Nutrition Country Profiles – MOZAMBIQUE June 2001, Rome Italy FAO - NUTRITION COUNTRY PROFILES MOZAMBIQUEMOZAMBIQUE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Nutrition Country Profiles – MOZAMBIQUE 11 June 2001 1 Note for the reader The objective of the Nutrition Country Profiles (NCP) is to provide concise analytical summaries describing the food and nutrition situation in individual countries with background statistics on food-related factors. The profiles present consistent and comparable statistics in a standard format. This pre-defined format combines a set of graphics, tables and maps each supported by a short explanatory text. Information regarding the agricultural production, demography and socio-economic level of the country are also presented. In general, data presented in the NCP are derived from national sources as well as from international databases (FAO, WHO...). Technical notes giving detailed information on the definition and use of the indicators provided in the profile can be obtained from ESNA upon request. An information note describing the objectives of the NCP is also available. Useful suggestions or observations to improve the quality of this product are welcome. The data used to prepare the maps are available in Excel upon request at: E-mail: [email protected] Nutrition Country Profile of Mozambique prepared by Lourdes Fidalgo (ANSA ) and Carina Ismael (MOH) in collaboration with Rosanne Marchesich (ESNA-FAO). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers . FAO, 2000 Nutrition Country Profiles – MOZAMBIQUE 11 June 2001 2 Table of contents SUMMARY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 TABLE 1: GENERAL STATISTICS OF MOZAMBIQUE------------------------------------- 4 I. OVERVIEW --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1. Geography ......................................................................................................... 5 2. Population .......................................................................................................... 5 3. Level of development: poverty, education and health ........................................ 6 4. Agricultural production, land use and food security............................................ 7 5. Economy ............................................................................................................ 8 II. THE FOOD AND NUTRITION SITUATION --------------------------------------------------- 9 1. Trends in energy requirements and energy supplies ......................................... 9 2. Trends in food supplies.....................................................................................10 3. Food consumption............................................................................................ 14 4. Anthropometric data......................................................................................... 14 5. Micronutrient deficiencies................................................................................. 16 REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 MAPS are presented after the <REFERENCES> -General Map of Mozambique -Map 1: Population density in 2000 at the provincial level in Mozambique. -Map 2: The prevalence of underweight among children less than 5 years old in 1995 at the provincial level in Mozambique. -Map 3: The prevalence of stunting among children less than 5 years old in 1995 at the provincial level in Mozambique. -Map 4: The prevalence of wasting among children less than 5 years old in 1995 at the provincial level in Mozambique. Graphs, tables and maps can be visualised by clicking on the words in bold and underline, only in the “Full profile” pdf file. Nutrition Country Profiles – MOZAMBIQUE 10 September 2001 3 SUMMARY Mozambique has a total population of 17.656.153 and a population density of 22.08 inhabitants per square/ km (2001 (Map 1). The malnutrition rates for children under three years old are as follow: 36% of stunting, 8% of wasting and 26% of under weight. The low birth weight rate is 12% (Table 4a, Map 2, Map 3 & Map 4). The national mean Body Mass Index (BMI) for women is 21.6 which reflects a normal situation. Regarding micronutrient deficiency no national survey was done. Some surveys were done at the provincial level. Goiter is endemic in Niassa and Tete provinces with levels of total goiter above 50%. In some districts of Cabo Delgado and Manica provinces goiter seems to be a public health problem (Table 5a & Table 5b). Anaemia is a severe problem in the country, with more than 50% of children