Underwater Archaeology DENISE C. LAKEY, EDITOR 1997 Published by THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY RONALD L. MICHAEL, Editor ISSN 1089-7852 Composition by Trans Visions Uniontown, Pennsylvania ©1997 by The Society for Historical Archaeology Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1089-7852 @The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Perma­ nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOREWORD DENISE C. LAKEY, EDITOR CURRENT RESEARCH The Hollandia and the Amsterdam: Ships and the Economic Network of the VOC in Amsterdam around 1750 J. GAWRONSKI Mapping Shipwreck Sites by Digital Stereovideogrammetry 9 JoHN A. GIFFORD The Archaeology of the Event-The Annales School and Maritime Archaeology 17 MARK STANIFORTH Ballast in the Port of Veracruz during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century 22 JoRGE MANUEL HERRERA The Conquest of a Sinkhole: Initial Archaeological Investigations at El Manantial de Ia Aleta, 27 East National Park, Dominican Republic JOHN W. FOSTER AND CHARLES D. BEEKER CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Underwater Cultural Resource Management: A New Concept in the Cayman Islands 33 MARGARET E. LESHIKAR-DENTON Problems and Progress in the Turks and Caicos Islands 38 DoNALD H. KEITH Neocolonialism in Anguilla 44 BoB CoNRICH Stepping Stones of Mexican Underwater Archaeology 50 PILAR LUNA ERREGUERENA Rescuing the Monitor: Stabilization and Recovery Efforts at the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary 54 JOHN D. BROADWATER Steamboats in Montana: Wrecks of the Far Upper Missouri-Yellowstone River Drainage Area, 61 Phase 1-The Search for Historical Evidence ANNALIES CORBIN AND KENNETH W. KARSMIZKI The Development of Maritime Archaeology in Northern Ireland 69 BRIAN WILLIAMS SHIPS, SHIPWRECKS, AND ARTIFACTS The 1995 Survey of a Ship from Sir William Phips' s Fleet, 1690 72 MARC-ANDRE BERNIER The 1996 Excavation of a Ship from Sir William Phips's Fleet, 1690 77 PETER J. A. WADDELL A Late Elizabethan Wreck off Alderney in the Channel Islands 84 MENSUN BOUND Pipe Dreams: Consumerism, Smoking, and the Clay Tobacco Pipe Collection from 91 Port Royal, Jamaica, 1692 GEORGIA L. Fox Bozburun Byzantine Shipwreck Excavation: Preliminary Results from the 1996 Season 97 FREDERICK M. HOCKER AND MICHAEL P. ScAFURI Metrological Aspects Reflected in Early Medieval Shipbuilding from the Southern Baltic Sea 104 GEORGE INDRUSZEWSKI Preliminary Report on the 1996 Excavation of the Wreck of Ha 'aheo o Hawaii 113 (ex- Cleopatra's Barge) in Hanalei Bay, Kauai PAUL F. JOHNSTON The Rhenish Stoneware from the Monte Cristi Shipwreck, Dominican Republic 121 ANNE W. LESSMANN The Conservation of Two Composite Objects from the Confederate Raider Alabama (1864) 128 PAUL MARDIKIAN Preliminary Report on the Staved Container Remains from the La Salle Shipwreck La Belle 135 CHUCK MEIDE The Development of the Deck Light during the Nineteenth Century 142 KENDRA L. QUINN Is the Chi cod Creek Vessel a Macon-Class Porter Gunboat? 149 GLENN A. FoREST The Society for Historical Archaeology and the Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology extend their appreciation to the following for their financial assistance in the publication of these proceedings Bateaux Below, Inc. The Bermuda Maritime Museum Cayman Islands National Museum Center for Historical Archaeology Center for Maritime and Underwater Resource Management Friends of the Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History Institute of Nautical Archaeology James P. Delgado Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology, East Carolina University Martin Klein Mid-Atlantic Technology and Environmental Research, Inc. L.A. Landry and Associates Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University Panamerican Maritime, LLC R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc. Ships of Discovery South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology State Historical Society of Wisconsin Submerged Cultural Resources Unit, National Park Service Texas Historical Commission Turks and Caicos National Museum Underwater Archaeological Society of British Columbia FOREWORD ference: three snowstorms and the federal gov­ ernment shutdown prevented many people from DENISE C. LAKEY, EDITOR presenting their research. As a result, several papers originally scheduled for 1996 were pre­ At this year's meeting, the Society for Histori­ sented in 1997. Of the 93 papers presented, 51 cal Archaeology celebrated the 30th anniversary (55%) were devoted to foreign sites or issues. of its founding. Only three years after its birth, The count includes the CSS Alabama lost off the SHA conference saw its first underwater ar­ Cherbourg, France, and the Geneva Kathleen, a chaeology session. Those