"Avaliação De Um Projeto De Fortalecimento Das Capacidades Para Resposta Ao HIV: Estudo De Caso Na Província De Gaza - Moçambique"

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Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical "Avaliação de um Projeto de Fortalecimento das Capacidades para Resposta ao HIV: Estudo de Caso na Província de Gaza - Moçambique" Mie Okamura DISSERTAÇÃO PARA OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE DOUTOR EM SAÚDE INTERNACIONAL, ESPECIALIDADE DE POLÍTICAS DE SAÚDE E DESENVOLVIMENTO Dezembro de 2016 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical "Avaliação de um Projeto de Fortalecimento das Capacidades para Resposta ao HIV: Estudo de Caso na Província de Gaza - Moçambique" Autora: Mie Okamura Orientadora: Professora Doutora Sónia Ferreira Dias Coorientadora: Professora Doutora Zulmira Maria de Araújo Hartz Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Saúde Internacional, especialidade de Políticas de Saúde e Desenvolvimento, de acordo com o Regulamento Geral do 3.º Ciclo de Estudos Superiores Conducentes à Obtenção do Grau de Doutor pelo Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (n.º 474/2012) publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série, n.º 223 de 19 de novembro de 2012. Aos meus pais Yaeko e Heihatiro, Por acreditar nesta filha, dando o seu apoio espiritual e amor incondicional ao longo de toda a minha caminhada e as condições necessárias para que os estudos fossem a prioridade na minha vida. i ii Agradecimentos Deparo-me com esta parte e vejo que as linhas serão insuficientes para demonstrar a minha gratidão por todos que, ao longo da minha jornada acadêmica foram essenciais para a concretização deste projeto. É inevitável que as minhas primeiras palavras sejam dirigidas à familia que atenuaram a minha ausência olhando pelos meus pais, apoiaram-me nos momentos difíceis e festejaram cada um dos meus pequenos sucessos. À Agência Japonesa de Cooperação Internacional meus sinceros agradecimentos pela oportunidade de trabalhar em Gaza e permitir o acesso e uso das informações do projeto para este estudo. Aos colegas do Conselho Nacional de Combate ao HIV/SIDA de Moçambique, aos colegas do Núcleo Provincial de Combate ao HIV/SIDA da Província de Gaza e pontos focais distritais principalmente na pessoa do Dr Rogério Moreira que facilitou meu trabalho de campo e deu apoio logístico e aos amigos Agostinho Manhique e Gertrudes Jamisse pelo apoio na coleta de dados. Aos parceiros de implementação da Província e às pessoas da comunidade que sem seus valiosos depoimentos, este estudo não teria se concretizado. Às professoras Sónia Ferreira Dias e Zulmira Maria de Araújo Hartz pela amizade, competência, dedicação e paciência com que conduziram minha orientação no campo da avaliação. Aos colegas do curso de doutoramento de Portugal e de tantos outros lugares, pela partilha do conhecimento e momentos de convivência. Aos meus fiéis escudeiros Rui Estevens e Eduarda Gusmão por suportarem os meus bons e maus dias com amizade e carinho e principalmente para Maria Fernanda Sardella Alvim, que sem ela essa jornada não teria se iniciado. Para a amiga Zulmira Silva pela cuidadosa revisão deste trabalho. Para o companheiro e amigo Carlos Alberto Ferreira Alves que, apesar dos percalços da vida sempre acreditou, deu forças e me apoiou nesta jornada do saber com muito carinho. A Deus, que permitiu manter este corpo e mente sãos para trilhar o caminho do saber. iii iv Resumo Na agenda das Agências Internacionais de Desenvolvimento, capacidade é um termo bastante corrente. A partir da Declaração de Paris, foi consensuado que o desenvolvimento de capacidades é um processo endógeno de mudança e apropriação local, e enfatiza que é responsabilidade dos países em desenvolvimento potencializarem a sua própria capacidade nacional. Os doadores por sua vez, tem um papel importante ao alinharem o apoio internacional às prioridades locais, na qualidade de catalisadores de conhecimentos por meio da cooperação técnica. A África sub-saariana, uma das regiões mais pobres do planeta, tem sido foco das agências internacionais de desenvolvimento e os Objetivos do Milénio destacam a importância de atender às suas necessidades especiais. Um dos grandes obstáculos para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico da região, tem sido a pandemia do HIV/SIDA, e o documento salienta a importância do desenvolvimento de capacidades para enfrentar a propagação do HIV/SIDA e outras doenças infeciosas. A resposta ao HIV/SIDA está organizada por um conjunto de intervenções, que são consideradas como uma realidade social complexa, e desenvolver capacidades nesta área é um grande desafio. Existem vários estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de capacidades na área da saúde, com uma diversidade de métodos e estratégias, mostrando o panorama complexo que o tema envolve. Moçambique, com