and women being anaemic. The levels of anaemia are also high for men, which reflects a high prevalence of parasites. According to a survey in four provinces all the communities surveyed are at risk of Vitamin A deficiency. It is estimated that 64% of the population is food insecure. The prevalence being higher in the southern region (75%). During 1994 -1995 the food balance showed a deficit of around 490.000 tons of cereals. The national production only covered around 40% of the national caloric consumption. The cereal gross production is estimated around 1.163.000 tons and a human consumption of 1.135.000 tons. A food shortage is expected in some areas of the country where the production was insufficient, due to the floods (central and southern region) and drought. The average calorie availability/Adult Equivalent Unity (AEU)/ per day in the household is 2761 and a median is 2420 calories. This is below the reference needs of 3000 calories/AEU/Day. The main food energy sources are cereals, tubers and roots, and the diet is mainly cereals, tubers, vegetables, green leaves, beans, groundnuts, coconut and fish in the coastal areas. It is estimated that between 49 and 62 % of the population have access to health facilities. The infant mortality and under five mortality rate are still very high: 135/1000 and 200/1000 live births respectively. The literacy rate for males and females are 59.3 and 23.6 per cent respectively. It is estimated that 2/3 of the population live in absolute poverty; the mean monthly consumption is 160.780,00 Mt per person, equivalent to 9.4 USD (IAF, 1998). The GDP from 1995-99 reached a high level, 10% per year, which represents an increase of 7.5% per year in real GDP per capita, in Meticais. In U.S. Dollar term, GDP per capita increased from about US $145 in 1995 to slightly over US $ 240 in 1999. The inflation rate decreased to a one digit number; from 50% in 1995/96 to 0.5-2% in 1998. TABLE 1: GENERAL STATISTICS OF MOZAMBIQUE Last updated: 19/03/01 Indicator (§) Year Unit Indicator (§) Year Unit A. Land in use for agriculture G. Average Food Supply 1. Agricultural land 1995 ha per person 2.723 2. Arable and permanent crop land 1995 ha per person 0.193 1. Dietary Energy Supply (DES) 1996-98 Kcal/caput/day 1862 B. Livestock 1. Cattle 1996-98 thousands 1287 Percentage of DES by major food groups 2. Sheep & goats 1996-98 thousands 508 3. Pigs 1996-98 thousands 174 Cereals (excl. beer) 4. Chickens 1996-98 millions 25 1%1% 0% 9% Starchy roots C. Population 1% 1. Total population 1998 thousands 18880 Sweeteners 2. 0-5 years 1998 % of total pop. 21.0 6% Pulses, nuts, oilcrops 3. 6-17 years 1998 % of total pop. 30.2 2% Fruits & Vegetables 4. 18-59 years 1998 % of total pop. 43.6 5. >= 60 years 1998 % of total pop. 5.2 Vegetable oils 6. Rural population 1998 % of total pop. 62.3 Animal Fats 7. Annual population growth rate, Total 1995-2000 % of total pop. 2.5 Meat & offals 8. Annual population growth rate, Rural 1995-2000 % of rural pop. 0.4 9. Projected total population in 2030 2030 thousands 33508 Fish & seafood 10. Agricultural population 1995 % of total pop. 77.3 42% Milk & Eggs 11. Population density 1995 pop. per sq Km 21.7 38% Other D. Level of Development 1. GNP per capita, Atlas Method 1997 current US$ 140 Note: Value not indicated if below 1% 2. Human Development Index rating (new) 1997 min[0] - max[1] 0.341 3. Incidence of poverty, Total 1998 % of population 69 4. Incidence of poverty, Rural 1998 % of population 71 % Energy from: 5. Life expectancy at birth (both sexes) 1998 years 43.7 2. Protein 1996-98 % of total energy 7.9 6. Under-five mortality rate 1998 per 1,000 live births 206 3. Fat 1996-98 % of total energy 15.1 E. Food Trade 4. Proteins 1996-98 g/caput/day 35.9 1. Food Imports (US $) 1996-98 % of total imports 18.0 5. Vegetable products 1996-98 % of total proteins 90.6 2. Food Exports (US $) 1996-98 % of total exports 13.6 6. Animal products 1996-98 % of total proteins 9.4 3. Cereal Food Aid (100 MT) 1996-98 % of cereals imports 32.7 H. Food Inadequacy F. Indices of Food Production 1. Total population "undernourished" 1995-97 millions 11.3 1. Food Production Index 1996-98 1989-91=100 130.8 2. % population "undernourished" 1995-97 % of total pop. 63.0 2. Food Production Index Per Capita 1996-98 1989-91=100 101.1 ... no data available § see References for data sources used See Technical Notes for definitions used. Nutrition Country Profiles – MOZAMBIQUE 11 June 2001 5 MOZAMBIQUE I. OVERVIEW 1. Geography The Republic of Mozambique is located in the Southeast of the