mr. McCORMACK. But the gentle­ and widow of the great Senator, T. H. . morrow will be confined to any con­ man from Massachusetts wants the gen­ ference reports that may be ready; also tleman from Texas to understand that Caraway. Their residence in Arkansas any bills that can be taken up by unani­ there are situations where members of was at Jonesboro. All of Arkansas will mous consent. That is always implied remember her as one of the outstanding a committee cannot be consulted at members of the United States Senate if it is not expressed. times. · I am unable to state whether the con­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The gentleman for a period of about 15 years. After she ference report will be ready on the tax from Ohio simply asked that question be­ retired from the United States Senate · bill. If so, we would like to get through cause he had bE!en assigned the rule on she was appointed to the United States with that tomorrow. If not, it will be the War Powers Act on the minority side, Employees Commission and then in 1946 taken up on January 1. she was appointed to the United States and he just wanted to know what time Employees Compensation Appeals Board. The union shop bill will be taken up he should be here. on January 1, as well as the War Powers She always rendered very able and con­ Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman scientious public service. Act. from Massachusetts is sorry the gentle­ Any conference reports not acted upon man from Ohio has not had an oppor­ I wish to say on behalf of the people tomorrow will be taken up on January tunity to make the· speech he has in of Arkansas that we bow our heads to­ 1. I do not know of any other legisla­ day in grief and sorrow at the untimely mind. · · passing and answering· of the last roll tion, but by this statement I do not .Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I am sure the want to exclude any other legislation call of that great, good, and gracious House has lost a great deal of wisdom. woman, Mrs. Hattie W. Caraway of Ar­ being considered on January 1 if tha~ Mr. McCORMACK. Whether we may develop. What I have stated is the · kansas. We extend our deepest sym­ agree on that or not, _we all agree that we pathy to her surviving children, Messrs. only legislation I can specifically refer respect the gentleman and his views. to that will be taken up after we meet Forrest and Paul Caraway. on January·l. CHRISTMAS GREETINGS AND OUR GRATI· Mr: HARRI€. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. PHILLIPS of California. What TUDE TO THE BOYS IN KOREA gentleman yield? about the appropriation bill? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Mr. NORRELL. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. TABER. The appropriation bill Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ man from Arkansas. is going to ·conference tonight, we ex­ dress the House for 1 minute -and to re­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I join pect. vise and extend my remarks. with my colleague and the other mem­ Mr. McCORMACK. We are hopeful The SPEAKER. Is there objection to bers of the Arkansas delegation, and I that that will be agreed upon and acted the request of the gentlewoman from am sure all Members of the Congress, upon tomorrow . .If that is agreed upon, Massachusetts? ·in expressing my deep regret and sorrow it will be acted upon tomorrow. Also There was no objection. at the passing of former Senator Cara• the conference report on the tax biU, if Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. way. that has been agreed upon in con~erence. Speaker, it would be ironical to wish the I knew Mrs. Caraway very wen, as did Mr. BROWN of Ohio. -Mr. Speaker, men fighting for us in Korea a merry the gentleman and the other members will the gentleman yield? Christmas, but we can unite in sending of our delegation. We had known her Mr. McCORMACK. I yield. them our prayers, our love, and our deep for a long, long time. We knew her Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I have been as­ gratitude for what they are doing for us. husband before her, a very able Senator signed the rule on the War Powers Act The Prince of Peace was born years in the United States Senate representing on the minority side. · I understood the ago on Christmas Day. The Prince of our State. gentleman to say the railroad labor bill Peace gave his life for us. These men I learned that Mrs. Caraway passed and the War Powers Act would be called in Korea are giving their lives for us. up on January 1. Can the gentleman away only a little while ago. My heart We can pledge ourselves today never for was sad, regardless of the fact I had tell us which bill will be called up first one instant to cease to care for them and under that schedule? known about her condition during the to see that their sacrifices are not· in past several weeks. We had known her Mr. McCORMACK. I am unable to vain. We can pray that their sacrifices . state that, but it is my understanding will bring a just and lasting peace. as not only a very fine woman but one that, if the gentleman from Texas [Mr. of the outstanding Senators who served THE LATE HON. HATTIE W. CARAWAY BECKWORTH] seeks recognition, he prob­ the Government of the United States, ably will have to be recognized. Mr. NORRELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask her country, and the Senate of the Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, will unanimous consent to address the House United States. I know her two boys, the gentleman yield.? for 1 minute and to revise and extend both of whom graduated from West Mr. McCORMACK. I yield. my remarks. . Point Military Academy and now are 16940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE DECEMBER 21 serving their country in the Armed Arkansas, covered a span of 32 years and sert "$12,500"; amendment numbered 2, re­ Forces. . they left a lasting influence upon our store the language "personal injuries and". The people of our State are bereaved State and national life. The citizens of And the Senate agree to the same. WILLIAM T. BYRNE, in the loss of this outstanding woman cur State experience a deep sorrow. in the WINFIELD K. DENTON, who has made such a remarkable record passing of Mrs. Caraway and they will . KENNETH B. KEATING, during her lifetime. She was a person always cherish the memory of this good Managers on the Part of the House. of sweet disposition, lovable character, and faithful servant of her people. HARLEY M. KILGORE, firm in her conviction, loyal to her Mr. NORRELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask WARREN G. MAGNUSON, friends, and a very able servant. Our unanimous consent that · all Members ALEXANDER WILEY, State and Nation have lost a most loyal may have five legislative day~ in which Managers on the Part of the Senate. officer in the important post she has held to extend their remarks on the passing for several years as a member of the of Mrs. Caraway. STATEMENT Federal Employees Compensation Com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection The managers on the part of the House mission. to the request of the gentleman from at the conference on the disagreeing votes She has now gone to rest with the Arkansas? of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 4803) for the relief Great Maker and Master of all, our God, There was no objection. of Bernard F. Eimers submit the following as she was a. ·devoted Christian mother. Mr. NORRELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield statement in explanation of the effect of the May our Lord keep her jn peace and to the gentlewoman from Massachu~etts action agreed upon by the conferees and have blessing on her soul. [Mrs. ROGERS]. . " recommended in the accompanying confer­ I join with the gentleman and others Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. ence report: in extending to the family, to which she Speaker, I would like to pay my tribute This bill as passed the House appropriated was so devoted and loved so much, our to Senator Hattie Caraway. I knew her the sum of $12,500 to Bernard F. Elmers for heartfelt sympathy in their bereave- for a great many years. I always ad­ personal injuries and property damage sus­ mml · mired her; admired her for her ability, tained by him on July 8, 1947, when he was assaulted and robbed while employed as a Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will her courage, her moral and physical civilian employee of the Army Exchange the gentleman yield? courage, her courage to do what she Service, serving with the Army in Germany. Mr. NORRELL. I yield to the gentle­ thought was right, to vote as she thought Mr. Elmers could not be regarded as having man from Massachusetts. she ought to vote. I saw her once when been an employee of the United States for Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I she was injured. It was a very painful the purpose of entitlement to the benefits join with the distinguished gentleman and very trying injury. . I remember her of the United States Employees' Compensa­ physical courage at that time. I re­ tion Act of September 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 742; from Arkansas and the Members of the 5 U. S. C. 751), as amended. The officers' Arkansas delegation in the deserving and member her brilliant mind and I know of mess and the enlisted men's club, whose splendid tribute they have paid to the no one who had a quicker or more. de­ accounts he had been ·auditing during the life and memory of Mrs. Caraway, lightful wit than Hattie Caraway. I evening he was injured, are not operated by Mrs. Caraway was not only a sweet remember during World War I, the or connected with the Army Exchange Serv­ lady but an outstanding legislator, a fine friendliness and the generosity of the ice. His injuries received while he was re­ and noble character with a philosoph­ Arkansas people when they gave wheat turning home after auditing the accounts of for the war. We shall miss Hattie those agencies cannot, therefore, be consid­ ical mind, one who attracted and made ered as having been sustained during the friends because of the respect they had Caraway, Mr. Speaker, and I join in course of his employment with the Army for her. mourning her loss. Exchange Service. Consequently, he is not Her late husband was also one of the Mr. NORRELL. I thank the gentle­ entitled to any benefits under the employees' outstanding Members of the United woman from Massachusetts very kindly, compensation insurance provided from pri­ vate sources for the protection of Army States Senate, a most unusual situation BERNARD F. ELMERS I in our history for a husband and wife Exchange Service employees. Mr. BYRNE of New York. Mr. Inasmuch as the evidence in this case both to have served in the Senate of the Speaker, I call up the conference report shows that Mr. Elmers was assaulted while United States. That very fact of itself returning to his quarters late at night after shows the respect and the confidence the on the bill China is concerned, for fund, and the following amendment was P!'obably time will prove my analysis is example, most Americans had conjured agreed upon: inaccurate, my fears unfounded, and my up a mental picture of a few GI's with Page 1, line 3, strike out "That the Secre­ recommendations ill-advised. Be that as tary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, machine guns ordering several thousand authorized and directed to pay, out of any it may, and in the full realization of my Chinese to lay down their sticks and money in the Tr.easury not ot herwise appro­ own lack of qualifications to either an­ stones and go back to the ri~e paddies. priated," and insert in lieu thereof the fol­ alyze or advise, I cannot conscientiously Ten years ago it was having some Amer­ lowing : "That the Secretary of State be, remain silent. I can merely express my ican battleship take an afternoon off to and he is hereby, authorized and directed to thottghts and then those of greater sink the Jap Navy. 