sessions continued to Texas lumber schooner lost off Grand Cayman. expand until the meetings became officially As it has for the past several years, the Soci­ known as the SHA Conference on Historical and ety is publishing some of this year's best writ­ Underwater Archaeology in 1987. For some time ings on underwater archaeology. This publication, now, the underwater sessions have occupied ap­ renamed Underwater Archaeology in 1996 from proximately one-third of the conference. During the much longer and more cumbersome Under­ these three decades of growth and development, water Archaeology Proceedings from the Society underwater archaeology has clearly been an in­ for Historical Archaeology Conference, provides tegral part of the Society. For those interested in an annual forum for the latest in technology and the history of underwater archaeology and the methodology, underwater cultural resource man­ SHA, George Fischer's chronicle, "The Confer­ agement, and current research from around the ence on Underwater Archaeology and the Advi­ world ranging from prehistory to the beginning sory Council on Underwater Archaeology: A of the present century. The Society's commit­ Brief History," is published in the Proceedings ment to publish Underwater Archaeology annu­ from the Society for Historical Archaeology Con­ ally has been a big step in the growth of our ference 1993:2-6, edited by Sheli 0. Smith, Kan­ profession. It provides a quality forum for the sas City, Missouri. exchange of ideas and information with our col­ The 1997 conference's underwater program leagues and the public. To present the selected was one of the largest ever (from 110 abstracts contributions best, this year's volume departs submitted, 93 papers were presented) and cov­ from the traditional organization by session or ered a wide range of interests, periods, and geo­ symposium. graphic areas-medieval Chinese anchors; Byzan­ The wider the base of support for Underwater tine wrecks; Greco-Roman ports; colonial Portu­ Archaeology-both in manuscripts submitted and guese Africa and India; development of cultural in organizations underwriting the publication resource management in the Caribbean, Mexico, costs-the more important the publication be­ Bermuda, and Ireland; steamboats in Montana comes to the profession. This year, 59 of the 93 and Idaho as well as the South; medieval Euro­ (63%) underwater program participants submitted pean ships and bridges; American Naval archae­ manuscripts for consideration. Having many pa­ ology ranging from Revolutionary War ship­ pers submitted is both good and bad. The good wrecks through World War II aircraft lost at sea; side is that with increased competition, those technical and theoretical advances; pre­ papers published are more likely to make a sub­ Columbian sites; issues and models of cultural stantive contribution to the field; be properly resource management in the U.S.; ships and laid-out, referenced, and illustrated; and be clear, ports of European expansion; neolithic seafaring; concise and enjoyable to read. The bad side is vernacular boats; developments in shipbuilding that many papers that are substantive, properly technology; and westward American expansion. formatted, and enjoyable to read are not being Perhaps this year's quantity of papers was di­ published here simply because there is insuffi­ rectly related to the difficulties of the 1996 con- cient room in the volume. I hope many worth- while contributions that did not find a place in I am indebted to Michael Rodeffer for his the 1997 volume of Underwater Archaeology help with the business issues and mailings in­ will be published soon in other venues. volved with this publication and to Dr. Ronald Rather than discuss the merits and highlights Michael, the SHA editor, for all his patience of the items appearing between these covers, I with me. Each year Ronn has to help a new Un­ prefer to let them speak for themselves. That is derwater Archaeology editor navigate the mine­ their purpose. However, I was encouraged by the strewn harbor of editing these papers. I also papers from the symposium entitled "Problems want to acknowledge the work of Robyn Wood­ and Progress in Underwater Cultural Resource ward and Toni Carrell in compiling the associ­ Management in the Caribbean, Bermuda, and ate editor's guide for Underwater Archaeology Mexico." Not all of the papers from the sympo­ in 1994. How did the editors before 1994 man­ sium could be published here, but taken indi­ age the task without it? Finally, sincere thanks vidually and as a whole, they showed that go to every author who submitted a manuscript progress really has been made-though of for consideration. course, many problems persist. This publication is made possible by the gen­ I thank the other members of the