uma prevalência nacional de 11,1%, entá entre os 10 países responsáveis por 75% da carga global da epidemia do HIV no planeta. Dentre as províncias, Gaza detém a maior prevalência com 25,1%. Face aos desafios que a Província de Gaza enfrenta para conter a alta taxa de prevalência, o Governo Provincial submeteu um pedido de apoio ao Governo Japonês, que foi homologado com o nome de Projeto de Fortalecimento das Capacidades do Núcleo Provincial de Combate ao SIDA para Resposta ao HIV na Província de Gaza. Neste sentido, a presente tese visa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da implementação deste projeto de cooperação, através de uma síntese analítica de conhecimento dividida em três fases. A primeira fase constitui-se de uma análise lógica, que descreve as cinco etapas que determinaram o potencial avaliativo da intervenção. A identificação dos documentos relevantes, o envolvimento de atores chaves e potenciais interessados na avaliação, o consenso sobre o modelo lógico da intervenção e sobre o modelo teórico da intervenção foram as etapas que possibilitaram o processo avaliativo. A segunda fase, através da aplicação de uma ferramenta, avalia-se as capacidades dos níveis provincial e distrital, com foco nas três dimensões do fortalecimento de capacidades: 1) Sistemas e infraestrutura; 2) Estrutura organizacional e 3) Recursos humanos. Na terceira fase, faz-se uma análise de implementação, de maneira a compreender como foram implantadas as estratégias de coordenação, descentralização e comunicação v do NPCS. Verifica-se o alinhamento das estratégias propostas com as necessidades dos parceiros e comunidade e descreve os fatores externos e internos que influenciaram na implementação do projeto. A presente tese conclui que, devido ao curto tempo do projeto e a multiplicidade de intervenientes que atuavam na Província de Gaza, não foi possível atribuir os resultados obtidos diretamente ao Projeto. Entretanto, com o apoio do projeto, a estratégia de coordenação trouxe visibilidade a alguns setores e maior fluidez na comunicação entre o NPCS e seus parceiros, assim como uma maior autonomia técnica dos pontos focais. Palavras-chaves: Capacidade, developmental evaluation, HIV, avaliação vi Abstract On the agenda of International Development Agencies, capacity is a very current term. From the Paris Declaration, it was consensual that capacity development is an endogenous process of change and local ownership, and emphasizes that it is the responsibility of developing countries to improve their own national capacity. Donors, on the other hand, has an important role to align international support to local priorities, as catalysts of knowledge through technical cooperation. The sub-Saharan Africa, one of the poorest regions of the world, has been the focus of international development agencies and the Millennium Development Goals highlight the importance of meeting their special needs. One of the greatest obstacles to socio-economic development of the region, has been the HIV/AIDS, and the document stresses the importance of capacity building to address the spread of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. The HIV/AIDS response is organized by a set of interventions that are considered as a complex social reality, and capacity development in this area is a major challenge. There are several studies on capacity development in health, with a variety of methods and strategies, showing the complex picture that the subject involves. Mozambique, with a national prevalence of 11.1%, is among the 10 countries responsible for 75% of the global burden of the HIV epidemic. Among the provinces, Gaza has the highest prevalence with 25.1%. Given the challenges that Gaza Province faces to contain the high prevalence rate, the Provincial Government submitted a request for support to the Japanese Government, which has been approved under the name of Project to Strengthen the Capacity of the Provincial Nucleus to Fight Against HIV/AIDS to HIV Response in Gaza Province. In this sense, this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the implementation of this cooperation project through an analytical knowledge synthesis divided into three phases. The first phase consists of a logical analysis that describes the five steps that led to the evaluative likelihood of the intervention. The identification of relevant documents, the involvement of key stakeholders and those interested in the assessment, the consensus on the logical model of intervention and the theoretical model of intervention were the steps that allowed the evaluation process. By applying a tool, the second phase evaluates the capacity of provincial and district levels, focusing on three dimensions of capacity development: 1) systems and infrastructure; 2) organizational structure and 3) human resources. In the third phase,
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