'Think back to Pearl pay, out of the funds appropriated for the knowledge and wisdom may accept or re­ Harbor and you will recall that no one Intern ational Refugee Organization"; Sen­ ject them. could comprehend that tiny Japan dared ate amendm ent No. 1, in lieu of the sum in­ serted by the Senate amendment insert CHANGING WORLD stand up to mighty America. "$12,500"; amendment No. 2, restore the lan­ We in America must awaken to the Was it only the people in Government guage "icersonal injuries and". fact that ~he world has changed in the who did not understand that? No, it WILLIAM T. BYRNE, past 20 years. We are aware of that in a was the people of America. WINFIELD K. DENTON, vague sort of way, but the full realiza­ We thought we could win by calling KENNETH B. KEATING, the Japs "monkey men" who lived on a M anagers on the Part of the House. tion of its meaning has not yet struck us with any forcible impact. Consequently, pound of rice a month and were crazy enough to believe their Emperor was di­ Mr. BYRNE of New York. Mr. we do not know what we are up against. The world has the same geography in vine. Then we learned that monkey Speaker, I move the previous question men fired bullets that killed as effective­ on the conference report. terms of land and water-but the countries of the world have changed and are ly as those fired by fine young Ameri­ The previous question was ordered. · cans. We found out that the pound of The conference report was agreed to. · changing daily. I do not refer merely to boundary lines but rather to changes of rice a month we had sneered at kept the A mot ioI}. .to reconsider was laid on Jap as healthy as a month's GI rations. the table. values. In many cases the strong have become weak and the weak strong, Ag­ And crazy Japs who died for an Emperor PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT ricultural people have become industrial, they believed to be divine also took young Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, on yes­ backward nations progressive, peaceful Americans to death with them. terday the gentleman from Pennsylvania civilizations warlike, and vice versa. We had been blissfully unaware of the [Mr. CORBETT] and myself were delayed Giant nations have toppled, slumbering fact that the world had been changing. by the late arrival of the plane. Had peoples are stirring, revolutions, both We had thought Japan was Gilbert and we been able to get here in time we would peaceful and bloody, have been changing Sullivan-but when the curtain went up, · have voted "aye" on the civil defense the course of history. New philosophies, there was Tojo. measure. new sets of values, new ways of living THE ATOM BOMB The SPEAKER. Under previous order have appeared. The once slow march of Today we are beginning to recognize of the House the gentleman from Massa­ science has }?ecome a :flight too rapid for that many nations have military chusetts [Mr. FuRcoLo] is recognized for our vision or intellect. We are dimly strength equal to or greater than ours­ 60 minutes. aware of it but its true significance has "but we have the atom bomb." We will BLUEPRINT FOR SECURITY escaped us. not open our eyes to the facts of life and realize that neither the atom bomb nor Mr. FURCOLO. Mr. Speaker, may it THE OLD ORDER CHANGETH We are not living in the same world or anything else is a quick, easy, and safe please the House: Like all of you, I have way out of the situation in which we and been searching for some way out of the at the same time as many other nations, in one sense. Measured by time as we the world find ourselves. disastrous situation in which America The days of monkey men and Maginot finds itself. In analyzing that situation, know it, America and many nations of · comparable culture have progressed 50 lines are gone forever. The world is it seems to me that out of all the tangled moving and will continue to move too events of the recent past, two conclu­ years in the last decade-but still other nations have progressed a thousand years rapidly. There is no "atom bomb line" sions can be drawn: First, this Nation any more than there was ever really a has had no definite long-range policy in the same period. Where our own ex­ perience has perhaps been an orderly "Maginot line." Neither will there be a up.on which a predetermined course of "chemical line" or a "bacteriological war­ action could be taken; second, commu­ transition from horse to auto to airplane to atomic energy, others have gone al­ fare line" or anything else. We are nism has had such a policy. trapped, hoist by the petard of our own The time has long since come for this most directly from horse to atomic Nation to guide itself by planned action energy, The whole world is catching up civilization. rather than by intuitive guesswork. with us. The old order changeth so that NOT THE ANSWER • We must accept the facts as they are, today very few, if any, nations tremble at We must banish all self-delusions or evaluate them to the best of our present the voice of America. There are many we shall perish in the darkness of ig­ ability, and then act. We can no giants today. norance. We cannot find the path 16942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21 through th_e for est unless we first see the it should enable the powers that be to look on war as being normal. It is the trees. decide on a long-range policy to achieve only way of life many of the Chinese The facts are that we cannot destroy peace. Instead of drifting, hoping Communists have ever known. They do Russia or China or communism by the against hope that a favorable wind will not think of death and destruction in atom bomb without destroying the world. come, we will steer a definite course to­ the same terms that America does be­ We may bomb the cities of Russia, but ward a definite objective. We have not cause both those tragedies have little what will we then do about the rest of been able to do that because we have meaning for people who have spent their Europe when Russian soldiers move into never really known the various stations lives in the midst of death and destruc­ France, Germany, Poland, Italy, and on the way to our ultimate destination. tion. other nations? Can the Russian soldiers PRECIPICE TO PRECIPICE ONCE UPON A TIME in Europe be destroyed by the atom bomb We have had an essentially negative We have been adjusted to dealing with without destroying all the people of Eu­ policy of waiting for an emergency, then European nations. Our relationships, rope? Are we also to assume that Rus­ rushing to patch up the situation, then our diplomacy, and our wars have been sir, has no retaliatory weapons of ~er sitting back and hoping that no future with peoples of Europe who have our own? emergencies would arise. We have own general background and civilization. The atom bomb alone is not the an­ breathlessly rushed from crisis to crisis We understood them and they under­ swer. Other nations may have it or like a mountain goat hopping from stood us because, basically and funda­ something equally effective. Or, if they precipice to precipice, always hoping mentally, we were of the same human do not, we cannot use it without destroy­ that we might somehow escape falling cloth. Our philosophies, our minds, our ing our friends as well as our enemies. into the abyss. ways of life were very much alike. We Let me point out that I do not intend When war clouds gathered, we have spoke their language in mind if not in at this time to discuss the moral issues drafted a few men, threatened industry tongue. Is that true of the peoples with involved in either using the atom bomb and labor, disrupted homes, thrown whom we must deal from now on? Do or engaging in preventive war. I am business . and the stock market into a we know what appeals to or impresses merely trying to an·alyze the facts with­ tail spin, and scared the daylights out the Oriental mind? Or the Communist out getting into moral questions that of the Nation. Two weeks later we re­ mind? The Hindus? The Moslems? might well affect any decision to be made sumed normal living. Another crisis, Once . whatever made sense to us also by this country. more jitters, then normalcy again. made sense to the other powerful ~­ WHERE WE STAND There has been no certainty, no perma­ tions of the world because we all lived Aside from the atom bomb, where do nence, no settling down to anything­ by substantially the same standards, we stand militarily? Taking the most neither to war nor to peace. We haver beliefs, morals, religions, and philoso­ optimistic view, those we consider our between the two, being afraid to accept phies. Our way of dealing with the enemies have more men under arms than either. world was based on that criterion. It is we do, have. equally good weapons and REMEDIES? difficult if not impossible for us to realize equipment, and have certai.n geographic There is a panacea for each of ·us, de­ that that is no longer true in the world adv.antages. pending upon who we are. The Republi­ today. On long-range policy, where do we cans can blame the Democrats who are The world of 20 years ago is no longer stand? Our enemies seem to know in power, the Democrats can accuse the with us. Instead we have a completely where they are going, what they will try Republicans of sabotaging efforts of the new world and perhaps--not inevitably to do, and when they will seek to accom­ administration, the people can blame but merely perhaps-there must be new plish it. They know the what, where, both parties. Praise Johnson for econ­ ways of dealing with this new world. when, how, and why of their endeavors. omy, then condemn him for stupidity. THE TASK BEFORE US Do we? Impeach the President, throw Acheson We must set out to accomplish many The easy answer is to say that all we out, fire MacArthur. A head can roll for seemingly inconsistent ends. We must want is peace, but how do we achieve it? every new disaster-but will it stop Stalin prepare for both war and peace, make What do we do? When? Where? How? or Mao? sacrifices without undermining our own O, there are so many questions but so We have weakened ourselves and our standard of living, adjust o·ur way of few answers. chances for ultimate peace because we life to the realities of the world, and yet THE TERRmLE TRUTH still insist on thinking of every new de­ velopment as being a new crisis. The still keep our democratic institutions. There .can be no peacetime economy truth is that we are in for one · crisis How can we do it? How can we save for America in a world of nations living after the other and we had better adjust both America and the American way of under wartime economies. There will to "situation crisis" as being "situation life? be no peace in our lifetime-none, that normal." We must settle down before A 25-YEAR PLAN is, as we have always thought of peace. we can help the world ·to settle down. First of all, we must become strong There may be for future generations, militarily. We must adopt a plan that but only if we have the ·fortitude to THE PEOPLE'S FIGHT will enable us to keep adequate military measure up to the task before us in this That calls for positive diplomacy on strength for 25 years without bank­ generation. the part of our leaders--hard, definite, rupting the Nation. Let us at least plan Of course, we in this generation must calculated diplomacy that the world will for 25 years-we can