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Naval War College Review Volume 54 Article 1 Number 4 Autumn 2001 Full Autumn 2001 Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The .SU . (2001) "Full Autumn 2001 Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 54 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss4/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Full Autumn 2001 Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW NAVALWAR COLLEGE REVIEW Autumn 2001 Volume LIV, Number 4 Autumn 2001 Autumn N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O N L L U E E G H E T IRIB ORIA V US T MARI VIC Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2001 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 54 [2001], No. 4, Art. 1 Cover WHY WE FIGHT. At 9:03 a.m., a hijacked airliner strikes World Trade Center Tower Two in New York City, as Tower One (right), struck eighteen minutes be- fore, burns. Thirty-seven minutes later, a third hijacked airliner will strike the Pen- tagon in Washington, D.C.; at 10 a.m., a fourth will crash in Pennsylvania. At 8:30 that evening, President George W. Bush will speak to and for the nation: “Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terror- ist acts. Thousands of lives were sud- denly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures . have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our na- tion into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation.” On 20 September the president informed the world how it would do so: “Our re- sponse involves far more than instant re- taliation and isolated strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign. It may include dramatic strikes . and covert opera- tions. We will starve terrorists of funding, turn them one against another, drive them...until there is no refuge.... And we will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism.” The Naval War College’s new President, Rear Admiral Rodney P. Rempt (whose President’s Forum begins on page 7), has mobilized the institution to support the nation’s new war, with special studies, faculty task forces, symposia, and scholar- ship. An example of the latter is our lead article, by Professor Ahmed Hashim. Also, Robert Harkavy’s geostrategic study, though written before the events, speaks directly to issues that must now be squarely faced. Chao Soi Cheong, AP Wide World Photos https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss4/1 2 Naval War College: Full Autumn 2001 Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Autumn 2001 Volume LIV, Number 4 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2001 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 54 [2001], No. 4, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW ADVISORY BOARD Professor Inis L. Claude, Jr. Dr. Norman Friedman Professor Colin Gray The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discus- Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., U.S. Navy, Ret. sion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts Professor Paul M. Kennedy and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are Professor James R. Kurth not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or The Honorable Robert J. Murray the Naval War College. Professor George H. Quester The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to com- Professor Eugene V. Rostow mands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regu- Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale, U.S. Navy, Ret. lar and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a Lieutenant General Bernard E. Trainor, present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. gov- U.S. Marine Corps, Ret. ernment officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, Professor Russell F. Weigley research centers, publications, and educational institutions. The Honorable G. William Whitehurst Contributors PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor Rear Admiral Rodney P. Rempt, U.S. Navy or access it on-line before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Re- PROVOST, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE view neither offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it Rear Admiral Barbara E. McGann, U.S. Navy assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES AND made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants EDITOR-IN-CHIEF that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar Professor Alberto R. Coll work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Professor Thomas B. Grassey, Editor Permissions Pelham G. Boyer, Managing Editor Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and ap- Patricia A. 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[email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Design by Chapman and Partners, Warren, R.I. Cushing Rd., Newport, R.I. 02841-1207. Composition and typesetting by JIL Information Systems, Newport, R.I. ISSN 0028-1484 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol54/iss4/1 4 Naval War College: Full Autumn 2001 Issue CONTENTS President’s Forum. 7 11 September 2001 The World according to Usama Bin Laden . 11 Ahmed S. Hashim Usama Bin Laden is a dangerous opponent, and so are those who might succeed him should he be killed. Bin Laden’s ideas and goals, however, remain little explored or understood. To grasp them, it is necessary to examine the regional and historical context, his experiences, and the sources of fundamentalist thought upon which he draws. Strategic Geography and the Greater Middle East . 37 Robert Harkavy Daily events in the Middle East, North Africa, the African Horn, South Asia, and ex-Soviet Central Asia offer little encouragement that this region is at the “end of history”—the end of major warfare and security rivalries. Two Gulf wars have been fought in recent memory, as well as Arab-Israeli and Indian-Pakistani wars. In that obvious sense, geopolitics is alive and well in the Greater Middle East. Defending Taiwan How China Might Invade Taiwan . 55 Piers M. Wood and Charles D. Ferguson A determined China could launch an invasion sooner than the five, ten, or twenty years that some have projected, though it would be unlikely to succeed if it made the attempt today. A phased, stepping-stone invasion would force Taiwan to decide whether to absorb casualties fighting in preliminary invasions or to conserve resources for a final stand on the main island. Defending Taiwan, and Why It Matters . 69 Chris Rahman The Chinese threat to Taiwan is the primary near-term challenge to the East Asian order.