always abandon always keep our eyes raised to the hope understand. But the tragic truth is that the plan if events prove we have been of true and lasting peace in our lifetime, no such action is even possible until the overly pessimisitic. but we must also keep our eyes on the people of this Nation are first condi­ At least three objections are immedi­ road to that sort of peace. The road is tioned for and ready to accept such ately presented: First, the manpower going to be long and difficult, and it will leadership with all the sacrifices it will shortage; second, the expense; third, the not be traveled in 5, 10, or perhaps even entail. disruption of individual and family life. 20 years. The way will be precarious, There is absolutely no way of accom­ l'hose same objections are not so force­ fraught with danger and hardship, and plishing the task without the complete ful if we are planning for only a year or calling for personal sacrifices on the part and wholehearted support of all the two but a long range policy covering 25 of everyone in the Nation. people of the Nation. It is really the years is another story. It will involve gearing our Nation to a ft.ght of the people, not simply that of wartime economy for many years--a the President or the State Department . MANPOWER-MONEY-MORES wartime economy even if our men are or the members of the Armed Forces. Is there any plan that may resolve the not actively engaged in combat any place All the people must appreciate what three difficulties outlined above? The in the world. That is a very difficult . this country is up against. They must OJVY suggestions being considered are thing for peace-loving Americans to un­ try to understand the difficulties that either universal military training or a dertake, but there is no escape from· it confront our Nation when dealing with draft similar to that used in World because we cannot escape the world in some of the other nations of the world. Wars I and II or a combination of the which· we live. · We have a horror of war because of the two; ·I do not believe either plan, or a • How will realization of that terrible havoc; suffering, and death it brings­ combination of ·the two, is the answer. truth be of help to America? First of all, but there are many peoples today who Either or both may be all right for a 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16943 short period of time, but I do not think They recognize that nothing will more We have the best-paid, best-clothed, either is suitable for any long-range pro­ seriously undermine the American way and best-fed servicemen in the world. gram, assuming that we do not want to of life than disruption of our families. There are times when that is not true, bankrupt the Nation or seriously under­ They know the consequences of that just of course, but over any long period it is mine the American way of life. as we do. a fact. We do not have slave labor in INTERNAL COLLAPSE Now, if my talk were based on an a:s­ industry or agriculture, we do not ex­ It is impossible for us to consider any sumption of a short war, the family ploit any conquered nations, we do not draft or military training program with­ problem would of course still be serious have a low standard of living, and we do out also taking into account the Nation's but·would not be insurmountable. How­ not have the same type of economy or • financial status. We must figure the ever, it is a different matter where any culture that characterizes many other tremendous drain of finances and the long-range policy is concerned. It of nations. That is why our military struc­ possibility of a complete collapse of our course is also directly connected with the ture must always have a standing force financial structure. We must remem­ military, financial, and productive prob­ numerically less than that of our ene­ ber that this country can be destroyed lems. mies. I emphasize standing force, and, from within as well as from without. Even with generous family allowances, by that term, mean men actually in the Internal collapse can give victory to our the wives, children, and parents of _serv­ service 24 hours a day. And, of course, enemies just as quickly as defeat on the icemen suffer. Family allowances will I am not referring now to a shooting war. battlefield. We cannot simply order increase with its resultant effect upon UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING? millions of men into uniform without our financial condition. Industrial out­ If putting all men under arms is not first knowing what the financial effect put is decreased as skilled workers are the answer, how about the alternative upon the country will be. Obviously, we taken from industry. The same is true offered of a fairly large standing force must have armed forces that can ade­ of agriculture and all other fields of en­ coupled with universal military training quately protect the security of this Na­ deavor, of course. Yet, in spite of eve~y­ whereby a substantial force of young tion. But we must never lose sight of thing, we must somehow afford to give men will also be trained and theoreti- the fact that the security of the Nation this Nation adequate military protection. cally ready for active duty?. . can also be endangered by financial We dare not do otherwise. What is the That may be adequate but I do not bankruptcy. best way of doing that? believe that is the answer, either. The Before we can answer, we must admit expense, while less than the other, is still NATURAL PREJUDICE that any conclusion we reach is going to It is probably not the primary respon­ great. But, in addition to that, the sys­ be merely a guess or a calculated risk. tem may still not always make available sibility of the military to be concerned We cannot conclude anything until we about finances. Neither is it the pri­ for active duty a large enough group have assumed a set of facts that we are in a short enough time, assuming com­ mary responsibility of our financial ex­ willing to use for a springboard to our perts to be concerned about the size of plete mobilization as quickly as possi­ ultimate decision. Again, we must an­ ble becomes necessary. . It still lea:ves the military. The military man nat­ alyze the situation coldly and ascertain urally feels that the best way to guar­ many millions of potential fighting men the known facts to the best of our ability. out of the defense picture. In the world antee the security of the Nation is by To the known facts must be added cer­ giving the · Armed Forces whatever is today, we cannot leave anyone out of our tain estimated or probable facts that will defense set-up. Failure to adequately needed. The financier naturally thinks provide us with a basic assumption. Be­ prepare every possible fighting man may the best way to guarantee the security fore we can adopt any long-range policy, be fatal to the sec·urity of this Nation. of the Nation is by avoiding bankruptcy. we must start from a basis of some sort. Each authority is a product of his own There may not be any solution but We know we must become militarily I believe all of us have a duty to make background and experience, and each strong. What is the best way to achieve has a natural bias. or prejudice in favor suggestions in the hope that something that end? constructive may possibly be offered. of his particular viewpoint. We all rep­ THE EASIEST WAY resent our own beliefs, and our opinions That is the reason for my talk. are colored by our convictions gained One easy answer is to decide that we THREEFOLD PROGRAM in a lifetime. Each, in his own way, is must immediately put as many men un­ The military preparedness program right; but, in another sense, each is der arms as our enemies have and at all that I suggest, as one part of a long­ wrong in. that he only sees a part of the times maintain a standing army as large range program, is threefold. First of all, entire picture. as theirs. Unfortunately, we cannot I believe we should immediately .estab­ The same is true when we begin to match them man-for-man because their lish an armed force that will have suffi­ consider the effect of a manpo"wer short­ numbers are greater. But suppose we cient personnel to meet the needs of the age on domestic industry. The indus­ could? Suppose we immediately put ten present situation. Those men would be trialist. believes that emphasis must be or fifteen million men under arms. drafted under the Selective Service Sys­ Would that be a solution? placed on keeping our productive ou~put tem. By' sufficient I mean 1,000,000 · at highest efficiency. And there is a It would answer the military phase, more men than must be sent ot~t of the great deal to be said for his viewpoint perhaps. But what about our financial country immediately. . that the way to win wars or to guar­ structure? ·what about our production? Let me illustrate very roughly by as­ antee America's security is by keeping What about the domestic upheaval? suming that we must immediately pro­ defense production moving at top speed. The cost of keeping 15,000,000 men under vide 2 000 000 men for service abroad, All three-the financier, the military arms even for a short period is stagger­ wheth~r that service be as part of United man, and the industrialist--.-recognize ing. The cost for a 25-year period would Nations troops or as A:i;nerican troops. the need for strength in all three depart­ be disastrous to our entire economy and I use the figure 2,000 ,000 arbitrarily ments. But each believes most consid­ to our American way of life. merely for purposes of illustration. The eration should be given to his particular If Russia wanted to see us destroyed, correct figure might be more or less than field. the easiest way for her to accomplish that. Under my plan, an additional FAMILY PROBLEM that end would be to lead us into the 1 000,000 men would also be called to To further complicate the picture, maintenance of a huge standing army a~tive duty to be held in readiness in there is the individual or family prob­ for a long period of time. .Our produc­ camps here in this country. In brief, lem. It seems that most families are tive output would be seriously damaged, the first part of the program I suggest is for a strong America and fully appreciate our financial structure would collapse, merely a draft under the already estab­ the .need for sound economy, full mili­ and our American way ·of life would be lished selective-service system. tary strength, and maximum productive dangerously undermined or destroyed. My reason for the figure of 1,000,000 output. The only condition they place The battle might be won without a single men held in camps is this: It is impos­ upon such endeavors is that the ends be shot having been fired. sible to ship more than a million men accomplished without disrupting the OtJR STANDARDS ARE DIFFERENT • out of America to probable battlefields in family life of America-or, as they put Why is it that other nations can sup­ less than 6 months, even under the best it to most Congressmen: "Cannot they port large standing armies? Because conditions we could hope for, and using win the war witho:it my · husband?" their standards are different than ours. every means of transportation we have. 16944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21 Our military leaders know that and tially trained young men between the purpose because the actual hours would every nation in the world knows it, too. ages of 17 and 22-a reserve that is avail­ depend largely on the type of instruction The conclusion is reached simply by able for active duty at any time, a reserve to be given. It might well be that one 8- counting· ships, determining the number that cannot even be shipped abroad until hour day a week with study periods at of men each can carry, and figuring the the million men already under arms in home would be preferable. length of time the voyage would take. military camps in this country have first I believe 520 hours a year of such HOW LONG A TRAINING PERIOD? been shipped overseas. - training would be the equivalent of 2 CIVILIAN SELECTEES months of training as a recruit on active Why is the figure "6 months" so im­ duty in the Armed Forces, with the ex­ portant? Because the program I suggest The third step in the program I sug­ ception of physical conditioning. I also is based on the belief that troops can gest I have called ·a Civilian-Selectee believe that a person who had had such be ready for combat duty after 6 months System. It will operate somewhat like training would only need an additional of training. the · present selective-service system, 4 months of active duty to be prepared I am not an authority on military under Which we draft men right into the for combat assignment, if it became nec­ training; in fact, I know practically noth­ Armed Forces, but it is not an actual essary to call him into the Armed Forces. ing about it. But I believe any civilian draft for active military duty. There probably would be at least who ev~r served in the last war will cor­ What I call the Civilian-Selectee Sys­ 15,000,000 men eligible for civilian roborate my statement. Actually I be­ tem would operate in this way: a civil­ selectee service. That would give the lieve only 3 months of training is neces­ ian-selectee board, very comparable to military an additional reserve of 15,000,- sary but I have doubled the figure to be the Selective Service Draft Board, would 000 at least partially trained men to call on the safe side. be established as a counterpart to the on if needed by this Nation. I believe most authorities in the mili­ draft board. Except for students who tary itself say that 10 months of training were receiving training under the stu­ OVER-ALL MILITARY PICTURE is necessary for combat duty. Experi­ dent military training program outlined What would our over-all military pic­ ence in the last war does not substantiate above, every male civilian between the ture be then? Assuming 2.0.00,000 men their qpinion, in my belief. However, as ages of 17 and 35 would be available for are already abroad, another million in I shall attempt to point out, I believe training under the Civilian-Selectee Sys­ this country on active duty in military even the military viewpoint can be recon­ tem. The only other exceptions would camps and fully trained for combat duty, ciled with my estimate of 6 months. be exemptions granted under provisions there would be another half million This is why: The military's own esti­ similar to those prevailing under our about half trained under the Student mate is based on training a completely present draft laws. Military Training program, and another raw recruit who has had no instruction TRAINING CENTERS 15,000,000 at least partially trained un­ of any kind and who knows absolutely der the Civilian-Selectee System. And, nothing about military life. That, how­ Training centers would be established returning to my original point that it will ever, is not true . under the second and for every community in the Nation. take at least 6 months to transport those third steps of my program which insure Heavily populated areas might have sev­ in camps to overseas duty, it also means that the recruits our Armed Forces get eral training centers; rural areas might that there is still more than ample time will have had a high degree of preservice have a central place for many surround­ to fully train every single one in that ing communities. As far as possible, ex­ vast reserve of manpower. training. With such personnel, I be­ isting facilities would be used but un­ lieve even the military will agree that 6 If they are needed, the military will months in the service is more than ade­ questionably many additional ones would still have an additional 6 months to give also have to be provided. them full military training as active duty quate preparation for combat duty. A schedule of training hours, probably STUDENTS draftees because they cannot be shipped not to exceed 10 hours a week, would be abroad for at least 6 months. They The second step of the program I sug­ established. Regular military men would cannot because every available means gest would be. what I call a Student Mili­ be instructors. Insofar as possible, of transportation will be being used to tary Training program· of 3 months a training materials would be the same ship the million men already in camps year for every high-school or college as those used by recruits on active duty on active duty. student between the ages of 17 and 35. in the Armed Forces. The training pe­ Assuming my facts are true, it means Those 3 months would be from June 15 riod would be 1 year-about 520 hours that the military has at all times a con­ to September 15, 8 hours a day. The of training on the basis of 10 hours a stant supply of adequately trained men only exemptions for this type of train­ week. ready for combat just as fast as the mili­ ing would be for reasons determined by Rules for attendance, standards for tary has means of transportation to get our present selective-service boards or marks, and other such details would be them overseas. similar judges-probably for physical established. The enforcement provi­ cause or for unusual hardship. Whether sions would be extremely strict: eligible NET RESULT any payment for such service could or for immediate call in the actual draft The net result is this: The military has could not be given to trainees would be for absenteeism or continued failure to enough men, domestic production has decided after a car.eful study of the coun­ maintain satisfactory grades. There enough men, families are not disrupted, try's financial state. Even if not paid, I would be provisions to protect civilian and there is no great drain on the Na­ believe most students would prefer this selectees from unfair treatment, dis­ tion's finances. type of training to the universal military­ criminatory instructors, and other -pos­ Certainly such a program protects training system with pay. sible injustices. home life because it leaves more men at The period from June 15 to Septem­ Insofar as possible, the hours of train­ home with their families. Certainly ber 15 is based on two reasons: First, it ing would be set so as to interfere as industry and agriculture are better off will not interfere with their education; little as possible with the civilian se­ for the same reason: more men remain second, 3 months at 8 hours a day is a lectee's daily work and home life. I on their jobs. Certainly such a program fairly substantial period of training for would assume that most civilian selec­ means a treme·ndous financial saving be­ youths of that age who will still receive tees would put in 4 hours on Saturday cause fewer men are receiving military at least an additional 6 months of fur­ and 3 hours a night on two weekday pay, food, clothing, and so forth; and ther training after they have been called nights for a .total of 10 hours a week. fewer family allotments are being paid to active duty, assuming that eventuality Men working the 3 to 11 shift in indus­ out by the Government. arises. And, as I have pointed out, since try-assuming industry goes on 2 or 3 As under the student military training it is virtually impossible for them to shifts a day-would probably have their program, it could be decided whether or even be landed abroad before they have training mornings-4 hours on Saturday not the country is able to pay civilian been on active duty for 6 months, they morning and 3 hours a morning on 2 selectees anything. Even if not paid, I will have had approximately at least 9 weekdays for a total of 10 hours. believe most men would prefer civilian­ months of military training before get· I am giving a very rough sketch of selectee training without pay to the al­ ting combat duty, what I have in mind to illustrate possible ternative of active military duty with I assume that such a student military.. training schedules. To detail it at pay. training program would give the military length would require considerable time Incidentally, the financial saving part a reserve of about one-half million par- and, in addition, would not serve much 1s double-barreled; not only is the 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16945 Government saving money on salaries Learning the mechanisms of weapons I think a survey will disclose that most and allowances but it is actually taking· is a little different. As far as small arms communities already have existing fa- in more money in the form of income are .concerned-revolvers, rifles, and . cilities that are adequate. Schools, ar­ taxes from men who earn more because small weapons-there's nc great prob­ mories, gymnasiums, public halls, grange they remain ori their civilian jobs than lem. Y~m need the weapon, an in­ halls, civic and social clubrooms, arenas, those men would pay from their earn­ st~uctor, and maybe some printed dia­ YMCA's, Legion homes, police depart­ ings in the military services. grams. The student learns the parts of ments, athletic fields, town halls, com­ The threefold program I have out­ the revolver or rifle and he practices tak­ munity halls, church basements, rod and lined is the best method I can think of ing it apart, putting it together, and the gun club grounds, parks, and other simi­ to militarily guarantee national security cleaning and proper care of it. You do lar facilities exist in practically every without hurting our pi:oductive output, not need a camp for that. The same community. Most industrial communi­ bankrupting the Nation, or seriously un­ would apply to most machine guns, I be­ ties also have large gathering places in dermining our American way of life. · Of lieve. factories and other similar buildings. course it is based on the two major as­ Heavier artillery poses a different There are military bases in many areas sumptions: First, we are not in world problem only because of its size, and it of the country that also could be of great war III; second, we need a 25-year undoubtedly would be impractical to help. long-range policy. learn too much about it outside of a camp So, to begin with, I think that many, WILL IT WORK except for book knowledge-which, inci­ many communities would be able to pro­ Will such a program work? I do not dentally, is of great importance in learn­ vide training space in local Federal, imagine you will find a military leader in ing the theory and parts of heavier State, town, and public buildings, to­ the country who will . say that it will. weapons. gether with existing private facilities, at I will b ' surprised if even one agrees with · Other things a recruit may learn no expense to the Government. me in the conclusions I have drawn. But might include -study to properly identify Of course it would also be necessary to there are certain facts on which I think planes, ships, tanks, and so on to be able erect suitable structures in many, if not many will agree. to distinguish friendly ones from those all, sections of the country. That would The first one, and to me the basic one, of the enemy. That is almost completely run to con&iderable expense but it would is that they cannot ship over 1,000,000 taught by books, movie slides, toy models, only be a fraction of the cost of contin­ men abroad in 6 months if they use and so. forth. Identification can be uing under the existing system. every means of transportation we riow learned just as well in any adequate IT SAVES A HUNDRED BILLION DOLLARS IN 5 YEARS have or expect to have for another 2 room as it can in a camp classroom. Suppose a thousand facilities had to years. Semaphore, Morse codes, ship's lights, be established all over the country in The second one on which I think they signal identification and things of that places where there were no facilities of will agree is that a man who has had nature-all classroom instruction with any kind. I assume it would not cost absolutely no military training of any books ot slides, and so forth. over $230,000 at mcst per facility. The kind can be made ready for combat duty Learning the layout of a ship, nautical total cost would be about $2 00,000,000. within 10 months from the time he first terms, how to tie knots, points of the Even that relatively small cost is fur­ enters the service. If they do not agree compass, and so on-about a hundred ther minimized in that the buildings to that, I believe the testimony of those percent classroom training. e::-ected would have considerable value who know best of all should be heard: Rernlver firing practice is exactly the to the Government. The buildings con­ the civilians who served in the last war. same outside of a camp as in it, provided tinue to have value even after long usage They may disagree with my estimate a sa~e location is chosen. Any com­ and are not in the same category as food, completely-I have no way of knowing munity has at least dozens of safe .places uniforms, wages, family allowances, and their opinion, of course-but I believe and most communities already have es­ so forth, which, once used, are gone they know more about it than.anyone. tablished facilities in rod and gun clubs, forever as far as any return value to the police stations", and so forth. The same ASK ANY VETERAN Government is concerned. probably cannot be said for rifle firing Contrast that with the existing sys­ The.third point on which I think many but certainly there would be no great military leaders may agree is that there tem of holding draftees in readiness in problem about revolver firing. Target military camps, where the cost of 4,000,- are at"least a great many details of mili­ practice is still target practice whether tary training that can be given to men 000 men a month runs to over $1 ,000,000,- it is on a firing range, in a camp, or a safe 000-or over $12,000,000 ,000 a year, not outside of regular military camps. Let place outside of camp. me illustrate what I mean. counting other costs of barracks, utili­ Anyone who has ever been in the serv­ ties, and training expenses that would A good part of the training of any ice knows from his own experience that recruit in the Armed Forces involves run to almost another $10,000,000,000 or at least 75 percent of the instruction $12,000,000,000 a year. such matters as drilling, understanding given him in his first 3 months in active commands, practice in military courtesy, Five years of that under the existing duty could be given him just about as system would cost over $100,000,000,000 learning the mechanisms of weapons, well outside of a camp if trained instruc­ firing practice, and such matters. for 4,000,000 men in military camps in tors and proper textbooks, literature, and this Nation. Five years of the Civilian­ Men learn to drill when they are equipment are provided. placed in a body and are given instruc­ Selectee System can be had for consid­ tions by officers. It does not matter He would not get the rigorous physical erably less than $1,000,000,000 total, whether the ground ·on which they stand training, of course-nothing but active even if the erection of training facilities is a drill field in an Army camp or a foot­ duty will give him that, in my opinion­ has cost $200,000,000. ball field or lot outside of camp. It but I do not think that is overly impor­ I do not think providing facilities, if does not matter if lt is an Army base tant when we remember that he will have none be available, is any great obstacle gymnasium or a YMCA, school gym, au­ at least 6 months in camp once he is called to active duty. In less than 2 in those circumstances. ditorium, town hall or· basement outside COOPERATE OR BE DRAFTED of camp. All that is needed is enough · months of active duty the average man room and an instructor giving the right of 17 to 35 will probably be in as good The next question is this: Will the commands. The same thing applies to shape as he is ever going to be. civilian selectees seriously and con­ learning the commands. · He also will not get the discipline or scientiously study, train, and cooperate? A recruit must also learn to know the regimentation that he would on ac­ I think they will for several reasons. military organization, rates ·and ranks, tive duty-but once he. is called for active First and foremost, of course, I believe who to salute and when, ancl things of duty the military will take care of that . they will as a patriotic duty. that nature. That is mostly classroom in a good deal less than 6 months. Secondly, they will be impelled by rec­ training that can be done practically as DOES YOUR OWN COMMUNITY HAVE FACILITIES? ognizing the need for it if this country is well outside of a camp as in it. There is no difficulty about obtaining to be saved. What about first-aid training? Can instructors and educational material: Thirdly, the urge for civilian self­ an instructor teach that as well outside the military already has both available. preservation and the desire to avoid ac­ a camp ·as in it if he has textbooks and But there is a question about facilities in tive duty will be a strong factor. The bandages?. which to teach. system provides that failure to comply 16946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21 - with regulations means induction into I believe we in Congress have the re- . Patriotism and sacrifices for this Na­ the Armed Forces. sponsibility of looking at the entire pic­ tion are not solely the privilege of those As I pointed out before, there will be ture. of draft age. We cannot spare anyone suitable safeguards to protect the indi­ I do not believe any s_olution is proper needed, whether it be individuals under vidual from any abuse of this power by unless it takes into account at least all or over the age of 35. The same applies military instructors. Some of the safe­ the factors I have discussed. Thel.13 to property and profits. If the liberty guards are provisions that no civilian probably are more and undoubtedly and life of the lowliest GI can be taken, selectees can be inducted into the Armed there will be different and better solu­ anything can be taken: this is every­ Forces without first having the right to a tions reached by those with better in­ one's fight. probationary period to change his ways, formation and judgment. I hope this COOPERATION BETWEEN CIVILIAN AND MILITARY an appeal from the final decision, and a will at least offer some ideas. ESSENTIAL full review by the Civilian Selectee Board, PATRIOTISM FOR ALL composed exclusively of civilians. Now let me resume my main discussion Fourthly, domestic influences would While on the subject of service to about the need for more cooperation and give the civilian selectee every incentive this Nation, let me parenthetically men­ joint efforts by the civilian and military to cooperate. He would koow that suit­ tion a matter that has always disturbed forces by briefly discussing another able work would make it possible not only me. When we think about people mak­ measure I advanced back in 1942. There for him to keep on his civilian job but ing sacrifices to defend this country, our are many examples similar to the one I would also let him remain with his minds· invariably seem to turn only to shall take up now for purposes of il­ family. And, of course, in that situa­ those who are between the ages of 17 lustration, but I think this will explain tion the average wife would be a pretty and 35. Our attitude there is that if the point I wish to make. safe guaranty of good training conduct this country needs those men for the Both the military and civilian popu­ by the husband. Armed Forces, they· are drafted at cer­ lations need medical attention. There If cooperation by any trainee is to be tain pay rates and that is all there is simply will not be enough doctors to take left to the tender mercies of either a to it. They and their families get along care of the needs of both if we follow tough sergeant or a loving wj.f e, I am as best they can. It may mean less food, the same procedure we did in World War inclined to thillk that under the circum­ clothing, and shelter for the draftee's II. In that war we largely disregarded stances the wife will inspire even more dependents but that is one of the·unfor .. the needs of the civilian population in dread than the sergeant. You can tunate things about war. order to give the military all the medical imagine the fate of any man guilty of But the same reasoning does not seem men requested. Perhaps the military did either absenteeism or poor marks when to hold good for others. If the Gov­ not get all the doctors· they needed or the home and children of his wife are at ernment needs a high-powered execu­ wanted, I do not know, but as between stake. The wife's rolling pin in any tive~ for example, we have to offer some the civilian population and the Armed man's marriage carries more authority "inducement" in terms of a large salary­ Forces there can be no doubt -that the than the sergeant's guardhouse in~ any large only in the sense that it is more wishes of the Armed Forces were given man's army. than a military draftee gets. There are greater consideration. Boiling it down,_what it comes to is actually cases of vacancies in positions I believe it is going to be necessary to this: If the civilian selectee does good that ·are essential to national defense adopt a program that will completely work, the military should be satisfied. and attempts are being made to fill those satisfy neither the military nor the If he does not do good work, the military vacancies by financial inducements to civilian population. I think the two are gets him and can make him cooperate, get the proper personnel. Why? · going to have to share the services of which should satisfy the military. The Perhaps Americans over the age of 35 many doctors. result should be satisfactory to the mili­ should not be drafted into military serv­ The military must, of course, be given tary in either event. ice because of their age, but what about the full time of enough doctors to take The program I have suggested is not other defense duties they are physically care of the service men and women who going to be completely acceptable to any­ and' mentally qualified to perform? If are in our Armed Forces. But there are one, of course. It does not give the this country needs anyone for any sort of many, many cases where doctors can military everything it wants but, on the duty that is essential to 'defense, why continue with their private practice and other hand, neither does it give the in­ must any more "inducement" be offered still devote some of their time .to taking dividual or the family or agriculture or to that person than to anyone called for care of the military. That is not true industry or the financier everything they duty in the Armed Forces? How do we of physicians called to overseas duty, of want. rationalize calling young men without course, but it will apply to many others. I am proceeding from the basic as­ regard to whether they want to serve or WHY NOT? sumption that it is impossible to achieve not but still feel the necessity of offering During the last war I recommended lOO percent results for all the endeav­ inducements to those above draft age? that the number of doctors on duty in ors we seek to· accomplish. That is nec­ NOT SOLELY THE PRIVILEGE OF YOUTH military camps . be reduced provided essarily so because our goals are com­ civilian doctors in adjacent communities pletely opposite. We must resolve our There are hundreds of illustrations of what I mean, but let me cite just one. would spend a certain part of their day dilemma by seeking to give reasonably either on call on or duty at the camp. adequate and satisfactory treatment to We have ruled that civilian defense is essential to our national security.. There · For· example, there was-and is-an each of the many factors that must be · air base in my district in western Massa­ considered. It would be very easy to must be a civilian director. Do we simply select the proper man and say "you are chusetts with probably 500 civilian doc­ arrive at an absolutely perfect solution tors practicing within a radius of 10 to any one .of the demands if we com­ it"? Oh, no. we have to offer a salary that is "attractive" as an inducement. miles-less than 20 minutes away by pletely ignored the others. Unfortu.. automobile. If that air base needed 10 nately we cannot do that. I have no objection to that except in­ doctors, for example, to take care of the THE WHOLE PICTURE sofar as it discriminates against the men military personnel 24 hours a day, why I readily understand the insistence of in the Armed Forces and their families. would all 10 have to be full time mili­ the military for all the manpower they If they do not need any inducement tary doctors? Why could not the camp need to carry out their program. I have when services and sacrifices are required get along adequately with three full the same feeling for those responsible of them, neither does anyone else. We time military doctors in charge supple­ for our productive output and for those should simply choose anyone who is mented by the services of many civilian who are primarily concerned about our wanted and draft him into the job. doctors working on a schedule that financial condition. Unfortunately, nei­ Does that mean a $50,000-a-year man called for duty for them at certain hours ther one is required to consider the diffi­ may suddenly find himself pulled out of of the day at the camp? culties of the others. Probably it is not the presidency of some corporation and If 10 doctors are needed 24 hours a the business of either to do that. It put i~to a $5,000-a-year job whether he day, the system would provide for 10 may be that they merely see one part wants it or not? The same thing has doctors at all times-but only 3 of the 10 of the picture and their conclusions are happened on a smaller scale to almost would be full time military doctors. The not based on any over-all factors. every man in the.. Arme~ F.J :::ces. other seven would be c:ivilian physicians .1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16947_ rotating out of a medical pool of doctors length of time. If, however, we are to tions take action that may affect us in the area. . adopt a long-range policy runing over a and the world and we do not compre­ That system would give the military great many years we will feel the impact hend why. Sometimes the reason is hid­ personnel adequate care and it would of a shortage of physicians more than we den in the history of that nation and also enable the civilian physician to con­ now realize. We must prepare for it. ' such a situation should concern our edu­ tinue caring for the civilian population. There are many other . preparations cational authorities and the people of Less than 4 hours a week would have that should be made in the light of pres­ this Nation. been taken away from the civilian prac­ ent and probable future conditions. . I What the leaders of another nation tice of each of several hundred civilian pointed out earlier that we do not fully may do is often subject to ascertain­ doctors-yet the total number of such appreciate the changes that have taken ment by some knowledge of the philos­ hours would give the military the equiva­ place in the past 20 years that have so ophy of that nation. The_str_eam of his­ lent of full-time service by many mili­ radically altered the world in which we tory often carries a people along into tary doctors. live. We have not taken any positive channels that can be predetermined and What is wrong with that suggestion? steps to adapt ourselves to the new world. foretold once we have traced it from Are n·ot the bodies and illnesses of serv­ We ·must do so. the source. Men often fall into a mold icemen the same as those of civilians? EDUCATION that has been cast by the ages. There Are not most military service exempt Let me illustrate what I mean by re­ is .ar pattern of life that reveals itself physicians as capable as those called for ferring to our educational system, for once some basis .of understanding has active duty? example. It naturally has been 'set up been reached. Have we forgotten that? Civilian doctors were willing to coop­ for a peacetime economy. The subjects ARE WE KEEPING UP WITH IT? erate in such a system for many reasons, of study have been chosen with that in probably the first being patriotism. An­ The world has been changing but there mind. Emphasis on certain courses in has been no corresponding change made other was the realization that such co­ philosophy, language, history, and so on operation insured many doctors being by us in our preparation for it. I do not has been the result of the world as we mean any drastic revolutionary up­ available for civilian needs. A third was have known it. The changes in that perhaps the hope that active duty for heaval in our educational system-I world in the past 20 years have been mean slight, gradual, progressive change the physician himself might be avoided largely disregarded by our educational if military needs were taken care of that will keep us up to the times in which authorities. we live. under the system I had suggested. We know, for example, that there has We all remember the shortage of doc­ Is a change necessary? I do not know been considerable change in the world because I do not know enough about tors for civilians in the last war. The position of Russia, India, China, France, need in the future may be even greater­ either the world or our educational sys-· Germany, and many other nations. New tern-but there are people in this coun­ probably will be because if there be a spheres of influence have replaced old next war it will be fought largely against try who do know and we can easily find ones, new peoples have eme.rged, and new out. I believe the matter should be civilian populations. forces on world history have been cre­ Can the military get along with fewer thoroughly investigated in a way that ated. I shall propose in a few minutes. doctors? Of course many doctors in the Has there been any corresponding Armed Forces in World War II worked as change in any of the subjects taught in CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL hard or even harder than civilian doc­ our schools? Are we adequately-equip­ I also believe that our educational sys­ tors. But anyone who was in the service ping our youth for the world in which tem has not met the responsibility of knows that there was often what seemed they will live? Have we forgotten that more adequately helping to prepare our to be overmanning of physicians by the that world differs from the one into youth for the status of military readi­ military. I am not referring now to which we were graduated from school? ness that we may have to maintain for cases where ships and combat units car­ Subjects that might have been ex­ a great many years. Has there been any ried. doctors who did very little but had tremely valuable 20 years ago may not change in our educational system to meet to be on hand at all times in case of bat­ mean so much today and tomorrow may the world situation that confronts us tle casualties. I am referring rather to mean even less. Our students may be militarily?-a world situation inciden­ doctors in camps in America. still studying for a world in which France tally in which our youngsters will have a There were often many days when and Germany were major influences, better chance of survival if they are many doctors did very little except put where China and Russia were vast non­ better prepared for what they must face. in their ·time. It was necessary to have entities, where Europe was dominant and I do not mean any drastic revisions of the doctor on hand even if there were no Asia merely a great void-but is that the educational curricufom but merely business: there might be. And I want the situation today? The culture, mores, some slight changes that might be bene­ to emphasize that this is not intended as and civilizations of once unimportant ficial even in peacetime and would cer­ any criticism of the military medical fra­ nations may have been of little signifi­ tainly be extremely helpful in wartime. ternity-they had nothing to say about cance once-but what about the fu­ For e~ample, courses in first aid; Morse it. As a result, we· had the anomalous ture? code; knowledge of military rates, ranks, situation of a scarcity of doctors at home THE NEW WORLD and commands; ship and plane identi­ even though many doctors in the Armed We must learn to know more about the fication; protective measures against gas. Forces were caring for patients only a peoples of the world with whom we are atomic radiation, and bacteriological few hours a day. going to be compelled to deal. We must warfare; intercoqimunica tion systems THE LUXURY OF WASTE know their history, their ways of living, and language; nomenclature for parts We can no longer afford any such their philosophy of .life, their ethnic of guns, ships, tanks, and so forth. waste of our medical manpower. The background, and what motivates them. There are many, many things that whole answer is not my suggestion but We must understand them before we must be taught to a recruit before he is I believe it will at least ease the shortage can properly deal with them. ready for combat duty. They take time a little bit. If we can give adequate med­ Very often the history of a nation will to learn-all too precious time. They ical service to military personnel in tell a great deal about the people who concern matters that we must live with camps in America by a combined use of are the product of that history. How today whether we want to or not. military and civilian doctors, why not many schools in America off er courses Knowledge of ~uch matters may save do it? It will keep many doctors at in the history of Russia, China, and lives. h()me to care for their patients and will India, for example? How many teach Why do we not give our high school tend to keep our national health level up the language? students that chance for self-protection where it must be if America is to remain We hear a great deal about the ori­ and self-preservation by including such strong. ental mind and we are confused by such courses in our educational curriculum? The same is perhaps true of dentists matters as "face" and other mystifying Why do we not give our Nation that and probably there are many other simi­ concepts that are almost meaningless same chance for self-preservation? lar cases in other fields. We have never to us. We overlook the fact that many Most of the courses would be helpful even. felt the full brunt of the situation be­ people in other parts of the world often if we never have another world war. cause we have never had it for any great guide their lives by such concepts. Na- Under present world conditions, the 16948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 21 value would be inestimable-it might ommendations advanced by leaders in ditions. Over a year. ago I asked the even mean the life of the Nation. education, production, military affairs, President to appoint a committee of out­ NO UNTAPPED RESOURCES and those who determine what our na­ standing legal authorities to survey the I do not know if there have been ~ional and international policies are to problem and make recommendations for any conferences between our military oe. I believe hearings should be held as necessary changes. and educational leaders to determine soon as possible by a joint congressional It is possible that present laws pertain­ whether or not one may be of help to, committee appointed for that specific ing to arrest and introduction· of evi­ the other without any sacrifice to itself. purpose. dence may no longer be adequate for the There certainly should be many such STUDENT EXCHANGE security of this Nation. rt may well be conferences because, from here on in, Speaking of education and high-school that our Constitution does not place the we cannot overlook any untapped re­ students brings to my mind another mat­ security of any one individual above the source of readiness. ter that I discussed some months ago security of the entire Nation although There are so many illustrations but in that should be a feature of any long­ our present laws are susceptible of in­ my opinion, at least, they all .Point to range program, in my opinion. I am re­ terpretations demanding that result . . one inescapable conclusion: the need to f erring to a proposal I made that I Individuals who have been accused of reexamine our whole educational system termed the "truth through youth" move­ committing acts detrimental to the Na­ in the light of present and probable fu:. ment. tion's s ~ curity have not even been ture world conditions. Briefly, it is a modified ve.rsion of the brought to trial in many cases because I believe a congressional committee student-exchange program. I outlined of laws that have not been carefully should immediately be narried to call my suggestion in detail in the CoNGREs­ examined for many decades. Statutes in leaders in military, educational, in­ SION AL RECORD of July 19, 1950, so I will of limitations, doctrines on il1egal arrest, dustrial, governmental, and productive not discuss it further at this time other · granting of ·mistrials, and rules of evi­ fields for a united effort to determine than to say that I believe it should play dence have of ten been used as vehicles w~1ether we can give better preparation an important role in any long-range for m>scarri::::.ges of justice. to the youth of America. program. In other cases, our judicial system has We must learn immediately what, if ACADEMY OF SCIENCES invited directed verdicts because of per­ anything, our educational system may we also know that the future is going fectly permissible legal maneuvers that be able to contribute to the needs of to sJe the need for more highly trained have thwarted justice-if by justice we the military. We must know where there specialists to be available for govern­ mean acquitting the innocent and con­ may be better cooperation. We must mental service in the sciences. There is victing the guilty. know what changes there have been to going to be a shortage in all thos3 fields - That is not theory; that is fact estab­ conform to new world conditions. of endeavor and we must prepare for it. lished by records of our courts, the Fed- RABBITs AND TIGERS Perhaps a United States Scientific· . eral Bureau of Investigation, and the De­ Russia now dominates over half the Academy along lines similar to the acad­ partment of Justice. Some of the cases world and, from all indications, may con- emies at West Point and· Annapolis may have become public property in the tinue to do so for many yaars. In that be one answer. Let the Government newspapers; still others are buried in situation, it is incredible to me that every · · select applicants to such a scientific confidential files of our law-enforcement high s·chool does not offer courses in academy with the understanding that agencies. Russian history, language, and civiliza- they will be held by the Government for LAW SHOULD EE STRENGTH tion. · a service period after graduation-say A legal system that was originally es­ We are going to live under air raid 5 years; for example. That would insure tablished to protect the Nation and all warning signals that are established to this Nation·of a constant source of. sup­ the individuals in our Nation is failing tell us bombs, fire, death, and d~struc- ply of personnel to fill needs that not to fulfill its functions. The courts have tion are coming. In that situation, it only now exist but will continue. It often had to place the Nation in jeopardy is incredible to me that every high school woul~, for example, help eliminate the in order to fully protect every single legal does not have compulsory courses in first shortage of docttors in rural areas; and right given to individuals who sought to aid, the use of fire-fighting equipment, it would also insure our scientific labora­ destroy the very Nation that was protect­ and other protective measures that may tories of adequate personnel for both ing them. It is truly an anomalous sit­ save lives. peacetime and wartime efforts. uation when the law and the Constitu­ We are preparing our childi:en to hunt Our need for doctors, biologists; chem- tion are the tools of those who would de­ rabbits when tigers are stalking th~ ists, physicists, bacteriologists, engineers, stroy our law and Constitution. jungle. It is not simply that history may and others skilled in scientific pursuits Our rules of evidence have often placed call us to account. It is closer than that: is going to increase. as the complexities the Department of Justice in a situation our own children may call us to account. of our world civilization' increase. Our that has prevented it from even bring­ Y'!hat is our answer to be to them? existing system cannot keep up with the ing to trial persons bel~eved guilty of try­ I think it essential to have an over-all demand. ing to destroy this Nation. I am not review of our educational system as EDUCATION IS WEAI..TH talking about convicting them, now­ quickly as possible so that, if any changes Not exactly the same but in keeping ! am talking about even bringing them be desired, they may ,be put into effect with the need for education is another. to trial. ·as quickly as possible. Any nation gives proposal I made back in January of 1949 Perhaps those people were not really its children a chance to die: let us give which I termed the Federal scholar­ guilty, regardless ·of the amount of evi­ curs a chance· to live. · ship plan. It contemplates a program dence obtained against them by the De­ A REAL l;>URVEY whereby qualified high-school students partment of Justice-I would be the last Let me emphasize that the last thing may go on to higher education even to say the Department of Justice should in the world that I am recommending jg though they are unable to pay for it. decide-but certainly this Nation and the that the military dictate · to our educa­ The Government makes it possible for people of this Nation are at least entitled t ional authorities or be the final judge them to do so but at no cost to th~ Gov- to have a decision made by the courts we as to what subjects should be studied by ernment.. . have established to see that justice our youth. I certainly would not sub­ I outlined the details of my suggestion triumphs. scribe to that. in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD last year­ Under prevailing law, and under the Neither do I believe that industry January 25, 1949-so I will not repeat world conditions that exist today, the should usurp that function. Nor should them here. In my opinion, .the Federal Government of the people of the United our diplomatic and governmental policy .. scholarship plan I suggested should also States has often had to drop cases be­ makers. be incorporated in any long-range pro­ cause of disclosures of confidential mat­ I am inclined to think that those who . gram. ters that could be forced by defendants­ now determine our educational policies OUR JUDICIAL SYSTEM disclosures that would seriously impair are fully qualified to make any changes I believe any long-range program must the security of this Nation. That is not once the need has been demonstrated. also encompass an over-all review of our · theory-it has happened and will happen , A real ,survey should be made and rec- judici~l system in the light of world con- again. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16949 THE INDIVIDUAL OR THE NATION? only qualification has been the very the fantastic titles. Why Jellyfish Mi­ Perhaps there is no solution to the limited experience of a brief legal prac­ grate, the Sex Life of the Clam, Flying problem but we must at least attempt to tice and I am the first to concede that Habits of the Cuckoo, How To Measure a arrive at one. Our only attempt thus that is not sufficient. Cupboard, and such might be illustrative far has been by a piecemeal, makeshift But there are suitable legal minds for of some of the subjects covered. Prob­ approach that finds the remedy at least the task and they can easily be found in ably every single one may be helpful to as bad and possibly worse than the con­ our law schools, courts, and bar associa­ someone but what do they contribute in dition. tions. Why not make use of their serv­ any real sense to the strength of Amer­ Our legal difficulties call for an ex­ ices to strengthen our internal security ica? Can we afford them? haustive, penetrating analysis of our by strengthening our judicial system? Every department or agency should be legal procedure by the most competent I wish to again renew my suggestion required to furnish a list of every book or authorities we can obtain. Recom­ to the President of over a year ago that pamphlet upon which a loss is taken. mendations should be presented and he immediately appoint a committee to They must be ordered to stop printing then, in their turn, those recommenda­ begin such a study. Perhaps it will ac­ every single one that is not clearly essen­ tions should be sifted and thoroughly complish nothing-perhaps it may save tial to our well-being, having in mind our analyzed to be sure that the individual this Nation-but certainly it cannot do precarious financial situation. Inciden­ is given every possible protection that is any harm and it may do a great deal of tally, I think we in Congress could prob­ consistent with the security of the Na­ good. Why not do it? ably set them a good example by cutting tion. That is· not the situation today. ECONOMY down items in the Appendix of the CON­ Right now we give the individual every A little earlier I mentioned that we are GRESSIONAL RECORD. Ninety percent of · possible protection even if it imperils the going to have to pull in our belts to keep them are so much trash and we all know security of the Nation. We have placed this Nation solvent. · It has been advis­ it. Some small saving might be effected the security of an individual who seeks able to do it for some time but now it is there. to destroy this Nation above the security imperative. It cannot be done without DUPLICATION IS EXPENSIVE of the Nation itself. That may or may the cooperation of everyone in the Another item has to do with congres­ not be true in any theoretical or Nation. sional hearings. The House and Senate academic sense but it is gospel truth Taxes are going to increase, of course, each considers substantially the same as a practical matter. The net result regardless of every possible economy, be­ bills. Each holds hearings and copies of of many legal shibboleths and rational­ cause we must provide the financial the testimony together with majority izations is to give one individual greater sinews of war and defense. But the and minority reports are printed. The rights than those guaranteed a hundred greater the economies practiced, the waste of time of Senators, Representa­ and fifty million people. lesser the taxes needed. True economy tives, departments, agencies, clerks, ste­ Neither I nor anyone else wants any does not mean simply cutting every ex­ nographers, and witnesses in attending change of any kind that will allow the penditure because many expenditures two hearings on the same subject is conviction of an innocent def endant. provide strength for America and our probably a fairly substantial item. The If that ever comes to pass the America people. . Anything that weakens this duplication in printing amounts to some­ we love will have passed, too. Of course, Nation is poor economy. But there are thing, too. no change in our laws that would result many possible savings that can be made That is the way the Government op­ in that would be either necessary or without hurting the Nation and they erates for reasons beyond my compre­ worthy. must be made. hension unless it be jealousy of power CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY and authority on the part of each body Taxation alone will not suffice for any of Congress. The necessity of separate Let me point out, too, that the empha­ long-range policy. Our program must reports and bills is readily discernible sis in any revision of existing lc:gal pro­ be double-barreled: taxes as low and as because, of course, each body must select cedure should be placed primarily on few as possible, economies as great and its own report and write its own bill, but matters affecting national security. as many as possible. Only in that way that can easily be done even after a joint Perhaps it should even be limited solely can we maintain our military strength, hearing, to such matters. our world position, our financial sol­ Would not a joint hearing eliminate Perhaps all we need is a separate code vency, and our American way of life. double attendance by witnesses, stenog­ for such cases as espionage, treason, That means further cuts in some types raphers, and clerks? Would not a joint sabotage, and other related matters. of Government spending must be made. hearing eliminate the duplication in Perhaps what is needed is a separate It probably also means depriving the printing? There should be no insur­ tribunal with rules of evidence solely general public of services and benefits to mountable difficulty in establishing some for cases of that sort in that court. The which our people have become accus­ such time- and money-saving procedure. great care that must b,e taken in trying tomed. We had better steel ourselves After all, the details would be set up by to institute any reform is readily ap­ because if we listen to domestic screams Representatives and Senators who pro­ parent when we see how dangerously of anguish we will be deaf to moans on vided for unification of the Armed close we may be getting to star-chamber distant battlefields. Forces-and I suppose generals and ad­ proceedings. ANY CHANGE SINCE KOREA? mirals are as touchy and jealous of au­ I mention that only to indicate how We should know as quickly as possible thority as Congressmen and Senators. carefully we must proceed and why hit­ what every governmental department Perhaps such items are too small to or-miss methods conceived in hysteria and agency has done to effect economy talk about but they are painless savings. will not do. It mllst be a painstaking, detailed study by the best legal minds of since the Korean war began. Maybe Let us begin there and continue on into the country. The results of their study they believe no further savings are pos­ the not so painless economies. It may must be followed by a review by the sible but, in the situation in which we cause some inconvenience and grumbling Nation's best nonlegal minds. Lastly, of find ourselves today, even "impossible" but that is not the governing considera­ course, the Congress itself must decide. savings must be made. Let me cite just tion-after all, the men being drafted The final legislative decision will be re­ one example of what I mean-printing. into military service are not getting ex­ viewed by the highest· court of the land I mentioned it last year. It covers actly what they want, either. and, ultimately, by the people them­ merely very minor items, it is true, but GRASS ROOTS ECONOMY selves. pennies add up to dollars and we must I believe the public should also make I have suggestions I should like to begin some place. a start on the so-called "Grass Roots present to a properly constituted com­ BULLETS OR BULLETINS? Economy Program" I suggested in a talk mittee and probably we all do. I hesi­ The Government prints and gives on governmental expenditures several tate to offer · my ideas publicly before away many educational pamphlets that months ago. I will not go into detail they have been considered by legal minds probably·are very valuable and helpful to here, as I went into the subject fully in of much greater knowledge and wisdom the public. I am not referring just to the the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD when I dis­ than I possess. The right committee familiar cook books, baby books, agricul­ cussed it-June 29, 1950. In that talk should be able to finish cooking a half­ tural books, and so ~ on, but also to the I attempted to show that one branch of baked idea or throw out a lemon. My lesser-known books and pamphlets with the Government had attempted to spend 16950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE DECEMBER 22 about $2,000,000,000 .a year more than I shall not mind being accused· of not PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS the House of ·Representatives thought having spoken wisely or well so long as I Under clause 1 of rule XXII, was necessary. The total came to about know I have spoken from my conscience Mr. JENNINGS introduced a bill (H. R. $20,000,000,000 in the period from 1940 and to the best of my ability. That I 9941) for the relief of Dewey Esco Hill, which to 1950. I suggested a program that I have done and I am content. was ,.eferred to the Committee on the Judi· felt might have stopped such practices Let me conclude by again pointing out ciary. and effected economies. that practically everything I have said · I believe the proposal I termed a has been based on the assumption that "grass roots economy program" would we are not yet in world war III. Let us be helpful in our efforts to keep this hope that with the help and cooperation SENATE Nation solvent and should be included in of all, and with the help and guidance of any long-range-policy. God, we may yet find the right policy FRIDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1950 ALL THE ELEMENTS and program that will lead to peace. (Legislative day of Monday, November I have not tried to give any full or EXTENSION OF REMARKS 27, 1950) detailed exposition of all the elements Mr. RANKIN asked and was given per­ The Senate met at 12 o'clock merid­ I believe are necessary for a rounded-out mission to extend his remarks and in­ program for America. I have . merely ian, on the expiration of the recess. clude excerpts from a speech made last The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown tried to indicate that America cannot night by Hon. Herbert Hoover. embark on any sort of .policy that does Harris, D. D., offered the following Mr. RAMSAY asked and was given prayer: not provide for some cooperative effort permission to extend his own remarks. · on the part of all the phases of our civ­ Mr. FORD asked and was given per­ Most gracious Father, we lift up our ilization that combine to make the Amer- mission to extend his own remarks and hearts as again o'er ·the earth's dark ican way of life. · include an article. shadows the angels' song is heard, and I do not believe we can remain strong Mr. McCORMACK asked and was over an earth grown old.with its burden merely by providing a great military given permission to extend his remarks of care again the voice of the Christ force without regard to its effect upon and include the text of an addresl) made Child rings out with its cheer, that man­ our production or our economy. On the recently by the President and also the kind are the children of God. other hand, I do not believe we can keep text of the emergency proclamation. May we see with new eyes, as Christ­ strong by balancing our budget at the Mr. FLOOD asked and was given per­ mas comes to a world where ill will has expense of the military. Neither do I mission to extend his remarks in four wrought such horror, that that One think we can save our civil rights by al­ instances and include extraneous mat­ whose coming breaks the ages in two is lowing our defense secrets to be sold to ter. set for the falling and rising of nations; the enemy. Nor do we protect our chil­ Mr. CLEMENTE asked and was given that He does not stay in the manger, dren by completely disrupting the family permission to extend his remarks and He walks in our world of pretense and life of America. include a letter from the mayor of the greed and self-seeking, and that where The way to strength, in my opinion, · city of New York and a speech before He goes the judgment of God goes with lies in an over-all, united effort by all the Senate Armed Services Committee. Him. Bending low through the gate of the people of America. No vital part in Mr. PRICE asked and was given per­ the child heart, may we find the sim­ our strength must be either over­ mission to extend his remarks in three plicity, the freedom, and the truth that emphasized or underemphasized. separate instanc.es and in each to in­ sword and tongue and pen can. never We must not be topheavy militarily or clude extraneous matter. give. Amen. otherwise; we must not spend ourselves Mr. ROONEY asked and was given into destruction; we must not sell our.;. permission to extend his remarks in three THE JOURNAL selves into bondage by throwing away instances, in each to include extraneous On r·equest of Mr. McCARRAN, and by our liberties; we must not deplete our matter. unanimous consent, the reading of the productive effort; we must not destroy Mr. RODINO asked and was given per­ Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, the American way of life. Disaster lies mission to extend his remarks and in-· December 21, 1950, was dispensed with. in all those directions. elude a resolution. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-AP- Any single remedy that does not give SENATE ENROLLED BILL SIGNED consideration to at least all those factors PROVAL OF BILLS is not the answer; it will fall of its own The SPEAKER announced his signa­ Messages in writing from the Presi­ weight. ture to an enrolled bill of the Senate dent of the United States were commu­ o.f the following title: "BETTER TO LIGHT ONE CANDLE THAN TO CURSE _nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one THE DARKNESS" S. 3357. An act to prohibit transportation of his secretaries, and he announced of gambling devices in interstate and for­ I have proposed the solution that ap­ eign commerce. that the President had approved and peals most to my judgment. It probably signed the fallowing acts: LEAVE OF ABSENCE is not a good solution but if even one line On December 21, 1950: of it has the slightest merit, at least that By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ S. 3091. An act for the relief of Master is something. I believe all Congressmen sence was granted to Mr. MAHON